CN110540455A - water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing period and fertilizing method - Google Patents
water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing period and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110540455A CN110540455A CN201910685725.1A CN201910685725A CN110540455A CN 110540455 A CN110540455 A CN 110540455A CN 201910685725 A CN201910685725 A CN 201910685725A CN 110540455 A CN110540455 A CN 110540455A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing period and a fertilizing method thereof comprise a main fertilizer composition taking a mineral composition and bacillus mucilaginosus as components, and by improving soil for planting golden pears, the requirement of the golden pears on mineral elements is consistent, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the occurrence of physiological diseases, namely iron head diseases, is reduced, and the fruit quality of the golden pears is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer and a fertilizing method, in particular to the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer and the fertilizing method which are suitable for the full bearing period of golden pears in the areas with the longitude of 114 degrees to 19 degrees to 122 degrees to 43 degrees and the latitude of 34 degrees to 22 degrees to 38 degrees to 23 degrees in northern latitude.
background
the pear is one of important fruit tree cultivation trees and plays an important role in the fruit market, the Huangjin pear is a good pear variety widely cultivated in China, the shape of the pear is attractive, the flavor is good, the Huangjin pear is popular with consumers, the requirement on fertilizer and water is high in the production of the Huangjin pear, the quality of the pear is easily influenced due to improper fertilization, physiological diseases such as iron head disease can be caused, the fruit commodity is seriously influenced, and the water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer and the fertilization method which are suitable for the area with the longitude of 114 degrees to 19 degrees to 122 degrees and 43 degrees and the latitude of 34 degrees to 22 degrees to 38 degrees to 23 degrees in the northern latitude for the full bearing period of the Huangjin pear do not exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pears in full bearing period,
the invention aims to provide a fertilizing method of a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pears in full bearing period.
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer and a fertilizing method for the golden pear in the full bearing period, so that the occurrence of physiological diseases, namely head of iron disease is reduced, and the quality of the golden pear is improved.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing period contains a main fertilizer composition which takes a mineral composition and bacillus mucilaginosus as components.
Because the mineral composition and the bacillus mucilaginosus are designed, the soil for planting the golden pear is improved, the requirement of the golden pear on mineral elements is consistent, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the occurrence of physiological diseases, namely iron head diseases, is reduced, and the fruit quality of the golden pear is improved.
The invention designs an auxiliary fertilizer composition which takes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a component.
The invention designs an auxiliary fertilizer composition which takes humic acid and ferment as components.
the invention designs an auxiliary fertilizer composition which also comprises humic acid, sheep manure and pig manure as components.
The invention designs that every 100kg of fertilizer contains 23-27 kg of humic acid, 28-32 kg of ferment, 0.8-1.1 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7-1.3 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn according to the weight proportion.
The invention designs that the medicine comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-15 parts of mineral composition, 28-32 parts of humic acid, 18-22 parts of sheep manure, 18-22 parts of pig manure, 5-7 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 5-7 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
The invention designs that the weight ratio of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn in the mineral element composition is set as 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132.
The invention designs that each 100kg of fertilizer contains 18kg, 5kg, 15kg, 2kg, 4kg, 0.1907kg, 0.017kg, 0.042kg, 0.0182kg and 0.0132kg of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn.
the invention relates to the arrangement of the elements of the mineral composition as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn.
The invention designs that mineral substances containing N elements are set as humic acid urea.
the invention designs that mineral substances containing P element are set as humic acid phosphate fertilizer (HA-P).
the invention designs that mineral substance containing K element is set as silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
the invention designs that the mineral substance containing Ca element is set as shell calcium oligomate.
the invention designs that the mineral substance containing Mg is silicon calcium potassium magnesium.
The invention designs that mineral substances containing Fe element are set as lignin-based iron fertilizer (L-Fe).
the invention designs that mineral substances containing Zn element are set as multifunctional zinc fertilizer (Cell-CF).
The invention designs that the mineral substance containing B element is amino acid boron.
The invention designs that mineral substances containing Cu are set as amino acid ternary copper.
the invention designs that the mineral substance containing Mn element is MnEDTA (chelated manganese).
The invention designs a fertilizing method of a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing period, which comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio, every 100kg of fertilizer contains 23-27 kg of humic acid, 28-32 kg of ferment, 0.8-1.1 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7-1.3 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn, and the weight ratio is 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132 mixing minerals respectively containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn to form a mineral element composition, adding the mineral element composition, bacillus mucilaginosus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into humic acid and ferment respectively, stirring and mixing to form a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer, applying the fertilizer before, after, during young fruit period, during fruit expansion early period and after harvesting the golden pear respectively,
Before flowering: from the bud to the flower, the water consumption for irrigation is 18-22m3 and 4.8-5.2 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m2,
After flowering: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8-5.2 kg,
and (3) during the young fruit period: generally, after fruit dropping in physiology, the water consumption for irrigation is 23-28m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8-5.2 kg per 666.7m2,
And (3) flower bud differentiation stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2,
in the early stage of fruit enlargement: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 8-12 kg,
And (3) at the later fruit expansion stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2,
after harvesting: after harvesting and before leaf falling, the amount of irrigation water is 33-37m3 and 13-17 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m 2.
the invention designs the application of the fertilizer as the fertilizer for the golden pear in the area with the longitude of 114 degrees to 19 degrees to 122 degrees to 43 degrees and the latitude of 34 degrees to 22 degrees to 38 degrees to 23 degrees in the north latitude.
In the technical scheme, the humic acid is remains of animals and plants, mainly remains of plants, and organic substances which are caused and accumulated through a series of processes of microbial decomposition and transformation and geochemistry. The basic structure of the humic acid macromolecule is aromatic ring and alicyclic ring, and the ring is connected with functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinonyl, methoxyl and the like. Humic substances can be divided into three main parts in soil and sediments: humic Acid (HA), Fulvic Acid (FA) and humins (humin, HM). Wherein HA is soluble in alkali but insoluble in water and acid; FA is soluble in both base and water and acid; whereas HM is soluble in dilute bases and insoluble in water and acids. Can be separated from and combined with metal ions in water, is favorable for transmitting nutrient elements to crops, can improve the soil structure and is favorable for the growth of the crops. Has the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, chelation and the like with metal ions; in the dispersion system, the polymer serves as polyelectrolyte and has the functions of agglomeration, peptization, dispersion and the like. Humic acid molecules also have a certain amount of free radicals, and have physiological activity.
The ferment is a mixed fermentation broth which is prepared by taking fresh vegetables, fruits, brown rice, medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicines and other plants as raw materials, juicing or extracting a series of processes, and then adding yeast, lactobacillus and other fermentation strains for fermentation, and contains abundant nutrient components such as saccharides, organic acids, minerals, vitamins, phenols, terpenes and other biological active substances such as important enzymes.
bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus mucilaginosus (also called silicate bacteria), commonly called potassium bacteria. The high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus is rich in effective and active bacillus mucilaginosus, can propagate and grow in soil, generates metabolic products such as organic acid, capsular polysaccharide and the like, destroys the lattice structure of aluminosilicate, insoluble phosphorus compounds and the like, decomposes and releases soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, improves the soil fertility, provides absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements for crops, simultaneously generates physiological active substances such as gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzymes, bacterial polysaccharide and the like, and promotes the nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of the crops.
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are the most widely distributed endophytic mycorrhizal fungi most closely related to agricultural production as early as 1900, are known to produce two typical structures, namely vesicle (vesicular) and arbuscule (arbuscule), in plant root cells, namely vesicle-arbuscule mycorrhiza (VAM). Since some fungi do not produce vesicles in roots, but all form arbuscular branches, they are called Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) for short. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are key microorganisms in the terrestrial ecosystem. They participate in the biogeochemical cycle process of various elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and can form reciprocal symbiota with more than 90% of land plants. By the "biological underground trading" law, plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi carry out an exchange of matter and energy: the plant delivers the photosynthetic product to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus as a carbon source. As feedback, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi absorb more nutrients, moisture, etc. for the plant to promote plant growth.
In the technical scheme, the main fertilizer composition taking the mineral composition and the bacillus mucilaginosus as components is an important technical characteristic, and has novelty, creativity and practicability in the technical field of the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer and the fertilizing method for the golden pear in the full bearing period.
Drawings
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of a golden pear fruit to which the fertilizer of the present invention is applied,
FIG. 2 is a picture of the fruit dehiscence of a pear fruit without the use of the present invention.
Detailed Description
terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used with respect to the present invention, are to be understood as not specifying the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof, in accordance with the examination guidelines.
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features mentioned in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other, and further, unless otherwise specified, the equipments and materials used in the following examples are commercially available, and if the processing conditions are not explicitly specified, please refer to the commercially available product specifications or follow the conventional method in the art.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
according to one embodiment of the invention, each 100kg of the fertilizer comprises 23-27 kg of humic acid, 28-32 kg of ferment, 0.8-1.1 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7-1.3 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn according to weight proportion.
In this example, the weight ratio of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn in the mineral element composition was set to 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132.
In this example, each 100kg of fertilizer was set to contain 18kg, 5kg, 15kg, 2kg, 4kg, 0.1907kg, 0.017kg, 0.042kg, 0.0182kg, 0.0132kg of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn.
the second embodiment of the present invention comprises, in terms of weight ratio, 23 kg humic acid, 28 kg ferment, 0.8 hundred million/g Bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7 hundred million/g arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the balance mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, per 100kg fertilizer.
the third embodiment of the present invention comprises 27 kg humic acid, 32kg ferment, 1.1 hundred million/g Bacillus mucilaginosus, 1.3 hundred million/g arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the balance mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn according to the weight ratio per 100kg fertilizer.
In a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 25 kg humic acid, 30 kg ferment, 1.0 hundred million/g bacillus mucilaginosus, 1.0 hundred million/g arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the balance mineral element composition comprising N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn per 100kg fertilizer.
The fifth embodiment of the present invention comprises the following components by weight: 10-15 parts of mineral composition, 28-32 parts of humic acid, 18-22 parts of sheep manure, 18-22 parts of pig manure, 5-7 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 5-7 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
in this example, the containing elements of the mineral composition are set to N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn and are mixed in the weight ratio N: p: k: ca: mg: fe: zn: b: cu: mn is set to 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132.
In this example, a mineral substance containing N element was set as urea humate.
in this example, a mineral substance containing P element was set as humic acid phosphate fertilizer (HA-P).
In this embodiment, the mineral substance containing K is provided as a silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
In this example, a mineral containing Ca element was provided as the shell calcium oligomate.
in this embodiment, the mineral containing Mg element is provided as silico-calcium-potassium-magnesium.
In this embodiment, minerals containing Fe element are set as lignin-based iron fertilizer (L-Fe).
in this example, the mineral substance containing Zn element was set as multifunctional zinc fertilizer (Cell-CF).
in this example, the mineral containing B element is set to be boron amino acid.
In this example, the mineral containing Cu element was set to be ternary copper of amino acids.
In the present embodiment, a mineral containing Mn element is set as MnEDTA (chelated manganese).
The sixth embodiment of the present invention comprises the following components by weight: 10 parts of mineral composition, 28 parts of humic acid, 18 parts of sheep manure, 18 parts of pig manure, 5 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 5 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
The seventh embodiment of the present invention comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts of mineral composition, 32 parts of humic acid, 22 parts of sheep manure, 22 parts of pig manure, 7 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 7 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
The eighth embodiment of the present invention comprises the following components by weight: 12 parts of mineral composition, 30 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of pig manure, 6 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 6 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
In a second embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary fertilizer composition comprising an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is also included.
In this embodiment, an auxiliary fertilizer composition comprising humic acid and ferment is also included.
in this embodiment, the fertilizer also comprises an auxiliary fertilizer composition containing humic acid, sheep manure and pig manure as components.
A second embodiment of the invention is based on the first embodiment,
the invention is further described below with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it further.
a fertilizing method of a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pears in full bearing period comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio, every 100kg of fertilizer contains 23-27 kg of humic acid, 28-32 kg of ferment, 0.8-1.1 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7-1.3 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn, and the weight ratio is 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132 mixing minerals respectively containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn to form a mineral element composition, adding the mineral element composition, bacillus mucilaginosus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into humic acid and ferment respectively, stirring and mixing to form a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer, applying the fertilizer before, after, during young fruit period, during fruit expansion early period and after harvesting the golden pear respectively,
Before flowering: from the bud to the flower, the water consumption for irrigation is 18-22m3 and 4.8-5.2 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m2,
after flowering: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8-5.2 kg,
And (3) during the young fruit period: generally, after fruit dropping in physiology, the water consumption for irrigation is 23-28m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8-5.2 kg per 666.7m2,
And (3) flower bud differentiation stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2,
in the early stage of fruit enlargement: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 8-12 kg,
And (3) at the later fruit expansion stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2,
after harvesting: after harvesting and before leaf falling, the amount of irrigation water is 33-37m3 and 13-17 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m 2.
The second embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio, every 100kg of fertilizer contains 23 kg of humic acid, 28 kg of ferment, 0.8 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn, and the weight ratio is 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132 mixing minerals respectively containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn to form a mineral element composition, adding the mineral element composition, bacillus mucilaginosus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into humic acid and ferment respectively, stirring and mixing to form a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer, applying the fertilizer before, after, during young fruit period, during fruit expansion early period and after harvesting the golden pear respectively,
Before flowering: from the bud to the flower, the water consumption for irrigation is 18m3 and 4.8 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m2,
after flowering: the irrigation water consumption of 23m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8 kg per 666.7m2,
and (3) during the young fruit period: generally, after fruit dropping in physiology, the water consumption for irrigation is 23m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8 kg per 666.7m2,
And (3) flower bud differentiation stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23m3 per 666.7m2,
In the early stage of fruit enlargement: the irrigation water consumption of 23m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 8kg per 666.7m2,
And (3) at the later fruit expansion stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23m3 per 666.7m2,
after harvesting: after harvesting and before leaf falling, the amount of irrigation water is 33m3 and 13 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m 2.
In a third embodiment of the present invention, the steps are:
according to the weight ratio, every 100kg of fertilizer contains 27 kg of humic acid, 32kg of ferment, 1.1 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1.3 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn, and the weight ratio is 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132 mixing minerals respectively containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn to form a mineral element composition, adding the mineral element composition, bacillus mucilaginosus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into humic acid and ferment respectively, stirring and mixing to form a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer, applying the fertilizer before, after, during young fruit period, during fruit expansion early period and after harvesting the golden pear respectively,
Before flowering: from the bud to the flower, the water consumption for irrigation is 22m3 and 5.2 kg of water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m2,
after flowering: the irrigation water consumption of 28m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 5.2 kg per 666.7m2,
And (3) during the young fruit period: generally, after fruit dropping in physiology, the water consumption for irrigation is 28m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 5.2 kg per 666.7m2,
and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: the water consumption for irrigation is 28m3 per 666.7m2,
In the early stage of fruit enlargement: the irrigation water consumption of 28m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 12 kg per 666.7m2,
And (3) at the later fruit expansion stage: the water consumption for irrigation is 28m3 per 666.7m2,
after harvesting: after harvesting, the amount of irrigation water is 37m3 and 17kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m2 before leaf falling.
The fourth embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
According to the weight ratio, every 100kg of fertilizer contains 25 kg of humic acid, 30 kg of ferment, 1.0 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1.0 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn, and the weight ratio is 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132 mixing minerals respectively containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn to form a mineral element composition, adding the mineral element composition, bacillus mucilaginosus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into humic acid and ferment respectively, stirring and mixing to form a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer, applying the fertilizer before, after, during young fruit period, during fruit expansion early period and after harvesting the golden pear respectively,
Before flowering: from the bud to the flower, the water consumption for irrigation is 20m3 and 5.0 kg of water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m2,
After flowering: 25m of water for irrigation and 3 of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer are 5.0 kg per 666.7m of 2,
and (3) during the young fruit period: generally, after fruit dropping in physiology, 25m of water and 3 of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer are used for irrigation every 666.7m2,
and (3) flower bud differentiation stage: the water consumption of irrigation is 25m3 per 666.7m2,
in the early stage of fruit enlargement: 25m of water for irrigation and 3 of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer are used for 10 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m of 2,
and (3) at the later fruit expansion stage: the water consumption of irrigation is 25m3 per 666.7m2,
After harvesting: after harvesting and before leaf falling, 35m of water consumption and 3 of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer are used for irrigation every 666.7m 2.
The fertilizer is applied to the area with the longitude of 114 degrees to 19 degrees to 122 degrees to 43 degrees and the latitude of 34 degrees to 22 degrees to 38 degrees to 23 degrees of north latitude as the fertilizer for the golden pear.
When the method is verified, fertilization is performed before flowering, after flowering, in a young fruit period, in a fruit expansion early period and after harvesting, fertilization is not performed in a flower bud differentiation period and a fruit expansion later period, the soil improvement effect is the best, when the method is circularly applied every year, the soil can be effectively improved, and the growth requirements of the golden pears are met in stages.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of the golden pear fruit applied with the fertilizer, wherein the golden pear is grown in 20 years in Taidong planting base of fruit tree institute in Shandong province, the stock of the Du pear has a row spacing of 4m multiplied by 5m, the tree vigor is mediocre, the management level is general, and the yield per hectare is about 45000 kg. In this example, 10 trees having similar loads and trees were selected and tested, and the test was repeated 3 times (single plant), and was carried out continuously for 2 years in 2015 and 2016, and harvested for 26 days in 9 months.
Examples of effects
500 golden pear fruits with proper maturity, no diseases and pests, no mechanical damage and typical characteristics of the variety are selected from the examples and the comparative examples and are transported back to a laboratory for detection.
As can be seen from Table 1: compared with the comparative example, the golden pear fruit head disease in the example 1 is reduced by 20.2 percent compared with the comparative example.
TABLE 1 Effect of application of the fertilizers of the present invention on fruit head disease of golden pear
The invention has the following characteristics:
1. Due to the design of the humic acid, enzyme, bacillus mucilaginosus, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mineral element composition, the soil for planting the golden pear is improved, the requirement of the golden pear on mineral elements is consistent, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the occurrence of physiological diseases, namely iron head disease, is reduced, and the fruit quality of the golden pear is improved.
2. The ferment is a mixed fermentation broth which is prepared by taking fresh vegetables, fruits, brown rice, medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicines and other plants as raw materials, juicing or extracting a series of processes, and then adding yeast, lactobacillus and other fermentation strains for fermentation, and contains abundant nutrient components such as saccharides, organic acids, minerals, vitamins, phenols, terpenes and other biological active substances such as important enzymes.
3. Humic acid is an organic substance which is formed and accumulated by remains of animals and plants through decomposition and transformation of microorganisms and a series of processes of geochemistry. Has the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, chelation and the like with metal ions; can provide stable microelement supply for pear growth, and effectively reduce physiological diseases caused by calcium deficiency.
4. the bacillus mucilaginosus disclosed by the invention can propagate and grow in soil, and produces metabolic products such as organic acid, capsular polysaccharide and the like, destroys the lattice structure of aluminosilicate, insoluble phosphorus compounds and the like, decomposes and releases soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, improves the soil fertility, provides absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements for crops, and simultaneously produces physiological active substances such as gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzyme, bacterial polysaccharide and the like, and promotes nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of the crops.
5. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are key microorganisms in a land ecosystem, participate in a biogeochemical cycle process of multiple elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, attach to the roots of plants to form a network, and can increase soil fertility, improve soil moisture retention capacity, improve drought stress resistance of the plants, improve salt stress resistance of the plants, increase yield and store carbon in the soil.
6. due to the design of humic acid, sheep manure and pig manure, the requirement of the golden pear trees on fertilizer water in the flowering and fruit expansion period of the golden pears is met
7. Because the structural shape is limited by the numerical range, the numerical range is the technical characteristic of the technical scheme of the invention, and is not the technical characteristic obtained by formula calculation or limited tests, and tests show that the technical characteristic of the numerical range achieves good technical effect.
8. Due to the design of the technical characteristics of the invention, tests show that each performance index of the invention is at least 1.7 times of the existing performance index under the action of the single and mutual combination of the technical characteristics, and the invention has good market value through evaluation.
Other technical features which are the same as or similar to those of the main fertilizer composition comprising a mineral composition and Bacillus mucilaginosus are all one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily, and in order to meet the requirements of patent laws, patent practice rules and examination guidelines, all possible combinations of the technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments are not described again.
The embodiment is just one implementation form of the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer and the fertilizing method for the golden pear in the full bearing period, and other variants of the scheme provided by the invention, namely the addition or reduction of the components or steps therein, or the application of the invention in other technical fields close to the invention, belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing period is characterized in that: comprises a main fertilizer composition which takes a mineral composition and bacillus mucilaginosus as components.
2. the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing age according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: also comprises an auxiliary fertilizer composition which takes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a component,
Or, also comprises an auxiliary fertilizer composition which takes humic acid and ferment as components,
or, the auxiliary fertilizer composition also comprises humic acid, sheep manure and pig manure as components.
3. the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing age according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the containing elements of the mineral composition are set as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn.
4. the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing age according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: according to the weight ratio, every 100kg of fertilizer contains 23-27 kg of humic acid, 28-32 kg of ferment, 0.8-1.1 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7-1.3 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn.
5. The water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing age according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-15 parts of mineral composition, 28-32 parts of humic acid, 18-22 parts of sheep manure, 18-22 parts of pig manure, 5-7 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus and 5-7 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
6. The water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing age according to claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that: the weight ratio of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn in the mineral element composition is set as 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132.
7. The water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing age according to claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that: each 100kg of fertilizer contains 18kg, 5kg, 15kg, 2kg, 4kg, 0.1907kg, 0.017kg, 0.042kg, 0.0182kg and 0.0132kg of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn.
8. The water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear in full bearing age according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the mineral substance containing N element is set as humic acid urea,
the mineral substance containing P element is set as humic acid phosphate fertilizer (HA-P),
The mineral substance containing K element is set as silicon-calcium-magnesium-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer,
the mineral substance containing Ca element is set as shell calcium oligomate,
the mineral substance containing Mg is silicon calcium potassium magnesium,
The mineral substance containing Fe element is lignin-based iron fertilizer (L-Fe),
Mineral substances containing Zn element are set as multifunctional zinc fertilizer (Cell-CF),
the mineral substance containing B element is set as amino acid boron,
The mineral substance containing Cu element is set as ternary copper of amino acids,
The mineral containing Mn element was set to MnEDTA (chelated manganese).
9. A fertilizing method of a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pears in full bearing period is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio, every 100kg of fertilizer contains 23-27 kg of humic acid, 28-32 kg of ferment, 0.8-1.1 hundred million/g of bacillus mucilaginosus, 0.7-1.3 hundred million/g of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the balance of mineral element composition containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn, and the weight ratio is 18: 5: 15: 2: 4: 0.1907: 0.017: 0.042: 0.0182: 0.0132 mixing minerals respectively containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Cu and Mn to form a mineral element composition, adding the mineral element composition, bacillus mucilaginosus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into humic acid and ferment respectively, stirring and mixing to form a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer, applying the fertilizer before, after, during young fruit period, during fruit expansion early period and after harvesting the golden pear respectively,
Before flowering: from the bud to the flower, the water consumption for irrigation is 18-22m3 and 4.8-5.2 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m2,
After flowering: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8-5.2 kg,
And (3) during the young fruit period: generally, after fruit dropping in physiology, the water consumption for irrigation is 23-28m3 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 4.8-5.2 kg per 666.7m2,
And (3) flower bud differentiation stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2,
In the early stage of fruit enlargement: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2 and the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is 8-12 kg,
and (3) at the later fruit expansion stage: the irrigation water consumption is 23-28m3 per 666.7m2,
After harvesting: after harvesting and before leaf falling, the amount of irrigation water is 33-37m3 and 13-17 kg of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer per 666.7m 2.
10. the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer for golden pear at full bearing age according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the fertilizer is applied to the area with the longitude of 114 degrees to 19 degrees to 122 degrees to 43 degrees and the latitude of 34 degrees to 22 degrees to 38 degrees to 23 degrees of north latitude as the fertilizer for the golden pear.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110903122A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-24 | 南京农业大学 | Water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing period and application |
| CN111512879A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-11 | 华宁鑫梨泉实业有限公司 | Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for full bearing period of pears |
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| CN108976011A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-11 | 山东省果树研究所 | Fertilizer composition and fertilizing method for gold pear tree |
| CN112174741A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-05 | 辽宁顺屹农业科技有限公司 | Drought-resistant functional fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof |
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