CN114982546A - Early-bearing and high-yield planting method for changing macadimia nuts into eucalyptus woodland - Google Patents
Early-bearing and high-yield planting method for changing macadimia nuts into eucalyptus woodland Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in a high yield and early bearing manner, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil improvement: digging holes for planting after cutting down mountains in eucalyptus forest lands, adding 15 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5 kg of lime during backfilling, fully mixing uniformly, filling soil and building a soil pile 8-12 cm higher than the ground; (2) variety mixed breeding: planting Guire No. 1 macadamia nut and other kinds of macadamia nuts according to the proportion of 9: 1. The macadimia nuts are planted in the eucalyptus forest land, so that the ecological environment problems of water and soil loss, soil fertility reduction, biological diversity reduction and the like caused by eucalyptus planting are solved, the macadimia nuts can be planted, early fruiting and high yield are achieved, and the wide economic prospect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of macadimia nut planting, in particular to a method for changing a eucalyptus woodland into a macadimia nut early-bearing high-yield planting method.
Background
According to investigation, after eucalyptus is introduced in China, a plurality of places where eucalyptus is planted, such as natural forests, mixed forests and the like, are damaged in a large range, soil is hardened, barren and desertified, and the growth of surrounding original trees is stopped. The reason is as follows: (1) the water demand is higher: eucalyptus is a fast-growing and high-yield forest, the water demand is high, the underground water level is reduced when the eucalyptus is planted in soil, the soil is hardened after long-time planting, and the desertification phenomenon occurs; (2) the fertilizer demand is higher: eucalyptus has high requirements on fertilizers, and soil fertility is reduced greatly in places where eucalyptus is planted, so that original vegetation is lack of nutrients and dies; (3) hindering the growth of the original crop: the eucalyptus secretes a chemical substance which hinders the growth of other plants during the growth period, and when the eucalyptus is planted in a large range, other peripheral crops cannot grow, so that the ecology is damaged; (4) releasing odor harmful to human body: eucalyptus is non-toxic, but can release a smell harmful to human bodies, is difficult to clean, can pollute water greatly, and can cause great harm to people, poultry and livestock after being drunk. With the continuous expansion of the planting area of eucalyptus, the tree species structure is becoming more and more single, and the large-area planting of eucalyptus causes ecological environment problems such as water and soil loss, soil fertility reduction, biological diversity reduction and the like. The eucalyptus forest is imperative to change into other economic forests.
The macadimia nut is also called macadimia nut, is a fast-growing nut originally produced in macadimia, contains rich calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B1, B2 and amino acid, is rich in monounsaturated fatty acid of more than 84%, has the oil content of about 70% and protein of 9%, enjoys the reputation of 'the dried fruit is queen', has high nutritional value and medicinal value, and is well received by consumers.
The macadimia nuts can enter a harvesting period in the fourth year after being planted, the harvested fruits are easy to harvest, each kilogram of the raw fruits is about 14 yuan, and the deep processing potential is large; the economic benefit is high, the high-yield period can be reached in the seventh year of planting, and the per mu yield value can reach 5600-7000 yuan after the garden with high management level enters the high-yield region; the macadimia nuts are storage-resistant, easy to transport, long in profit period of more than 70 years and wide in economic prospect.
The region suitable for planting macadimia nuts is narrow, the management is extensive, the macadimia nuts are suitable for growth of various soils, but the macadimia nuts grow badly in saline-alkali soil, calcareous soil and poorly drained soil. Because the soil is hardened, the soil fertility is seriously declined and the soil fertility is insufficient when the eucalyptus trees are planted, if the eucalyptus trees are directly planted, the survival rate of the macadamia nut trees is low, the phenomenon of premature senility is easy to generate, and the economic benefit is low. Most macadimia nuts have high self-sterility, and the yield is greatly influenced if the planting layout is unreasonable.
Chinese patent CN110663438B discloses a method for transforming macadamia nut forest from eucalyptus forest, which selects 2 varieties of macadamia nut trees and breeds the macadamia nut trees in a 1:1 manner. The method mainly aims to kill eucalyptus stumps and avoid the premature senility of Australian nut trees by combining water and fertilizer management. But the pollination and fruit bearing rate is still low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for changing the eucalyptus forest land into the macadimia nuts for early bearing and high yield planting, which aims to solve the ecological environment problems of water and soil loss, soil fertility reduction, biological diversity reduction and the like caused by the eucalyptus planting, can realize the macadimia nut planting, enables the macadimia nuts to bear early bearing and high yield and has wide economic prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for changing a eucalyptus forest land into a macadimia nut early-bearing high-yield planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: selecting a hilly or plain eucalyptus forest land with small typhoon, small frost, no water accumulation, a soil layer thickness of more than 1 meter, weak acidity as soil, cutting hills and planting in a cave after cutting down the hills, adding 15 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer during backfilling, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate, scattering 0.5 kg of lime, fully mixing uniformly, filling the soil and building a soil pile 8-12 cm higher than the ground;
(2) variety mixing: planting Guire No. 1 macadamia nut and other kinds of macadamia nuts according to the proportion of 9: 1.
Further, in the step (2), after planting, timely replanting the same variety of the dead seedling with the plant missing after 25-35 days; and after 45-55 days of field planting, applying water and fertilizer once, and applying 25 g of urea, 25 g of potash fertilizer and 10 kg of water to each plant for watering.
Further, in step (2), the other variety macadamia nut is a combination of No. 695, Jw, OC and A16.
Further, in the step (2), the plant spacing is 4-6 m, and the row spacing is 6-8 m.
Further, the method also comprises (3) fertilization management: performing sectional fertilization management on 1-year small trees, 2-3-year small trees, 4-5-year small trees and high-yield trees according to the tree ages:
fertilizing the small trees for 1 year:
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea;
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 2-3 years:
200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 5-10 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing trees in 4-5 years:
500-1000 g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer in the beginning of 1 month
At the bottom of 3 months, 250-500 g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
500-1000 g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 500-1000 g of compound fertilizer and 10-20 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the high-yield trees:
fertilizing before flowering: 1 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 1 month;
fruit retention and strengthening fertilizer: at the bottom of 3 months, 1 jin of compound fertilizer;
fertilizing before fruit: 2 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
and (4) post-fruit fertilizer: at the bottom of 10 months, 20 jin of organic fertilizer and 2 jin of compound fertilizer.
Further, compound fertilizer N-P for 1 month and 10 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 15-15-15; compound fertilizer N-P for 3 and 6 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-8-10.
Further, the decomposed organic fertilizer is fermented pig manure or humic acid type organic fertilizer.
Further, the method also comprises (4) flower promoting treatment: spraying 500-800 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer and 0.2% borax liquid for 2-3 times in the initial flowering stage, and spraying 500-800 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% urea every 10-15 days after flower withering.
Further, the fruit preservation treatment comprises (5): 2-3 of hormone, gibberellic acid, brassinolide and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are selected to be mixed and sprayed.
Furthermore, the using concentration of the hormone is 10-25 ppm, and the using concentration of the gibberellic acid is 10-20 ppm; the concentration of the rutinoside is 0.4-1.0 ppm; the using concentration of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is as follows: 10 to 20 ppm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the current situations that soil hardening, land fertility decline seriously and soil fertility is insufficient after eucalyptus is felled all the time during the planting of the eucalyptus, the organic fertilizer and the calcium superphosphate are applied to the forest land after eucalyptus is felled all the time before macadamia nut planting, the physicochemical condition and the biological characteristics of the soil are improved, the soil is cured, the fertilizer preserving and supplying capacity and the buffering capacity of the soil are enhanced, the sufficient soil nutrient supply of the nut seedlings in the young period is ensured, and a good foundation is laid for early fruiting and high yield of the nuts.
2. Aiming at the characteristic that the macadamia nut has self-sterility for self-pollination and fruit setting, by combining soil planting conditions and the soil improvement condition of a forest region after cutting down by eucalyptus, Guire No. 1 with high early-fruiting yield and strong stress resistance is screened out as a main planting variety for improving the macadamia nut, and meanwhile, the other varieties of the macadamia nut 695, Jw, OC and A16 which are close to the flowering phase are mixed and planted according to the proportion of 9:1, so that the pollination and fruit bearing rate of fruit trees can be improved, the economic benefit period is reached 1 year ahead of the fixed value of the conventional grafted seedlings, the single variety planting is realized after the macadamia nut enters the production period to obtain higher unit area yield, the investment year limit is shortened, the higher unit area yield is obtained with the same project investment cost, the market competitiveness is improved, and the sustainable and healthy development of the macadamia nut planting industry is promoted. According to the seed mixing proportion, the fruit trees have better spacing, the self-sterile can be avoided, better ventilation and lighting effects are achieved, and the technical effect of early bearing and high yield of nuts is achieved.
3. According to the method, the feasible and sustainable development conditions for carrying out macadamia nut planting in the eucalyptus forest land are researched around factors such as terrain topography, soil texture, soil thickness and underground water level, the eucalyptus forest land meeting the conditions of soil pH value, soil thickness, underground water level and the like is selected for carrying out the improvement and growth of the macadamia nuts, and a good foundation is further laid for early fruiting and high yield of the nuts.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiment.
Example 1
A method for changing a eucalyptus forest land into a macadimia nut early-bearing high-yield planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: selecting a small typhoon, a small frost, no water accumulation, a soil layer with thickness more than 1 m, an underground water level within 1 m, a weakly acidic hilly or plain eucalyptus woodland, digging holes for planting after felling a hill, adding 15 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5 kg of lime during backfilling, fully mixing uniformly, filling soil and building a soil pile which is about 10 cm higher than the ground;
(2) variety mixed breeding: carrying out mixed planting on the Guire No. 1 macadimia nuts, No. 695, Jw, OC and A16, wherein the Guire No. 1 macadimia nuts and other varieties are subjected to field planting according to the proportion of 9: 1; the plant spacing is 4 meters and the row spacing is 7 meters; after 25 days of field planting, timely replanting the same variety of the dead seedlings with the missing plants; after 45 days of field planting, applying water and fertilizer once, and applying 25 g of urea, 25 g of potash fertilizer and 10 kg of water for each plant;
(3) fertilization management:
fertilizing the small trees for 1 year:
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea;
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 2 years:
200gg compound fertilizer and 40g urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 200g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
200g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 200g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 3 years:
300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
300g of compound fertilizer and 10 jin of organic fertilizer at the bottom of 10 months;
fertilizing trees in 4 years:
500g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 1 month
At the end of 3 months, 250g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
500g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 500g of compound fertilizer and 10 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing trees in 5 years:
1000g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer in the beginning of 1 month
At the end of 3 months, 500g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
1000g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 20 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing a high-yield tree:
fertilizing before flowering: 1 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 1 month;
fruit retention and strengthening fertilizer: at the bottom of 3 months, 1 jin of compound fertilizer;
and (3) pre-fruit fertilizer: 2 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
and (4) post-fruit fertilizer: at the bottom of 10 months, 20 jin of organic fertilizer and 2 jin of compound fertilizer;
wherein the compound fertilizer N-P is used in 1 month and 10 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 15-15-15; compound fertilizer N-P for 3 and 6 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-8-10;
the organic fertilizer is humic acid type organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) flower promoting treatment: spraying 500 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer and 0.2% borax liquid for 3 times in the initial flowering stage, and spraying 500 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% urea every 10 days after flower withering;
(5) fruit preservation treatment: 2 kinds of gibberellic acid and brassinolide are selected to be mixed and sprayed; the gibberellic acid is used at a concentration of 20 ppm; the concentration of the used rutinoside is 0.4 ppm.
Example 2
A method for changing a eucalyptus forest land into a macadimia nut early-bearing high-yield planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: selecting a small typhoon, a small frost, no water accumulation, a soil layer with thickness more than 1 m, an underground water level within 1 m, a weakly acidic hilly or plain eucalyptus woodland, digging holes for planting after felling a hill, adding 15 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5 kg of lime during backfilling, fully mixing uniformly, filling soil and building a soil pile which is about 10 cm higher than the ground;
(2) variety mixed breeding: carrying out mixed planting on the Guire No. 1 macadimia nuts, No. 695, Jw, OC and A16, wherein the Guire No. 1 macadimia nuts and other varieties are subjected to field planting according to the proportion of 9: 1; the plant spacing is 5 meters and the row spacing is 6 meters; after 30 days of field planting, timely replanting the same variety of the dead seedlings with the plants lacking; 50 days after planting, applying water and fertilizer once, and applying 25 g of urea, 25 g of potash fertilizer and 10 kg of water for each plant;
(3) fertilization management:
fertilizing the small trees for 1 year:
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea;
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 2 years:
200gg compound fertilizer and 40g urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 200g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
200g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 200g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 3 years:
300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
300g of compound fertilizer and 10 jin of organic fertilizer at the bottom of 10 months;
fertilizing trees in 4 years:
500g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer in the beginning of 1 month
At the end of 3 months, 250g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
500g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 500g of compound fertilizer and 10 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing trees in 5 years:
1000g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer in the beginning of 1 month
At the end of 3 months, 500g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
1000g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 20 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing a high-yield tree:
fertilizing before flowering: 1 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 1 month;
fruit retention and strengthening fertilizer: at the bottom of 3 months, 1 jin of compound fertilizer;
fertilizing before fruit: 2 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
and (4) post-fruit fertilizer: at the bottom of 10 months, 20 jin of organic fertilizer and 2 jin of compound fertilizer;
wherein, the compound fertilizer N-P is used for 1 month and 10 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 15-15-15; compound fertilizer N-P for 3 and 6 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-8-10;
the organic fertilizer is fermented pig manure;
(4) flower promoting treatment: spraying 800 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer and 0.2% borax liquid for 2 times in the initial flowering stage, and spraying 800 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% urea every 12 days after the flowers are withered;
(5) fruit preservation treatment: 3 kinds of hormone, gibberellic acid and brassinolide are selected to be mixed and sprayed; the hormone use concentration is 10ppm, and the gibberellic acid use concentration is 10 ppm; the concentration of the used rutinoside is 1.0 ppm.
Example 3
A method for changing a eucalyptus forest land into a macadimia nut early-bearing high-yield planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: selecting a small typhoon, a small frost, no water accumulation, a soil layer more than 1 meter thick, a ground water level within 1 meter, a weakly acidic hilly or plain eucalyptus forest land, cutting down a clear mountain, digging holes for planting, adding 15 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 kilogram of calcium superphosphate during backfilling, scattering 0.5 kilogram of lime, fully mixing uniformly, filling and building a soil pile which is about 10 centimeters higher than the ground;
(2) variety mixed breeding: carrying out mixed planting on the Guire No. 1 macadimia nuts, No. 695, Jw, OC and A16, wherein the Guire No. 1 macadimia nuts and other varieties are subjected to field planting according to the proportion of 9: 1; the plant spacing is 6 meters and the row spacing is 8 meters; after 35 days of field planting, timely replanting the same variety of the dead seedlings with the plants; after field planting, 55 days, applying water and fertilizer once, wherein each plant is applied with 25 g of urea, 25 g of potash fertilizer and 10 kg of water for watering;
(3) fertilization management:
fertilizing small trees for 1 year:
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea;
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 2 years:
200gg compound fertilizer and 40g urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 200g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
200g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 200g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 3 years:
300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
300g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
300g of compound fertilizer and 10 jin of organic fertilizer at the bottom of 10 months;
fertilizing trees in 4 years:
500g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer in the beginning of 1 month
At the end of 3 months, 250g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
500g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 500g of compound fertilizer and 10 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing trees in 5 years:
1000g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer in the beginning of 1 month
At the end of 3 months, 500g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
1000g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 1000g of compound fertilizer and 20 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the high-yield trees:
fertilizing before flowering: 1 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 1 month;
fruit retention and strengthening fertilizer: at the bottom of 3 months, 1 jin of compound fertilizer;
fertilizing before fruit: 2 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
and (4) post-fruit fertilizer: at the bottom of 10 months, 20 jin of organic fertilizer and 2 jin of compound fertilizer;
wherein, the compound fertilizer N-P is used for 1 month and 10 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 15-15-15; compound fertilizer N-P for 3 and 6 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-8-10;
the organic fertilizer is humic acid type organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) flower promoting treatment: spraying 600 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer and 0.2% borax liquid for 3 times in the initial flowering period, and spraying 600 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% urea every 15 days after the flowers are withered;
(5) fruit preservation treatment: 2 kinds of gibberellic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are selected to be mixed and sprayed; the gibberellic acid is used at a concentration of 20 ppm; the concentration of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate used is as follows: 20 ppm.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as in comparative example 2 except that in step (2), the seed mixing ratio was 8: 1.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in comparative example 2 except that in step (2), the seed-mixing ratio was 7: 1.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as in comparative example 2 except that in step (2), the seed-mixing ratio was 6: 1.
Comparative example 4
Substantially the same as in comparative example 2 except that in step (2), the seed mixing ratio was 10: 1.
Comparative example 5
Substantially the same as in comparative example 2 except that in step (2), the seed mixing ratio was 11: 1.
Comparative example 6
Substantially the same as in comparative example 2 except that in step (2), the seed mixing ratio was 12: 1.
Comparative example 7
Basically the same as the comparative example 2, except that in the step (2), the conventional grafting and field planting are carried out on the single variety of Guire No. 1 macadimia nuts.
In the above examples and comparative examples:
double Plough humic acid type organic fertilizer produced by Guangxi Shang agricultural biological science and technology Limited company;
the calcium superphosphate fertilizer is granular calcium superphosphate produced by Chuming phosphorization limited company in Zhongxiang city;
the compound fertilizer is produced by Standby agriculture group Limited company;
the amino acid foliar fertilizer is a Yishabang amino acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Italy Xijie group.
Comparative experiment
1. Planting place: han Congjun forest region of land Han town slope village in Wuming district of Nanning city.
2. Planting time: year 2011 10 months to year 2019 10 months.
3. Selecting a land block with the same conditions in all aspects, dividing the land block into 10 areas, wherein each area is 1 mu and the total area is 10 mu, planting the macadimia nuts by adopting the planting methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7 respectively, and counting the result time and the yield of each area, wherein the results are shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the above table, by using the planting methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 of the present invention, fruiting starts in the 4 th year, which is one year earlier than comparative example 7 of conventional grafted seedling field planting, and the plant yield and fresh fruit weight average are significantly higher than comparative example 7; the method for the hybrid planting of the varieties can improve the pollination and fruit bearing rate of the fruit trees. The yield of the plants and the weight average of the fresh fruits in the examples 1-3 are higher than those in the comparative examples 1-6, which shows that the optimal planting effect can be obtained under the mixed planting proportion of the invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The early-bearing and high-yield planting method for changing the seeds of the macadimia nuts in the eucalyptus woodland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: digging holes for planting after cutting down mountains in eucalyptus forest lands, adding 15 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5 kg of lime during backfilling, fully mixing uniformly, filling soil and building a soil pile 8-12 cm higher than the ground;
(2) variety mixing: planting Guire No. 1 macadamia nut and other kinds of macadamia nuts according to the proportion of 9: 1.
2. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), after planting, the same variety is replanted to the dead seedling lack plants in time 25-35 days; and after 45-55 days of field planting, applying water and fertilizer once, and applying 25 g of urea, 25 g of potash fertilizer and 10 kg of water to each plant for watering.
3. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the other variety of macadamia nut is a combination of No. 695, No. Jw, No. OC and No. A16.
4. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the plant spacing is 4-6 meters, and the row spacing is 6-8 meters.
5. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: further comprising (3) fertilization management: performing sectional fertilization management on 1-year small trees, 2-3-year small trees, 4-5-year small trees and high-yield trees according to the tree ages:
fertilizing the small trees for 1 year:
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea;
50g of compound fertilizer and 20g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 50g of compound fertilizer and 5 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the small trees for 2-3 years:
200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 1 month;
at the end of 3 months, 200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea;
200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 40g of urea at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 200-300 g of compound fertilizer and 5-10 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing trees in 4-5 years:
500-1000 g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer in the beginning of 1 month
At the bottom of 3 months, 250-500 g of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer;
500-1000 g of compound fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
at the bottom of 10 months, 500-1000 g of compound fertilizer and 10-20 jin of organic fertilizer;
fertilizing the high-yield trees:
fertilizing before flowering: 1 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 1 month;
fruit retention and strengthening fertilizer: at the bottom of 3 months, 1 jin of compound fertilizer;
fertilizing before fruit: 2 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.5 jin of potash fertilizer at the beginning of 6 months;
and (4) post-fruit fertilizer: at the bottom of 10 months, 20 jin of organic fertilizer and 2 jin of compound fertilizer.
6. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: compound fertilizer N-P for 1 month and 10 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 15-15-15; compound fertilizer N-P for 3 and 6 months 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-8-10.
7. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the decomposed organic fertilizer is fermented pig manure or humic acid type organic fertilizer.
8. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) flower promoting treatment: spraying 500-800 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer and 0.2% borax liquid for 2-3 times in the initial flowering stage, and spraying 500-800 times of liquid amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate and 0.1% urea every 10-15 days after flower withering.
9. The method for planting macadimia nuts in eucalyptus forest land in high yield and early bearing manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: further comprises (5) fruit preservation treatment: 2-3 of hormone, gibberellic acid, brassinolide and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are selected to be mixed and sprayed.
10. The eucalyptus woodland modified macadimia nut early-fruiting and high-yield planting method according to claim 9, wherein: the using concentration of the hormone is 10-25 ppm, and the using concentration of the gibberellic acid is 10-20 ppm; the concentration of the rutinoside is 0.4-1.0 ppm; the using concentration of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is as follows: 10 to 20 ppm.
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