CN111440019A - Blueberry water-soluble fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a blueberry water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation and application method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fertilizer manufacturing, wherein the blueberry water-soluble fertilizer comprises ① microelements including 40-60 parts of citric acid, 1-2 parts of tartaric acid, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of copper sulfate and the like, ② macroelements including 180 parts of clear water, 35-50 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 40-60 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of diammonium phosphate and 10-16 parts of ammonium sulfate.

Description

Blueberry water-soluble fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer manufacturing, in particular to a blueberry water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation and application method thereof.

Background

The blueberry is perennial fallen leaves or evergreen shrubs, and has unique fruit flavor and rich nutrition. At present, the countries with larger planting area of the blueberries in the world have the America, the Chilean, the Canada, the Poland, the Netherlands, the Japan and the like, and the main planting fields of the blueberries in China are widely distributed and are mainly distributed in northeast regions, inner Mongolia, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou and the like.

The blueberry planting has strict requirements on climate, soil acidity and alkalinity and soil organic matter.

The root system of the blueberry is special, is fibrous and has no root hair, and under a natural state, the root system and mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic to form mycorrhiza, so that the problem that the water and nutrient absorption capacity of the blueberry root system is poor due to the fact that no root hair exists is solved. The blueberries usually grow well in slightly acidic sandy loam or turfy soil with loose soil, good ventilation, moisture and high organic matter content, and are not suitable for being cultivated in sticky and hardened soil or drought soil and soil with low organic matter content.

The fertilizer demand of the blueberries is far lower than that of other fruit trees or berries, the leaves of the blueberries contain higher N and lower P, K, Ca and Mg, and the content of Mn in the leaves has a wider proper range. Blueberries belong to N plants in an ammonium state and have stronger absorption capacity to NH4+ -N in soil than NO3-N, so that the blueberry is mainly fertilized by ammonium nitrogen, nutrient antagonism and synergism exist among various elements of the plants, and the content of N, P, K in the blueberry trees can be obviously increased by adding N fertilizer into the soil, but the contents of Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu and B are reduced; excessive P inhibits the absorption and accumulation of Fe by the blueberries, thereby causing Fe deficiency, so that the relationship between the element ropes must be considered when a fertilization plan is made.

In addition, the blueberries can grow healthily in an acid medium, the requirement on soil is high, the pH value suitable for the soil is 4.0-5.5, the optimal pH value is 4.5-4.8, the plant is strong acid, the pH value of the soil has obvious influence on the growth and yield of the blueberries, and the blueberry is often lack of iron and lose green, the growth is weak and the yield is reduced due to overhigh pH value (more than 5.5) of the soil; when the pH value is too low (less than or equal to 4.0), heavy metal elements such as platinum, zinc, copper, aluminum, manganese and the like are excessively absorbed and poisoned. And the supplementary coordination of various elements is required to be carried out in a targeted manner.

In addition, the main functions of soil organic matters are to improve the soil structure, loosen the soil, promote the root development, maintain the water and nutrients in the soil and prevent the loss. The content of organic matters in the soil is a main condition for the growth of the blueberries, and the blueberries can grow healthily only in the soil with the organic matter content of 3-5%.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a blueberry water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation and application method thereof, which can promote the strong growth of blueberries, enhance the resistance of the blueberries, improve the quality of the blueberries, facilitate the integration of water and fertilizer, reduce the production and labor costs, increase the planting benefits of the blueberries and are suitable for large-area popularization and application of the blueberries.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme that the blueberry water-soluble fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components:

① microelements, including 40-60 parts of citric acid, 1-2 parts of tartaric acid, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of copper sulfate, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 0.01-0.05 part of sodium molybdate and 30-50 parts of hot water;

② macroelements including 180 parts of water 230, 35-50 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 40-60 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of diammonium phosphate and 10-16 parts of ammonium sulfate.

In the formula:

① citric acid can improve the alkalinity of soil, citric acid can be used for acidifying soil, and it can improve the absorption of plant to iron because of the hydrogen ion generated by citric acid after hydrolysis, but it can only take effect to soil surface layer or in short time because citric acid is easy to volatilize, and the alkaline substance in soil is released slowly, in order to achieve the purpose of changing soil environment for a long time, the ferrous sulfate which releases acidic substance slowly is added in the formula, after it is applied into soil, the ferrous sulfate will decompose slowly to generate iron ion and sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid is strong acid, it can neutralize the alkaline substance, and the ferrous sulfate character is stable, it is not easy to generate harm.

② the citric acid is used together with ferrous sulfate to supplement iron, the citric acid chelates iron ion and prevents the generation of ferric oxide precipitate, the ferrous sulfate contains 19-20% of iron, the sulfur is 11.5%, it is a good iron fertilizer, it can prevent and cure yellow spot for acid-loving plants, because the iron element is necessary to form plant chlorophyll, when the iron is deficient, the chlorophyll is blocked to make the plant produce green deficiency, the leaves turn into light yellow, the water solution of ferrous sulfate can directly provide iron which can be absorbed and used by the plant and can reduce the alkalinity of soil, meanwhile, the ferrous sulfate can be used as pesticide to prevent and cure wheat smut, apple and pear scab, fruit tree rot, or as fertilizer to remove pests such as green moss on blueberry plants.

③ tartaric acid can be complexed with various metal ions, can effectively remove heavy metal ions in the exchange state and the carbonate binding state in the polluted soil, and obviously reduce heavy metal ions in the oxide binding state.

④ manganese sulfate is a trace element needed by crops for synthesizing fatty acid, so it can be used as fertilizer to be applied to soil for increasing yield.

⑤ Zinc is an obligate activating ion of carbonic anhydrase in plant chlorophyll, which can catalyze hydration of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, and Zinc is an activator of aldolase, which is one of key enzymes in photosynthesis process

⑥ boric acid contains boron which has three effects on the physiological process of crops, namely, the promotion effect of boron can promote the running of carbohydrate, the boron content in the plant body is proper, the organic matter supply of each organ of the crops can be improved, the crops can grow normally, the setting rate and the fruit setting rate are improved, the special effect of boron on the fertilization process is realized, the amount of boron in pollen can stimulate the germination of pollen and the elongation of pollen tubes by the maximum content of stigmas and ovaries, the pollination can be carried out smoothly, the regulation effect of boron can regulate the formation and running of organic acid in the plant body, the organic acid is accumulated in roots when boron is lacked, the cell differentiation and the growth of root tip meristem are inhibited, the occurrence of cockamazing is caused, the root necrosis is caused, and the effect of boron can also enhance the drought resistance and the disease resistance of the crops and promote the early ripening of the crops.

⑦ the potassium sulfate in the formula provides K element required by blueberry growth, the ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulfate provide N element, the diammonium phosphate provides N element and P element, and the diammonium phosphate is alkaline after being dissolved in water, so that the pH value of soil can be adjusted by coordinating citric acid.

A preparation process of a blueberry water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps of preparing the blueberry water-soluble fertilizer by using citric acid, ferrous sulfate, tartaric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and other major and trace elements according to a certain proportion:

① trace element preparation, which is prepared by adding 40-60kg of citric acid, 1-2kg of tartaric acid, 1-3kg of ferrous sulfate, 300g of manganese sulfate, 400g of zinc sulfate, 500g of copper sulfate, 1000g of boric acid and 10-50 g of sodium molybdate into 30-50kg of hot water and stirring and dissolving;

② preparing macroelements by mixing 180 kg of clear water with 35-50kg of potassium sulfate, 8-15kg of ammonium nitrate, 40-60kg of urea, 15-20kg of diammonium phosphate and 10-16kg of ammonium sulfate and dissolving;

③ the prepared trace elements are added into the macroelement preparation solution for use.

The application method of the blueberry water-soluble fertilizer has the advantages that the water-insoluble substance content of the water-soluble fertilizer is 3% -8%, direct irrigation is avoided by adopting drip irrigation and spray irrigation, and the steps are as follows:

① the one-time application area of the prepared water-soluble fertilizer is 100-120 mu;

② when drip irrigation or spray irrigation is performed, clear water is introduced into the pipeline, and the prepared water soluble fertilizer is introduced after the pipeline is filled with water;

③ fertilizing time is 2-3 hours, keeping the soil layer moist within 20-40 cm;

④, immediately introducing clean water after fertilization, continuously keeping for 40-60 minutes, and completely discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline to the field;

⑤ the fertilizer is applied to the blueberry plants which are transplanted in 3 years into the full bearing age, the first fertilizer is applied from 3 months every year, the fertilizer is applied at intervals of 20-30 days later, the fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion and the preparation method every time, and the fertilizer is applied 8-9 times in the whole year.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the invention can ensure the macroelements required by the growth of blueberries, supplement the microelements, keep the pH value of soil between 4.5 and 5.5, promote the strong growth of blueberry trees, enhance the resistance of the blueberries, improve the quality of the blueberries, facilitate the integration of water and fertilizer, reduce the production and labor cost, increase the planting benefits of the blueberries and be suitable for large-area popularization and application of the blueberries.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples.

A blueberry water soluble fertilizer comprises the following components of trace elements including 50kg of citric acid, 1667g of tartaric acid, 2kg of ferrous sulfate, 200 g of manganese sulfate, 300g of zinc sulfate, 267g of copper sulfate, 533g of boric acid, 33g of sodium molybdate and 30kg of hot water; macroelements, including 42kg of potassium sulfate, 11.5kg of ammonium nitrate, 47.5kg of urea, 18.4kg of diammonium phosphate, 14kg of ammonium sulfate and 200kg of clear water.

Mixing after preparing for several times, and the specific steps are as follows: preparing trace elements: 50kg of citric acid, 1667g of tartaric acid, 2kg of ferrous sulfate, 200 g of manganese sulfate, 300g of zinc sulfate, 267g of copper sulfate, 533g of boric acid and 33g of sodium molybdate are added into 30kg of hot water and stirred for dissolution to obtain the product; preparing macroelements: adding 42kg of potassium sulfate, 11.5kg of ammonium nitrate, 47.5kg of urea, 18.4kg of diammonium phosphate and 14kg of ammonium sulfate into 200kg of clean water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the fertilizer; adding the prepared trace elements into the macroelement preparation solution, and using the solution as it is.

Fertilizing by adopting a drip irrigation mode, comprising the following steps: the one-time application area of the prepared water-soluble fertilizer is 120 mu; when fertigation is performed, clear water is introduced into the pipeline firstly, and the prepared water-soluble fertilizer is introduced after the pipeline is filled with water; fertilizing time is 2-3 hours, and the soil layer is kept moist within 20-40 cm in depth; after the fertilization is finished, immediately introducing clear water, continuously keeping for 40-60 minutes, and completely discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline into the field; the fertilizer is applied to blueberry plants which are transplanted into full bearing age for 3 years, the first fertilizer is applied from 3 months every year, the fertilizer is applied at intervals of 20-30 days later, and the fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion and the preparation method every time, and is applied 8-9 times in the whole year.

In order to better illustrate the effect of the water soluble fertilizer, three-year-old blueberry seedlings are planted in pots with a diameter of 30cm, the water soluble fertilizer and a common fertilizer are applied to one group and two groups respectively, the application amount of the water soluble fertilizer is 3-5 kg per mu, the test time is 3 months, the water soluble fertilizer is applied once every 20 days, the same daily management, the same fertilization method and the same soil environment are found according to test records, the blueberry plants using the water soluble fertilizer are stronger than other plants, the leaf color is emerald green, the pest and disease damage phenomenon is less, the flower and fruit phenomenon is earlier than other treatments, and the fruit period and the disease resistance are obvious in terms of leaf color, leaf size, plant later-stage growth height and flower color.

Claims (3)

1. The blueberry water-soluble fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components:

① microelements, including 40-60 parts of citric acid, 1-2 parts of tartaric acid, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.4 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of copper sulfate, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 0.01-0.05 part of sodium molybdate and 30-50 parts of hot water;

② macroelements including 180 parts of water 230, 35-50 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 40-60 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of diammonium phosphate and 10-16 parts of ammonium sulfate.

2. A preparation process of a blueberry water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps of preparing the blueberry water-soluble fertilizer by using citric acid, ferrous sulfate, tartaric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and other major and trace elements according to a certain proportion:

① trace element preparation, which is prepared by adding 40-60kg of citric acid, 1-2kg of tartaric acid, 1-3kg of ferrous sulfate, 300g of manganese sulfate, 400g of zinc sulfate, 500g of copper sulfate, 1000g of boric acid and 10-50 g of sodium molybdate into 30-50kg of hot water and stirring and dissolving;

② preparing macroelements by mixing 180 kg of clear water with 35-50kg of potassium sulfate, 8-15kg of ammonium nitrate, 40-60kg of urea, 15-20kg of diammonium phosphate and 10-16kg of ammonium sulfate and dissolving;

③ the prepared trace elements are added into the macroelement preparation solution for use.

3. The application method of the blueberry water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claims 1 and 2 is characterized in that the water-insoluble content of the water-soluble fertilizer is 3% -8%, direct application by drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation is avoided, and the steps are as follows:

① the one-time application area of the prepared water-soluble fertilizer is 100-120 mu;

② when drip irrigation or spray irrigation is performed, clear water is introduced into the pipeline, and the prepared water soluble fertilizer is introduced after the pipeline is filled with water;

③ fertilizing time is 2-3 hours, keeping the soil layer moist within 20-40 cm;

④, introducing clean water immediately after fertilization, keeping for 40-60 minutes, and discharging all fertilizer liquid remaining in the pipeline into the field;

⑤ the fertilizer is applied to the blueberry plants which are transplanted in 3 years into the full bearing age, the first fertilizer is applied from 3 months every year, the fertilizer is applied at intervals of 20-30 days later, the fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion and the preparation method every time, and the fertilizer is applied 8-9 times in the whole year.