CN106688417A - Grape water fertilizer integrated nutritional package fertilization method - Google Patents
Grape water fertilizer integrated nutritional package fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106688417A CN106688417A CN201710016302.1A CN201710016302A CN106688417A CN 106688417 A CN106688417 A CN 106688417A CN 201710016302 A CN201710016302 A CN 201710016302A CN 106688417 A CN106688417 A CN 106688417A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention provides a grape water fertilizer integrated nutritional package fertilization method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: S1, after fruit harvesting, applying a high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer (19-45-6), an organic microbial agent and a soil conditioner; S2, before germination and flowering, applying a high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer (19-45-6), a bacterial liquid, a foliar boron fertilizer and an organic carbon fertilizer; S3, in a young fruit expanding stage, applying a calcium magnesium fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6), a bacterial liquid and a foliar calcium fertilizer; and S4, in a fruit expanding color changing stage, applying a high potassium fertilizer (15-5-32), an organic carbon fertilizer and a foliar calcium fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects that the fertilizer ratio is reasonable, the fertilization period is reasonable, fertilization is performed according to the grape nutrition requirement period, and the fertilizer utilization rate is effectively improved. The adopted fertigation is a precise fertilization method and is only applied to roots, fertilizer water infiltrates areas where root systems are located, and the fertilizer utilization rate is significantly increased; and compared with conventional fertilization methods, the method has the fertilizer amount saved more than or equal to 50% and the labor saved more than or equal to 60%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wine-growing field, in particular it relates to a kind of grape high-yield upgrading nutrient combo fertilizing method.
Background technology
Grape contains abundant nutrition, and with its delicious mouthfeel, special local flavor is liked by people all over the world.
China's Table Grape Main Cultivars include that Ju Feng, rattan harvest the America and Europe hybrid such as black with the summer;The red earth, rose fragrant and the gloomy nothings of Ke Li
Core etc. is Eurasian to plant.American-European hybrid grape leaf color depth, fallen leaves are early, and winter resistance and disease resistance are planted better than Eurasian.
Grape growth is vigorous, and result quantities are big, and the demand to soil nutrient is also more, and research shows, often produces 1000kg red
Rosy clouds pearl grape, needs nitrogen (N) 5.95kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 3.95kg, potassium (K2O)7.68kg.1000kg Red globe grapes are often produced, is needed
Nitrogen (N) 5.4kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1.8kg, potassium (K2O)7.8kg.Wherein, the prosperous nitrogen of Long-term absorption 39% of young sprout, absorbs 27.5%
Potassium;Florescence absorbed nitrogen potassium 1:1;Fruit expanding period absorbs 30.5% nitrogen, 47% phosphorus, 45.8% potassium.Grape root system is mainly distributed on 0
~40cm soil layers, including key root, lateral root (2~6mm) and absorption root (overwhelming majority is distributed in top layer), root growth is later than to be sprouted
Bud 10~15 days.Grape growth root has 2 summit of growths:May to mid-June, August end to mid or late September;Absorption root has 2
Summit of growth:Late May to mid-July, late September to early October.Autumn is suitably completely cured fertilising, be conducive to new root produce and
Development.PH value influences root approximate number amount, and root approximate number amount is 2 times of root approximate number amount when PH is 7.5 when PH is 5.7.
In the traditional fertilization method of grape, fertilizer nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, and commonly using chemical fertilizer, not noting using has
Machine fertilizer, causes soil acidification, earth's surface green moss long or plays red frost, the physicochemical property of soil is seriously damaged, and causes
Grape root system undergrowth, root disease is aggravated, and fertilizer absorption rate reduction, grape branches and leaves growing way is weak, and fruit acidity is high, color
Pool is poor, commodity value reduction.A kind of fertilizing method for grape, but institute are disclosed in the patent document of Application No. 201510432376.4
Chemical fertilizer is still mainly with fertilizer variety, long-term use can cause soil acidification, soil organic matter content reduction, make soil water-retaining
The problem that fertilizer-preserving ability declines.A kind of grape water-fertilizer-pesticide integration is disclosed in the patent document of Application No. 201510255278.8
Management method, the defect one of the method is that fertile medicine mixing easily produces precipitation to block pipeline, two be cause fertilizer and agricultural chemicals some
Can be reacted between composition, losing should be powerful, three is fertilising single varieties, and not according to the fertilising of grape regulation of fertilizer requirement.
The content of the invention
For defect of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of fertilising of grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo
Method, according to grape regulation of fertilizer requirement and need water requirement, fertilizer is the uniform, soil that is administered to exactly around grape root system
In, grape root system is fully absorbed liquid manure, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.Soil conditioner and microorganism are with the addition of in set meal fertilizer
Microbial inoculum, for nursing one's health rehabilitating soil, increases soil beneficial microbe content, and the loose ventilative, water conservation for making soil conservation good is protected
Fertile performance.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method, and it comprises the following steps:
S1:Nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6), organic microbial microbial inoculum and soil conditioner are applied after picking fruit;
S2:Nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6), bacterium solution, blade face boron fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer are applied in rudiment before blooming;
S3:Young fruit expanding stage applies ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6), bacterium solution and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer;
S4:Swollen fruit colour-change period applies potash fertilizer high (15-5-32), organic carbon fertilizer and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer.
Step S1 be specifically by organic microbial microbial inoculum, soil conditioner dig pit embedment tree pan portion, nitrogen phosphatic manure high high with
Drip irrigation system instills grape root system soil;
Step S2 is specifically that nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high, bacterium solution, organic carbon fertilizer are instilled into grape root system soil with drip irrigation system, by leaf
Face boron fertilizer is sprayed on blade face;
Step S3 is specifically that ca and mg fertilizer and bacterium solution are instilled into grape root system soil with drip irrigation system, and blade face boron calcium is sprayed
Blade face;
Step S4 is specifically that potash fertilizer high and organic carbon fertilizer are instilled into grape root system soil with drip irrigation system, by blade face boron calcium spray
Apply on blade face.
Preferably, the nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6) described in step S1 is that nitrogen element content is 19%, phosphorus unit
Cellulose content is the fertilizer that 45%, Determination of Potassium is 6%;The organic microbial microbial inoculum is not less than for organic matter weight content
65%th, living bacteria count is not less than 2.0*108The fertilizer of/g;The soil conditioner is not less than 40% tune for calcium oxide content
Reason agent.
Autumn, the root of hindering being cut off in fertilising easily healed, and can inspire new root on the occasion of second summit of growth of root system.
Now fertilising can also rapidly recover tree vigo(u)r, promote young sprout fully ripe and bud depth to break up, and strengthen winter cabbage, be conducive to
Coming year rudiment, bloom and young sprout early growth.Trunk infusion level is high, and the bud quality is good, beneficial to fruit-setting rate is improved, promotes young fruit
Cell division, this is the basis of fruit mast and high yield.And autumn basal dressing, organic matter rot the resolving time it is long, mineralization journey
Degree is high, can in time supply absorbing and being conducive to soil moisture conservation antifreeze for spring in coming year root system.In addition, major part soil is present at present
Acidifying problem, influence grape is to the absorption of nutrient and itself root growth, and grape calcium deficiency can cause the short and thick bending of new root, so
Should note nursing one's health soil in compounding application base fertilizer, supplement calcareous fertilisers.
Preferably, the administration of the nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6), organic microbial microbial inoculum and soil conditioner
Amount is respectively 10~50kg/ mus, 60~200kg/ mus, 20~60kg/ mus.
Preferably, the bacterium solution described in step S2 is not less than 2.0*10 for viable count8/mL;The organic carbon fertilizer
For the content of organic matter is not less than the fertilizer that 70%, N P and K total content is not less than 10%;The blade face boron fertilizer is boron content
It is not less than the fertilizer of 100g/L.
Grape rudiment, blooming need to consume substantial amounts of nutriment.It is unearthed to rudiment in early spring, chase after for the first time
Fertilizer, based on nitrogen potassium, is equipped with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer, and to promoting young shoot to sprout, inflorescence continues to break up and quickening shoot and leaf growth has preferably
Effect.Topdressed before blooming is that, in order to improve and increasing inflorescence, Accelerate bloom is neat, improves pollination ability and fruit-setting rate, reduces small
Fruit rate, so that improve work as annual production, so be called " surely really fertile ", Hua Qianke combination foliage-spray high-quality foliar fertilizers, such as boron fertilizer promote
Enter pollen germination and pollen tube growth.Boron deficiency can cause big granule phenomenon, and young sprout growth period is the boron nutrition key period to before blooming.
Spray can be combined after rudiment and adds high-quality blade face boron fertilizer, prevent granule.
Preferably, the amount of application of the nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6), bacterium solution, blade face boron fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer
Respectively 10~50kg/ mus, 10~50L/ mus, 150~500mL/ mus, 10~40kg/ mus.
Preferably, described in step S3 ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6) is that calcium element content is 17%, magnesium unit
Cellulose content is the fertilizer that 6%, nitrogen element content is 13%;The leaf surface calcareous fertilizer is not less than 130g/L's for calcium constituent weight content
Fertilizer.
It is that grape needs fertilizer most period when berry grows to soya bean size.Young fruit and young sprout are mushroomed out, bud point
Change is required for substantial amounts of nutrition, and this topdresses can promote young sprout normal growth, promotes young fruit to develop rapidly, promotes fruit swollen
Greatly, strengthen leaf photosynthesis, promote shoot growth, reduce physiological fallen fruit, improve fruit-setting rate, therefore also known as " fruit-promoting fertilizer ".Young fruit
30% calcium is absorbed to fruit expanding period, root growth phase calcium requirement increases, and in order to prevent grape berry crack, now answers compounding application
A certain amount of calcareous fertilisers.It is the fruit calcium demand peak phase that Red globe grape spends latter 1-2 weeks.Grape generally lacks after entering fruit expanding period
Magnesium, shows as chlorisis between old leaf vein;Magnesium deficiency has an effect on photosynthate long-distance transportation, is unfavorable for that berry is ripe, more restricted root
System's growth.Florescence to the stone phase absorbs 40% magnesium, and 30% magnesium is absorbed to before falling leaves after harvesting.
Preferably, the amount of application of the ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6), bacterium solution and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer be respectively 10~
40kg/ mus, 10~50L/ mus, 150~500mL/ mus.
Preferably, potash fertilizer (15-5-32) high described in step S4 is nitrogen element content 15%, phosphorus element content
6%th, the fertilizer of Determination of Potassium 32%.
Fruit color phase is topdressed, and promotes fruit further to expand and colour, and improves commodity rate.Grape colour-change period is that suction potassium is high
Peak, applying potassium can also strengthen resistance of the grape to gray mold.Colour-change period absorbs 30% calcium, is conducive to increasing fruit colour and pre- anticracking
Really.
Preferably, the amount of application of the potash fertilizer high (15-5-32), organic carbon fertilizer and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer be respectively 10~
40kg/ mus, 10~40kg/ mus, 150~500mL/ mus.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Rationally, fertilizing time rationally, is applied fertilizer fertilizer ratio according to grape in the nutritional need phase, effectively improves fertilizer profit
With rate;And agriculture biocontrol microorganisms are added in formula of the invention, Soil Microorganism quantity can be increased, improve acidified soil,
Increase loosing soil gas permeability;Soil conditioner is also added in formula of the invention, soil acidity of readjusting prices makes P in soil H values extensive
It is multiple to arrive neutrality, beneficial to the growth of grape root system;The present invention with the addition of foliar fertilizer in formula, be the supply approach of root fertilising,
It is balanced beneficial to grape nutrition;The fertigation that the present invention is used is a kind of accurate accurately fertilizing method, is only applied in root, fertilizer
Water infiltration significantly improves utilization rate of fertilizer in the region where root system, compared with conventional fertilizer application method, saves fertilizer amount 50%
More than, save artificial more than 60%.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will be helpful to the technology of this area
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that to the ordinary skill of this area
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection domain.
In the present invention:
Nitrogen phosphate fertilizer high high is (19-45-6) for nitrogen element content is that 19%, phosphorus element content is that 45%, Determination of Potassium is
6% fertilizer;
Machine microbial bacterial agent is not less than 2.0*10 for organic matter weight content is not less than 65%, living bacteria count8The fertilizer of/g
Material;
Organic carbon fertilizer is not less than the fertilizer that 70%, N P and K total content is not less than 10% for the content of organic matter;
Blade face boron fertilizer is not less than the fertilizer of 100g/L for boron content;
Include the agricultural biocontrol microorganisms such as bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis in bacterium solution, the concentration of bacterium solution is 2.0*
108/ mL, can select fermenation raw liquid of the agriculture biocontrol microorganisms under conventional culture conditions and culture medium;
Soil conditioner is not less than 40% conditioner for calcium oxide content;
Ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6) is that calcium element content is that 17%, magnesium element content is that 6%, nitrogen element content is
13% fertilizer;
Leaf surface calcareous fertilizer is the fertilizer that calcium constituent weight content is not less than 130g/L;
Potash fertilizer (15-5-32) high is nitrogen element content 15%, the fertilizer of phosphorus element content 6%, Determination of Potassium 32%.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method, comprises the following steps:
1st, with fertilizer after grape is plucked, species and its consumption include:20kg/ mus of nitrogen phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6) high;Organic micro- life
80kg/ mus, soil conditioner 40kg/ mus of thing microbial inoculum.Organic fertilizer, soil conditioner are digged pit and imbed tree pan portion, nitrogen phosphatic manure high high
Grape root system soil is instilled with drip irrigation system.
2nd, budding period fertilizer, species and its consumption include:10kg/ mus of nitrogen phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6) high, bacterium solution is (effectively living
Bacterium number >=2.0 hundred million/mL) 20L/ mus, 15kg/ mus of organic carbon fertilizer coordinates 200mL/ mus of blade face boron fertilizer to spray blade face.
3rd, young fruit expands initial stage fertilizer after fallen flowers, and species and its consumption include:10kg/ mus of ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6),
Bacterium solution 15L/ mus, 250mL/ mus of leaf surface calcareous fertilizer is coordinated to spray blade face.
4th, the number of times of colour-change period fertilizer is 1 time, is included with fertile species and its consumption:20kg/ mus of potash fertilizer (15-5-32) high,
20kg/ mus of organic carbon fertilizer, coordinates 300mL/ mus of leaf surface calcareous fertilizer to spray blade face.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is the change case of embodiment 1, change point out be:
1st, with fertilizer after grape is plucked, species and its consumption include:20kg/ mus of nitrogen phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6) high;Organic micro- life
60kg/ mus, soil conditioner 30kg/ mus of thing microbial inoculum.Organic fertilizer, soil conditioner are digged pit and imbed tree pan portion, nitrogen phosphatic manure high high
Grape root system soil is instilled with drip irrigation system.
2nd, budding period fertilizer, species and its consumption include:10kg/ mus of nitrogen phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6) high, bacterium solution is (effectively living
Bacterium number >=2.0 hundred million/mL) 10L/ mus, 20kg/ mus of organic carbon fertilizer coordinates 200mL/ mus of boron fertilizer to spray blade face.
3rd, young fruit expands initial stage fertilizer after fallen flowers, and species and its consumption include:15kg/ mus of ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6),
Bacterium solution 15L/ mus, 250mL/ mus of leaf surface calcareous fertilizer is coordinated to spray blade face.
4th, the number of times of colour-change period fertilizer is 1 time, is included with fertile species and its consumption:20kg/ mus of potash fertilizer (15-5-32) high,
20kg/ mus of organic carbon fertilizer, coordinates 300mL/ mus of leaf surface calcareous fertilizer to spray blade face.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is the comparative example of embodiment 1, and contrast part is only that:Comparative example 1 is not carried out in grape swollen fruit colour-change period
Fertilising.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is the comparative example of embodiment 1, and contrast part is only that this ratio using conventional fertilizer application method, after fruit picking
Every mu organic fertilizer 2000kg/ mus, NPK 50kg/ mus, urea 20kg/ mus;Early June to mid-July imposes urea
30kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, NPK 15kg;In mid or late August, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg, urea 20kg.
Statistics is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Using method of the present invention, obvious effect of increasing production, Amino acid and protein content is higher, shows the product of grape
Matter is preferable;Soluble sugar content reaches 19%, and acidity is 0.69, and in general, sugar content is the important finger of Table Grape quality
One of mark, the local flavor of the grape is optimal in the case of sugar content 17~19%, acidity 0.6~0.9%, it is seen that should match somebody with somebody to show
Write the quality for improving grape.
Comparative example 3~4
Comparative example 3~4 is the comparative example of embodiment 1, and contrast part is as follows:
Comparative example 3:Grape colour-change period is high potash fertilizer 80Kg/ mus, 10kg/ mus of Water Soluble Organic Carbon fertilizer;Meanwhile, grape young fruit period
Ca and mg fertilizer 5kg/ mus.
Comparative example 4:5kg/ mus of grape young fruit period ca and mg fertilizer, 10kg/ mus of Water Soluble Organic Carbon fertilizer;Grape has been saved after plucking
The operation of machine fertilizer, soil conditioner hole embedment tree disk.
Final result is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
Specific embodiment of the invention is described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can within the scope of the claims make various deformations or amendments, this not shadow
Sound substance of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1:Nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6), organic microbial microbial inoculum and soil conditioner are applied after picking fruit;
S2:Nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6), bacterium solution, blade face boron fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer are applied in rudiment before blooming;
S3:Young fruit expanding stage applies ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6), bacterium solution and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer;
S4:Swollen fruit colour-change period applies potash fertilizer high (15-5-32), organic carbon fertilizer and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer.
2. grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step S1
Nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high (19-45-6) for nitrogen element content be that 19%, phosphorus element content is fertilizer that 45%, Determination of Potassium is 6%
Material;The organic microbial microbial inoculum is not less than 2.0*10 for organic matter weight content is not less than 65%, living bacteria count8The fertilizer of/g
Material;The soil conditioner is not less than 40% conditioner for calcium oxide content.
3. grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the nitrogen high
The amount of application of phosphate fertilizer (19-45-6) high, organic microbial microbial inoculum and soil conditioner be respectively 10~50kg/ mus, 60~
200kg/ mus, 20~60kg/ mus.
4. grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step S2
Bacterium solution be not less than 2.0*10 for viable count8/mL;The organic carbon fertilizer always contains for the content of organic matter is not less than 70%, N P and K
Amount is not less than 10% fertilizer;The blade face boron fertilizer is not less than the fertilizer of 100g/L for boron content.
5. the grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that the nitrogen high
The amount of application of phosphate fertilizer (19-45-6) high, bacterium solution, blade face boron fertilizer and organic carbon fertilizer is respectively 10~50kg/ mus, 10~50L/ mus,
150~500mL/ mus, 10~40kg/ mus.
6. grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step S3
Ca and mg fertilizer (13-0-0-17-6) for calcium element content be that 17%, magnesium element content is fertilizer that 6%, nitrogen element content is 13%
Material;The leaf surface calcareous fertilizer is the fertilizer that calcium constituent weight content is not less than 130g/L.
7. the grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that the calcium and magnesium
The amount of application of fertile (13-0-0-17-6), bacterium solution and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer be respectively 10~40kg/ mus, 10~50L/ mus, 150~
500mL/ mus.
8. grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step S4
Potash fertilizer high (15-5-32) be nitrogen element content 15%, phosphorus element content 6%, the fertilizer of Determination of Potassium 32%.
9. the grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as described in claim 1 or 8, it is characterised in that the potassium high
The amount of application of fertile (15-5-32), organic carbon fertilizer and leaf surface calcareous fertilizer be respectively 10~40kg/ mus, 10~40kg/ mus, 150~
500mL/ mus.
10. grape water-fertilizer integral nutrient combo fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The fertilizing method of step S1 is:Organic microbial microbial inoculum, soil conditioner are digged pit and imbeds tree pan portion, nitrogen phosphatic manure high high
Grape root system soil is instilled with drip irrigation system;
The fertilizing method of step S2 is:Nitrogen high phosphate fertilizer high, bacterium solution, organic carbon fertilizer are instilled into grape root system soil with drip irrigation system,
Blade face boron fertilizer is sprayed on blade face;
The fertilizing method of step S3 is:Ca and mg fertilizer and bacterium solution are instilled into grape root system soil with drip irrigation system, by blade face boron calcium spray
Apply on blade face;
The fertilizing method of step S4 is:Potash fertilizer high and organic carbon fertilizer are instilled into grape root system soil with drip irrigation system, by blade face boron
Calcium is sprayed on blade face.
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