AU2020100875A4

AU2020100875A4 - Pepper Planting Method For Overcoming Continuous Cropping Obstacles in A Greenhouse

Info

Publication number: AU2020100875A4
Application number: AU2020100875A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Jingxia GAO; Hongxia PEI; Xiaojun Qin; Hua Xie
Original assignee: Germplasm Resources Res Institute Of Ningxia Academy Of Agricultural And Forestry Science
Current assignee: Germplasm Resources Research Institute Of Ningxia Academy Of Agricultural And Forestry Science
Priority date: 2020-05-28
Filing date: 2020-05-28
Publication date: 2020-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-28

Abstract

ADSLraCL This invention provides a pepper planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse, which belongs to the technical field of crop planting. It includes the following steps: soil pretreatment; application of organic compound fertilizer; the components of the described organic compound fertilizer include compound microbial agent, decomposed manure of human or livestock, decomposed crop straw, waste gypsum powder, waste limestone powder and nutrient regulating agent; application of earthworm manure; second ploughing of soil; transplantation of pepper seedlings; spraying of antidote. The beneficial effects are to disinfect, plough and apply fertilizer which can improve the soil fertility and enzyme activity before each crop of pepper is planted, reduce the risk of soil bome diseases and insect pests in the process of pepper planting, improve the fertility supply capacity of the soil in the process of pepper growing, and then slow down the progress of continuous cropping obstacles in the process of pepper planting. In addition, during the growth period of pepper, to spray antidote to the leaves and roots of pepper to relieve the autotoxicity of pepper, improve the growth ability of pepper and increase the yield of pepper.

Description

ADSLraCL

This invention provides a pepper planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse, which belongs to the technical field of crop planting. It includes the following steps: soil pretreatment; application of organic compound fertilizer; the components of the described organic compound fertilizer include compound microbial agent, decomposed manure of human or livestock, decomposed crop straw, waste gypsum powder, waste limestone powder and nutrient regulating agent; application of earthworm manure; second ploughing of soil; transplantation of pepper seedlings; spraying of antidote. The beneficial effects are to disinfect, plough and apply fertilizer which can improve the soil fertility and enzyme activity before each crop of pepper is planted, reduce the risk of soil bome diseases and insect pests in the process of pepper planting, improve the fertility supply capacity of the soil in the process of pepper growing, and then slow down the progress of continuous cropping obstacles in the process of pepper planting. In addition, during the growth period of pepper, to spray antidote to the leaves and roots of pepper to relieve the autotoxicity of pepper, improve the growth ability of pepper and increase the yield of pepper.

vescripLuons

Pepper Planting Method for Overcoming Continuous Cropping Obstacles in a Greenhouse

Technical Field This invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a pepper planting method for continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse

Background Technology Pepper is one of the main vegetables and fruits in China. With the expansion of pepper planting area and the increase of seed demand, pepper seed production industry has developed rapidly in recent years. However, due to the intensification, large-scale planting, high multiple cropping index, single species and other factors in the seed production base, the continuous cropping obstacles in protected pepper cultivation are more and more serious, which are mainly manifested in the low survival rate after pepper transplanting, the inhibition of plant growth, and the eventual decline of yield and quality caused by increasing disease.

The causes of continuous cropping obstacles are complicated, among which soil biological degradation and plant autotoxicity are important factors. At present, the open techniques to inhibit the continuous cropping obstacles of pepper include selection of resistant varieties, grafting, soil disinfection, chemical pesticide control and so on. However, since specific resistant varieties cannot be used due to the characteristics of pepper seed production, the chemical pesticide control effect is poor and the cost of soil replacement is high, it is difficult for these measures to be widely used in pepper seed production. Rotation is a widely used and effective method. Crop rotation is a widely used and effective method. Research showed that suitable rotation could effectively solve the problems of soil borne diseases, root exudates and autotoxicity caused by continuous cropping. However, due to the limitation of cultivated land area in China and the characteristics of intensification and large-scale of seed production bases, it is impossible to carry out strict crop rotation in pepper seed production. With the shortening of rotation period, continuous cropping is inevitable. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward a new mode of pepper planting in order to slow down the continuous cropping obstacles of pepper and extend the continuous cropping period of pepper on the same land.

Invention Summary For this reason, this invention provides a pepper planting method which can effectively slow down the continuous cropping obstacles of pepper and extend the continuous cropping cycle of vescripLIOns pepper in the same area and overcome the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse.

The technical proposal adopted by this invention to solve the technical problems it puts forward is as follows:

A pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: a. Soil pretreatment: to plough and disinfect the soil in which pepper is pre-planted in the greenhouse; b. Application of organic compound fertilizer: to apply organic compound fertilizer to the ploughed and disinfected soil. The components of the described organic compound fertilizer include compound microbial agent, decomposed manure of human or livestock, decomposed crop straw, waste gypsum powder, waste limestone powder and nutrient regulating agent; c. Application of earthworm manure or organic seaweed fertilizer: to apply earthworm manure or organic seaweed fertilizer to the soil applied with organic compound fertilizer; d. Second ploughing of soil: to conduct second ploughing treatment on the soil applied with the organic compound fertilizer and earthworm manure; e. Pepper seedling transplantation: to transplant pepper seedlings into the soil in the greenhouse treated by steps a, b, c and d, and carry out daily management; f. Spraying of antidote: During the growth period of pepper, to spray antidote on the pepper to slow down the autotoxicity of pepper.

This invention adopts the above technical proposal, and its beneficial effects are as follows: by disinfecting, plowing and applying fertilizer which can improve soil fertility and enzyme activity to the soil to be planted with pepper before each crop of pepper is planted, to reduce the risk of soil bome diseases and insect pests in the process of pepper planting, improve the fertility supply capacity of the soil in the process of pepper growing, and then slow down the progress of continuous cropping obstacles in the process of pepper planting. In addition, during the growth period of pepper, to spray antidote to the leaves and roots of pepper to relieve the autotoxicity of pepper, improve the growth ability of pepper and increase the yield of pepper.

Detailed Description of the Presently Preferred Embodiments The technical proposal and technical effects of this invention will be further detailed below.

A pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse, vescripLIons which comprises the following steps: a. Soil pretreatment: to plough and disinfect the soil in which pepper is pre-planted in the greenhouse; Before each crop of pepper is pre-planted, the soil in the greenhouse to be pre-planted with pepper shall be ploughed, and the ploughing depth shall not be less than 30cm. The ploughed soil shall be dried to reduce the soil borne pathogens in the soil by sunlight. As an optimization, in order to improve the efficiency of soil disinfection and strengthen the effect of soil disinfection, the specific methods of soil disinfection also include: After the soil is ploughed, carry out ridging operation, spray ethanol solution with a mass concentration of 25% % or horseradish solution with a mass concentration of 15% - 20% on each ridge of soil, then cover it with plastic film, and heat the greenhouse to 40°C-60°C. Ethanol solution or horseradish solution volatilizes under high temperature, and drops into the soil covered with plastic film by drip irrigation to reduce the oxygen concentration in the soil, so as to achieve the purpose of soil disinfection. At the same time, horseradish releases its bioactive isothiocyanate (ITCs) by decomposing of a category of plants containing glucosinolates, which can inhibit the occurrence of soil borne diseases and insect pests.

b. Application of organic compound fertilizer: to apply organic compound fertilizer to the ploughed and disinfected soil. The components of the described organic compound fertilizer include compound microbial agent, decomposed manure of human or livestock, decomposed crop straw, waste gypsum powder, waste limestone powder and nutrient regulating agent; As an optimization, the described composite microbial agent includes bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, nitrifying bacteria and sulfurizing bacteria. The application amount of the described compound microbial agent is 200 million ~ 10 billion per square meter of soil, wherein the

number ratio of each strain in the described compound microbial agent is bacillus: photosynthetic bacteria: yeast: nitrifying bacteria: sulfurizing bacteria is 1000: (10~50): (10~50): (0.5~1):

(0.5~-1). The described bacillus mainly includes Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium and

Bacillus subtilis, which have significant antagonistic effect on the pathogenic fungi of wilt. Photosynthetic bacteria and yeast, as beneficial microorganisms to promote the growth of pepper, are added to the soil, which is helpful to improve the composition of the soil microorganisms. Nitrifying bacteria and sulfurizing bacteria can not only transform N and S in the soil, reduce the probability of loss of the elements N and S out of the soil - plant system, supply pepper growth demand, but also remove the high content of salt in the soil, control the secondary salinization of the soil and improve the deteriorated soil environment. Furthermore, the described nitrifying escripLIons bacteria include, but are not limited to, at least one of Nitromonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrospina and Nitrococcus, and the described sulfurizing bacteria include, but are not limited to, at least one of Thiothrix, Beggiatoa, Sulfolobus, Thiobacterium, green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria. As an optimization, the weight ratio of decomposed manure of human or livestock, decomposed crop straw, waste gypsum powder and waste limestone powder is (1.5-5): 2: (0.1~

0.5): (0.1-0.5), and the application amount of the described organic compound fertilizer is

1000kg~3000kg per mu of soil. The decomposed manure of human or livestock and the

decomposed crop straw provide C, N, P, K, S and microelements, which provide necessary nutrients for the growth of pepper. Furthermore, select at least one of sheep manure, cow manure and chicken manure and corn straw to ferment for preparing organic fertilizer. After the second ploughing, the waste gypsum powder is placed in the bottom layer of the soil and the ions of which are exchanged with the soluble sodium ions and potassium ions in the surface layer of the soil. On the one hand, it reduces the content of soluble sodium ions and potassium ions in the soil, and on the other hand, it provides the calcium element necessary for the growth of pepper. Under the comprehensive synergism of the described nitrifying bacteria, sulfurizing bacteria and waste gypsum powder, the content of soluble sodium ions and potassium ions in the soil is greatly reduced, the risk of secondary salinization of the pepper planting soil is reduced, and the continuous cropping obstacles of pepper is slowed down. The waste limestone powder has slow chemical reaction with the acidic substance released from the root during the growth of pepper, which improves the pH value of the soil, prevents the soil from over acidification, and brings negative effects on the growth of pepper. At the same time, it also has an unexpected effect. When waste limestone powder reacts with the acidic substance released from the root during the growth of pepper, calcium ions and carbon dioxide are also released, which can promote the growth of pepper to a certain extent. As an optimization, the described nutrient regulating agent includes at least one of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and reagent containing trace elements, and is added appropriately according to the nutrient content of the described organic compound fertilizer and the soil nutrient status of the pre-planted pepper in the greenhouse. c. Application of earthworm manure: to apply earthworm manure to the soil applied with organic compound fertilizer. Earthworm manure is the product of organic fertilizer in earthworm body by natural combination. As a new type of organic fertilizer, it has the characteristics of no peculiar smell, strong water absorption, water retention and water permeability. It can improve the photosynthesis and soil fertility of plants, and has the effects of seedling protection, seedling strengthening, disease and insect resistance, inhibition of harmful bacteria and soil bome diseases. The application of earthworm manure can significantly improve the enzyme activity in the soil, especially the cellulase activity and sucrase activity which are important for the growth of pepper, vescripLiOnS and also helps the improvement of activity of protease, urease and phosphatase, and then effectively improve the disease resistance of pepper and increase the yield of pepper. As an optimization, the application amount of earthworm manure is 100kg~300kg per mu of soil.

d. Second ploughing of soil: to conduct second ploughing treatment on the soil applied with the organic compound fertilizer and earthworm manure. The second ploughing makes the described organic compound fertilizer and the described earthworm manure be placed in the bottom layer of the soil to provide continuous nutrition support for the growth of pepper and prevent the nutrition of the described organic compound fertilizer and the described earthworm manure from losing too fast, which results in the nutrition lose out of soil - pepper root system, or even leads to seedling burning. e. Pepper seedling transplantation: to transplant pepper seedlings into the soil in the greenhouse treated by steps a, b, c and d, and carry out daily management; Antidote of spraying: During the growth period of pepper, to spray antidote on the pepper to slow down the autotoxicity of pepper. As an optimization, the described antidote includes glutathione solution with a concentration of 0.1mg/L~1lmg/L. The spraying mode of the described

antidote is to spray once when there are 4~8 real leaves on the pepper seedling, and once every

12~15 days during flowering, fruit setting and fruit bearing periods. In order to further improve the

detoxification effect of the described antidote and promote the growth of pepper, the described antidote also includes liquid inoculant of photosynthetic bacteria, liquid inoculant of nitrifying bacteria and liquid inoculant of sulfurizing bacteria.

The technical proposal and technical effects of this invention will be further analyzed and described in detail through a specific embodiment.

1. Original state of soil The test site is located in the pepper demonstration base of a county in Ningxia (continuous cropping of pepper for more than 3 years), and the original soil conditions (the sampling depth is -20cm, 1 sample is made by mixing soil from at least 5 scattered points. Repeat three times.) are

shown in Table 1: Table 1. Original soil fertility at the embodiment site carbonate Bicarbon Chlori Sulfate Calciu Magnesiu Potassium Sodium ion ion ate ion de ion ion m ion m ion ion g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg 0.000 0.39 0.12 0.59 0.16 0.09 0.049 0.65

1escripLIOnS

The original flora and colony status of the embodiment site is shown in Table 2: Table 2. Flora and colony status of original soil at the embodiment site

Bacteria/fungi Bacteria Fungi Actinomycetes CFU/g CFU/g CFU/g

1.24 6.8x106 5.5x10' 7.2x105

The original enzyme activity status at the embodiment site is shown in Table 3: Table 3. Enzyme activity status of original soil at the embodiment site

Sucrase Urease Cellulase Catalase mg/ (g-d) mg/ (g-d) mg/ (g-72h) mg/ (g-min)

460 140 0.06 7.33

2. Experimental procedure (1) Plough the soil for pre-experiment once and dry it for two months; (2) Set aside 1/3 as the control soil, use 25% ethanol solution to spray 1/3 of the soil, use 20% horseradish solution to spray 1/3 of the soil, then cover them with plastic film, and heat the greenhouse to 40°C~-60°C, keep for 5~10 days, and disinfect the soil thoroughly; (3) Apply the above compound microbial agent to the soil disinfected by 25% ethanol solution and 20% horseradish solution, in which the ratio of bacillus: photosynthetic bacteria: yeast: nitrifying bacteria: sulfurizing bacteria is 1000: (10~50): (10~50): (0.5~1): (0.5~ 1). Then apply a mixture of decomposed sheep manure and corn straw by 1000kg per mu, spray waste gypsum powder by 20kg per mu, spray waste limestone powder by 20kg per mu, and apply earthworm manure 200kg per mu. (4) Conduct secondary ploughing to the soil applied with the organic compound fertilizer, and apply N, P and K fertilizers according to the situation to maintain the normal growth demand of pepper, transplant pepper seedlings, and carry out daily management. (5) Before pepper transplantation, make a measurement on soil nutrients, distribution of soil colonies and soil enzyme activity, and the results are shown in Table 4-6: Table 4. Soil fertility after treatment at the embodiment site Carbonate Bicarbo Chlori Sulfate Calciu Magnesiu Potassium Sodium ion Project ion nate ion de ion ion m ion m ion ion g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg Control 0.000 0.39 0.12 0.59 0.16 0.09 0.049 0.65 group Ethanol 0.000 0.28 0.11 0.63 0.15 0.11 0.036 0.057 group Horseradis 0.000 0.31 0.12 0.76 0.14 0.18 0.040 0.043 h group

Table 5. Bacterial flora and colony status of soil after treatment at the embodiment site vescripLIOnS

Bacteria/fu Fungi Fungus Actinomycetes Project ngi CFU/g CFU/g CFU/g

Control65 1.24 6.8x106 5.5x105 7.2x105 group Ethanol 5.6x106 3.9x106 4.2x106 group Horseradi 1.16 5.1x105 4.4x105 1.9x106 sh group

Table 6. Soil enzyme activity after treatment at the embodiment site

. Sucrase Urease Cellulase Catalase Project mg/ (g-d) mg/ (g-d) mg/ (g-72h) mg/ (g-min)

Control 460 140 0.06 7.33 group Ethanol 620 160 0.17 7.36 group Horseradi 790 200 0.17 7.38 sh group

(6) Spray the described antidote once when there are 4~8 real leaves on the pepper seedling, and once every 12~15 days during flowering, fruit setting and fruit bearing periods. The described antidote comprises 0.1mg/L glutathione solution, liquid inoculant of photosynthetic bacteria, liquid inoculant of nitrifying bacteria and liquid inoculant of sulfurizing bacteria.

Take the rhizosphere soil (4 times in total) 5 days after each root irrigation with a sampling depth of 20cm. Take a sample of 10OOg from 5 scattered points for each treatment. Take 100g and keep it fresh, refrigerate it at 4C and air dry the rest to be measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 7: Table 7. Contents of eight ions in the soil during the growth period of pepper

Carbonate Bicarbo Chlori Sulfate Calciu Magnesiu Potassium Sodium ion Project ion nate ion dion ion m ion m ion ion g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg g/kg Control 0.000 0.26 0.12 0.65 0.18 0.08 0.087 0.106 group Ethanol 0.000 0.27 0.14 0.37 0.25 0.07 0.056 0.051 group Horseradis 0.000 0.22 0.14 0.50 0.32 0.08 0.060 0.036 h group vescripLiOnS

After the third root irrigation, investigate the crown width, plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content of pepper (5 plants per plot). After growing and maturing, measure the single fruit weight by taking 50 fruits with uniform growth from each plot for investigation of fruit quality. The investigation results are shown in Table 8: Table 8. Investigation results during pepper growth period and after maturity

Stem Expans Chlorophyll Net phtsNeti Numbe rof Single Plant diam ion dime potsythtifruit Yield Project height er diamet content crate fruiting weight kg/23.4m 2 cm m er SPAD ml -1 per cm plant Control 40.1 13.0 38 57.15 19.58 20.1 113.2 187.3 group Ethanol 41.2 14.8 42 64.81 27.27 23.7 115.8 232.4 group Horseradis 40.8 14.7 45 66.02 26.76 23.2 115.6 227.5 h group

The above disclosure is only a good embodiment of this invention. Of course, it cannot be used to define the scope of claims of this invention. The common technicians in this field can understand all or part of the process to implement the above embodiment, and the equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of this invention still fall in the scope of this invention.

Claims

k- I a I 111 N

1. A pepper planting method for continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: a. Soil pretreatment: to plough and disinfect the soil in which pepper is pre-planted in the greenhouse; b. Application of organic compound fertilizer: to apply organic compound fertilizer to the ploughed and disinfected soil. The components of the described organic compound fertilizer include compound microbial agent, decomposed manure of human or livestock, decomposed crop straw, waste gypsum powder, waste limestone powder and nutrient regulating agent; c. Application of earthworm manure or organic seaweed fertilizer: to apply earthworm manure or organic seaweed fertilizer to the soil applied with organic compound fertilizer; d. Second ploughing of soil: to conduct second ploughing treatment on the soil applied with the organic compound fertilizer and earthworm manure; e . Pepper seedling transplantation: to transplant pepper seedlings into the soil in the greenhouse treated by steps a, b, c and d, and carry out daily management; f . Antidote of spraying: During the growth period of pepper, to spray antidote on the pepper to slow down the autotoxicity of pepper.

2. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 1, which is characterized in that in Step b, the described composite microbial agent includes bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, nitrifying bacteria and sulfurizing bacteria.

3. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 2, which is characterized in that the application amount of the described compound microbial agent is 200 million~ 10 billion per square meter of soil, wherein the number ratio of each strain in the described compound microbial agent is bacillus: photosynthetic bacteria: yeast: nitrifying bacteria: sulfurizing bacteria is 1000: (10~ 50): (10~50): (0.5~-1): (0.5 1).

4. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 1, which is characterized in that in Step b, the weight ratio of decomposed manure of human or livestock, decomposed crop straw, waste gypsum powder and waste limestone powder is (1.5~5): 2: (0.1~0.5): (0.1~0.5), and the application amount of the described organic compound fertilizer is 1000kg~3000kg per mu of soil.

5. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 4, which is characterized in that the described nutrient regulating agent includes at least one of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and reagent containing trace elements, and is added appropriately according to the nutrient content of the described organic compound fertilizer and the soil nutrient status of the pre-planted pepper in the greenhouse.

6. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 1, which is characterized in that in Step c, the application amount of earthworm manure is 100kg~300kg per mu of soil.

7. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 1, which is characterized in that in Step f, the described antidote includes glutathione solution with a concentration of 0.1mg/L~1Img/L. The spraying mode of the described antidote is to spray once when there are 4~8 real leaves on the pepper seedling, and once every 12~15 days during flowering, fruit setting and fruit bearing periods.

k- I a I 111 N

8. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 7, which is characterized in that the described antidote also includes liquid inoculant of photosynthetic bacteria, liquid inoculant of nitrifying bacteria and liquid inoculant of sulfurizing bacteria.

9. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 1, which is characterized in that in Step a, the specific methods of "and disinfection treatment" are as follows: After the soil is ploughed, carry out ridging operation, spray ethanol solution with a mass concentration of 25% - 50% or horseradish solution with a mass concentration of 15% - 20% on each ridge of soil, then cover it with plastic film, and heat the greenhouse to 4 0 °C~-60°C.

10. The pepper planting method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles in a greenhouse as described in Claim 1, which is characterized in that in Step a and Step c, the ploughing depth of the soil is not less than 30cm.