CN113273452B - Hami melon fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing planting method suitable for Hami melon - Google Patents
Hami melon fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing planting method suitable for Hami melon Download PDFInfo
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- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- IWLXWEWGQZEKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;zinc Chemical compound N.[Zn] IWLXWEWGQZEKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000187395 Streptomyces microflavus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010110 Astragalus glycyphyllos Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 56
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009847 Cucumis melo var cantalupensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001453 Glycyrrhiza echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000303040 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical group O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940010454 licorice Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- NSEQHAPSDIEVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[Zn+2] Chemical compound N.[Zn+2] NSEQHAPSDIEVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a Hami melon fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing planting method suitable for Hami melon in Hainan. Comprising the following steps: (1) planting green manure: after harvesting the last batch of Hami melons, sowing the leguminous green manure at intervals of 15-20 days; (2) a decomposed green manure: growing the leguminous green manure to a full bloom stage, and turning and pressing the leguminous green manure to the position below the plough layer soil to decompose the leguminous green manure; (3) soil preparation: deep ploughing and field-drying 20 days before planting, applying base fertilizer, mechanically ploughing and turning uniformly, leveling ridge surfaces, and simultaneously paving drip irrigation pipelines; (4) planting: transplanting Hami melon seedlings; (5) fertilization: fertilizer is applied in a fertilizer saving and efficiency enhancing mode; (6) moisture management: (7) pest control. The invention meets the new requirements of current Hami melon ecological cycle agriculture, optimizes and improves Hami melon planting, improves soil through reasonable leisure period green manure planting, and realizes the fertilizer saving and synergy of Hami melon planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a Hami melon fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing planting method suitable for Hami melons in Hainan.
Background
Hami melon is one of the main varieties of melon, and is planted in Xinjiang, hainan and other places at present. Hainan is in subtropical areas, and the temperature aspect is very favorable for the growth of Hami melons. In recent years, the bottleneck of Hami melon planting in Hainan is broken through continuously, and the planting area is enlarged continuously. According to incomplete statistics, the planting area of Hami melon in Hainan is about 20 ten thousand mu by 2019. Hami melon in Hainan is generally marketed in 11 months to 5 months of the next year, fills up the domestic blank market in winter and spring, and becomes the pillar industry of Hainan efficient agriculture.
Because of a certain technical difficulty in cantaloupe planting, many farmers cannot keep up with the technology, and the condition of improper fertilizer use and disordered fertilizer use often occurs. Meanwhile, the Hami melon is planted for 2-3 batches in one year, so that the problems of serious soil acidification, weak plant growth, multiple diseases, premature senility, serious death and the like are caused, in addition, a large amount of pathogens remain in the soil on the residue of the Hami melon, the pathogens are easy to enter when the residue is deficient, the infection is caused, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and finally, the yield and economic loss are greatly reduced, and the current ecological planting method for fertilizer conservation and synergy of the Hami melon is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a Hami melon fertilizer-saving synergistic planting method suitable for Hami melon in Hainan, which is more scientific in use of fertilizer, greatly reduces plant diseases and insect pests, obviously promotes the growth of Hami melon, increases the yield, improves the quality and is environmentally friendly.
The invention provides a Hami melon fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing planting method suitable for Hami melon, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Planting green manure: sowing the leguminous green manure at intervals of 15-20 days after harvesting the last batch of Hami melons in about 5 months;
(2) A decomposed green manure: growing the leguminous green manure to a full bloom stage, and turning and pressing the leguminous green manure to the position below the plough layer soil to decompose the leguminous green manure;
(3) Preparing land: deep ploughing and field-drying 20 days before planting, applying base fertilizer, mechanically ploughing and turning uniformly, leveling ridge surfaces, and simultaneously paving drip irrigation pipelines;
(4) Planting: transplanting Hami melon seedlings;
(5) And (3) fertilization: fertilizer is applied in a fertilizer saving and efficiency enhancing mode;
(6) And (3) water management:
(7) And (5) pest control.
In the step (1) of the method, the green manure can be one or more of soybean, butterfly bean and milk vetch, and the sowing amount is 0.8-1.2kg seeds/mu, and can be specifically 1kg seeds/mu.
In the step (3) of the method, the base fertilizer comprises a traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer, a magnesium sulfate fertilizer and a poly-ammonia-zinc value-added compound fertilizer;
wherein, the application amount of the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer can be as follows: the application amount of the magnesium sulfate fertilizer can be 30-50 kg/mu, and the application amount of the ammonia-zinc-rich value-added compound fertilizer can be 10-20 kg/mu;
the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer is prepared by the following method: 10-20 parts of chrysanthemum (weight parts, the same applies below), 20-40 parts of licorice residue, 5-10 parts of brown sugar, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of streptomyces microflavus, 10-20 parts of bacillus thuringiensis and 30-50 parts of water are mixed and fermented, and the mixture is fermented for 6-8 days at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ to obtain the finished product.
Further, the bacillus subtilis contains 2000-5000 ten thousand effective viable bacteria per gram, the streptomyces microflavus contains 2000-5000 ten thousand effective viable bacteria per gram, and the bacillus thuringiensis contains 2000-5000 ten thousand effective viable bacteria per gram.
Further, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the streptomyces microflavus and the bacillus thuringiensis is 1:1:1-2;
the total bacterial activity of the three bacterial agents is 6000 ten thousand to 15000 ten thousand per gram.
The poly-ammonia-zinc value-added compound fertilizer is poly-ammonia-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (15-15-15), and can be specifically island-rich poly-ammonia-zinc value-added compound fertilizer, wherein the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45% (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: 15-15-15).
In the above method step (4), the transplanting operation is as follows: the planting holes are formed on the two sides of the middle drip irrigation pipe and the inner sides of the outer 2 drip irrigation pipes by using a round hole device, and the Hami melon seedlings are slightly compacted after being placed into the planting holes;
the transplanting density of the transplanting can be: plant spacing is 45-50cm, row spacing is 20-25cm;
in the step (5) of the method, the fertilizing operation is as follows: 15-20 days after transplanting, applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (17-17-17) for drip irrigation, wherein the weight of the poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer is 4-8 jin/mu; 25-30 days after transplanting, applying 4-5 jin/mu of poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (10-30-10) twice; 35-40 days after transplanting, 6-8 jin/mu of a poly-ammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (10-10-30) is applied; 50 days after transplanting, every 3-5 days Shi Ju ammonia zinc high phosphorus and high potassium (8-25-25) 3-5 jin/mu, and continuously using for 8 times; applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (14-6-24) for 4-8 jin/mu after 80-90 days after transplanting;
the fertilizing (topdressing) dosage in the step (5) of the method is 80 percent of the local fertilizing level.
In the step (6) of the method, the watering quantity is increased in the sprawl growth period, the flowering period and the fruiting period of the Hami melon vine.
In the step (7), the method adopts the policy of 'prevention mainly and comprehensive prevention', and the use of locally forbidden pesticide varieties is forbidden.
The application of the cantaloupe planting method in the Hami melon fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing planting of Hami melons in Hami melon belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. and the soil is friendly. Due to the application of the leguminous green manure, the soil structure is improved to a certain extent, the organic matter content of the red soil is effectively increased, the fertilizer is prepared, and the cultivated land quality is improved.
2. The fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the nutrient loss is reduced. After the soil structure is improved and the organic matters are lifted, the method is matched with different nutrient proportions in different periods, so that the loss of various ways such as leaching and volatilization of the fertilizer is greatly reduced, more reasonable nutrient supply is provided for Hami melons, and the nutrient utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
3. And the yield and the quality are improved. Because the nutrient supply is sufficient, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements are uniformly supplied, the absorption is promoted and cooperated among different nutrients, the yield is improved, and the commodity is also greatly improved.
4. Is environment-friendly. The fertilizer loss is less, meanwhile, the microbial environment is improved, the influence of continuous cropping diseases and insect pests is reduced, the occurrence rate of the diseases and insect pests is reduced, the using amount of pesticides is reduced, the product is green, and the environmental risk is small.
The invention meets the new requirements of current Hami melon ecological cycle agriculture, optimizes and improves Hami melon planting, improves soil through reasonable leisure period green manure planting, and realizes the fertilizer saving and synergy of Hami melon planting. On one hand, the nutrient after returning green manure to the field can be fully utilized, the organic matter content of soil is increased, the soil structure is improved, and the input amount of the fertilizer for Hami melons is reduced; on the other hand, the method can reduce continuous cropping obstacle, pesticide consumption and environmental pollution risk, and realize fertilizer saving and synergy of Hami melon planting in Hainan.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents, materials, etc. used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting green manure: after harvesting the last batch of Hami melons in 5 months, sowing leguminous green manure (butterfly beans) on the melon field at intervals of 15 days;
(2) A decomposed green manure: growing the leguminous green manure to a full bloom stage, and turning and pressing the leguminous green manure to the position below the plough layer soil to decompose the leguminous green manure;
(3) Preparing land: deep ploughing and field-drying 20 days before planting; applying a base fertilizer: the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer is obtained by mixing 10 parts by weight of chrysanthemum, 20 parts by weight of licorice residue, 5 parts by weight of brown sugar, 5 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts by weight of streptomyces microflavus, 10 parts by weight of bacillus thuringiensis and 30 parts by weight of water, fermenting for 6 days at 50 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus licheniformis to bacillus thuringiensis is 1:1:2 in sequence, the total bacterial activity is 6000 ten thousand/gram, 50 kg/mu of magnesium sulfate fertilizer to 20 kg/mu of poly-ammonia-zinc value added compound fertilizer (15-15-15), leveling the ridge surface after mechanically ploughing and turning uniformly, and simultaneously paving drip irrigation pipelines;
(4) Planting:
a. planting density: plant spacing is 45cm, and row spacing is 20cm;
b. the field planting method comprises the following steps: a special circular hole device is used for punching field planting holes on the two sides of the middle drip irrigation pipe and the inner sides of the outer 2 drip irrigation pipes, and seedlings are slightly compacted after being put into the field planting holes;
(5) And (3) fertilization: applying fertilizer by adopting a fertilizer saving and efficiency enhancing mode, namely applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (17-17-17) for 5 jin/mu 15 days after transplanting; 25 days after transplanting, applying 4 jin/mu of a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (10-30-10) twice; 35 days after transplanting, 6 jin/mu of a poly-ammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (10-10-30) is applied; 50 days after transplanting, every 3 days Shi Fudao, 3 jin of ammonia zinc high phosphorus and high potassium (8-25-25), and continuously using for 8 times; applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer to drip irrigation (14-6-24) for 5 jin/mu 80 days after transplanting;
(6) And (3) water management: the watering quantity is determined according to the field moisture, the weather change condition and the like, and the watering quantity is increased in the Hami melon vine growing period, the flowering period and the fruiting period.
(7) Pest control: adopts the guidelines of 'prevention mainly and comprehensive control', and forbids the use of locally forbidden pesticide varieties.
Example 2
The cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting green manure: after harvesting the last batch of Hami melons in 5 months, sowing leguminous green manure (milk vetch) on the melon field at intervals of 20 days;
(2) A decomposed green manure: growing the leguminous green manure to a full bloom stage, and turning and pressing the leguminous green manure to the position below the plough layer soil to decompose the leguminous green manure;
(3) Preparing land: deep ploughing and field-drying 20 days before planting; applying a base fertilizer: the Chinese medicine residue fertilizer is obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of chrysanthemum, 40 parts by weight of liquorice residue, 10 parts by weight of brown sugar, 10 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts by weight of streptomyces microflavus, 10 parts by weight of bacillus thuringiensis and 50 parts by weight of water, fermenting at 55 ℃ for 8 days, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus licheniformis to bacillus thuringiensis is 1:1:2 in sequence, the total bacterial activity is 6000 ten thousand per gram, 50 kg/mu of magnesium sulfate fertilizer, 20 kg/mu of poly-ammonia-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (15-15-15), leveling the ridge surface after mechanically ploughing and turning uniformly, and simultaneously paving drip irrigation pipelines.
(4) Planting:
a. planting density: plant spacing is 45cm, and row spacing is 20cm;
b. the field planting method comprises the following steps: a special circular hole device is used for punching field planting holes on the two sides of the middle drip irrigation pipe and the inner sides of the outer 2 drip irrigation pipes, and seedlings are slightly compacted after being put into the field planting holes;
(5) And (3) fertilization: applying fertilizer by adopting a fertilizer saving and efficiency enhancing mode, namely applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value added compound fertilizer (17-17-17) for 5 jin/mu after 20 days after transplanting; 30 days after transplanting, applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (10-30-10) for 5 jin/mu for two times; applying 8 jin/mu of a poly-ammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (10-10-30) 40 days after transplanting; 50 days after transplanting, 5 jin of ammonia zinc high phosphorus high potassium (8-25-25) is added every 5 days Shi Fudao, and the use is continuously carried out for 8 times; applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer for drip irrigation (14-6-24) for 90 days, wherein the weight of the poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer is 5 jin/mu;
(6) And (3) water management: the watering quantity is determined according to the field moisture, the weather change condition and the like, and the watering quantity is increased in the Hami melon vine growing period, the flowering period and the fruiting period.
(7) Pest control: adopts the guidelines of 'prevention mainly and comprehensive control', and forbids the use of locally forbidden pesticide varieties.
Example 3
The cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting green manure: after harvesting the last batch of Hami melons in 5 months, sowing leguminous green manure (milk vetch) on the melon field at intervals of 18 days;
(2) A decomposed green manure: growing the leguminous green manure to a full bloom stage, and turning and pressing the leguminous green manure to the position below the plough layer soil to decompose the leguminous green manure;
(3) Preparing land: deep ploughing and field-drying 20 days before planting; applying a base fertilizer: the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer is obtained by mixing 15 parts by weight of chrysanthemum, 30 parts by weight of liquorice residue, 7 parts by weight of brown sugar, 8 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 8 parts by weight of streptomyces microflavus, 15 parts by weight of bacillus thuringiensis and 40 parts by weight of water, fermenting for 7 days at the temperature of 52 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis to bacillus licheniformis to bacillus thuringiensis is 1:1:2 in sequence, the total bacterial activity is 6000 ten thousand per gram, 50 kg/mu of magnesium sulfate fertilizer to 20 kg/mu of poly-ammonia-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (15-15-15), leveling the ridge surface after mechanically ploughing and turning uniformly, and simultaneously paving drip irrigation pipelines;
(4) Planting:
a. planting density: plant spacing is 45cm, and row spacing is 20cm;
b. the field planting method comprises the following steps: a special circular hole device is used for punching field planting holes on the two sides of the middle drip irrigation pipe and the inner sides of the outer 2 drip irrigation pipes, and seedlings are slightly compacted after being put into the field planting holes;
(5) And (3) fertilization: applying fertilizer by adopting a fertilizer saving and efficiency enhancing mode, namely applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (17-17-17) for 5 jin/mu after 18 days after transplanting; applying 4.5 jin/mu of poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (10-30-10) twice 26 days after transplanting; 38 days after transplanting, applying a poly ammonium zinc compound fertilizer (10-10-30) to 7 jin/mu; 50 days after transplanting, every 4 days Shi Fudao, 3-54 jin of ammonia zinc high phosphorus high potassium (8-25-25) and 8 times of continuous use; applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer for drip irrigation (14-6-24) for 82 days, wherein the weight of the poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer is 5 jin/mu;
(6) And (3) water management: the watering quantity is determined according to the field moisture, the weather change condition and the like, and the watering quantity is increased in the Hami melon vine growing period, the flowering period and the fruiting period;
(7) Pest control: adopts the guidelines of 'prevention mainly and comprehensive control', and forbids the use of locally forbidden pesticide varieties.
Comparative example 1
The Hami melon cultivation was performed by the method of example 1 from the step (3) without planting a green manure.
Comparative example 2
Hami melon cultivation was performed with reference to the method of example 1, except that: (5) fertilization: 15 days after transplanting, applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (17-17-17) to obtain 5 jin/mu; 25 days after transplanting, applying 4 jin/mu of a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer (10-10-30) twice; 35 days after transplanting, 6 jin/mu of a poly-ammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (10-10-30) is applied; 50 days after transplanting, every 3 days Shi Fudao, 3 jin of ammonia zinc high phosphorus and high potassium (8-25-25), and 8 times per mu of continuous use; and applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer to drip irrigation (10-10-30) for 5 jin/mu 80 days after transplanting.
Comparative example 3
Hami melon cultivation was performed with reference to the method of example 1, except that: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus thuringiensis in the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer is sequentially 2:1:1.
test site: hainan Ledong (Hainan Ledong)
Yield, VC content, pulp thickness measurement: randomly taking 5 melons and taking an average value according to each embodiment;
nematode morbidity: 1000 Hami melon plants were investigated.
The method for planting Hami melons by fertilizer saving and synergy in Hami melons is good in application effect in Hami melons, can greatly reduce the cost of fertilizer for farmers, improve the yield, reduce the loss of nutrients, and has very good economic benefit and ecological environment-friendly benefit (table 1). In the aspect of investment, the per mu fertilizing amount of the ecological friendly package fertilizing method is reduced by about 15-30 kg in a same way, and the per mu Hami melon fertilizer cost is saved by at least 120 yuan according to the market price of 8 yuan per kg fertilizer. Meanwhile, the soil structure is improved, and the method is more friendly to the ecology; in addition, the quality of Hami melon is improved, and the commodity performance is improved. Therefore, the fertilizer-saving synergistic ecological planting mode of the Hami melons is more suitable for Hami melon industry in Hami melons.
TABLE 1 Hami melon yield comparison
Claims (5)
1. A Hami melon fertilizer-saving and efficiency-enhancing planting method suitable for Hami melon in Hainan comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting green manure: sowing the leguminous green manure at intervals of 15-20 days after harvesting the last batch of Hami melons in about 5 months;
(2) A decomposed green manure: growing the leguminous green manure to a full bloom stage, and turning and pressing the leguminous green manure to the position below the plough layer soil to decompose the leguminous green manure;
(3) Preparing land: deep ploughing and field-drying 20 days before planting, applying base fertilizer, mechanically ploughing and turning uniformly, leveling ridge surfaces, and simultaneously paving drip irrigation pipelines;
(4) Planting: transplanting Hami melon seedlings;
(5) And (3) fertilization: fertilizer is applied in a fertilizer saving and efficiency enhancing mode;
(6) And (3) water management:
(7) Pest control;
in the step (3), the base fertilizer comprises a traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer, a magnesium sulfate fertilizer and a poly-ammonia-zinc value-added compound fertilizer;
wherein, the application amount of the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer is as follows: 300-350 kg/mu, the application amount of the magnesium sulfate fertilizer is 30-50 kg/mu, and the application amount of the ammonia-zinc-rich value-added compound fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu;
the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer contains bacillus subtilis, streptomyces microflavus and bacillus thuringiensis, and the mass ratio of the three microbial agents is sequentially 1:1:2;
the total bacterial activity of the three bacterial agents is 6000 ten thousand to 15000 ten thousand per gram;
the ammonia-zinc value added compound fertilizer is ammonia-zinc value added compound fertilizer 15N-15P-15K;
in the step (5), the fertilizing operation is as follows: 15-20 days after transplanting, applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer to drip irrigation 17N-17P-17K, and 4-8 jin/mu; 25-30 days after transplanting, applying 10N-30P-10K and 4-5 jin/mu of the poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer twice; 35-40 days after transplanting, applying 10N-10P-30K and 6-8 jin/mu of a poly-ammonium-zinc compound fertilizer; 50 days after transplanting, every 3-5 days Shi Ju ammonia zinc high phosphorus high potassium 8N-25P-25K,3-5 jin/mu, use for 8 times continuously; and applying a poly-ammonium-zinc value-added compound fertilizer to drip irrigation for 14N-6P-24K and 4-8 jin/mu 80-85 days after transplanting.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the green manure is one or more of soybean, butterfly bean and milk vetch, and the sowing amount is 0.8-1.2kg seeds/mu.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the transplanting operation is as follows: the planting holes are formed on the two sides of the middle drip irrigation pipe and the inner sides of the outer 2 drip irrigation pipes by using a round hole device, and the Hami melon seedlings are slightly compacted after being placed into the planting holes;
the transplanting field planting density is as follows: the plant spacing is 45-50cm, and the row spacing is 20-25cm.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilization dosage in the step (5) is 80% of the local fertilization level.
5. Use of the method of any one of claims 1-4 in the fertilizer-saving and synergistic planting of Hami melon in Hainan.
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