CN110903122A - Water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing period and application - Google Patents
Water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing period and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110903122A CN110903122A CN201911265569.XA CN201911265569A CN110903122A CN 110903122 A CN110903122 A CN 110903122A CN 201911265569 A CN201911265569 A CN 201911265569A CN 110903122 A CN110903122 A CN 110903122A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing age and application thereof. The water-soluble fertilizer package comprises postharvest fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer and expanding fertilizer, and is prepared according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of different growth periods of fruit trees in full bearing period. The postharvest fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 34-36 parts of nitrogen, 9-11 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 6-8 parts of potassium oxide; the young fruit fertilizer comprises the following components: 16-18 parts of nitrogen, 16-18 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 15-17 parts of potassium oxide, 4-6 parts of humic acid and 8-10 parts of trace elements; the expanding fertilizer comprises the following components: 17-19 parts of nitrogen, 8-10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23-25 parts of potassium oxide, 4-6 parts of humic acid and 7-9 parts of trace elements. The invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer set meal which promotes fruit growth, increases yield, improves quality, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency and saves cost aiming at the difference of nutrient requirements of trees in the young fruit period and the expansion period of fruit trees in the full fruit period and after fruit harvest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree fertilizer, in particular to a water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing age.
Background
The phenomenon of blindly applying chemical fertilizers to orchards in China generally exists, although fruit growers pay attention to the input of orchard nutrients, the fruit growers cannot understand the input deeply enough, so that fertilizing measures for the orchards are unreasonable, particularly the fertilizing period and the input proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are ignored, and a series of problems of unbalance of soil, fertilizers and tree nutrients are caused, and resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. The early-stage research in the laboratory finds that in the actual nutrient management practice of the pear orchard, the fruit grower selects the most fertilizing periods as a base fertilizer (applied in late autumn), a germination fertilizer and a fruit expansion fertilizer. However, when a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer is applied in spring or early spring, the nutrients in the fertilizer cannot be quickly and effectively absorbed and utilized by the root system because the root system of the pear tree is weak in movement, and nutrient loss is very easy to cause, or the root system is damaged due to too high local fertilizer concentration, so that the nutrient absorption and the growth of new root systems are not facilitated. Researches show that the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in China is about 30% -35%, the average loss rate of nitrogen reaches 45%, and the laboratory researches find that the influence of nitrogen applied in different fertilizing periods on the current-season newborn organs of pear trees is the largest as base fertilizer, and then as fruit-strengthening fertilizer, the utilization rate of fertilizer in the germination period is the lowest. The nitrogen in the strong fruit fertilizer has the smallest influence on the current-season newborn organs, but has the highest contribution to the storage nitrogen of the tree body, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the next-season newborn organs. Therefore, the method has important significance for improving the fertilizer utilization rate, further improving the nutrient bioavailability, reducing the fertilizer input, promoting the joint improvement of the yield and the quality and increasing the income of fruit growers by improving the comprehensive measures of the fertilizer application mode, the fertilizer application period, the fertilizer variety selection and the like. The important functions of the water-soluble fertilizer in the aspects of improving the utilization rate of the water and the fertilizer and improving the quality and the yield of fruits are increasingly revealed. The special water-soluble fertilizer set meal for the fruit trees is produced according to the nutrient requirement rule of the fruit trees in the growth and development period, and the water-soluble fertilizer types with different nutrient proportions are applied in different development periods, so that the application of chemical fertilizers can be fundamentally reduced, and the purposes of saving labor, labor and fertilizer and improving the economic benefit of fruit growers are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing age and application thereof, aiming at solving the problem of unreasonable fertilizer supply for the fruit trees in full bearing age.
The technical scheme is as follows: the water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing age comprises postharvest fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer and expanding fertilizer, wherein, in parts by mass,
the postharvest fertilizer comprises the following components: 34-36 parts of nitrogen, 9-11 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 6-8 parts of potassium oxide;
the young fruit fertilizer comprises the following components: 16-18 parts of nitrogen, 16-18 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 15-17 parts of potassium oxide, 4-6 parts of humic acid and 8-10 parts of trace elements;
the expanding fertilizer comprises the following components: 17-19 parts of nitrogen, 8-10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23-25 parts of potassium oxide, 4-6 parts of humic acid and 7-9 parts of trace elements.
The postharvest fertilizer is prepared by applying fertilizer to supplement nutrients taken away from soil after fruit harvest and before leaf senescence, and the supplemented nutrients are mainly used for promoting secondary growth of root systems and photosynthesis of leaves, so that the nutrient proportion in the fertilizer is preferably mainly nitrogen and secondarily phosphorus and potassium.
The young fruit fertilizer is applied within 2-4 weeks after fruit setting, and the supplemented nutrients are mainly used for promoting the generation of new roots of root systems and the growth of young fruits and young shoots (including branches and leaves). During the period, nitrogen and potassium in the leaves and the young shoots are rapidly accumulated, although the phosphorus accumulation amount is low, the short-term high phosphorus concentration and potassium concentration after fertilization are favorable for rapid transport of photosynthetic products in the leaves in the root system and the overground part, so the nutrient proportion in the fertilizer is preferably approximate to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and trace elements and humic acid are supplemented.
The expanding fertilizer is applied in the period that the young shoots stop growing and the fruits start to expand rapidly, during the period, the accumulation of potassium in the fruits is obviously higher than that of nitrogen, and the accumulation of phosphorus is obviously lower than that of nitrogen and potassium, so the nutrient proportion in the fertilizer is preferably low-phosphorus, medium-nitrogen and high-potassium, and simultaneously, trace elements and humic acid are supplemented, the growth of the fruits is promoted, and the quality of the fruits is improved.
Preferably, the amount of the organic solvent is, in parts by mass,
the postharvest fertilizer comprises the following components: 34.5-35 parts of nitrogen, 9.5-10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 6.5-7 parts of potassium oxide;
the young fruit fertilizer comprises the following components: 16.5-17 parts of nitrogen, 16.5-17 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 15.5-16 parts of potassium oxide, 4.5-5 parts of humic acid and 8.5-9 parts of trace elements;
the expanding fertilizer comprises the following components: 17.5-18 parts of nitrogen, 8.5-9 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23.5-24 parts of potassium oxide, 4.5-5 parts of humic acid and 7.5-8 parts of trace elements.
Wherein, in the young fruit fertilizer, the microelements comprise 3-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4.5-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-2.5 parts of boric acid, 3-3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-2.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-2.5 parts of boric acid and 1-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
The potassium oxide is derived from potassium nitrate; the nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide are derived from urea and industrial monoammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the harvested fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of urea, 15-17 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 14-16 parts of potassium nitrate.
The young fruit fertilizer comprises the following components: 16-20 parts of urea, 26-30 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 33-36 parts of potassium nitrate, 4.5-5.5 parts of humic acid, 2.5-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4.5-5.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of boric acid and 3-4 parts of ferrous sulfate.
The expanding fertilizer comprises the following components: 17-19 parts of urea, 14-16 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 52-54 parts of potassium nitrate, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 2-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of boric acid and 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate.
More preferably, the harvested fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 parts of urea, 16.5 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 15.5 parts of potassium nitrate.
The young fruit fertilizer comprises the following components: 18.5 parts of urea, 28 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 35 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid and 3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
The expanding fertilizer comprises the following components: 18.5 parts of urea, 15 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 53 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid and 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
The invention also provides application of the water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing period, and the water-soluble fertilizer set meal is used by drip irrigation.
Specifically, according to the yield level of fruit trees, young fruit fertilizers are applied for 1-2 times in the young fruit period, and the fertilizing amount is 9-11 kg/mu; applying the expanding fertilizer for 3-4 times in the expanding period, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 9-11 kg/mu; applying the postharvest fertilizer for 1-2 times after the postharvest, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu.
The fruit trees are pear trees, and particularly can be varieties of 'Zhongli No. 1', 'Yuanhuang', and the like.
Has the advantages that: aiming at the difference of the fruit and the tree body in the young fruit period and the expansion period of the fruit tree in the full fruit period during the fruit development period and the difference of the nutrient requirements of the fruit and the tree body after the fruit is harvested, a set of water-soluble fertilizer set meal for promoting the fruit growth, increasing the yield, improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and saving the cost is provided, and the adverse effect on the fruit quality and the yield can not be caused when the fertilizer is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
In 2018, the method is carried out in the Yuanyang base of the agricultural academy in Henan province. The test base is located in Yuanyang county (E113 degrees 36 'and N34 degrees 55') and belongs to a warm-temperate continental seasonal climate, the annual average sunshine duration is 1925.1h, the annual average precipitation is about 573.3mm, and the test base is mainly concentrated in the active growth period of crops. The test materials were 9-year-old 'Zhongli No. 1', 'Yuanhuang', with a plant spacing of 2m and a row spacing of 4m, and the test fields were about 3 mu each.
The water-soluble fertilizer set meal for the fruit trees in the full bearing period comprises three water-soluble fertilizers, namely a post-harvest fertilizer (a water-soluble fertilizer 1), a young fruit fertilizer (a water-soluble fertilizer 2) and an expansion fertilizer (a water-soluble fertilizer 3).
1, water-soluble fertilizer: the harvested fertilizer (35-10-7) is applied for 1 time and 5 kg/mu/time
The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 parts of urea, 16.5 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate and 15.5 parts of potassium nitrate; wherein the harvested fertilizer contains 35 parts of nitrogen, 10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 7 parts of potassium oxide.
And (3) water-soluble fertilizer 2: the young fruit fertilizer (17-17-16-TE) is applied for 1 time, 10 kg/mu/time;
the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18.5 parts of urea, 28 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 35 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid and 3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate; wherein the young fruit fertilizer contains 17 parts of nitrogen, 17 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 16 parts of potassium oxide.
And (3) water-soluble fertilizer: the expanding fertilizer (18-9-24-TE) is applied for 3-4 times, 5 kg/mu/time
The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18.5 parts of urea, 15 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 53 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid and 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate; wherein the expanding fertilizer contains 18 parts of nitrogen, 9 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 24 parts of potassium oxide.
Two processes are set: (1) compared with the prior art (T1), the conventional habit is applied with fertilizer, the type and the dosage of the fertilizer are provided for local fruit growers, the early-maturing variety 'pear No. 1' and the late-maturing variety 'Yuanhuang' are local main cultivars, and N, P is invested all the year round2O5、K2The total O amount is 32.4, 16.2 and 35.6kg/ha respectively, and the fertilization mode is fertilization by a fertilization gun; (2) drip irrigation treatment (T2), the water-soluble fertile of this embodiment of water-soluble fertile adoption, the fertilization mode is intelligent liquid manure all-in-one fertigation. Applying postharvest fertilizer (35-10-7) in 2017, 10 months and 19 days, wherein the using amount is 5 kg/mu; applying young fruit fertilizer (17-17-16-TE) in 5 months and 5 days in 2018, wherein the dosage is 10 kg/mu; the swelling fertilizer (18-9-24-TE) is applied to 11 days in 6 months, 21 days in 6 months and 10 days in 7 months in 2018, the using amount is 5 kg/mu/time, wherein the swelling fertilizer is applied to the late-maturing variety 'Yuanhuang' again in 23 days in 7 months, and the fruit harvesting period is 8 months and 10 days in 2018. N, P 'Zhongli No. 1' and 'Yuanhuang' all year round investment2O5、K2The total O content is 8.85, 4.9, 9.15 kg/mu and 10.65, 5.8, 11.55 kg/mu, which is N, P in the fertilization mode of a fertilization gun2O5、K2The input amount of O is 25 to 30 percent.
TABLE 1 influence of different fertilization measures on the fruit quality and yield of 'Zhongli No. 1' and 'Yuanhuang' pears
Note: a and b represent significance tests performed among the same varieties, and different letters represent significant differences among treatments
The results show that under the condition of fertigation, the soluble solid content of the fruits of the 'medium pear No. 1' and the 'round yellow' pears has no obvious difference between treatments. The drip irrigation treatment increases the hardness of 'Zhongli No. 1' without significant influence on 'Yuanhuang'. The average yield and the total yield of the single plant of the Zhongli No. 1 are 18.3 percent higher than those of a control, and the obvious difference level is achieved; the yield of each round yellow single plant and the total yield have no obvious difference between treatments, namely, although the nutrient input of the two varieties is only 25-30% of that of a control under the drip irrigation condition, the fruit quality and the yield are not influenced, the quality and the yield of the round yellow are basically not influenced, the hardness of the 'Zhongli No. 1' is improved, and the yield is also obviously improved. Obviously, the water-soluble fertilizer set meal is implemented in a water-fertilizer integrated mode, and has prominent effects on weight reduction and synergy.
The data show that the water-soluble fertilizer set is applied to pear trees in the full bearing period in actual production in a drip irrigation mode, the nutrient proportion and the nutrient input amount are optimal, and the effects of losing weight, increasing yield, improving quality and increasing efficiency are achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing age is characterized by comprising postharvest fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer and expanding fertilizer, wherein, in parts by mass,
the postharvest fertilizer comprises the following components: 34-36 parts of nitrogen, 9-11 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 6-8 parts of potassium oxide;
the young fruit fertilizer comprises the following components: 16-18 parts of nitrogen, 16-18 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 15-17 parts of potassium oxide, 4-6 parts of humic acid and 8-10 parts of trace elements;
the expanding fertilizer comprises the following components: 17-19 parts of nitrogen, 8-10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23-25 parts of potassium oxide, 4-6 parts of humic acid and 7-9 parts of trace elements.
2. The water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing age according to claim 1, which comprises, in parts by mass,
the postharvest fertilizer comprises the following components: 34.5-35 parts of nitrogen, 9.5-10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 6.5-7 parts of potassium oxide;
the young fruit fertilizer comprises the following components: 16.5-17 parts of nitrogen, 16.5-17 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 15.5-16 parts of potassium oxide, 4.5-5 parts of humic acid and 8.5-9 parts of trace elements;
the expanding fertilizer comprises the following components: 17.5-18 parts of nitrogen, 8.5-9 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23.5-24 parts of potassium oxide, 4.5-5 parts of humic acid and 7.5-8 parts of trace elements.
3. The water-soluble fertilizer set for fruit trees in full bearing age of claim 1, wherein the trace elements in the young fruit fertilizer comprise 3-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 4.5-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-2.5 parts of boric acid, 3-3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-2.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-2.5 parts of boric acid and 1-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate.
4. The water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing age according to claim 1, wherein the potassium oxide is derived from potassium nitrate; the nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide are derived from urea and industrial monoammonium phosphate.
5. The application of the water soluble fertilizer set for fruit trees in full bearing age according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water soluble fertilizer set is used by drip irrigation.
6. The application of the water soluble fertilizer set for fruit trees in full bearing age according to claim 5, wherein the young fruit fertilizer is applied for 1-2 times in young fruit period, and the fertilizing amount is 9-11 kg/mu; applying the expanding fertilizer for 3-4 times in the expanding period, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 9-11 kg/mu; applying the postharvest fertilizer for 1-2 times after the postharvest, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu.
7. The application of the water soluble fertilizer set for fruit trees in full bearing age of claim 5, wherein the fruit trees are pear trees.
8. The application of the water-soluble fertilizer set for fruit trees in full bearing age of claim 7, wherein the variety of the pear tree is 'Zhongli No. 1' or 'Yuanhuang'.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113321562A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-31 | 山东农业大学 | Chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period and preparation method thereof |
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