CN115643989A - Drip irrigation system under film for linear peppers and autumn-prolonging planting method - Google Patents
Drip irrigation system under film for linear peppers and autumn-prolonging planting method Download PDFInfo
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Images
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pepper planting, in particular to a line pepper under-film drip irrigation system and a autumn-prolonging planting method. The invention aims to illustrate the practicability of the line pepper under-film cultivation technology, such as variety selection, seeding and seedling raising, soil selection and soil preparation, drip irrigation tape installation and film covering, timely transplanting, field management, pest control, timely harvesting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pepper planting, in particular to a drip irrigation system under a film for linear peppers and an autumn-prolonging planting method.
Background
The name of Capsicum is Capsicum annuum L, solanaceae, capsicum. Is a perennial or limited herbaceous plant. The fruit and the peel of the pepper contain capsaicin and have spicy taste, and can promote appetite. The content of vitamin C in the pepper is the first in vegetables. Native to Mexico, ming dynasty transferred to China in the last year.
The linear pepper is the main variety of vegetables planted in the Guizhou Anshu Xixiu area, increases the income of farmers, and promotes the development of the vegetable industry. The cultivation area of the Luguyao pepper in the Xixiu area is large, the quality is good, the product is sold far and saved outside the market, and the product is deeply favored by consumers. However, regarding the standardized cultivation of the linear peppers for prolonging the autumn, a complete system is not formed, so that the linear peppers are different in quality and are not beneficial to large-scale market.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drip irrigation system under a chili film and an autumn-prolonging planting method, and the quality of the chili is improved through targeted chili drip irrigation setting and a chili management and protection technology. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for planting linear peppers in a delayed autumn mode comprises the following steps:
(1) Variety selection
Selecting high-quality, high-yield, strong stress resistance and wide-adaptability early-medium-maturing pepper varieties for vegetables; the pepper variety is any one of Guizhou pepper No. 8, lafeng No. 3, new Guanjun No. two and Korean jade No. 3.
(2) Seeding and seedling raising
A. Disinfection of nursery trays
A new tray is used without disinfection;
when the old tray is used for growing seedlings, the tray is disinfected, and the old tray is cleaned by clean water; then soaking in copper salt; then cleaning with a disinfectant;
B. seeding
Checking whether a bottom hole of the floating disc is blocked before loading the disc, and drilling through the cold-blocked part; paving a clean film on the ground, and adjusting the humidity of the matrix to 45-55 percent; when filling, the matrix is pushed into the hole by using a straight wood board, then the floating disc is held to the height of 10-12 cm and naturally falls for 3-4 times, so that the matrix is uniform and compact;
selecting high-quality seeds for sowing; drying the seeds for 2-3 days before sowing, then scalding the seeds in clear water at 55-60 ℃ and continuously stirring for 10-15 min; pressing the plate lattice matrix with fingertip to form seeding holes with depth of 6-10 mm; dibbling the seeds into the holes by using fingers;
covering a substrate immediately after sowing, arranging the surfaces of the hole trays to be parallel and level, putting the sowed trays in a seedling pool in time, irrigating the seedling pool one day before sowing, irrigating the nutrition pool with clear water to a depth of 5-7 cm, and adding water and supplementing fertilizer in time if water leakage and fertilizer leakage occur, wherein the water surface cannot be exposed to the sun to prevent algae from breeding;
the fertilizer application is carried out for 2 times: the first time in sowing, pure N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O concentrations are respectively 0.03%; pure N when 2 true leaves grow out after sowing for the second time、P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O concentrations are respectively 0.05 percent; during fertilization, firstly dissolving the fertilizer in hot water in a container, then pouring the fertilizer into a water bed for 2-3 times and uniformly stirring;
C. management of seedling stage
The seedling raising period is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, the temperature in the season is high, only rain sheltering seedling raising is adopted, the temperature is the same as that of the external environment, squatting seedling raising is carried out, and water management is enhanced; spraying 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 time 6-7 days after seedling emergence; 7-10 days before the pepper seedlings are transplanted, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening off the seedlings for 2-3 times, and recovering in the morning by wilting the pepper seedlings at noon; hardening seedlings 1d before transplanting, putting the seedling tray into a nutrient pond to ensure that the pepper seedlings fully absorb sufficient water and fertilizer, and transplanting the pepper seedlings into a field; transplanting the seedlings when 10-12 true leaves grow out;
(3) Soil selection, soil preparation and fertilization
A. Selecting soil: the pepper planting field is not planted with other solanaceae crops within 3 years, is rich in organic substances, has deep soil layer, can preserve water and fertilizer, can be irrigated and drained, and does not accumulate water in rainy season;
B. deep ploughing and fine harrowing, wherein soil particles on the surface layer are finely crushed and leveled without large blocks or pits; making ridges with the furrows of 120cm in a box, wherein the height of the ridges is 20-30 cm, the distance between the ridges is 40cm, and the width of the ridges is 80cm; finely flattening the surface of the ridge, uniformly forming fertilizing ditches in the middle of the surface of the ridge, and forming drainage ditches at the periphery of the surface of the ridge; 30 days before planting, the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5, and 50kg of quicklime is applied to each mu;
the flow rate of drip irrigation tapes is 2.4-2.5L/h, the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 20-30 cm, the silver gray mulching film width is 120cm, 1 drip irrigation tape is laid in each furrow film, and the using amount is 600 m/mu; the connecting pipe is directly arranged on the branch pipe, the drip irrigation tape is sleeved with the connecting pipe and is arranged in parallel with the planting rows, and the branch pipe is perpendicular to the planting rows; the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe or directly connected with a water source system;
applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the base fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg or 70-100 kg of fermented vegetable cake and 40kg of high-concentration fertilizer; applying a base fertilizer into the furrow to be uniformly mixed with the soil, wherein the furrow surface is of a turtle back type, and the soil on the furrow surface is fully watered thoroughly, and 15-20 m < 3 > of water is dropped per mu;
the high-concentration fertilizer is a compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15;
C. transplanting and field planting are carried out in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last 8 months, when the seedlings are 10 to 12 true leaves, the plant height is 15cm to 20cm, the seedling age is 50 to 60 days, and field planting is carried out in time in the afternoon of cloudy days or sunny days; transplanting and planting density is 2 lines of planting in each ridge, planting in a shape of Chinese character 'pin', planting distance is 25-45 cm, 3700-5000 plants are planted in each mu, and 1-2 plants are planted in each hole;
watering with small water service, and watering for 1 time every 3-5 d, and dripping 10-15 m < 3 > of water per mu; the topdressing of the pepper is carried out by dripping with water; after the seedlings are planted and survived for 7-10 days, 1 time of seedling raising fertilizer is applied with water drops, and 2-4 kg of urea is applied per mu of seedlings in a dropping mode to promote the growth of the seedlings; when the plants are yellow and dwarf, 30 g of monopotassium phosphate and 50 g of urea are mixed with 15kg of water to prepare the mixture with the concentration: spraying a mixed solution of 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 percent of urea for seedling extraction, and spraying for 1 time at the middle and later stages for 5-7 d; 10kg of potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15) is dripped along with water drops Shi Liusuan per mu for 1 time every 10-15 days; the fertilizer dripping time is 1 to 1.5 hours after the beginning of dripping and 30 to 35 minutes before the end of dripping;
removing lateral branches and old leaves below the first branch, and picking off flos Menispermi or Capsici fructus;
D. the pest and disease damage of the pepper planted by drip irrigation under the film is light. An agricultural comprehensive prevention and control policy of mainly preventing and assisting is adopted, and a prevention and control principle of mainly preventing and controlling agriculture, physically preventing and controlling and biologically preventing and controlling chemically preventing and assisting is adopted.
Installing a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp and a black light lamp to trap and kill pests, trapping and killing underground pests by using a sugar-vinegar solution, trapping and killing bemisia tabaci and winged aphids by using a yellow plate, repelling aphids by using a silver gray mulching film, and preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and diamond back moths by using a Bt emulsion;
aphids: selecting a new pesticide pirimicarb with triple effects of contact killing, systemic absorption and fumigation, and spraying the new pesticide pirimicarb by diluting 4000-8000 times by 10-20 g of liquid medicine per mu; every 667 square meter can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 40-70 g 1000-2000 times liquid), or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times liquid, or quick-kill 5% emulsifiable concentrate 300 times liquid.
Tea yellow mite: 3000 times of 43 percent of biphenyl hydramate suspending agent, 2000 times of 4.0 percent of abamectin and fenpyroximate aqueous emulsion or 2000 times of 20 percent of clofentezine suspending agent can be selected for spraying prevention and control. The tea yellow mites are mainly concentrated on the back surfaces of young leaves, so that the front surface and the back surface are sprayed when the acaricide is sprayed, and the young parts are sprayed with emphasis.
Red spider: the method of 'circle treatment' is adopted, namely, 1 pesticide package is sprayed immediately to surround the circle by a sprayer at the initial stage of the red spider spotting, the range of the circle is larger than the range of pests, and then the pepper plants in the circle are thoroughly sprayed. 3000 times of 43 percent of biphenyl hydramate suspending agent, 2000 times of 4.0 percent of abamectin and fenpyroximate aqueous emulsion or 2000 times of 20 percent of clofentezine suspending agent can be selected for spraying prevention and control.
Bollworm and oriental tobacco worm: selecting any one or more of 2.5% cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution 2000-4000 times, 20% swertia (fenpropathrin) emulsifiable solution 2000-2500 times and 10.8% Kaiser (tetrabromthrin) emulsifiable solution 5000-7500 times for spraying; spraying for 1 time every 6-7 d and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
E. pepper bacterial wilt: in the early stage of disease, either streptomycin sulfate solution with the concentration of 200-220 mg/kg or 20% bisultap 800 times solution is poured onto roots, 250-260 ml of each plant is poured, and pouring is carried out for 1 time after 7 days.
Viral diseases: selecting 20% virus A500 times liquid, adding 10% once clean wettable powder or 20% Miezong wettable powder to prepare 1000 times liquid for spraying, spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
anthracnose: spraying 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid or 50% thiram wettable powder 500 times liquid at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times;
epidemic diseases: when a central disease strain is found, filling 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% wettable daphniphora or 1; during field planting, after seedling delay and in a full-bloom stage, selecting 400-500 times of 58% wettable daphniphylurea-zinc powder, or 500 times of 40% wettable fosetyl-aluminum powder, or 600-800 times of 722% propiconazole to irrigate roots for 1-2 times;
root rot, namely selecting 1500 times of 50 percent iprodione wettable powder and 1000 times of 72 percent cream urea-manganese zinc wettable powder to mix, or 1000 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 1000 times of 58 percent methyl cream-manganese zinc wettable powder to irrigate roots;
sudden collapse and damping off: in the early stage of the disease, 64 percent of oxadixyl and mancozeb 500-time liquid can be sprayed;
(4) Harvesting at the right time
Harvesting begins in 9 months, 1000-1500 kg of a 667 square meter is produced, 2-4 times of harvesting are carried out, and 1 time of harvesting is carried out in 10-15 days generally; the harvesting is carried out in the morning of sunny days.
Further, the copper salt soaking specifically comprises: soaking in 0.1% copper sulfate solution for 10min.
Further, the disinfectant cleaning specifically comprises: soaking in bleaching powder or carbendazim solution for 30-35 min.
Further, the concentration of the bleaching powder liquid is 0.4%.
Further, the carbendazim solution is diluted by 500 times by the carbendazim stock solution.
Further, the dibbling density is 1 or 2 dibbles per hole.
Furthermore, the ph of the water in the tank is 6.5-7.
Further, the transplanted seedling using standard is as follows: not overgrowing and aging, the stem diameter of 0.3-0.35 cm, dark green and glossy leaf color, developed root system and no plant diseases and insect pests.
A drip irrigation system under a film for linear peppers comprises a drip irrigation belt, a connecting pipe, a branch pipe and a main pipe; the drip irrigation tape is sleeved with a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is fixedly connected with the branch pipe; the branch pipe is fixedly connected with the main pipe and a water source; the main pipe is connected with a water source; the side, close to a water source, of the main pipe is sequentially provided with a gate valve I, a filter screen, a fertilization barrel, a gate valve II, a pressure gauge and a flow meter; drip holes are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation tape, are upward and avoid the blockage of the drip holes; the height difference between the fertilization barrel and the planting ground is at least 1 m; a drip irrigation tape switch is arranged on the connecting pipe;
the tail part of the drip irrigation tape is blocked by adopting a triangular knot, or the tail part of a capillary tube is folded back, and then a small section of capillary tube is cut and sleeved; the main pipe tail plugging method includes that a small section of main pipe belt is triangulated, or the main pipe tail is folded by 30cm and then is cut by 2-5 cm to be loaded on the main pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
1. the hot peppers are harvested after the autumn delay, the dense planting is carried out on the high ridges and the rows of 2, the selling price of the hot peppers is high in the period, and the income of farmers is increased.
2. The problems of reduced yield and reduced quality of the peppers caused by uneven rainfall and close-to-day planting due to dry autumn and stage water shortage in the open field cultivation of the peppers are solved;
3. compared with the traditional open field cultivation mode, drip irrigation under the film is characterized in that water and fertilizer are accurately supplied at fixed points and positioned, the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer is greatly improved, labor and time are saved, water and fertilizer are saved, soil is not easy to harden, disease resistance of the water melon is improved, and pesticides are not used or the usage amount of the pesticides is reduced; the drip irrigation system is movable, cost is saved, efficiency is improved, the cost is saved by 420 yuan per mu, and 1000 to 1500kg per mu are produced. The economic, social and ecological benefits are obviously improved.
4. The purposes of heat preservation, moisture preservation, fertilizer preservation and weed prevention are achieved by adopting silver gray mulching film coverage;
5. promoting early harvest, improving pepper quality and yield, and increasing pepper commodity and fruit rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drip irrigation arrangement for planting peppers according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the growth of the hot pepper of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the real scene of drip irrigation under the laying film;
wherein, 1 is the water source, 2 is the drip irrigation zone, 3 is the connecting pipe, 4 is the branch pipe, 5 is the planting row, 6 is the trunk, 7 is the gate valve one, 8 is the filter screen, 9 is the fertilization bucket, 10 is the gate valve two, 11 is the manometer, 12 is the flowmeter, 13 is the drip hole, 14 is the plastic film, 15 is the drip irrigation zone switch.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A method for planting linear peppers in a delayed autumn mode comprises the following steps:
(1) Variety selection
Selecting the Korean jade No. 3 of the hot pepper variety which has high quality, high yield, strong stress resistance and wide adaptability.
(2) Seeding and seedling raising
A Disinfection of seedling-raising tray
A new tray is used without disinfection;
when the old tray is used for growing seedlings, the tray is disinfected, and the old tray is cleaned by clean water; then soaking in copper salt; then cleaning with a disinfectant; the copper salt soaking specifically comprises the following steps: soaking in 0.1% copper sulfate solution for 10min; the disinfectant cleaning specifically comprises the following steps: soaking in bleaching powder or carbendazim solution for 30min; the concentration of the bleaching powder liquid is 0.4%; the carbendazim solution is diluted by 500 times by the carbendazim stock solution;
sowing (B)
Checking whether a bottom hole of the floating disc is blocked before loading the disc, and drilling through the blocked bottom hole; paving a clean film on the ground, and adjusting the humidity of the matrix to 45%; when filling, pushing the matrix into the hole by using a straight wood plate, then enabling the floating disc to reach the height of 10cm, and naturally falling for 3 times to ensure that the matrix is uniform and compact;
selecting high-quality seeds for sowing; drying seeds for 2d before sowing, scalding the seeds with clear water at 55 ℃, and continuously stirring for 10min; lightly pressing the disc hole grid matrix with fingertips to form a sowing hole with the depth of 6 mm; dibbling the seeds into the holes by using fingers; the dibbling density is 1 seed per hole;
covering a substrate immediately after sowing, arranging the surfaces of the hole trays to be parallel and level, putting the sowed trays in a seedling pool in time, irrigating the seedling pool one day before sowing, irrigating the nutrition pool with clear water to a depth of 5cm, and adding water and supplementing fertilizer in time if water leakage and fertilizer leakage occur, wherein the water surface cannot be exposed to the sun to prevent algae from breeding;
the fertilizer application is carried out for 2 times: the first time in sowing, pure N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O concentrations are respectively 0.03%; when 2 true leaves grow out after sowing for the second time, pure N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O concentrations are respectively 0.05 percent; during fertilization, firstly dissolving the fertilizer in hot water in a container, and then pouring the fertilizer into a water bed for 2 times to be uniformly stirred;
C. management of seedling stage
The seedling raising period is carried out in the middle and late days of 5 months, the temperature in the season is high, only rain sheltering seedling raising is adopted, the temperature is the same as that in the external environment, squatting seedling raising is carried out, and water management is enhanced; spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 time 6d after seedling emergence; 7d before the pepper seedlings are transplanted, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening off the seedlings for 2 times, and recovering in the morning by wilting the pepper seedlings at noon; hardening seedlings 1d before transplanting, putting the seedling tray into a nutrient pond to ensure that the pepper seedlings fully absorb sufficient water and fertilizer, and transplanting the pepper seedlings into a field; transplanting the seedlings when 10 true leaves grow out;
(3) Soil selection, soil preparation and fertilization
A. Selecting soil: the pepper planting field is not planted with other solanaceae crops within 3 years, is rich in organic substances, has deep soil layer, can retain water and fertilizer, can be filled and drained, and has no water accumulation in rainy season and no water shortage in dry season;
B. deep ploughing and fine harrowing, wherein soil particles on the surface layer are finely crushed and leveled without large blocks or pits; making ridges with the ditch of 120cm for covering the compartment, wherein the height of the ridges is 20cm, the distance between the ridges is 40cm, and the width of the ridges is 80cm; finely flattening the surface of the ridge, uniformly forming fertilizing ditches in the middle of the surface of the ridge, and forming drainage ditches at the periphery of the surface of the ridge; 30 days before field planting, the ph value of the soil is 5.5, and 50kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of land;
the drip irrigation tape is 2.4L/h in flow, the drip irrigation tape interval is 20cm, silver gray plastic film with the width of 120cm is used for covering, 1 drip irrigation branch pipe is laid in each furrow film, and the using amount is 600 m/mu; the connecting pipe is directly arranged on the branch pipe, the drip irrigation tape is sleeved with the connecting pipe and is arranged in parallel with the planting rows, and the branch pipe is perpendicular to the planting rows; the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe or directly connected with a water source system;
applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu of base fertilizer is 1000kg, the fermented vegetable cake is 70kg, and the high-concentration fertilizer is 40kg; applying the base fertilizer into the furrow to mix with the soil uniformly, wherein the furrow surface is of a turtle back type, the soil on the furrow surface is fully watered thoroughly, and the water is dropped by 15-20 m per mu 3 (ii) a The high-concentration fertilizer is a compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15;
C. transplanting and field planting in 7-month middle ten days, when the seedling has 10 true leaves, the plant height is 15cm, the seedling age is 50d, and field planting is performed in time in the afternoon on cloudy days or sunny days; transplanting and planting density is 2 lines of planting in each ridge, planting in a shape of Chinese character 'pin', planting distance is 25cm, 3700 plants are planted in each mu, and 1 plant is planted in each hole;
watering for a short period of water, and watering for 1 time every 3d with 10m water drop per mu 3 (ii) a The topdressing of the pepper is carried out by dripping with water; 7d after the survival of the field planting, 1 time of seedling raising fertilizer is applied along with water drops, and 2kg of urea is applied per mu of water drops to promote the growth of seedlings; yellow and dwarf the plant, adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate30 g and 50 g of urea are mixed with 15kg of water, and the mixture is prepared into the following components in concentration: spraying mixed solution of 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 percent of urea for seedling extraction, and spraying for 1 time at 5d in the middle and later stages; 10kg of potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15) is added to each mu of the fertilizer along with water drops Shi Liusuan, and the fertilizer is added for 1 time every 10 days; the fertilizer dripping time is 1h after the beginning of dripping and 30min before the end of dripping;
removing lateral branches and old leaves below the first branch, and picking off the flower or pepper;
D. the pest and disease damage of the peppers planted by drip irrigation under the film is light. An agricultural comprehensive prevention and control policy of mainly preventing and assisting is adopted, and a prevention and control principle of mainly preventing and controlling agriculture, physically preventing and controlling and biologically preventing and controlling chemically preventing and assisting is adopted.
Installing a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp and a black light lamp to trap and kill pests, trapping and killing underground pests by using a sugar-vinegar solution, trapping and killing bemisia tabaci and winged aphids by using a yellow plate, repelling aphids by using a silver gray mulching film, and preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and diamond back moths by using a Bt emulsion;
aphids: selecting a new pesticide pirimicarb with triple effects of contact killing, systemic absorption and fumigation, and spraying the pirimicarb by diluting 4000 times with 10g of liquid medicine per mu; 40g of 1000 times of liquid imidacloprid wettable powder is used per 667 square meters.
Tea yellow mite: 3000 times of solution of 43 percent of biphenyl hydrargyri ester suspending agent or 2000 times of solution of 4.0 percent abamectin-fenpyroximate aqueous emulsion is selected; the tea yellow mites are mainly concentrated on the back surfaces of young leaves, so that the front surfaces and the back surfaces of the leaves are sprayed during spraying, and the young parts are sprayed with emphasis;
red spider: adopting a 'circle control' method, namely immediately spraying 1 pesticide surrounding circle by a sprayer at the initial stage of the red spider spotting, wherein the circle range is slightly larger than the range of pests, and then thoroughly spraying pesticide on pepper plants in the circle; 3000 times of 43 percent of biphenyl hydrazine ester suspending agent is selected for spray prevention and control;
bollworm and oriental tobacco worm: 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution 2000 times of the solution is selected for spraying; spraying for 1 time every 6-7 d and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
E. pepper bacterial wilt: at the early stage of disease onset, the roots were watered with 200mg/kg streptomycin sulfate solution, 250ml per plant, and 1 additional time every 7 days.
Viral diseases: selecting 20% virus A500 times liquid, adding 10% Yijing wettable powder, preparing 1000 times liquid for spraying, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2 times;
anthracnose: spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution at the initial stage of disease attack, wherein the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 70 days and for 3 times continuously;
epidemic diseases: when a central disease strain is found, filling 800 times of liquid of 50% wettable daphniphora soil into roots to close a disease center; during field planting, after seedling delay and in a full-bloom stage, 400-500 times of 58% wettable daphniphyllum-manganese-zinc powder is selected to be irrigated into roots for 1-2 times;
root rot, namely selecting 1500 times of 50 percent iprodione wettable powder and 1000 times of 72 percent lufenuron-manganese zinc wettable powder to mix and irrigate roots for application;
sudden collapse and damping off: in the early stage of the disease, 64 percent of oxadixyl and mancozeb 500-time liquid can be sprayed;
(4) Harvesting at the right time
Harvesting is started in 9 months, 1000kg of a square meter is produced in 667, 2 times of harvesting are carried out, and 1 time of harvesting is carried out in 10 days generally; the harvesting is carried out in the morning of sunny days.
As shown in the figure 1,1, a water source 2 is a drip irrigation tape, a connecting pipe 3, a branch pipe 4, a planting row 5, a main pipe 6, the branch pipe 4, the main pipe 6 and the water source 1 are selectively connected, and one of the branch pipe 4, the main pipe 6 and the water source 1 is selected to be connected according to terrain.
The flow rate of drip irrigation tapes of the connecting pipes is 2.4L/h, the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 20cm, the width of the ash ground film is 120cm, 1 drip irrigation branch pipe is laid in each furrow film, and the using amount is 750 m/mu; the connecting pipe is directly arranged on the branch pipe, the drip irrigation tape is sleeved with the connecting pipe and is arranged in parallel with the planting rows, and the branch pipe is perpendicular to the planting rows; the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe or directly connected with a water source system;
a drip irrigation system under a film for linear peppers comprises a drip irrigation belt 2, a connecting pipe 3, a branch pipe 4 and a main pipe 6; the drip irrigation tape 2 is sleeved with a connecting pipe 3, and the connecting pipe 3 is fixedly connected with a branch pipe 4; the branch pipe 4 is fixedly connected with the main pipe 6 and the water source 1; the main pipe 6 is connected with a water source 1; the side, close to the water source 1, of the main pipe 6 is sequentially provided with a first gate valve 7, a filter screen 8, a fertilization barrel 9, a second gate valve 10, a pressure gauge 11 and a flow gauge 12, and planting rows, connecting pipes, branch pipes and drip irrigation belts are covered under mulching films; a drip irrigation pipe switch 15 is arranged on the connecting pipe 3;
the drip irrigation belt 2 is parallel to the planting rows 5, and a mulching film 14 covers the drip irrigation belt 2;
the height difference between the fertilizing barrel 9 and the planting ground is more than 1m, and a height difference self-flowing mode is adopted; drip holes are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation belt 2, are upward and avoid blockage; the tail part of the drip irrigation tape is blocked by adopting a triangular knot, or the tail part of a capillary tube is folded back, and then a small section of capillary tube is cut and sleeved; the main pipe tail plugging method includes that a small section of main pipe belt is triangulated, or the main pipe tail is folded by 30cm and then is cut by 2-5 cm to be loaded on the main pipe.
Wherein, 1 is the water source, 2 is the drip irrigation zone, 3 is the connecting pipe, 4 is the branch pipe, 5 is the planting row, 6 is the trunk, 7 is the gate valve one, 8 is the filter screen, 9 is the fertilization bucket, 10 is the gate valve two, 11 is the manometer, 12 is the flowmeter, 13 is the drip hole, 14 is the plastic film, 15 is the drip irrigation zone switch.
Test examples
Pepper planting is carried out according to a conventional mode and in combination with a prior art patent CN201510098768.1 to serve as a control group; according to the scheme of the invention, the capsicum is planted in the Anshun capsicum planting base to be used as an experimental group. Before pepper is planted, the leaves of each group of pepper seedlings are collected, the chlorophyll content is detected, the collected pepper seedlings are 12cm in plant height and healthy in rising, the chlorophyll is detected by SPAD, and the detection result of the chlorophyll content of the pepper seedlings is shown in figure 1. After the peppers are harvested, detecting the purity of each capsorubin group and the content of soluble sugar in the peppers, wherein the capsorubin purity detection method comprises the following steps: extracting each group of capsorubin crude products by using ethanol-water solution reflux according to a conventional method, and analyzing the purity of capsorubin in each group of crude products by using liquid chromatography. The Vc content is determined by 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration method, and the soluble sugar content is determined by anthrone colorimetry. The results are shown in the following table:
| chlorophyll content | Capsorubin% | Soluble sugar (%) | Vc content mg/100g | |
| Experimental group | 59.33 | 42.33 | 15.57 | 44.33 |
| Control group | 53.98 | 40.80 | 14.09 | 40.88 |
The method effectively ensures the growth of the pepper in the seedling stage, establishes a good seedling stage foundation for the quality improvement of the pepper in the later stage, and improves the quality in pepper cultivation.
After the pepper is harvested, the cost investment of each planting stage of the experimental group is counted relative to the cost investment of the control group:
| fertilization phase | The experimental group saves 120.03 yuan compared with the control group; |
| stage of manual input | The experimental group saves 233.98 yuan compared with the control group; |
| pesticide input | The experimental group saves 65.99 yuan compared with the control group |
| Aggregate savings | 420 yuan. |
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, it can be seen from the table that the cost is effectively reduced and the pepper quality is ensured by using the scheme of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for planting the linear peppers in the autumn-prolonging mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Variety selection
Selecting high-quality, high-yield, strong stress resistance and wide-adaptability early-medium-maturing pepper varieties for vegetables; the pepper variety is any one of Qian pepper 8, lafeng 3, new Guanjun No. two and Korean jade 3, which is suitable for being planted locally in the early-middle-maturing stage;
(2) Seeding and seedling raising
A. Disinfection of seedling raising tray
A new tray is used without disinfection;
when the old tray is used for growing seedlings, the tray is disinfected, and the old tray is cleaned by clean water; then soaking in copper salt; then cleaning with a disinfectant;
B. seeding
Checking whether a bottom hole of the floating disc is blocked before loading the disc, and drilling through the cold-blocked part; paving a clean film on the ground, and adjusting the humidity of the matrix to 45-55 percent; when filling, the matrix is pushed into the hole by using a straight wood board, then the floating disc is held to the height of 10-12 cm and naturally falls for 3-4 times, so that the matrix is uniform and compact;
selecting high-quality seeds for sowing; drying the seeds for 2-3 days before sowing, then scalding the seeds in clear water at 55-60 ℃ and continuously stirring for 10-15 min; pressing the plate lattice matrix with fingertip to form seeding holes with depth of 6-10 mm; dibbling the seeds into the holes by using fingers;
covering a substrate immediately after sowing, arranging the surfaces of the hole trays to be parallel and level, putting the sowed trays in a seedling pool in time, irrigating the seedling pool one day before sowing, irrigating the nutrition pool with clear water to a depth of 5-7 cm, and adding water and supplementing fertilizer in time if water leakage and fertilizer leakage occur, wherein the water surface cannot be exposed to the sun to prevent algae from breeding;
the fertilizer application is carried out for 2 times: the first time in sowing, pure N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O concentrations are respectively 0.03%; when 2 true leaves grow out after sowing for the second time, pure N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O concentrations are respectively 0.05 percent; when in fertilization, firstly, the fertilizer is dissolved by hot water in a container, and then poured into a water bed for 2-3 times and evenly stirred;
C. management of seedling stage
The seedling raising period is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, the temperature in the season is high, only rain sheltering seedling raising is adopted, the temperature is the same as that of the external environment, squatting seedling raising is carried out, and water management is enhanced; spraying 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 time 6-7 days after seedling emergence; 7-10 days before the pepper seedlings are transplanted, cutting off water and fertilizer, hardening off the seedlings for 2-3 times, and recovering in the morning by wilting the pepper seedlings at noon; hardening seedlings 1d before transplanting, putting the seedling tray into a nutrient pond to ensure that the pepper seedlings fully absorb sufficient water and fertilizer, and transplanting the pepper seedlings into a field; transplanting the seedlings when 10-12 true leaves grow out;
(3) Soil selection, soil preparation and fertilization
A. Selecting soil: the pepper planting field is not planted with other solanaceae crops within 3 years, is rich in organic substances, has deep soil layer, can preserve water and fertilizer, can be irrigated and drained, and does not accumulate water in rainy season;
B. deep ploughing and fine harrowing, wherein soil particles on the surface layer are finely crushed and leveled without large blocks or pits; making ridges with the furrows of 120cm in a box, wherein the height of the ridges is 20-30 cm, the distance between the ridges is 40cm, and the width of the ridges is 80cm; finely flattening the surface of the ridge, uniformly forming fertilizing ditches in the middle of the surface of the ridge, and forming drainage ditches at the periphery of the surface of the ridge; 30 days before planting, the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5, and 50kg of quicklime is applied to each mu;
drip irrigation tape is adopted, the drip hole flow is 2.4-2.5L/h, the drip irrigation tape interval is 20-30 cm, the silver gray mulching film width is 120cm, 1 drip irrigation tape is laid in each furrow film, and the using amount is 600 m/mu; the connecting pipe is directly arranged on the branch pipe, the drip irrigation tape is sleeved with the connecting pipe and is arranged in parallel with the planting rows, and the branch pipe is perpendicular to the planting rows; the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe or directly connected with a water source system;
applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the base fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg or 70-100 kg of fermented vegetable cake and 40kg of high-concentration fertilizer; applying the base fertilizer into the furrow to mix with the soil uniformly, wherein the furrow surface is of a turtle back type, the soil on the furrow surface is fully watered thoroughly, and the water is dropped by 15-20 m per mu 3 ；
The high-concentration fertilizer is a compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15;
C. transplanting and field planting are carried out in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last 8 months, when the seedlings are 10 to 12 true leaves, the plant height is 15cm to 20cm, the seedling age is 40 to 50 days, and field planting is carried out in time in the afternoon of cloudy days or sunny days; transplanting and planting density is 2 lines of planting in each ridge, planting in a shape of Chinese character 'pin', planting distance is 25-45 cm, 3700-5000 plants are planted in each mu, and 1-2 plants are planted in each hole;
the watering needs to be performed with small water service, the watering is performed for 1 time every 3 to 5 days, and the water is dripped for 10 to 15m per mu 3 (ii) a The topdressing of the pepper is carried out by dripping with water; after the field planting survives 7-10 days, 1 time of seedling-raising fertilizer is applied with water drops, and urea is applied per mu2-4 kg to promote the growth of seedlings; when the plants are yellow and dwarf, 30 g of monopotassium phosphate and 50 g of urea are mixed with 15kg of water to prepare the mixture with the concentration: spraying a mixed solution of 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 percent of urea for seedling extraction for 1 time at the middle and later stages for 5-7 days; 10kg of potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15) is dripped along with water drops Shi Liusuan per mu for 1 time every 10-15 days; the fertilizer dripping time is 1 to 1.5 hours after the beginning of dripping and 30 to 35 minutes before the end of dripping;
removing lateral branches and old leaves below the first branch, and picking off flos Menispermi or Capsici fructus;
D. the pest and disease damage of the pepper planted by drip irrigation under the film is light;
an agricultural comprehensive control policy of mainly preventing and assisting is adopted, and a control principle of mainly preventing and controlling agriculture, physically preventing and controlling and biologically preventing and controlling chemically preventing and assisting is adopted;
installing a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp and a black light lamp to trap and kill pests, trapping and killing underground pests by using a sugar-vinegar solution, trapping and killing bemisia tabaci and winged aphids by using a yellow plate, repelling aphids by using a silver gray mulching film, and preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and diamond back moths by using a Bt emulsion;
aphids: selecting a new pesticide pirimicarb with triple effects of contact killing, systemic absorption and fumigation, and spraying the new pesticide pirimicarb by diluting 4000-8000 times by 10-20 g of liquid medicine per mu; using 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder 40-70 g 1000-2000 times liquid per 667 square meter), or 2.5 percent deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times liquid spray, or quick-kill 5 percent emulsifiable concentrate 300 times liquid spray;
tea yellow mite: 3000 times of solution of 43 percent of fenpyrad suspending agent, 2000 times of solution of 4.0 percent of abamectin and fenpyroximate aqueous emulsion, or 2000 times of solution of 20 percent of clofentezine suspending agent is selected for spray prevention and control; the tea yellow mites are mainly concentrated on the back surfaces of the young leaves, so that the front surface and the back surface are sprayed when the acaricide is sprayed, and the young parts are sprayed with emphasis;
red spider: adopting a 'circle treatment' method, namely immediately spraying 1 pesticide surrounding circle by a sprayer at the initial stage of the red spider spotting, wherein the circle range is larger than the range of pests, and then thoroughly spraying pesticide on pepper plants in the circle; 3000 times of solution of 43 percent of fenpyrad suspending agent, 2000 times of solution of 4.0 percent of abamectin and fenpyroximate aqueous emulsion, or 2000 times of solution of 20 percent of clofentezine suspending agent is selected for spray prevention and control;
bollworm and oriental tobacco worm: selecting any one or more of 2.5% cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution 2000-4000 times, 20% swertia (fenpropathrin) emulsifiable solution 2000-2500 times and 10.8% Kaiser (tetrabromthrin) emulsifiable solution 5000-7500 times for spraying; spraying for 1 time every 6-7 d and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
E. pepper bacterial wilt: pouring the roots with any one of streptomycin sulfate solution with the concentration of 200-220 mg/kg and 20% of leaf-bisultap 800 times solution at the initial stage of disease attack, pouring 250-260 ml of each plant, and pouring for 1 time after 7 days;
viral diseases: selecting 20% virus A500 times liquid, adding 10% once clean wettable powder or 20% Miezong wettable powder to prepare 1000 times liquid for spraying, spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
anthracnose: spraying 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid or 50% thiram wettable powder 500 times liquid at the initial stage of disease attack, wherein the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 7-10 days and for 3 times continuously;
epidemic diseases: finding a central disease strain, and filling 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% wettable daphniphyllum powder or 1; during field planting, after seedling delay and in a full-bloom stage, selecting 400-500 times of 58% wettable daphniphylurea-zinc powder, or 500 times of 40% wettable fosetyl-aluminum powder, or 600-800 times of 722% propiconazole to irrigate roots for 1-2 times;
root rot, namely selecting 1500 times of 50 percent iprodione wettable powder and 1000 times of 72 percent cream urea-manganese zinc wettable powder to mix, or 1000 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 1000 times of 58 percent methyl cream-manganese zinc wettable powder to irrigate roots;
sudden collapse and damping off: spraying 64% oxadixyl and mancozeb 500-fold liquid at the early stage of disease onset;
(4) Harvesting at the right time
Harvesting begins in 9 months, 1000-1500 kg of a 667 square meter is produced, 2-4 times of harvesting are carried out, and 1 time of harvesting is carried out in 10-15 days generally; the collection is carried out in the morning of sunny days.
2. The method for planting linear peppers in a delayed autumn manner according to claim 1, wherein the copper salt soaking is specifically as follows: soaking in 0.1% copper sulfate solution for 10min.
3. The method for growing the linear peppers for the delayed autumn according to claim 1, wherein the disinfectant cleaning specifically comprises: soaking in bleaching powder or carbendazim solution for 30-35 min.
4. The method for planting linear peppers in late autumn according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the bleaching powder liquid is 0.4%.
5. The method for growing linear peppers delayed autumn according to claim 1, wherein the carbendazim solution is diluted 500 times by a carbendazim stock solution.
6. The method for planting linear peppers in a delayed autumn according to claim 1, wherein the dibbling density is 1 or 2 grains per hill.
7. The method for planting linear peppers in a delayed autumn manner according to claim 1, wherein the ph of the water in the pond is 6.5 to 7.
8. The method for planting linear peppers in a delayed autumn manner according to claim 1, wherein the transplanted seedling standard is as follows: not overgrowing and aging, the stem diameter of 0.3-0.35 cm, dark green and glossy leaf color, developed root system and no plant diseases and insect pests.
9. A drip irrigation system under a film of linear peppers is characterized by comprising a drip irrigation belt, a connecting pipe, a branch pipe and a main pipe; the drip irrigation tape is sleeved with a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is fixedly connected with the branch pipe; the branch pipe is fixedly connected with the main pipe and a water source; the main pipe is connected with a water source; the side, close to a water source, of the main pipe is sequentially provided with a gate valve I, a filter screen, a fertilization barrel, a gate valve II, a pressure gauge and a flow meter; drip holes are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation tape and face upwards; the height difference between the fertilizing barrel and the planting ground is at least 1 m; the drip irrigation pipe is arranged on the connecting pipe, and a mulching film is covered on the drip irrigation belt.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103385074A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-11-13 | 黄震 | Pepper autumn delay cultivation method |
| CN104186161A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 宁夏固农农牧业科技有限公司 | Method for drip irrigation vegetable planting below dry slope land membrane |
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| CN106982616A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽金培因科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of multi-resisting high-yield capsicum |
| AU2020100875A4 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-09 | Germplasm Resources Research Institute Of Ningxia Academy Of Agricultural And Forestry Science | Pepper Planting Method For Overcoming Continuous Cropping Obstacles in A Greenhouse |
| CN113229067A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-10 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of pod peppers |
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- 2022-11-07 CN CN202211383441.5A patent/CN115643989A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103385074A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-11-13 | 黄震 | Pepper autumn delay cultivation method |
| CN104186161A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 宁夏固农农牧业科技有限公司 | Method for drip irrigation vegetable planting below dry slope land membrane |
| CN106982616A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽金培因科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of multi-resisting high-yield capsicum |
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| AU2020100875A4 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-09 | Germplasm Resources Research Institute Of Ningxia Academy Of Agricultural And Forestry Science | Pepper Planting Method For Overcoming Continuous Cropping Obstacles in A Greenhouse |
| CN113229067A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-10 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of pod peppers |
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