CN110590432A - Banana cultivation method - Google Patents
Banana cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110590432A CN110590432A CN201910888133.XA CN201910888133A CN110590432A CN 110590432 A CN110590432 A CN 110590432A CN 201910888133 A CN201910888133 A CN 201910888133A CN 110590432 A CN110590432 A CN 110590432A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a banana cultivation method. The banana cultivation method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: and applying the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas according to the nutritional requirements of the bananas in different growth periods. The fertilizer application mode used by the invention can greatly reduce the use of compound fertilizer and simple substance fertilizer. The special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas contains organic matters and medium and trace elements, is rich and balanced in nutrition, is easy to be absorbed by bananas, and can provide various required nutrient elements for bananas in different growth periods; can enhance immunity of banana and control yellow leaf disease. And the organic matter contained in the water-soluble fertilizer can greatly improve the soil environment. The fertilizing method provided by the embodiment of the invention is reasonable, and is beneficial to the absorption of nutrition by banana trees, so that the banana fruits are strong and the yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a banana cultivation method.
Background
Musaceae, the largest tropical and subtropical fruit, and the output of the fruit is second to that of apple, orange and pear in China. The bananas in China are mainly planted in places such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan and the like, and the total planting area reaches more than 1000 ten thousand mu in the peak planting period. However, in recent years, the planting area of bananas is suddenly reduced due to the influence of factors such as typhoon, yellow leaf disease and extensive management of farmers, and the domestic banana planting area does not exceed 500 ten thousand mu at present.
Bananas are very sensitive to the requirements of climatic conditions and soil environments, and the traditional banana planting method generally selects the land with deep soil layer, loose soil and good drainage, but the land with similar conditions is not available in all places due to the limitation of land resources. Therefore, the traditional bananas cultivated by extensive management often have the phenomena of short plants, undeveloped root systems, more diseases and insect pests and low yield. For example, if the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are insufficient, the problems of poor native growth of banana root systems, shallow root system penetration, undeveloped aerial roots and the like can be caused, and once the banana is watered, the banana roots fall down when meeting wind; if the banana grows too vigorously after bud drawing and the leaves are too large, the banana is easy to break off when meeting wind.
The reasonable planting method has great influence on the quality, yield and disease resistance of bananas. Therefore, the improvement of the planting method ensures that the bananas can adapt to different climatic environments and soil environments, and the requirement of the bananas on growth can be met through later-stage nutrition supply is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low yield and serious yellow leaf disease existing in the traditional banana planting, the invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a banana cultivation method which can improve the yield and disease resistance of bananas.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution that: providing a banana cultivation method:
the banana cultivation method comprises the following steps: applying a special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas to the bananas in each growth period;
the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-60 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-50 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20-60 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.1-2 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.1-2 parts of zinc fertilizer and 0.5-7 parts of organic matter.
Optionally, the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas comprises: the fertilizer comprises a high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer;
the method for applying the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas to bananas in each growth period comprises the following steps:
after 7 days of field planting of banana seedlings, applying the high-phosphorus macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time;
after 15 days of field planting of the banana seedlings, applying the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time;
after the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied, the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time;
after 12-15 leaves appear on banana seedlings, applying the balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g/plant each time;
after buds of the bananas are extracted, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g/plant each time;
and after the bananas are fruited, applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 30-50 g/plant each time.
Optionally, in the high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and the balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15:30:10, 29:6:15, 15:6:33 and 18:18:18, respectively.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the special banana macroelement water-soluble fertilizer which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-60 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-50 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20-60 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.1-2 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.1-2 parts of zinc fertilizer and 0.5-7 parts of organic matter.
Optionally, the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-60 parts of urea, 5-50 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20-60 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 0.1-2 parts of boric acid, 0.1-2 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.5-7 parts of organic matters;
the mass ratio of the elements magnesium, boron and zinc in the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas is 2:1: 1.
Optionally, the high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20 parts of urea, 50 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 6 parts of organic matters.
Optionally, the high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 25 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
Optionally, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 55 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
Optionally, the balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35 parts of urea, 30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for preparing the banana special-purpose macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1: putting 15-60 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5-50 parts of a phosphate fertilizer and 20-60 parts of a potassium fertilizer into a crusher for crushing;
s2: putting the raw materials crushed in the step S1 into a stirrer, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
s3: adding 0.1-3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 0.1-3 parts of boron fertilizer and 0.5-3 parts of magnesium fertilizer into a stirrer, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
s4: and adding 0.5-7 parts of organic matters into a stirrer, and stirring for 1-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃ to obtain the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilizer required by bananas is prepared according to the growth characteristics of the bananas in seedling stage, nutrition stage, bud stage and fruiting stage, and the fertilizing interval, fertilizing times and fertilizing amount are set according to different requirements of different growth stages on nutrient elements; the applied fertilizer has rich and balanced nutrition, is easy to be absorbed by the bananas, and can provide various required nutrient elements for the bananas in different growth periods; can enhance the immunity of bananas, effectively improve the yield and quality of bananas and improve the planting economic income.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an example of a method for preparing a special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the banana cultivation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that, if not conflicted, the various features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other within the scope of protection of the invention. Additionally, while a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than in the flowcharts.
The growth of bananas is mainly through four phases, namely: seedling stage, nutrition stage, bud stage and fruit bearing stage. The growth of bananas requires various nutrient elements, and the amount of different nutrient elements required in different growth periods is different. The most potassium is required during the growth of bananas, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, which are the most critical mineral nutrients for bananas. The nutrients required by bananas mainly come from soil and applied materials. Therefore, to obtain high-yield and high-quality bananas, the nutrient demand of each growth and growth cycle of the bananas needs to be known, and the fertilization period and the fertilization proportion are reasonably arranged.
The special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas in the embodiment of the invention is mainly divided into a high-phosphorus macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer according to different compositions.
The special banana macroelement water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-60 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-50 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20-60 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.1-2 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.1-2 parts of zinc fertilizer and 0.5-7 parts of organic matter. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the trace elements magnesium, boron and zinc in the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas is 2:1:1, and different mass ratios can influence the absorption of various nutrient elements and the growth and development of the bananas.
The nitrogen fertilizer in the embodiment of the invention is at least one of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and amide nitrogen fertilizer. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonia water, liquid ammonia and the like. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizers include sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and the like. The ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers include ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate nitrate. The amide nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea, lime nitrogen and the like. The urea contains 46% of nitrogen element, and is a fertilizer with the highest nitrogen content in solid nitrogen.
Nitrogen is the most basic substance of organisms, accounts for 16-18% of protein molecules, is an important component of various enzymes, chlorophyll, vitamin B1, B2, B6 and the like, and is one of the most important inorganic nutrients influencing the growth and the development and the yield of bananas. The nitrogen is easy to lose, is not easy to store in the plant body and needs to be supplemented by fertilization. However, sometimes the field is lack of nitrogen, but the nitrogen supply is not insufficient, but the poor absorption force caused by the poor development of the root system of the plant or the competition between the weeds and the bananas. In addition, water shortage or poor drainage can also reduce the nitrogen absorption capacity of bananas. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer application of bananas needs to be matched with other management measures. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer cannot increase yield, but has the risk of reducing yield, and simultaneously the fruit quality is reduced and the storage and transportation are not endurable. And the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the performance of the banana is as follows: slow growth, reduced leaf number, yellowing of leaves, slightly reddish veins and petioles, shortened leaf pitch into clusters, reduced new leaves and obviously reduced yield.
The phosphate fertilizer in the embodiment of the invention is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer and comprises at least one of calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is easy to dissolve in water and has quick fertilizer effect, and the main component of the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is monocalcium phosphate. Phosphorus is an important component of biological membranes formed by nucleic acid and nucleoprotein in organisms, participates in substance conversion of photosynthesis, can strengthen synthesis and operation of sugar, and promotes nitrogen metabolism. Nitrogen can also improve the water filling degree of cells and the water binding capacity, enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance of plants, and influence the height, the pseudostem thickness, the leaf number and the leaf extension of banana plants. The application of phosphate fertilizer can promote the root development and fruiting of banana. The phosphorus deficiency of bananas is shown as follows: the new leaves are dark green at the beginning, purple brown spots appear at the leaf margins, and then serrate gangrene is formed, the new leaves grow slowly, the fruit combs are small, and the fruit fingers are short. The phosphorus requirement of common bananas is low, and the bananas can grow normally as long as the phosphorus content of soil reaches 0.001-0.002%. Except red soil, the general soil is not lack of phosphorus.
The potash fertilizer in the embodiment of the invention comprises chlorine-containing potash fertilizer and chlorine-free potash fertilizer, and mainly comprises potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and potassium nitrate. Because banana plants contain a large amount of potassium, the demand is the first of all elements. The potassium can be used as an activator of various enzymes, promotes the metabolic reaction of bananas, participates in photosynthesis, can activate starch synthase, and is beneficial to starch synthesis and sugar metabolism. Potassium can make bulbs and pseudostems of banana trees thick, leaves become thick, and the number of green leaves is kept large. Meanwhile, the potassium can promote the development of fruit ears, increase the comb number and the fruit number of the bananas, increase fruit fingers, increase the sugar content of the fruits, thicken and harden fruit peels, enhance the waterlogging resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance and disease and insect resistance of the bananas, shorten and thicken fruit ear stalks, reduce the phenomena of ear breakage, fruit ghost head yellow and the like.
The magnesium fertilizer in the embodiment of the invention is water-soluble magnesium fertilizer, and mainly comprises magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride and magnesium nitrate. Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll and also an activator of many enzymes, involved in nitrogen metabolism. Generally, bananas which are not applied with magnesium fertilizer for a long time or are applied with potassium fertilizer in large quantities are easy to have magnesium deficiency, leaves are withered and turn yellow and dizzy, but leaf edges are still green, only the leaf edges are yellowed with the leaves on two sides of a midrib, leaf stalks are purple spots, and leaf sheaths are separated from pseudostems. The banana leaf life is shortened in the absence of magnesium and the fruit development is influenced.
The boron fertilizer in the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises boric acid. Bananas absorb boron in the form of boric acid molecules. Boron facilitates plant fertilization and seed formation because it enables rapid germination of the crop pollen and rapid entry of the pollen tube into the ovary. Boron plays an important role in the growth and elongation of the root system of crops, because boron can promote the elongation and cell division of crop cells. Boron can enhance the stress resistance of crops, such as drought resistance, cold resistance and physiological disease resistance, and greatly improves the nitrogen fixation capacity of legume crop rhizobia. In addition, boron increases fruit set and legume set rates, since boron is involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism in crops.
The zinc fertilizer in the embodiment of the invention is at least one of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and zinc sulfate monohydrate. Zinc is an activator of some enzymes, playing an important role in photosynthesis. Zinc deficiency usually occurs in soil with higher pH value or over-limed soil, and is characterized by that the young leaves become obviously smaller, the leaves are in the form of needles, the leaves after spreading are staggered and green, sometimes the fruits are twisted and light green. The growth of the next generation is inhibited by long-term zinc deficiency.
The organic matter in the embodiment of the invention is at least one of humic acid (biochemical humic acid), fulvic acid (biochemical fulvic acid), amino acid, alginic acid and chitin. The main elements of the organic matter comprise carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, and simultaneously contain a large number of nutrient elements required by the growth and development of various plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and the like, which are one of the main sources of plant nutrition, not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also have long fertilizer efficiency, can promote the propagation of microorganisms, improve the physicochemical property and the biological activity of soil, and enhance the water retention property and the buffering property of the soil.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas includes the following steps:
s1: putting 15-60 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5-50 parts of a phosphate fertilizer and 20-60 parts of a potassium fertilizer into a crusher for crushing;
s2: putting the raw materials crushed in the step S1 into a stirrer, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
s3: adding 0.1-3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 0.1-2 parts of boron fertilizer and 0.5-2 parts of magnesium fertilizer into a stirrer, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
s4: and adding 0.5-7 parts of organic matters into a stirrer, and stirring for 1-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃ to obtain the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas.
In some embodiments, the banana pre-cultivation preparation work comprises: the selective drainage and irrigation are convenient, the land on which bananas are not planted is a banana planting land, a sugarcane land and a corn land are preferentially selected, weeds and sundries on the planting land are cleaned, and the planting land is selected to avoid a low-lying land. Digging a planting pit with the depth of 0.5 meter and the width of 1.5 meters, and feeding and discharging a water pipe and a drip pipe belt on the banana planting field. Taking banana seedlings as centers, installing sun-shading cloth at the bottoms of the banana seedlings, wherein the installation height of the sun-shading cloth is 40-50 cm, the distance between the edge of the sun-shading cloth and the edge of the planting pit is 15-20cm, and then exposing the banana planting land for 10-30 days.
The banana cultivation method provided by the invention is mainly characterized in that a special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas with a corresponding raw material ratio is applied according to the nutritional requirements of bananas in different growth periods. In some embodiments, the fertilization mode is rhizosphere fertilization or rhizosphere fertilization mainly, and extra-root topdressing is auxiliary. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for applying a special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas in different growth periods of bananas according to the invention, wherein the banana fertilizing process is as follows:
after 7 days of field planting of banana seedlings, 1 time of high-phosphorus macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g per plant.
After 15 days of field planting of banana seedlings, 1 time of high nitrogen type macroelement water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time. Then, applying the high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time.
When the banana seedlings grow to 12-15 leaves, the banana seedlings grow into a vegetative stage, and a balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every 7 days for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g/plant each time. And in the vegetative stage, namely 3-5 months after the bananas are planted in spring, the period is in the full vegetative growth stage, the requirements on various nutrients are very strong, and the reaction is most sensitive. The quality of banana tree growth and development is determined by rich and scarce fertilizer supply, if heavy fertilizer is applied, bananas can obtain sufficient nutrients, the banana trees grow into big-leaf and big-stem banana trees, efficient photosynthesis is carried out, a large number of organic matters are accumulated, and a material foundation is laid for flower bud differentiation in the next stage.
When the bananas grow into the bud stage, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g per plant each time. In the bud stage, the banana is planted in spring for 6-7 months. In the period, the flower buds are just in the differentiation process of reproductive growth, and a large amount of nutrients are needed for growth and development of young ears to form the ears with large ears and long fruits.
The fertilization conditions in the fruiting period are as follows: applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 30-50 g/plant each time.
In some embodiments, the mass ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in the high-phosphorus, high-nitrogen, high-potassium, and balanced macroelement water soluble fertilizers are 15:30:10, 29:6:15, 15:6:33, and 18:18:18, respectively.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these specific examples.
It should be noted that the banana planting land in the following 2 examples and comparative examples is selected from three adjacent land plots in the auspicious towns of the east county of the autonomous region of Guangxi, and the banana planting land in each example and comparative example occupies 60 mu. The banana seedlings in the following examples and comparative examples were all planted in spring, and the other cultivation conditions and cultivation methods were the same except for the fertilization method.
It should be noted that the raw materials of the high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and the balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in the following examples are as follows:
high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer: 20 parts of urea, 50 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 6 parts of organic matters.
High-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer: 60 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 25 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
High-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer: 30 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 55 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
Balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer: 35 parts of urea, 30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
Example 1
After the early preparation work for cultivating banana seedlings is finished, 10 jin of bio-organic fertilizer is paved in the planting pit, and then loose soil is covered on the organic fertilizer. Selecting strong banana seedlings with 4-5 leaves without disease spots to be planted in the planting pits, and planting the banana seedlings in a planting bed if the planting terrain is low; if the planting field is higher, the banana seedlings are fixedly planted in the planting pits, and 130 banana seedlings are planted in each mu. And applying the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas with corresponding types according to different requirements of the bananas on nutrition in different growth periods. The fertilization conditions were as follows:
and (3) seedling stage: after 7 days of field planting of banana seedlings, high-phosphorus banana special fertilizer is applied for 2 times, and the amount of fertilizer applied for one time is 20 g/plant each time. After 15 days of field planting of banana seedlings, the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied once, the fertilizing amount is 20 g/plant every time, and then the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied once every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 20 g/plant every time.
A nutrition period: when the bananas grow to 12-15 leaves, the balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is used for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 25 g per plant each time.
In the bud stage: the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is used for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 30 g/plant each time.
During the fruiting period: the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is used for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 35 g/plant each time.
In addition, the number of fruits which are suitable to be left is determined according to the growth vigor of banana plants in the bud period of the bananas, redundant buds are cut off, and a protection bag is sleeved after the bananas are fruited. The bananas are prevented from being damaged by diseases and insects by bagging, the quality and the appearance color of the bananas are improved, and the bananas can be picked after being ripe for 65-150 days.
Example 2
After the early preparation work for cultivating banana seedlings is finished, 10 jin of bio-organic fertilizer is paved in the planting pit, and then loose soil is covered on the organic fertilizer. Selecting strong banana seedlings with 4-5 leaves without disease spots, setting the banana seedlings in a setting pit, and planting the banana seedlings in a planting bed if the planting terrain is low; if the planting field is higher, the banana seedlings are placed in the planting pits for planting and fixing, and 130 banana seedlings are planted in each mu. And applying the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas with corresponding types according to different requirements of the bananas on nutrition in different growth periods. The fertilization conditions were as follows:
and (3) seedling stage: fertilizing time interval is 5-7 days in 1-2 months of planting banana, and fertilizing 5 times per month. Wherein, high nitrogen type macroelement water soluble fertilizer and high phosphorus type macroelement are applied alternately in 1 month, and the fertilizing amount is 10 g/plant each time; and alternately applying a high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in the 2 nd month, wherein the fertilizing amount is 15 g/plant each time.
A nutrition period: the fertilizer is applied once every 7 days for 3-5 months of banana planting, and is applied 4 times per month. Alternately applying a high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in the 3 rd month, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20 g/plant each time; and (4) fertilizing for 4 times per month in months 4 and 5, wherein the fertilizing time interval is 7 days, and alternately applying the balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and the high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 25 g/plant each time.
In the bud stage: fertilizing 4 times in 6 months of banana planting, wherein the fertilizing time interval is 5-7 days, and applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 30 g/plant each time; and (3) fertilizing for 4 times in the 7 th month, wherein the fertilizing time interval is 7 days, and applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 35 g/plant each time.
During the fruiting period: and (3) fertilizing 3 times per month in 8-9 months of banana planting, wherein the fertilizing time interval is 10 days, and applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 40 g/plant each time.
In addition, the number of fruits which are suitable to be left is determined according to the growth vigor of banana plants in the bud period of the bananas, redundant buds are cut off, and a protection bag is sleeved after the bananas are fruited. The bananas are prevented from being damaged by diseases and insects by bagging, the quality and the appearance color of the bananas are improved, and the bananas can be picked after being ripe for 65-150 days.
Comparative example 1
After the early preparation work for cultivating banana seedlings is finished, 10 jin of bio-organic fertilizer is paved in the planting pit, and then loose soil is covered on the organic fertilizer. Selecting strong banana seedlings with 4-5 leaves without disease spots to be planted in the planting pits, and planting the banana seedlings in a planting bed if the planting terrain is low; if the planting field is higher, the banana seedlings are fixedly planted in the planting pits, and 130 banana seedlings are planted in each mu. The banana is cultivated by applying the traditional fertilizer according to different requirements of the banana on nutrition in different growth periods. The fertilization conditions were as follows:
and (3) seedling stage: before field planting, applying 1 jin of ammonium bicarbonate to each banana, and carrying out drip irrigation once every 5-7 days after one week, wherein the application amount of the ammonium phosphate is 50 g/banana.
A nutrition period: and burying and applying the primary sulfur-based compound fertilizer when 12-15 leaves appear in the bananas. Then, water-soluble ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate are alternately applied every 5 to 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 50 g/plant.
In the bud emergence early stage: burying and applying the sulfur-based compound fertilizer once, wherein the fertilizing amount is 1.5 jin/plant.
In the bud emergence period: water-soluble potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate are alternately applied, the fertilizing amount is 50 g/plant, and the fertilizing time interval is 7 days.
During the fruiting period: water-soluble potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are alternately applied, the fertilizing amount is 50 g/plant, and the fertilizing time interval is 7 days.
In addition, the number of fruits which are suitable to be left is determined according to the growth vigor of banana plants in the bud period of the bananas, redundant buds are cut off, and a protection bag is sleeved after the bananas are fruited. The bananas are prevented from being damaged by diseases and insects by bagging, the quality and the appearance color of the bananas are improved, and the bananas can be picked after being ripe for 65-150 days.
The examination time of examples 1 to 3 is 3 years, and the data obtained by comparing the annual average investment cost, annual average acre yield and incidence rate of yellow leaf disease in 3 years are shown in table 1. Table 1 shows the cost, yield and incidence of xanthophylls of bananas corresponding to different fertilization methods in examples 1-3. As can be seen from the table 1, compared with the example 1 and the example 2 and the comparative example 1, compared with the traditional fertilizing mode, the fertilizing cost of bananas cultivated by the fertilizing mode of applying the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas of corresponding types is reduced, the yield is increased, and the physiological yellowing phenomenon is effectively controlled according to different requirements of the bananas on nutrition in different growth periods. Such as: compared with the traditional fertilization mode in the embodiment 3, the improved fertilization mode in the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the fertilizer input cost of each banana plant surface is saved by 4.5 yuan, the yield is increased by 770 jin/mu every year, the probability of the yellow leaf disease is 0.7 percent from 3 percent, and the occurrence probability of the yellow leaf disease is effectively reduced.
The yellow leaf disease of bananas is mainly caused by insufficient nutrient elements or unreasonable nutrient application. For example, the deficiency of medium trace elements easily causes physiological yellowing of banana trees. Too much use of chicken manure, compound fertilizer and low-quality elemental fertilizer can cause severe soil acidification and is also an important cause of banana yellow leaf disease. The fertilizing method used by the invention can greatly reduce the use of compound fertilizers and elemental fertilizers, and the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas used in the embodiment of the invention contains organic substances and medium and trace elements, so that the soil environment can be greatly improved, and the occurrence of yellow leaf disease can be controlled.
The banana cultivation method effectively solves the problems of high fertilization cost, low yield and serious physiological yellowing of bananas cultivated by the current domestic traditional fertilization method, and can reduce the fertilizer cost of banana growers and improve the income of plants.
Table 1: cost, yield and incidence of yellow leaf disease for bananas in examples 1-3
It should be understood, however, that the description herein and the accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for the purpose of providing a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure. Moreover, the above technical features are combined with each other to form various embodiments which are not listed above, and all the embodiments are regarded as the scope of the present invention described in the specification; further, modifications and variations will occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A banana cultivation method, characterized in that the banana cultivation method comprises: applying a special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas to the bananas in each growth period;
the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-60 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-50 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20-60 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.1-3 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.1-3 parts of zinc fertilizer and 0.5-7 parts of organic matter.
2. The banana cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the banana-dedicated macroelement water-soluble fertilizer comprises: the fertilizer comprises a high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer;
the method for applying the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas to bananas in each growth period comprises the following steps:
after 7 days of field planting of banana seedlings, applying the high-phosphorus macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time;
after 15 days of field planting of the banana seedlings, applying the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time;
after the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied, the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 10-30 g/plant each time;
after 12-15 leaves appear on banana seedlings, applying the balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g/plant each time;
after buds of the bananas are extracted, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days, and the fertilizing amount is 20-40 g/plant each time;
and after the bananas are fruited, applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time every 7 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 30-50 g/plant each time.
3. The banana cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and the balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen element, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15:30:10, 29:6:15, 15:6:33 and 18:18:18, respectively.
4. The special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-60 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-50 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 20-60 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 0.1-3 parts of boron fertilizer, 0.1-3 parts of zinc fertilizer and 0.5-7 parts of organic matter.
5. The banana cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-60 parts of urea, 5-50 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20-60 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 0.1-3 parts of boric acid, 0.1-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.5-7 parts of organic matters; the mass ratio of the elements magnesium, boron and zinc in the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas is 2:1: 1.
6. The banana cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the high-phosphorus type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20 parts of urea, 50 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 6 parts of organic matters.
7. The banana cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the high nitrogen type macroelement water soluble fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 25 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
8. The banana cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 55 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
9. The banana cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein the balanced macroelement water soluble fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35 parts of urea, 30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride and/or potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and/or magnesium nitrate, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of organic matters.
10. A method for preparing the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: putting 15-60 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5-50 parts of a phosphate fertilizer and 20-60 parts of a potassium fertilizer into a crusher for crushing;
s2: putting the raw materials crushed in the step S1 into a stirrer, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
s3: adding 0.1-3 parts of zinc fertilizer, 0.1-3 parts of boron fertilizer and 0.5-3 parts of magnesium fertilizer into a stirrer, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃;
s4: and adding 0.5-7 parts of organic matters into a stirrer, and stirring for 1-2 hours at the temperature of below 40 ℃ to obtain the special macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for bananas.
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| CN112778038A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-11 | 海南大学 | Banana nutrition formula and formula using method |
| CN113229028A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-10 | 海南大学 | Fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas |
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| CN113229028A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-10 | 海南大学 | Fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas |
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