CN113229028A - Fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas - Google Patents
Fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229028A CN113229028A CN202110632500.7A CN202110632500A CN113229028A CN 113229028 A CN113229028 A CN 113229028A CN 202110632500 A CN202110632500 A CN 202110632500A CN 113229028 A CN113229028 A CN 113229028A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas, which strictly controls fertilizing time, fertilizer types and fertilizing dosage according to nutrient requirement rules and soil nutrient conditions of bananas in each growth period, scientifically applies organic slow-release fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer and synergistic additive, reduces fertilizer application amount to a great extent, saves cost and improves soil fertility; the photosynthesis synergist can effectively promote photosynthesis, improve the photosynthesis efficiency and facilitate the fruit expansion, thereby increasing the banana yield; the fertilizing method can obviously improve the vitamin C content and the sugar-acid ratio of the fruits, improve the taste of the bananas and achieve the effects of saving fertilizers, improving quality and increasing yield under the condition of reduced fertilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizing method, in particular to a fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas.
Background
Bananas are very healthy tropical fruits rich in antioxidants (vitamin a, vitamin B6, vitamin C, etc.) and mineral nutrients (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, etc.), one of the most important economic and food crops in tropical regions of the world. Bananas are also one of the most valuable export agricultural products and are widely planted in tropical regions where the world is fit. Bananas are planted in 120 countries all over the world, and planting areas are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas between 30 degrees of north and south latitude. The annual yield of bananas is about hundred million tons all over the world, and the total yield only comes after rice, wheat and corn. China is one of the major producing countries of bananas in the world, and the economic benefit of bananas is higher compared with other crops.
Bananas are perennial evergreen monocotyledon herbaceous plants, are used as the largest herbaceous flowering plants in the world, have the growth period of 14 months, and need to be supplemented with nutrients in each growth period. From planting to harvest, 5-6kg of organic fertilizer is needed for each banana, and 6.1kg of pure nitrogen, 0.52% of pure phosphorus and 18.9kg of pure potassium are needed for each growing banana. The lack of fertilizer results in slow growth of banana plants, reduced fruit numbers, and effects on the formation of photosynthetic products and fruit growth. The banana has certain rule and proportion for the fertilizer, the soil quality and the nutrient content are different, and the fertilizer application proportion is adjusted correspondingly. The following problems mainly exist in the current planting production of bananas: firstly, the fertilization structure is unreasonable, bananas are potassium-loving crops, the requirement on nitrogen and phosphorus is low, and the problems of blind partial fertilization, excessive fertilization and the like exist; secondly, the problem of untimely nutrient supply or nutrient loss caused by unreasonable fertilization period is solved; thirdly, the fertilizer application is emphasized, but the application amount of the organic fertilizer is insufficient, the fertilizer utilization rate is low and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a fertilizer-saving and yield-increasing fertilizing method for scientifically applying organic slow-release fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer and synergistic auxiliary agent to bananas.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas comprises the following steps:
s1, applying 3-10 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.1-0.45 kg of organic slow-release fertilizer per plant as base fertilizers at the seedling stage, additionally applying 150-200 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 80-112 g of potassium sulfate per plant in 4-6 times, and applying for 13-17 days;
s2, in a vegetative growth period, applying 3-10 kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 0.53-1.2 kg of organic slow-release fertilizer per plant, additionally applying 600-700 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 600-700 ml of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per plant respectively, and applying 100-135 g of potassium sulfate per plant 7-10 times, wherein the period is 13-17 days;
s3, in the bud drawing period of the bananas, 0.2-0.8 kg of organic slow release fertilizer is applied to each banana, 34-50 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 300-400 ml of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 100-150 g of potassium sulfate are additionally applied to each banana, the application is carried out for 3-5 times, and the period is 13-17 days;
s4, in the fruit growth and development period, applying 90-110 ml/plant of calcium-magnesium water-soluble fertilizer, additionally applying 121-140 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 1000-1100 ml/plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 350-400 g/plant of potassium sulfate, applying for 4-6 times with a period of 13-17 days, and spraying 130-170 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter on leaf surfaces.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, applying 5 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 0.25 kg/plant of organic slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer in a seedling stage, additionally applying 180 ml/plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 98 g/plant of potassium sulfate in 5 times, wherein the period is 15 days;
s2, in a vegetative growth period, applying 5kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 1kg of organic slow-release fertilizer per plant, additionally applying 645ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 645ml of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per plant respectively, and applying 114g of potassium sulfate per plant for 7 times, wherein the period is 15 days;
s3, in the bud drawing period of the bananas, applying 0.5kg of organic slow release fertilizer to each banana plant, additionally applying 44 ml/plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 364 ml/plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 125 g/plant of potassium sulfate, and applying for 4 times with a period of 15 days;
s4, in the fruit growth and development period, 100 ml/plant of calcium-magnesium water-soluble fertilizer is applied, 131ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 1091 ml/plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 373 g/plant of potassium sulfate are additionally applied in 5 times, the period is 15 days, and 150 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
Furthermore, the fertilizing method adopts furrow application, and furrows with the depth of 17-24 cm are formed at the positions 12-18 cm away from the banana plants.
Further, the organic slow release fertilizer in the step S1 and the step S2 is 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer.
Further, the organic slow release fertilizer in the step S3 is 7-3-15 organic slow release fertilizer.
Further, the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 5-5-10 of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the banana is a treasure banana.
The drip irrigation supporting facility applying the water soluble fertilizer can be replaced by a spray irrigation belt, so that the equipment cost is saved, but the phenomenon that the banana is insufficient in nutrient utilization is likely to occur. The photosynthesis synergist can also be directly irrigated in the near-root area, so that the inconvenience of spraying is reduced, but the absorption and utilization effects of the photosynthesis synergist are less than those of the photosynthesis synergist sprayed on the back of the leaves.
The invention has the following advantages: according to the fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas, provided by the invention, the fertilizer application time, the fertilizer type and the fertilizer application dosage are strictly controlled according to the nutrient requirement rule of each growth period of bananas and the soil nutrient condition, and the organic slow-release fertilizer, the water-soluble fertilizer and the synergistic additive are scientifically applied in a matched manner, so that the fertilizer application amount is reduced to a great extent, the cost is saved, and the soil fertility is improved; the photosynthesis synergist can effectively promote photosynthesis, improve the photosynthesis efficiency and facilitate the fruit expansion, thereby increasing the banana yield; the fertilizing method can obviously improve the vitamin C content and the sugar-acid ratio of the fruits, improve the taste of the bananas and achieve the effects of saving fertilizers, improving quality and increasing yield under the condition of reduced fertilization.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples, without limiting the scope of the invention to the following:
example 1: a fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas comprises the following steps:
s1, applying 3 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 0.1 kg/plant of 8-4-8 organic slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer in the seedling stage, additionally applying 11-3-6 total 150 ml/plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 80 g/plant of potassium sulfate, and applying for 4 times with a cycle of 13 days;
s2, in a vegetative growth period, applying 3kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 0.53kg of 8-4-8 organic slow-release fertilizer per plant, additionally applying 600ml of each of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per plant, and applying 100g of potassium sulfate per plant for 7 times, wherein the period is 13 days;
s3, in the bud drawing period of the bananas, 0.2kg of 7-3-15 organic slow release fertilizer is applied to each banana, 34ml of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 300ml of 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 100g of potassium sulfate are additionally applied to each banana, the application is carried out for 3 times, and the period is 13 days;
s4, in the fruit growth and development period, 90 ml/plant of calcium-magnesium water-soluble fertilizer is applied, 121ml of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 1000 ml/plant of 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 350 g/plant of potassium sulfate are additionally applied in 4 times, the period is 13 days, and 130 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
Wherein, furrow application is adopted, and a furrow with the depth of 17cm is formed at the position 12cm away from the banana plant.
Example 2: a fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas comprises the following steps:
s1, applying 10 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 0.45 kg/plant of 8-4-8 organic slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer in a seedling stage, additionally applying 11-3-6 total 200 ml/plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 112 g/plant of potassium sulfate, and applying for 6 times with a cycle of 17 days;
s2, in a vegetative growth period, applying 10kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 1.2kg of 8-4-8 organic slow-release fertilizer per plant, additionally applying 700ml of each of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per plant, and applying 135g of potassium sulfate per plant for 10 times, wherein the period is 17 days;
s3, in the bud drawing period of the bananas, 0.8kg of 7-3-15 kg of organic slow release fertilizer is applied to each banana, 50 ml/plant of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 400 ml/plant of 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 150 g/plant of potassium sulfate are additionally applied, and the period is 17 days;
s4, in the fruit growth and development period, applying 110 ml/plant of calcium-magnesium water-soluble fertilizer, additionally applying 140ml of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 1100 ml/plant of 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 400 g/plant of potassium sulfate, applying for 6 times with the period of 17 days, and spraying 170 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter on leaf surfaces.
Wherein, furrow application is adopted, and a furrow with the depth of 24cm is formed at the position 18cm away from the banana plant.
Example 3: a fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas comprises the following steps:
s1, applying 5 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 0.25 kg/plant of 8-4-8 organic slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer in a seedling stage, additionally applying 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with the total volume of 180 ml/plant and 98 g/plant of potassium sulfate, and applying the fertilizer for 5 times with the period of 15 days;
s2, in a vegetative growth period, applying 5kg of organic fertilizer per plant, 1kg of 8-4-8 organic slow-release fertilizer per plant, additionally applying 645ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per plant respectively, and applying 114g of potassium sulfate per plant for 7 times, wherein the period is 15 days;
s3, in the bud drawing period of the bananas, applying 0.5kg of 7-3-15 organic slow release fertilizer to each banana, additionally applying 44 ml/plant of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 364 ml/plant of 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 125 g/plant of potassium sulfate, and applying for 4 times with the period of 15 days;
s4, in the growth and development period of fruits, 100 ml/plant of calcium-magnesium water-soluble fertilizer is applied, 131ml of 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 1091 ml/plant of 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 373 g/plant of potassium sulfate are additionally applied in 5 times, the period is 15 days, and 150 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
Wherein, furrow application is adopted, and a furrow with the depth of 20cm is formed at the position 15cm away from the banana plant.
Test example:
1. test time: 2019.12.19 to 2020.12.. 24;
2. test site: the test site is located in Dajicun (north latitude N19 degrees 49 '51.7', east longitude E109 degrees 57 '19.1') of Chengmei county, Hainan province, and the soil is brick red soil.
3. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the method of the invention is adopted to fertilize banana in test lands, wherein the formula, the application amount and the application time of the fertilizer are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 formulation, application rates and application times of the fertilizers of the method of the invention
Wherein, the organic fertilizer and the organic slow release fertilizer are applied in a furrow application manner; drip irrigation is carried out on the water soluble fertilizer and the potassium sulfate in a water fertilizer mode; the photosynthesis synergist is diluted 400 times with clear water and sprayed to the back of leaf in fruit growing period.
4. And (3) detection: collecting soil in each growth period of bananas, and collecting leaves in bud drawing period and fruit growth period of bananas for analysis and determination. The detection land comprises an experimental land, a farmer fertilization area and an organic slow-release fertilizer area; collecting soil and leaf samples, and carrying out external heating according to an organic matter-potassium dichromate method; alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; efficient phospho-spectrophotometry; and (3) detecting the content of the soil nutrients by a quick-acting potassium-flame photometer. According to the digestion of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, a visible light spectrophotometer method is adopted; and (3) measuring the mineral nutrient content of the leaves by using a total potassium-dry ashing flame photometer method.
5. And (3) detection results:
(1) the soil nutrient content before the test is as follows: the organic matter content is 24.4g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 68.95mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 42.98mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 42.86 mg/kg.
(2) The comparison of soil nutrient status in two fertilization modes during the growth and development period of banana fruits is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of soil nutrient status in two fertilizing methods during growth and development period of banana fruits
As can be seen from the table 2, in the growth and development period of the banana fruits, the organic slow release fertilizer and the water soluble fertilizer are applied in a matched manner, so that the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting potassium in soil can be obviously increased, sufficient potassium element is provided for the growth and development of the banana fruits, and the content of effective phosphorus and organic matters in the soil has no obvious difference from a farmer fertilization area under the condition of reduced fertilization.
(3) The comparison of the banana quality indexes of the method and the farmer fertilization area is shown in the table 3:
TABLE 3 comparison of Banana quality index in fertilization area with new formulation
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the farmer fertilization area, the Vc content and the sugar-acid ratio of the fertilizer treated by adopting the formula of the invention are obviously improved by 14.6 percent and 5.86 percent respectively; the soluble sugar, soluble solid and total acid-solid ratio have no significant difference.
(4) The economic benefits of the method of the invention compared with the farmer fertilization areas are shown in Table 4:
table 4 comparison of economic benefits of fertilization with the formulation of the present invention and farmer fertilization areas
According to the detection result, the following results are obtained: the fertilizing method can be used for fertilizing soil fertility and improving fruit yield; the photosynthesis synergist can effectively promote photosynthesis, improve the photosynthesis efficiency and facilitate the fruit expansion; and the fertilizing method can obviously improve the vitamin C content and the sugar-acid ratio of the fruits, improve the taste of the bananas and achieve the effects of saving fertilizers, improving quality and increasing yield under the condition of reduced fertilization.
The fertilizers are all sold in the market, wherein 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer, 7-3-15 organic slow release fertilizer and 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer are purchased from Wanli Shennong Co.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, applying 3-10 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.1-0.45 kg of organic slow-release fertilizer per plant as base fertilizers at the seedling stage, additionally applying 150-200 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 80-112 g of potassium sulfate per plant in 4-6 times, and applying for 13-17 days;
s2, in a vegetative growth period, applying 3-10 kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 0.53-1.2 kg of organic slow-release fertilizer per plant, additionally applying 600-700 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 600-700 ml of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per plant respectively, and applying 100-135 g of potassium sulfate per plant 7-10 times, wherein the period is 13-17 days;
s3, in the bud drawing period of the bananas, 0.2-0.8 kg of organic slow release fertilizer is applied to each banana, 34-50 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 300-400 ml of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 100-150 g of potassium sulfate are additionally applied to each banana, the application is carried out for 3-5 times, and the period is 13-17 days;
s4, in the fruit growth and development period, applying 90-110 ml/plant of calcium-magnesium water-soluble fertilizer, additionally applying 121-140 ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 1000-1100 ml/plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 350-400 g/plant of potassium sulfate, applying for 4-6 times with a period of 13-17 days, and spraying 130-170 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter on leaf surfaces.
2. The fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
s1, applying 5 kg/plant of organic fertilizer and 0.25 kg/plant of organic slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer in a seedling stage, additionally applying 180 ml/plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 98 g/plant of potassium sulfate in 5 times, wherein the period is 15 days;
s2, in a vegetative growth period, applying 5kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 1kg of organic slow-release fertilizer per plant, additionally applying 645ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 645ml of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per plant respectively, and applying 114g of potassium sulfate per plant for 7 times, wherein the period is 15 days;
s3, in the bud drawing period of the bananas, applying 0.5kg of organic slow release fertilizer to each banana plant, additionally applying 44 ml/plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 364 ml/plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 125 g/plant of potassium sulfate, and applying for 4 times with a period of 15 days;
s4, in the fruit growth and development period, 100 ml/plant of calcium-magnesium water-soluble fertilizer is applied, 131ml of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 1091 ml/plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 373 g/plant of potassium sulfate are additionally applied in 5 times, the period is 15 days, and 150 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is sprayed on leaf surfaces.
3. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fertilizer application method adopts furrow application, and furrows with the depth of 17-24 cm are formed at a distance of 12-18 cm from banana plants.
4. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic slow release fertilizer in steps S1 and S2 is 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer.
5. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic slow release fertilizer in step S3 is 7-3-15 organic slow release fertilizer.
6. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 11-3-6 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer.
7. The fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 5-5-10 high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (kalizinong limited).
8. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of bananas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bananas are bananas in the Bao island.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112778038A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-11 | 海南大学 | Banana nutrition formula and formula using method |
| CN114009193A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-08 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Banana nutrient regulation and control method integrating coupling controlled-release formula fertilizer and water fertilizer |
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