CN113951040A - Cultivation method of central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree - Google Patents
Cultivation method of central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree Download PDFInfo
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- 235000005087 Malus prunifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 title abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000218993 Begonia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000134242 Malus prunifolia Species 0.000 claims 6
- 241000635201 Pumilus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 15
- 241001481296 Malus spectabilis Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001026836 Docynia indica Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001073507 Callicarpa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014270 Malus baccata var baccata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001396 Malus hupehensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005057 Malus hupehensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of a central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a flat-topped crabapple seed seedling with a straight tree trunk, a main rod height of more than 3.0m and a ground diameter of more than 8cm as a stock at the late autumn beginning of the first year, and grafting the current-year scion of Indian magic crabapple by adopting a budding method at a position 2.8-3.0m higher than the stock tree, or grafting the annual scion of Indian magic crabapple by adopting a cleft grafting method in the spring of the second year; s2, in winter in the first year or in early spring in the second year, cutting off lateral branches at the position of 0-1.0m of the height of the rootstock plant, and thinning the lateral branches at the position of 1.0-2.8 m; s3, in 8-9 months in the second year, selecting a proper position on the main rod according to the requirement of the height of the actual branch point, and grafting the annual inoculation bud of Indian magic begonia by adopting a budding method; s4, cutting off all the residual lateral branches of the rootstock with the height of more than 1.0m in the winter of the second year or in the early spring of the third year; and S5, removing rootstock tender branches and tender buds growing on the rootstocks in spring and summer of the third year and the fourth year. The invention solves the technical problems that the traditional Indian magic crabapple tree cultivation method is not easy to produce the tree-shaped Indian magic crabapple of the center rod, the growth speed is slow, the seedling raising time of engineering seedlings is overlong, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of a central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree.
Background
Indian Magic crabapple (Malus 'Indian Magic') is a crabapple variety introduced from the United states, the fruit of the Indian crabapple is orange and bright, the fruit amount is large, the bearing period is long, the fruit cannot fall off in winter, the Indian crabapple variety is a rare autumn and winter color-increasing tree species in the north, and the grafting affinity of the Chinese crabapple varieties such as Chinese flat top crabapple, eight-edge crabapple, Hubei crabapple and the like is high. The flat top Chinese flowering crabapple native product has developed root system, strong cold resistance and drought resistance in the northern China, and is commonly used as the apple plant rootstock.
Indian magic crabapple is generally bred by grafting, and the common method is to perform ground grafting on annual seedlings of eight-edge crabapple, Hubei crabapple, flat top crabapple and the like. The Indian magic crabapple branches are soft, the plants grow fast at a high speed, in addition, the fruit bearing quantity is large, the main rod is easy to bend after the fruits are bearing, therefore, the stem cutting is usually carried out below 1m in the production process to produce cut stem seedlings, and tree-shaped Indian magic crabapples of the central rod are not produced. In addition, the Indian magic crabapple is generally bred by grafting, the commonly used method is to perform root-to-ground grafting (grafting from the root of about 5 centimeters) on annual seedlings of the eight-rowed crabapple, the Hubei crabapple, the flat top crabapple and the like, the growing speed of the ground-to-ground Indian magic crabapple is slow, the time required for the growth of the engineering seedlings is long, and the efficiency of large-scale planting of the Indian magic crabapple tree in China is influenced.
The resistance of the cut-dry seedlings to natural disasters such as wind, snow, plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and certain potential safety hazards exist when the cut-dry seedlings are used for urban greening. The tree shape of the center pole (the guide pole seedling of the center collar) has an obvious center main pole, is well-arranged, presents a pyramid shape and has the characteristic of strong resistance to natural disasters.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of a central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree, which solves the technical problems that the existing cultivation method of the Indian magic crabapple tree is not easy to produce the central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple, the growth speed of the conventional Indian magic crabapple is slow, the seedling cultivation time of engineering seedlings is too long, and the like.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating a central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree, comprising:
s1, selecting a flat top crabapple seed seedling with a straight tree trunk, a main trunk height of more than 3.0m and a ground diameter of more than 8cm as a stock at the late autumn beginning of the first year, and grafting an annual branch or a scion of Indian magic crabapple at a position 2.8-3.0m higher than the stock tree; grafting current-year scion buds of the Indian magic crabapple by adopting a bud grafting method, or grafting an annual scion of the Indian magic crabapple by adopting a cleft grafting method in the spring of the second year;
s2, in winter in the first year or in early spring in the second year, cutting off lateral branches at the position of 0-1.0m of the height of the rootstock plant, and thinning the lateral branches at the position of 1.0-2.8 m;
s3, in 8-9 months in the second year, selecting a proper position on the main rod according to the requirement of the height of the actual branch point, and grafting the annual inoculation bud of Indian magic begonia by adopting a budding method;
s4, cutting off all the residual lateral branches of the rootstock with the height of more than 1.0m in the winter of the second year or in the early spring of the third year;
and S5, removing rootstock tender branches and tender buds growing on the rootstocks in spring and summer of the third year and the fourth year.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the grafting method comprises: and grafting the robust current-year buds of the Indian magic crabapple by a grafting method in 8 months in the first year, or grafting the annual branches of the Indian magic crabapple by a cleft grafting method in 3 months in the second year.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, if the scissoring bud grafting method is adopted, the stock trunk above the grafting point is pruned 3 months in the next year.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the selecting of the proper side branch point locations includes that after grafting, the grafting points are uniformly distributed around the trunk in a rotation manner, each rotation has 3 to 5 buds, and the distance between the grafting point at each height and the adjacent grafting point along the trunk is 30 to 50 cm.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the grafting points are distributed at 2-4 positions with different plant heights.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S5, the tender shoot of the rootstock shoot of the malus pumila which sprouts on the rootstock is removed twice or more every year in spring and summer of the third and fourth years.
(III) advantageous effects
(1) The selection standard of the crabapple stock is that a tree is straight and the height of a main rod of the flat top crabapple is more than 3.0m, after the scion bud of the crabapple stock completely grows into a lateral branch, the tree shape is a central rod tree shape, the tree shape is easy to control, the result quantity is large, the ornamental effect is good, and the natural disaster resistance is stronger.
(2) Malus plants such as Malus spectabilis are susceptible to rot. In the invention, partial lateral branches of the parts with the plant height of more than 1.0m of the rootstocks are reserved in S2-S3, and all lateral branches with the plant height of more than 1.0m are cut off until the winter of the second year or the spring of the third year. The temporarily reserved part of the lateral branches has stronger photosynthesis, and a large amount of nutrition made by the temporary reserved part of the lateral branches can be continuously provided for the trunk and the roots of the tree, thereby having positive effects of thickening the main trunk of the begonia in the second year and improving the disease resistance of the plants.
Meanwhile, the growth of the rootstock lateral branches (flat top Chinese flowering apple lateral branches) which are temporarily reserved can influence the growth of Indian magic Chinese flowering apple scions or scions (including branches or scions grafted in S1), and the scions or the scions are promoted to grow upwards to be beneficial to growing into a central rod tree shape.
The method can ensure that the rootstock has stronger disease resistance through step-by-step grafting in two periods and step-by-step removal of lateral branches of the rootstock, provide sufficient nutrition for scion/scion on the rootstock and control the rootstock to grow into a central rod tree shape.
(3) The invention directly selects flat top crabapple seed sowing seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 8cm as the stock, can quickly grow into large-size engineering seedlings, and solves the problem that the growth speed of the traditional Indian magic crabapple grafting method is too slow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method S1-S2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method S3 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method S4 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-3, an operation schematic diagram of the cultivation method of central-tree type indian magic crabapple tree of the present invention specifically includes the steps of:
s1, selecting a flat-topped crabapple seed seedling with a straight tree trunk, a main rod height of more than 3.0m and a ground diameter of more than 8cm as a stock at the late autumn beginning of the first year, and grafting the current-year scion of Indian magic crabapple by adopting a budding method at a position 2.8-3.0m higher than the stock tree, or grafting the annual scion of Indian magic crabapple by adopting a cleft grafting method in the spring of the second year;
s2, in winter in the first year or in early spring in the second year, cutting off lateral branches at the position of 0-1.0m of the height of the rootstock plant, and thinning the lateral branches at the position of 1.0-2.8 m.
The operation method of the steps S1-S2 is shown in FIG. 1.
Wherein the grafting method in S1:
the first method comprises the following steps: and grafting the strong current-year buds of Indian magic crabapple by a patch budding method in the first 8 months. If the patch bud grafting method is adopted, the stock is trimmed 3 months in the next year, and the trunk of the stock above the grafting point is cut off, so that the grafting bud is positioned at the highest position of all the buds of the plant (a in figure 1).
And the second method comprises the following steps: and grafting annual branches of Indian magic crabapple by a cleft grafting method in 3 months in the next year. Before cleft grafting, the selected rootstock is cut at the plant height of 2.8-3.0m (b of figure 1).
And S3, in 8-9 months in the second year, selecting a proper position on the main rod according to the requirement of the height of the actual branch point, and grafting the annual inoculation bud of the Indian magic begonia by adopting a budding method.
S3 operation is as shown in figure 2, carrying out budding in the current year of Indian magic Callicarpa at 2-4 different plant height positions of the stock, each position is grafted with 3-5 budding, and each budding is distributed in a wheel shape around the trunk of the stock. The distance between the grafting point at each height and the adjacent grafting point along the height of the tree trunk is about 30-50 cm.
And S4, cutting off all the residual lateral branches of the rootstock with the height of more than 1.0m in the winter of the second year or in the early spring of the third year. Operation S4 as shown in fig. 3, all the remaining lateral branches of the rootstock were pruned, leaving only the grafted Indian magic begonia scion bud.
And S5, removing rootstock tender branches and tender buds growing on the rootstocks in spring and summer of the third year and the fourth year.
The following describes the technical scheme and the technical effects of the invention with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment is a cultivation method of a central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree, which comprises the following steps:
(1) in 8 last ten days of 2016, 12 seedlings of flattop crabapple seed sowing seedlings with the height of tree stems of more than 3.0m and the average ground diameter of 8.6cm are selected from a Shijiazhuang to serve as stock trees, and buds of Indian magic crabapple are grafted at the position 3.0m higher than the stock trees in the current year.
(2) Pruning lateral branches at the position of 0-1.0m of the tree height and thinning lateral branches at the position of 1.0-3.0 m in 2017 in 3 months; and (4) cutting off the flat top crabapple trunk above the grafting point.
(3) In 8 months in 2017, 5 annual scions of Indian magic begonia are attached to 4 positions with different heights, such as 1.0-1.2 m, 1.5-1.7 m, 2.0-2.2 m and 2.5-2.7 m in height, and the like, for 20 in total, so that the 5 scions at each position are distributed in a wheel shape.
(4) All flat top crabapple lateral branches on the rootstock are cut off in 11 months in 2017.
(5) In 2018, in 5, 8 and 10 months, the tender shoots of the flat top Chinese flowering crabapple shoots which are germinated on the rootstocks are removed for 3 times.
(6) And in 2019, in 4 months and 7 months, the tender shoots and the tender shoots which are germinated on the rootstocks are removed in two times.
By 10 months (5 years of cultivation in total) in 2020, 12 central tree type Indian magic begonia trees with average ground diameter of 14.2cm and average tree height of 6.23m are cultivated.
Example 2
The embodiment is a cultivation method of a central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree, which comprises the following steps:
(1) in 8 late-month of 2016, 10 seedlings of flattop crabapple seeds with the tree height of more than 3.0m and the average ground diameter of 8.5cm are selected from the Shijiazhu as stocks.
(2) In 3 months in the next year, the rootstock tree is cut at the position 3.0m high, and the annual branch of Indian magic crabapple is grafted by a cleft grafting method. And in 2017, pruning the lateral branches at the positions with the tree height of 0-1.0m and thinning the lateral branches at the positions with the tree height of 1.0-3.0 m.
(3) In 8 months in 2017, 4 annual scions of Indian magic begonia are attached to the positions with different heights, such as the positions with the plant heights of 1.0-1.2 m, 1.5-1.7 m, 2.0-2.2 m and 2.5-2.7 m, and the like, wherein the number of the annual scions is 4, the total number of the annual scions is 16, and 3 scions at each position are distributed in a wheel shape.
(4) And in 2017, all the flat top crabapple lateral branches on the rootstock are cut off in 12 months.
(5) In 2018, in 5, 8 and 10 months, the tender shoots of the flat top Chinese flowering crabapple shoots which are germinated on the rootstocks are removed for 3 times.
(6) And in 2019, in 4 months and 7 months, the tender shoots and the tender shoots which are germinated on the rootstocks are removed in two times.
By 10 months (5 years of cultivation in total) in 2020, 10 central tree type Indian magic crabapple trees with the average diameter of the Indian magic crabapple ground of 13.8cm and the average tree height of 6.09m are cultivated.
Comparative example
Culturing Indian magic crabapple using conventional methods:
in 9.2013, 25 annual flat-topped crabapples with the ground diameter of 0.8-1cm are selected from Shijiazhuang, and the Indian magic crabapples are grafted at the position 5-10cm away from the ground in a bud grafting mode. And cutting the stock at a position 0.5cm above the grafting point in spring 2015, and removing the trunk above the grafting position.
In summer beginning in 2014, underground vertical drilling is carried out at the position 5cm beside each sapling, a straight bamboo pole with the diameter of 5cm of the big end is inserted, and the saplings and the main pole are bound together by nylon ropes. And then the binding is carried out again after the loose binding in spring every year. And (4) watering, fertilizing and the like, wherein the average ground diameter of 25 Indian magic crabapples is 10.2cm and the average tree height is 6.01m by 10 months (culturing for 8 years) in 2020.
Through the comparison, the Indian magic crabapple cultivated by the method has high growth speed, can grow into engineering seedlings in a shorter time, and accelerates the popularization speed of the Indian magic crabapple tree in large-scale planting in China.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method of a central rod tree type Indian magic crabapple tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a flat-topped crabapple seed seedling with a straight tree trunk, a main rod height of more than 3.0m and a ground diameter of more than 8cm as a stock at the late autumn beginning of the first year, and grafting the current-year scion of Indian magic crabapple by adopting a budding method at a position 2.8-3.0m higher than the stock tree, or grafting the annual scion of Indian magic crabapple by adopting a cleft grafting method in the spring of the second year;
s2, in winter in the first year or in early spring in the second year, cutting off lateral branches at the position of 0-1.0m of the height of the rootstock plant, and thinning the lateral branches at the position of 1.0-2.8 m;
s3, in 8-9 months in the second year, selecting a proper position on the main rod according to the requirement of the height of the actual branch point, and grafting the annual inoculation bud of Indian magic begonia by adopting a budding method;
s4, cutting off all the residual lateral branches of the rootstock with the height of more than 1.0m in the winter of the second year or in the early spring of the third year;
and S5, removing rootstock tender branches and tender buds growing on the rootstocks in spring and summer of the third year and the fourth year.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the grafting method is as follows: and grafting the robust current-year buds of the Indian magic crabapple by a grafting method in 8 months in the first year, or grafting the annual branches of the Indian magic crabapple by a cleft grafting method in 3 months in the second year.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, if the scissoring bud grafting method is adopted, the stock trunk above the grafting point is pruned 3 months in the next year.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the proper side branch points are selected, specifically, after grafting is completed, the grafting points are uniformly distributed around the trunk in a rotation manner, each rotation has 3-5 buds, and the distance between the grafting points along the trunk height is 30-50 cm.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in S3, the grafting points are distributed at 2-4 different plant height positions.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S5, the rootstock tender shoot of the malus pumilus sprouting is removed twice or more every year in spring and summer of the third and fourth years.
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| 高新一, 金盾出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20220121 |