CN115517088A - High-quality grape grafted seedling breeding method - Google Patents
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- CN115517088A CN115517088A CN202211235063.6A CN202211235063A CN115517088A CN 115517088 A CN115517088 A CN 115517088A CN 202211235063 A CN202211235063 A CN 202211235063A CN 115517088 A CN115517088 A CN 115517088A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality grape grafted seedling breeding method, which belongs to the technical field of grafting, and by utilizing the advantages of high grafting efficiency, long grafting duration and high survival rate of grapes in summer, cuttings are firstly cultivated, and are cut and cultivated into seedlings in the spring of the next year, so that high-quality grape grafted seedlings are produced by a simple, efficient and easily-mastered method, and the domestic requirements on the grafted seedlings are met. The method overcomes the problems that grape seedlings grafted on hard branches are easy to break off in the process of burying and unearthing at the later stage, the grafting efficiency of green branches is low, and the cost is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, and particularly relates to a high-quality grape grafted seedling breeding method.
Background
Grapes are one of the earliest, most widely distributed and most cultivated fruit trees in the world, are widely cultivated all over the world, and have cultivation area and yield second only to citrus; due to the strong adaptability, the fruit trees are planted in all provinces and areas, and become the most widely cultivated fruit trees. In the 19 th century, the grape phylloxera caused destructive disasters to the grape industry, and since the year 1870, gaston Bazille proposed that European grapes are grafted on American grapes to resist the harm of the grape phylloxera, the grafting culture rescued European grape production. For more than 100 years, no method for overcoming the harm of the rhizomyzus persicae can be found except for grafting cultivation.
The grafting method widely adopted in all parts of the world at present is hard branch grafting, the hard branch grafting can be carried out indoor mechanical grafting, and the method has the advantages of high speed, low cost and the like, so that the method is widely applied to non-soil-burying cold-proof areas. Although grapes are planted in all provinces of China, high-quality grape production areas are mostly distributed in soil-buried cold-proof areas in northwest, north China and northeast, the areas are cold and dry in winter, and the grapes cannot live through the winter naturally. At present, a soil-burying overwintering method is mainly adopted, namely grape vines are dug out of soil in spring every year, and the vines are tied up and put on a shelf; in winter, the vines are separated from the rack and pressed close to the ground, and then the vines are buried in the ground for overwintering. In the annual spring-winter-out burying cycle process, a part of trees are broken at the grafting opening, so that the plants are lacking and the ridges are broken, and the yield is reduced. The rootstocks at the lower part do not die, and the inferior grapes are grown and mixed into cultivated varieties, so that the quality of the grapes is greatly reduced. Therefore, researchers research that the green branch grafting method overcomes the problem that a main vine is broken in the later period, but the green branch grafting method is achieved through cleft grafting and can only be completed manually, the efficiency of a skilled worker is only one tenth of that of mechanized hard branch grafting (5000: 500/person/day), and the later period needs the same manpower to perform rope unbinding work, so that the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-quality grape grafting efficient breeding method, which aims to solve the problems of easy breakage, plant deficiency and ridge breaking, low yield and quality, low green branch grafting efficiency and high cost of grape hard branch grafted seedlings in the field of agriculture at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-quality grape grafted seedling breeding method comprises the following steps:
1) Stock cultivation: after the stock sprouts in spring, erasing weak and small redundant young shoots, selecting and reserving thick and strong young shoots, guiding the young shoots to grow in parallel in one direction, wherein the distance between every two young shoots is about 15cm, and removing auxiliary shoots in the growing process;
2) Continuous grafting: after the base part of the young sprout starts to be semi-lignified, grape branch buds are grafted on the stock in a segmented grafting mode in a bud embedding mode, and continuous grafting is carried out on the original grafting point along with the growth of the stock, so that the aging of the grafting bud before overwintering is ensured;
3) Collecting and storing: collecting the stock with the scion bud after the leaves fall in autumn, cutting off the stock from the base of the scion bud, removing tendrils and auxiliary tips, leaving branches of 90cm, bundling, placing in a refrigeration house or an outdoor temporary planting pit after water loss prevention treatment, and covering with wet sand;
4) Treating branches: in spring of the next year, the stored branches are arranged, cut horizontally at a position 3cm above the grafted buds, cut obliquely at a first node 30cm below the grafted buds, bundled, treated with rooting powder at the oblique cut position, and can be cut when the callus is exposed to white;
5) Cutting cultivation: cultivating the branch capable of being cut into container seedlings, and outplanting in the same year; and then cutting the container seedlings into a nursery garden to cultivate 1-year seedlings, and outplanting the next year.
Further, in the step 2), in the staged grafting process, the distance between the scion buds is about 30cm (2-3 sections), namely, one bud is scion at a position 30cm above one section of the stock, and a plurality of buds can be connected to the upper part and the lower part of each stock strip.
Further, in the step 3), the temperature in the refrigeration house is 0-5 ℃, and the temperature of the wet sand is not lower than-15 ℃.
Further, in the step 3), only one thick young shoot is reserved for the young shoot sprouting from the grafted bud.
Further, in step 4), the finishing specifically comprises: and (3) disinfecting the stored branches by using carbendazim, and then soaking in clear water for 24 hours.
Further, the carbendazim is 800-fold diluted carbendazim.
Further, field management is carried out according to a grape seedling production method in the whole seedling raising period, and besides normal soil, fertilizer and water and pest management, removal of the sprouts on the rootstocks is paid attention to.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the segmented grafting, namely, one bud is grafted on the stock at intervals, and each stock batten can be connected with a plurality of buds, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of the cuttage. The method utilizes the advantages of high grafting efficiency, long grafting duration and high survival rate of the grape bud grafting in summer to firstly cultivate the cuttings and cultivate the cuttings into seedlings by cutting in the spring of the next year, and produces high-quality grape grafted seedlings by a simple, efficient and easily-mastered method so as to meet the domestic requirements on the grafted seedlings. The method overcomes the technical defects that the grape seedlings grafted on the hard branches are easy to break off in the process of burying and unearthing in the later period, the grafting efficiency of the green branches is low, and the cost is high. Not only reduces the production cost, produces high-quality grafted seedlings and improves the stress resistance of the grapes, but also solves the problem that the main vines are broken at the grafting openings in the later soil burying process, accelerates the realization of the industrialization of the grapes in China and improves the market competitiveness.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rootstock cutting;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of grafting buds on a rootstock.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Aiming at the problems of easy breakage in the later period, plant shortage and ridge breaking, low yield and quality, low green branch grafting efficiency and high cost of grape hard branch grafted seedlings in the field of agriculture at present, the invention provides a simple and efficient method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings. Not only reduces the production cost, produces high-quality grafted seedlings and improves the stress resistance of the grapes, but also solves the problem that the main vines are broken at the grafting openings in the later soil burying process, accelerates the realization of the industrialization of the grapes in China and improves the market competitiveness. The specific method comprises the following steps:
a high-quality grape grafted seedling breeding method comprises the following steps:
1) Stock cultivation: after the stock sprouts in spring, erasing weak and small redundant young shoots, selecting and reserving thick and strong young shoots, guiding the young shoots to grow in parallel in one direction, wherein the distance between every two young shoots is about 15cm, and removing auxiliary shoots in the growing process;
2) Continuous grafting: after the base part of the young sprout starts to be semi-lignified, grape branch buds are grafted on the stock in a segmented grafting mode in a bud embedding manner, and are continuously grafted on an original grafting point along with the growth of the stock, so that the grafted buds are aged before overwintering, the north is early finished, the south is late finished, and the late 7 th day of the delivery area in the north of Huaihe river can be reached; the Huaihe river can last to 8 last ten days of the month in the south; collecting the grafted buds from the mother plants of the germplasm resource garden with pure varieties and no diseases and pests;
3) Collecting and storing: collecting the stock with the scion bud after the leaves fall in autumn, cutting off the stock from the base part of the scion bud, removing tendrils and auxiliary tips, reserving branches of 90cm, bundling the branches, performing water loss prevention treatment (keeping the air humidity between 90 and 100 percent), placing the branches in a refrigeration house or an outdoor temporary planting pit, and covering wet sand;
4) Branch treatment: trimming the stored branches in spring in the next year, horizontally cutting the branches at a position 3cm above the grafted buds, obliquely cutting the first section 30cm below the grafted buds, bundling the branches into bundles, treating the obliquely cut parts with rooting powder, and cutting the branches when the calluses are exposed to white;
5) Cutting cultivation: determining the type of the nursery stock according to the seedling growing purpose, cultivating the branch capable of being cut into container seedlings, and outplanting the container seedlings in the same year; and then cutting the container seedlings into a nursery garden to cultivate 1-year seedlings, and outplanting the next year.
In some preferred embodiments, in step 2), in the staged grafting process, the distance between the scion buds is about 30cm (2-3 nodes), namely, one bud is scion at a position 30cm above one node of the rootstock, and a plurality of buds can be grafted above and below each rootstock strip.
In some preferred embodiments, in the step 3), the temperature in the cold storage is 0-5 ℃, and the temperature of the wet sand is kept to be not lower than-15 ℃.
In some preferred embodiments, only one robust young shoot is retained from the germinated young shoot in step 3).
In some preferred embodiments, in step 4), the finishing is specifically: and (4) disinfecting the stored branches by using carbendazim, and then soaking the branches in clear water for 24 hours.
In some preferred embodiments, the carbendazim is 800-fold diluted carbendazim.
In some preferred embodiments, field management is performed according to the grape seedling production method during the whole seedling raising period, and besides normal soil, fertilizer and water, and pest management, the sprout on the rootstock is removed.
Example 1
This example is a test conducted at a test base in Ningxia. The grape branch bud (graft bud) is Cabernet sauvignon
A method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings comprises the following specific operations (an operation schematic diagram is shown in figure 1):
1) Stock cultivation: before 3 months of stock germination, applying base fertilizer and irrigation to the stock garden, after 3 months of stock germination, erasing weak and small redundant young shoots, selecting and remaining thick and strong young shoots, guiding the young shoots to grow in parallel in one direction, wherein the distance between every two young shoots is about 15cm, and removing auxiliary shoots in the growing process;
2) Continuous grafting: after the base part of the young sprout starts to be semi-lignified in the last 6 months, the stock is grafted in a segmented manner by a bud-embedding grafting manner (as shown in a figure 2-3), and the distance between the grafted buds is about 30cm (2-3 sections), namely, one bud is grafted at a position 30cm above one section of the stock; the scion bud is collected from the mother plant of germ plasm resource garden with pure variety and no disease and pest. Continuously grafting at the original grafting height position along with the growth of the stock at the later stage to ensure that all the scion buds are aged before overwintering;
3) Collecting and storing: collecting the stock with the scion bud after the leaves fall in autumn, shearing the stock from the base part of the scion bud, removing tendrils and auxiliary tips, reserving only one thick and strong new tip for the new tip germinated on the scion bud, taking 90cm branches, bundling, placing in a refrigeration house (0-5 ℃) or an outdoor temporary planting pit after water loss prevention packaging, covering with wet sand, and ensuring that the temperature is not lower than-15 ℃;
4) Branch treatment: taking out branches in spring in the next year, sterilizing the stored branches by using 800 times of carbendazim (the carbendazim diluted by 800 times), then soaking the branches in clear water for 24 hours, simultaneously cleaning away sandy soil on the surface, finishing, horizontally shearing at a position 3cm above grafted buds, obliquely shearing at a first node 30cm away from the lower part of the grafted buds, bundling the sheared rootstocks, treating the obliquely sheared parts by using rooting powder (ABT No. 2 rooting powder, soaking the branches by 80ppm for 1.5 hours, treating 3000 plants of cuttings by using 1g rooting powder), accelerating roots at 25 ℃, and cutting when callus is exposed to white;
5) Cutting cultivation: cultivating the branch capable of being cut into container seedlings, and outplanting in the same year; and then cutting the container seedlings into a nursery garden to cultivate 1-year-old seedlings, outplanting the seedlings the next year, and performing field management according to a grape seedling production method in the whole seedling period, wherein the seedlings are removed from the rootstock except for normal soil, fertilizer and water and disease and insect pest management.
Control group
Hard branch grafting is adopted.
In early spring before the germination of the mother tree, an annual branch is used as a scion, 1-3 buds are left on the branch, the base part is cut into a wedge-shaped inclined plane which is easy to be closely connected with the cut of the stock, and then the wedge-shaped inclined plane is inserted into the cut of the stock, so that the stock is aligned and inosculated with the cambium of the scion.
Test example 1
The grafting rate of the grafted seedlings obtained in example 1 and the control group was observed after 30 days of cuttage, and it was found that the survival rate of the grafted seedlings obtained by the method of example 1 was 96% and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings obtained by the method of the control group was 61%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A high-quality grape grafted seedling breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Stock cultivation: selecting and remaining thick and strong young shoots after the rootstock sprouts in spring, guiding the young shoots to grow in parallel in one direction, wherein the distance between the young shoots is 15cm, and removing subsidiary shoots in the growth process;
2) Continuous grafting: after the base part of the young sprout starts to be semi-lignified, grape branch buds are grafted on the stock in a segmented grafting mode in a bud embedding mode, and continuous grafting is carried out on the original grafting point along with the growth of the stock;
3) Collecting and storing: collecting the rootstock with the scion bud, shearing off the rootstock from the base part of the scion bud, removing tendrils and secondary tips, reserving 90cm branches, bundling, placing in a refrigeration house or an outdoor temporary planting pit after water loss prevention treatment, and covering wet sand;
4) Branch treatment: in spring of the next year, the stored branches are arranged, cut horizontally at a position 3cm above the grafted buds, cut obliquely at a first node 30cm below the grafted buds, bundled, treated with rooting powder at the oblique cut position, and can be cut when the callus is exposed to white;
5) Cutting cultivation: cultivating the branch capable of being cut into container seedlings, cutting the container seedlings into a nursery garden to cultivate 1-year-old seedlings, and outplanting.
2. The method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), in the staged grafting process, the distance between grafted buds is 30cm.
3. The method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the temperature in the refrigerator is 0-5 ℃, and the temperature of the wet sand is not lower than-15 ℃.
4. The method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein only one robust young shoot is reserved in the young shoots germinated on the grafted buds in the step 3).
5. The method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the sorting specifically comprises: and (4) disinfecting the stored branches by using carbendazim, and then soaking the branches in clear water for 24 hours.
6. The method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the carbendazim is 800-fold diluted carbendazim.
7. The method for breeding high-quality grape grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein field management is performed according to a grape seedling production method during the whole seedling raising period.
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2664466A1 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-01-17 | Bidault Frederic | Creation of a bonsai vine in four months |
| CN1985562A (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2007-06-27 | 刘备 | Multiple strain tender sprout grafting sprying method for the same fruit plant |
| JP2009131206A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Okayama Prefecture | Method for raising fruit tree seedling |
| CN106993510A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-01 | 武威市林业科学研究院 | A kind of vinifera batch production stiff wood grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107873290A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-06 | 犍为县九妹家庭农场 | A kind of grape graft technology |
| CN107969237A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-01 | 犍为县九妹家庭农场 | A kind of high-quality grapes selection based on cross-pollination |
-
2022
- 2022-10-10 CN CN202211235063.6A patent/CN115517088A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2664466A1 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-01-17 | Bidault Frederic | Creation of a bonsai vine in four months |
| CN1985562A (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2007-06-27 | 刘备 | Multiple strain tender sprout grafting sprying method for the same fruit plant |
| JP2009131206A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Okayama Prefecture | Method for raising fruit tree seedling |
| CN106993510A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-01 | 武威市林业科学研究院 | A kind of vinifera batch production stiff wood grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107873290A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-06 | 犍为县九妹家庭农场 | A kind of grape graft technology |
| CN107969237A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-05-01 | 犍为县九妹家庭农场 | A kind of high-quality grapes selection based on cross-pollination |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张庆宝等: ""葡萄单削面瓦状芽枝镶嵌嫁接法"", 《林业科技通讯》, no. 7, pages 47 * |
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