CN111758358B - Fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and improving efficiency of litchis - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and improving efficiency of litchis Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758358B CN111758358B CN202010778461.7A CN202010778461A CN111758358B CN 111758358 B CN111758358 B CN 111758358B CN 202010778461 A CN202010778461 A CN 202010778461A CN 111758358 B CN111758358 B CN 111758358B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency of litchi, which comprises the following steps: (1) after picking fruits and cutting trees, applying 15-20 kg of organic fertilizer per plant as base fertilizer; (2) applying 0.8-1.2 kg of organic slow release fertilizer per plant after the second roof top period; (3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.4-0.6 kg of organic slow release fertilizer, 0.08-0.12 kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.08-0.12 kg of borax; (4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 0.8-1.2 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.6-0.9 kg of organic slow release fertilizer and 20-30 g of potassium sulfate; (5) in the fruit swelling period, 100-200 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is applied. The fertilizing method disclosed by the invention can reduce the fertilizer consumption, improve the soil fertility, improve the fruit yield, effectively promote photosynthesis, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, facilitate the fruit expansion and filling, promote the fruit color change and sweetening, further effectively improve the soluble sugar, Vc and other qualities of the litchi fruits, and achieve the effects of saving fertilizer, improving the quality and increasing the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of litchi, in particular to a fertilizing method for saving fertilizers and improving efficiency of litchi.
Background
Litchi plays an active role in agricultural economic development as an important subtropical fruit in China. The current litchi production technology mainly has the following problems: firstly, the fertilization technology is difficult to master, the problems of blind application, excessive fertilization, unreasonable fertilization method and period and the like exist, the fertilizer efficiency is low, and the non-point source pollution is serious; secondly, the dissolution speed of the common fertilizer is high and the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients is not high in the conventional fertilization technology; thirdly, most of the existing slow release fertilizers are monomer fertilizers, and the abuse phenomenon of the slow release fertilizers is caused due to the lack of fertilizer using amount and fertilization technical guidance during application. In addition, the single fertilizer application in the specific growth period of the crops cannot meet the requirements of people on quality improvement and efficiency improvement of agricultural products.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency of litchi, and solves the technical problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a litchi fertilizer saving and efficiency improving fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) after picking fruits of litchis and cutting trees, applying 15-20 kg of organic fertilizer per plant as base fertilizer;
(2) applying 0.8-1.2 kg of organic slow release fertilizer per plant after the second canopy; the second canopy shoot is a second autumn shoot extracted from the litchi body after fruit picking and tree cutting, and is one of the fruiting branches in the second year;
(3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.4-0.6 kg of organic slow release fertilizer, 0.08-0.12 kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.08-0.12 kg of borax;
(4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 0.8-1.2 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.6-0.9 kg of organic slow release fertilizer and 20-30 g of potassium sulfate;
(5) in the fruit swelling period, the photosynthesis promoter is applied at a rate of 100-200 g/mu.
And (4) fertilizing in the periods from (1) to (4) by adopting a furrow fertilization mode, wherein 2 furrows are formed in the furrows along the diagonal line of the dripping line of the litchi crown, the positions of the furrows are changed in fertilization in different periods, namely, the positions of the furrows for fertilization in the next time are staggered from the positions of the furrows for fertilization in the previous time, soil is timely backfilled after fertilization is performed, and water is timely filled after topdressing is performed.
Preferably, the groove is 15-20cm deep, 45-55 cm long and 20-30cm wide.
Preferably, N, P in the organic slow release fertilizer2O5、K2The mass percentage of O is 8 percent, 4 percent and 8 percent.
Preferably N, P in said compound fertilizer2O5、K2The mass percentage of O is 14 percent, 14 percent and 30 percent.
Preferably, the photosynthesis promoter is diluted by 250-500 times with clear water and is sprayed on the back of the leaves.
Preferably, the litchi fertilizer saving and efficiency improving fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the fruits of the litchis are picked, 20kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant as base fertilizer after the trees are cut;
(2) applying 1kg of organic slow release fertilizer per plant after the second canopy;
(3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.5kg of organic slow release fertilizer, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg of borax;
(4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 1kg of compound fertilizer, 0.75kg of organic slow release fertilizer and 25g of potassium sulfate;
(5) in the fruit swelling period, 150 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is applied, diluted by 400 times with clear water and sprayed on the back of the leaves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by adopting the fertilizing method, the organic fertilizer, the organic slow-release fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the photosynthesis promoter are applied in a matched manner, so that the fertilizer consumption is reduced, the yield and the quality of the litchis are improved, and the aims of saving fertilizer, improving quality and increasing efficiency of the litchis orchard are fulfilled at a certain application amount.
(2) Compared with the traditional fertilization mode, the fertilization method disclosed by the invention can reduce the fertilizer consumption, increase the soil fertility, improve the fruit yield, effectively promote photosynthesis, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, facilitate the fruit expansion and filling, promote the fruit color change and sweetening, further effectively improve the soluble sugar, Vc and other qualities of the litchi fruits, and achieve the effects of saving fertilizer, improving quality and increasing yield.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical contents of the invention may be better understood, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
The invention 8-N, P in 4-8 organic slow release fertilizer2O5、K2The mass percentage of O is 8 percent, 4 percent and 8 percent;
n, P in 14-14-30 compound fertilizer2O5、K2The mass percentage of O is 14 percent, 14 percent and 30 percent.
The photosynthesis promoter used in the invention is a Happy ploughing promoter of Wanli Shennong Limited company.
The fertilization in the steps (1) to (4) adopts a ditch fertilization mode, wherein 2 ditches (with the depth of 15-20cm, the length of 45-55 cm and the width of 20-30cm) are arranged along the diagonal line of the dripping line of the litchi crown, the ditch positions are changed during fertilization at different periods, namely, the next fertilization ditching is staggered from the position of the ditch for fertilization at the previous time, soil is timely refilled after fertilization is performed, and water is timely irrigated after topdressing is performed.
Example 1
A fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency of litchi comprises the following steps:
(1) in a Feizixiao litchi orchard, after fruit picking, 20kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each tree as base fertilizer after cutting the trees;
(2) after the second canopy, applying 1 kg/plant of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer;
(3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.5kg of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg of borax;
(4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 1kg of 14-14-30 compound fertilizer, 0.75kg of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer and 25g of potassium sulfate;
(5) in the fruit swelling period, 150 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is applied, diluted by 400 times with clear water and sprayed on the back of the leaves.
Example 2
A litchi fertilizer saving and efficiency improving fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) applying 15kg of organic fertilizer per plant as base fertilizer after picking fruits and cutting trees in the Feizixiao litchi orchard;
(2) after the second sprouting period, applying 1.2 kg/plant of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer;
(3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.6kg of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer, 0.12kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.12kg of borax;
(4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 0.8kg of 14-14-30 compound fertilizer, 0.6kg of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer and 20g of potassium sulfate;
(5) in the fruit swelling period, 120 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is applied, diluted by 500 times with clear water and sprayed on the back of the leaves.
Example 3
A fertilizing method for saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency of litchi comprises the following steps:
(1) applying 18 kg/plant of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer after picking and cutting the fruits in Feizixiao litchi orchard;
(2) after the second festoon stage, 0.8 kg/plant of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer is applied;
(3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.4kg of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer, 0.08kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.08kg of borax;
(4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 1.2kg of 14-14-30 compound fertilizer, 0.9kg of 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer and 30g of potassium sulfate;
(5) in the fruit swelling period, 180 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is applied, diluted by 300 times with clear water and sprayed on the back of the leaves.
Test examples
The test site is located in Wenchang Baoyuan of Hainan province (north latitude N19 degrees 41 '57.5 degrees, east longitude E110 degrees 49' 54.7 degrees), and the soil is sandy loam. The soil nutrient content before the test is as follows: the organic matter content is 18.2g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 68.60mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 227mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 89.77 mg/kg. The fertilizing method is compared with the traditional fertilizing method of farmers. The two are the same species of litchi, both Feizixiao litchi species.
According to the fertilization formula of the embodiment 1 of the invention, the fertilization method of the embodiment 1 is adopted for fertilization.
Comparative example: traditional fertilizing method for peasant households
Traditional fertilizing method for peasant households, N-P of compound fertilizer2O5-K2The proportion of the O nutrient is 15 percent to 15 percent, the leaf fertilizers are two, and Strongeli high-nitrogen water fertilizer and N-P are used in the early tip period2O5-K2The content of O nutrient is 180-40-80g/L, and the Strobiluria high-phosphorus high-potassium water fertilizer, N-P, is used in fruit period2O5-K2The content of the O nutrient is respectively 70-210-250 g/L.
(1) Collecting soil and leaf samples in each growth period of litchi for analysis and determination.
And (3) detection: collecting soil and leaf samples according to an alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; organic matter-potassium dichromate external heating method; efficient phospho-spectrophotometry; rapid potassium-flame photometry; adopting a visible light spectrophotometer method of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide digestion; and (3) measuring the mineral nutrient content of the leaves by using a total potassium-dry ashing flame photometer method. The detection results are as follows:
TABLE 1 comparison of soil nutrient status in litchi swelling period under two fertilizing methods
Compared with the traditional fertilizer application of farmers, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer application method is obviously reduced, and the comparison of soil nutrient data under the two fertilizer application modes in the table 1 shows that the pH value, the organic matter content and the quick-acting potassium content of the soil are obviously increased (P is less than 0.05), sufficient potassium element is provided for fruit expansion, the effective phosphorus content of the soil is reduced but still in the healthy range of the soil, and the alkaline nitrogen content of the soil is not obviously different from that of the traditional fertilizer application mode (P is more than 0.05) under the condition of reducing fertilizer application.
(2) The fertilization method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is compared with the litchi fruit yield and quality of the traditional farmer fertilization area.
TABLE 2 comparison of litchi fruit yield and quality under two fertilization modes
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the conventional farmer fertilization area (farmer area), the soluble sugar content, the Vc content, the soluble solid content and the sugar-acid ratio of the fertilization method (test area) provided by the invention are significantly different (P is less than 0.05), and are respectively increased by 36.9%, 4.0%, 6.5% and 23.2%, and the total acid content is not significantly different (P is more than 0.05).
(3) The fertilizer application method is compared with the nutrient consumption of the fertilizer in the traditional farmer fertilizer application area, and the economic benefit is compared.
The related calculation formula of the fertilizer nutrient consumption is as follows:
the dosage of the urea is equal to the nutrient demand (N)/0.46;
the amount of monopotassium phosphate is equal to the nutrient demand (P)2O5)/0.52；
Potassium sulfate (required amount of nutrients (K))2O) -monopotassium phosphate dosage 0.34)/0.5;
the dosage of the 8-4-8 organic slow release fertilizer (calculated by nitrogen) is equal to the nutrient demand (N)/0.08;
magnesium sulfate dosage is equal to nutrient demand (MgO)/0.18;
the borax dosage is equal to the nutrient demand (B)/0.1.
TABLE 3 comparison of economic benefits of the fertilization area using the method of the present invention with the traditional farmer fertilization area
The results show that the fertilizing method disclosed by the invention can reduce the fertilizer consumption, increase the soil fertility, improve the fruit yield, effectively promote photosynthesis, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, facilitate the fruit expansion and filling, promote the fruit color change and sweetening, further effectively improve the soluble sugar, Vc and other qualities of the litchi fruits, and achieve the effects of saving fertilizer, improving quality and increasing yield.
In addition, the fertilization methods of the embodiments 2 to 3 are adopted, so that better effects are obtained.
By adopting the fertilizing method of the embodiment 2-3, the quality and the yield can be improved and the economic benefit can be increased on the premise of reducing the fertilizing amount.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A fertilizer-saving and efficiency-increasing fertilizing method for litchi is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after picking fruits of litchis and cutting trees, applying 15-20 kg of organic fertilizer per plant as base fertilizer;
(2) applying 0.8-1.2 kg of organic slow release fertilizer per plant after the second roof top period;
(3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.4-0.6 kg of organic slow release fertilizer, 0.08-0.12 kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.08-0.12 kg of borax;
(4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 0.8-1.2 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.6-0.9 kg of organic slow release fertilizer and 20-30 g of potassium sulfate;
(5) applying 200 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter in the fruit swelling period;
n, P in the organic slow release fertilizer2O5、K2The mass percentage of O is 8 percent, 4 percent and 8 percent;
n, P in the compound fertilizer2O5、K2The mass percentage of O is 14 percent and 1 percent 4％、30％。
2. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and improving efficiency of litchi chinensis Sonn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application in the stages (1) - (4) adopts a furrow application mode, and the furrows are 2 furrows diagonally opened along the dripping line of the crown of litchi chinensis Sonn.
3. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and improving efficiency of litchi chinensis Sonn as claimed in claim 2, wherein the size of the ditch is 15-20cm deep, 45-55 cm long and 20-30cm wide.
4. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and improving efficiency of litchi according to claim 1, wherein the photosynthesis promoter is diluted by 250-500 times with clear water and sprayed on the back of leaves.
5. The fertilizer application method for saving fertilizer and improving efficiency of litchi chinensis Sonn as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after the fruits of the litchis are picked, 20kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant as base fertilizer after the trees are cut;
(2) applying 1kg of organic slow release fertilizer per plant after the second canopy;
(3) in the flowering period, the dosage of each plant is 0.5kg of organic slow release fertilizer, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg of borax;
(4) in the small fruit period, the using amount of each plant is 1kg of compound fertilizer, 0.75kg of organic slow release fertilizer and 25g of potassium sulfate;
(5) in the fruit swelling period, 150 g/mu of photosynthesis promoter is applied, diluted by 400 times with clear water and sprayed on the back of the leaves.
6. The method for fertilizing litchi fertilizers saving synergies according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the litchi is Feizixiao litchi.
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| CN102948349A (en) * | 2011-08-27 | 2013-03-06 | 骆伟伟 | Planting method of Nuomici litchi trees |
| CN104396413A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-11 | 吴洁远 | Fertilizing method of Jizui litchi |
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| CN102948349A (en) * | 2011-08-27 | 2013-03-06 | 骆伟伟 | Planting method of Nuomici litchi trees |
| CN104396413A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-11 | 吴洁远 | Fertilizing method of Jizui litchi |
| CN108271612A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-07-13 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cost-saving synergistic cultivation technique of lichee new varieties ' bird with red feathers is crisp ' lichee |
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