CN113728865A - Comprehensive management method for promoting flower and protecting fruit of macadimia nuts - Google Patents
Comprehensive management method for promoting flower and protecting fruit of macadimia nuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN113728865A CN113728865A CN202111122365.8A CN202111122365A CN113728865A CN 113728865 A CN113728865 A CN 113728865A CN 202111122365 A CN202111122365 A CN 202111122365A CN 113728865 A CN113728865 A CN 113728865A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- -1 compound sodium nitrophenolate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940031826 phenolate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015709 bud dormancy process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- SCFXRRMXMMHURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O SCFXRRMXMMHURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OORLTLMFPORJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OORLTLMFPORJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005089 fruit drop Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- ILWYCAHTLKYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol;sodium Chemical compound [Na].COC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1O ILWYCAHTLKYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004163 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000626 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011869 dried fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive management method for flower and fruit promotion of macadimia nuts, which is mainly characterized in that paclobutrazol and gibberellin are sprayed in the early stage of flower bud differentiation to control tips and promote flowers, compound sodium nitrophenolate, amino acid foliar fertilizer, borax and monopotassium phosphate are sprayed in the initial flowering stage, compound sodium nitrophenolate, brassin, borax, amino acid foliar fertilizer and bee wax water are sprayed in the full flowering stage, and compound fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer are applied in the initial fruit setting stage. According to the method, exogenous agents are used for promoting bud tillering and improving plant cell growth and improving flowering rate and plant resistance in a flower bud differentiation period of the macadimia nuts, agents capable of promoting plant growth speed are sprayed in an initial flowering period and a full flowering period, flower bud dormancy is broken, stigmatization is improved, pollination rate is further improved by spraying bee wax water, and accordingly pollination fertilization and fruit setting rate of the macadimia nuts can be effectively improved, and fruit yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a comprehensive management method for flower promotion and fruit retention of macadimia nuts.
Background
Macadamia nut is also called macadamia nut, is rich in nutrition, fine and smooth in taste and excellent in flavor, and enjoys the reputation of being "the dried fruit is queen". In recent years, as the planting area of macadimia nuts is continuously enlarged and the yield value is rapidly increased, the macadimia nut planting is listed as a key industry for developing poverty-weakening and hardness-attacking actions in a new stage.
Macadamia nut flowers are inflorescences with a general shape, amphoteric flowers and stamen first-maturing flowers, are generally self-pollinated, but have a large degree of self-sterility. In production, poor pollination and fertilization is recognized as one of the important reasons of low fruit setting rate and low yield of the macadimia nuts, and pollen activity and stigma pollination are the prerequisite guarantee for the fruit trees to complete pollination and fertilization. Most macadamia nuts bloom in large quantities every year, but only 0-2% of flowers grow into fruits finally, and the rest more than 98% of flowers fall off successively in the post-flowering (early stage) or young fruit development stage (later stage), so that excessive flower and fruit fall affect the yield and benefit and can weaken the tree vigor of fruit trees. The main reasons for early flower and fruit drop are poor fertilization or no fertilization, or embryo dysplasia; the main reason for fruit drop in the later period is that the tree has less nutrient substances stored therein and insufficient supply of fruit; or imbalance in the ratio of vegetative growth to reproductive growth; or pest damage, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the macadimia nuts, the invention provides a comprehensive management method for promoting flower and protecting fruit of the macadimia nuts, which solves the problem of excessive flower and fruit drop of the macadimia nuts, improves the yield, increases the benefit and keeps the trees healthy and strong.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive management method for flower promoting and fruit retention of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying 1.0-1.5L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.0-1.2L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadamia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 10-20 kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;
(2) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of 0.1% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.5-0.6L of 0.1% concentration borax and 0.2-0.5L of 0.1% concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each fruit tree at the beginning of 2 months in the flowering period of macadimia nuts;
(3) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.5-1.0L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5-0.8L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0-1.2L of beeswax water in the full-bloom stage of macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;
(4) in the initial stage of fruit setting of the macadimia nuts in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.5-0.8L are applied to each fruit tree.
The invention improves the activity, stigma receptivity and fruit setting rate of macadamia nut pollen by applying an exogenous fruit retention agent.
Spraying paclobutrazol and gibberellin at the early stage of flower bud differentiation, promoting bud tillering, improving plant cell activity and improving tree carbohydrate level (starch and soluble sugar content), wherein the gibberellin has the most prominent effect of accelerating cell elongation, can improve the content of auxin in a plant body, has a promoting effect on cell division, and can promote cell expansion, so that the macadamia nut can germinate and bloom more; meanwhile, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied to promote the growth of the nut plants and improve the disease resistance of the plants.
Spraying compound sodium nitrophenolate in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, and after the compound sodium nitrophenolate is absorbed by plants, the C/N ratio of the plants can be adjusted, so that the plants have disease resistance, the plants are robust, the stress resistance of the plants is enhanced, the growth speed of macadamia nuts can be accelerated, the dormancy of flower buds is broken, the stigmatization is improved, the flower and fruit dropping is prevented, and the yield of the nuts is improved. Brassinolide is one of steroid compounds with high biological activity, is widely present in plants, and can promote vegetative growth and facilitate fertilization in each stage of plant growth and development. The artificially synthesized brassinolide has high activity, can be absorbed by leaves, stems and roots of plants and then is conducted to the acting parts, so that the activity of RNA polymerase can be increased, the content of RNA and DNA can be increased, the potential difference of cell membranes and the activity of ATP enzyme can be increased, and the effect of auxin (gibberellin and paclobutrazol) can be enhanced. At very low concentrations, brassin significantly increases vegetative growth and promotes fertilization in plants.
The beeswax water can attract bees, thereby promoting pollen propagation and improving pollination and fertilization; the foliar fertilizer is used for promoting the photosynthesis of plants and improving the fruit setting rate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy sodium phenolate, o-nitrophenol sodium and p-nitrophenol sodium according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.2) to (2-3) to (3-4).
As a further improvement of the invention, the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: chicken manure 6070 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate 5-10 parts, potassium sulfate 3-5 parts, bone meal 3-5 parts, urea 5-10 parts, lime 0.5 part and boron, iron and zinc trace elements 0.5 part.
As a further improvement of the invention, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the management method, exogenous agents are used for promoting bud tillering and improving plant cell growth in the flower bud differentiation period of the macadimia nuts, the flowering rate and the plant resistance are improved, agents capable of promoting the plant growth speed are sprayed in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, flower bud dormancy is broken, stigma pollination is improved, and meanwhile, bee wax water is sprayed to further improve the pollination rate, so that the pollination fertilization and fruit setting rates of the macadimia nuts can be effectively improved, and the fruit yield is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Planting 100 macadimia nut varieties 695# according to a conventional planting mode, and then performing the following management method:
(1) spraying 1.0L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.0L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadimia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 10kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;
(2) spraying 0.8L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5L of 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.5L of 0.1% borax and 0.2L of 0.1% monopotassium phosphate to each fruit tree in the beginning of the flower period of the macadimia nuts at the beginning of 2 months;
(3) spraying 0.8L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.5L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0L of beeswax water 1000 times liquid to each fruit tree in the full bloom stage of the macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;
(4) in the initial stage of macadamia nut setting in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.5L are applied to each fruit tree.
The compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy-phenol sodium, o-nitrophenol sodium and p-nitrophenol sodium according to the mass ratio of 0.8:2: 3.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of chicken manure, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.
The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.
Example 2
Planting 100 macadimia nut varieties of Guire No. 1 according to a conventional planting mode, and then performing the following management method:
(1) spraying 1.5L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.2L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadimia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 20kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowering;
(2) in the beginning of flower period of macadamia nuts at 2 months, 1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.8L of 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.6L of 0.1% borax and 0.5L of 0.1% monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on each fruit tree;
(3) spraying 1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.8L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 1.0L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.2L of beeswax water 1000 times liquid to each fruit tree in the full bloom stage of the macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;
(4) in the initial stage of macadamia nut setting in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.8L are applied to each fruit tree.
The compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy-phenol sodium, o-nitrophenol sodium and p-nitrophenol sodium according to the mass ratio of 1.2:3: 4.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.
The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.
Example 3
Planting 100 macadimia nut varieties 788# according to a conventional planting mode, and then performing the following management method:
(1) spraying 1.2L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.1L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadimia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 16kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;
(2) spraying 0.9L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.6L of 0.1% amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.55L of 0.1% borax and 0.3L of 0.1% monopotassium phosphate to each fruit tree in the beginning of the flower period of the macadimia nuts at the beginning of 2 months;
(3) spraying 0.9L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.6L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.8L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.7L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0-1.2L of beeswax water in the full-bloom stage of the macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;
(4) in the initial stage of macadamia nut fruit setting in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.7L are applied to each fruit tree.
The compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy sodium phenolate, o-sodium nitrophenolate and p-sodium nitrophenolate according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.2) to (2-3) to (3-4).
The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.
The compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.
The statistics of pollen viability, stigma receptivity and fruit set rate of macadamia nuts managed in examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Note: , + + + + indicates that the stigma is permissive strong, + + indicates that the stigma has permissive property, + indicates that the stigma is permissive weak.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the macadimia nuts managed by the flower and fruit promoting comprehensive management method for the macadimia nuts have strong pollen activity of the macadimia nuts of different varieties, have permissibility on stigmas and have high fruit setting rate.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A comprehensive management method for flower promoting and fruit retention of macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) spraying 1.0-1.5L of paclobutrazol 1000-fold liquid and 1.0-1.2L of gibberellin 2000-fold liquid with the concentration of 25% on each fruit tree in the early stage of flower bud differentiation of macadamia nuts in 10-11 months, and simultaneously applying 10-20 kg of organic fertilizer and 1kg of compound fertilizer to control tips and promote flowers;
(2) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of 0.1% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer, 0.5-0.6L of 0.1% concentration borax and 0.2-0.5L of 0.1% concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each fruit tree at the beginning of 2 months in the flowering period of macadimia nuts;
(3) spraying 0.8-1.0L of compound sodium nitrophenolate 2000 times liquid, 0.5-0.8L of brassin 2000 times liquid, 0.5-1.0L of 0.1% concentration borax, 0.5-0.8L of 0.2% concentration amino acid foliar fertilizer and 1.0-1.2L of beeswax water in the full-bloom stage of macadamia nuts at the bottom of 2 months;
(4) in the initial stage of fruit setting of the macadimia nuts in the early 4 months, 1kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer of 0.5-0.8L are applied to each fruit tree.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the compound sodium nitrophenolate is prepared from 5-nitro-o-methoxy sodium phenolate, o-sodium nitrophenolate and p-sodium nitrophenolate according to the mass ratio of (0.8-1.2) to (2-3) to (3-4).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of urea, 0.5 part of lime and 0.5 part of trace elements of ferroboron and zinc.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 15:8: 20.
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| CN117736027A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2024-03-22 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Flower and fruit preserving liquid for Australian nut trees based on supplementary pollination |
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