CN112772332B - Seedling growing and planting method for codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao mode - Google Patents
Seedling growing and planting method for codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao mode Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling growing and planting method of codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The method comprises the following steps of 1) preparing a special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao, and using the special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao, wherein the special nutrient solution is prepared by 1) raising the seedlings of codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao: the method comprises the following steps of (1) matrix preparation, (2) seed treatment, (3) sowing, (4) water and fertilizer management, (5) temperature and humidity control and (6) illumination management, 2) transplanting, and 3) field management: the method comprises the steps of (1) final singling, (2) building a frame, and (3) picking buds and the like, and solves the problem that the yield and the quality of medicinal materials are unstable due to the fact that serious weeds are easy to occur in the direct seeding cultivation seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao, and the dry yield of the medicinal materials reaches over 200kg per mu.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a seedling growing and planting method of codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao.
Background
Radix codonopsitis is an important medicinal and edible medicinal material, and is a common Chinese traditional medicine, and is called as Xiao Ginseng. The radix Codonopsis is radix Codonopsis belonging to Codonopsis of Campanulaceae and Codonopsis in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of ChinaCodonopsis pilosula(Franch.) Nannf, codonopsis PilosulaeC. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Var. Modesta (Nannf.) L.T. Shen, chuan DanshenC.Dried root of tangshen oliv. The traditional Chinese medicine is a tonic essential medicine, has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao, qi and promoting fluid production, is mainly used for treating symptoms such as weakness of spleen and stomach, deficiency of lung-qi, tiredness and weakness, palpitation and shortness of breath, lung deficiency and the like, integrates multiple functions such as medicinal use, eating, drinking, health care and the like, is widely used as a raw material of clinical formulas, chinese patent medicines and nourishing health care products, and is also a foreign trade export material. Because the codonopsis pilosula has wide medicinal range and large dosage, it is praised as the first of the eight delicacies of the traditional Chinese medicine. In the 1 st of 2018, the release of 9 substances such as codonopsis pilosula as a letter about developing trial production solicitation opinions on the basis of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, namely codonopsis pilosula, means that the codonopsis pilosula is no longer only in the form of medicines and health-care products, and will appear in more food forms in the future, so that the codonopsis pilosula is bound to stimulate and drive the overall development of the codonopsis pilosula industry in related regions, and makes a greater contribution to the implementation of the strategy of healthy China 2030.
The Sichuan radix codonopsitis is one of the main basic sources of radix codonopsitis, and the production and sales volume of the radix codonopsitis occupies certain advantages in China; the Welsh Danshen root is a famous brand of the Sichuan radix codonopsis pilosulae, is the first geographical marking product of the radix codonopsis pilosulae in China, is reputable in the sea and outside, and is a traditional and famous Chinese medicinal material in China. The radix codonopsis pilosulae is high in polysaccharide content, natural and selenium-rich, and is a kind which is especially suitable for being eaten in domestic large brands of radix codonopsis pilosulae. According to investigations, currently, more than 70% thereof is used for export to korea, japan, etc.
Radix codonopsitis is mainly used for medicine in the past, and is widely eaten as a good food and supplement product in the southeast coastal areas and southeast Asia countries of China along with the development and application of health care functions in recent years, and the eating amount greatly exceeds the medicine dosage. In 11 months in 2019, the national health committee issued a notification on the development of a trial work on the management of 9 substances such as codonopsis pilosula, which are both food and traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to the tradition (national health food letter (2019) No. 311). At present, the annual demand of codonopsis pilosula in China is 4 million tons, and the annual export is about 6000 tons, and the industrial development of codonopsis pilosula serving as a policy for food and drug substance management is promoted. The radix codonopsis pilosulae of Banqiao is also grabbed at the development time, and the rapid development is obtained through the development of the radix codonopsis pilosulae rich in selenium and the staggered development of other radix codonopsis major producing areas in China. The codonopsis pilosula in the Banqiao field is generally planted in a direct seeding way in the open field and harvested in the third year, but the codonopsis pilosula in the Banqiao field has the problems of large seed consumption, large seedling density, poor ventilation, insufficient illumination, unfavorable growth and development, easy formation of seedling-stage weeds, great seedling-stage management difficulty, increased seedling-raising cost, poor stress resistance of grown plants and the like. The problems can be solved well by seedling transplantation, and some people try to carry out seedling transplantation on the field in the open in a production area, but the root shape of the radix codonopsis is changed, the growth period is prolonged, and the like. The protected field substrate cultivation has the advantages of easy control of weed damage and the like, and the root system of the seedling can not be damaged completely when the plug substrate seedling is transplanted. Therefore, the protected field plug substrate seedling culture can become a better choice for the innovative planting mode of the codonopsis pilosula.
Aiming at the problems of unstable yield and quality of codonopsis pilosula caused by serious weed damage in seedling stage of the traditional open field direct seeding cultivation of the codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao, the invention searches a new technology for efficiently planting the codonopsis pilosula in high quality by utilizing the low mountain seedling raising and high mountain transplanting planting idea based on the knowledge of the formation rule of quality formation factors and medicinal components of the codonopsis pilosula, so as to form an economic and efficient codonopsis pilosula production new mode in an assisting manner, and lays a foundation for the development of a codonopsis pilosula sustainable production demonstration base suitable for enterprise operation of a novel local agricultural operation subject.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a seedling raising and planting method of codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao, aiming at solving the problem that the yield and quality of medicinal materials are unstable due to the fact that serious weed damage is easy to occur in the seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula direct seeding cultivation, and providing a codonopsis pilosula low-mountain facility matrix seedling raising high-mountain transplanting and planting method;
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of codonopsis pilosula of Banqiao is prepared from the following major elements in percentage by weight: 1.428-5.355mmol.L -1 N、0.098-0.368mmol•L -1 P 2 O 5 、0.54-2.01mmol•L -1 Potassium K 2 O, the trace elements comprise: 0.65mmol.L -1 MgSO 4 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 H 3 BO 3 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 MnSO 4 ，1.0x10 -4 mmol•L -1 CuSO4，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 ZnSO4，5x10 -6 mmol•L -1 (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ，0.2mmol•L -1 EDTA-Fe；
A seedling growing and planting method of Codonopsis pilosula, which comprises the following steps:
1) Seedling culture:
(1) Preparing a substrate: preparing peat soil: vermiculite: perlite = (2-3): (2-3): (4-6) homogenizing and sterilizing the seeding matrix for later use;
preferably, the particle size of the peat soil is less than 2mm; the vermiculite is horticultural vermiculite, and has a particle size of 2-4mm; the perlite is horticultural expanded perlite with particle size of 2-4mm.
(2) Seed treatment: selecting healthy and plump codonopsis pilosula seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-50 ℃ before sowing, stirring until the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃, soaking for 5-20min, washing the seeds for 2-4 times by using clear water, accelerating germination at 5-20 ℃, rinsing once every 3-4h by using clear water, and sowing after 5-6d of seed exposure.
Preferably, before sowing, soaking seeds in warm water at 40-50 ℃, stirring until the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃, soaking for 5-20min, washing the seeds with clear water for 2-4 times, wrapping the seeds with wet gauze for moisturizing, placing the seeds at 15-25 ℃ for accelerating germination, rinsing the seeds with clear water once every 1-2 days, and sowing the seeds after the seeds are exposed to the white;
(3) Sowing: setting seedling holes from the middle ten days of 9 months to the upper ten days of 10 months, carrying out seedling culture, and sowing more than 10 seeds in each hole;
preferably, after sowing, 0.5-1.5cm of vermiculite is covered;
preferably, the plug tray for seedling culture is a rectangular plug tray with 128 holes and a hole at the bottom;
(4) And (3) water and fertilizer management: starting from the 1 st true leaf development of the seedling, keeping the substrate wet, not over-dry or over-wet, pouring 1/5-1/3 dosage of special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula hendersonii for 1 time every 7-15 days, and keeping the substrate humidity at 50-60%; pouring 1/3-1/2 dosage of special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of radix codonopsis pilosulae in a mode of 1/3-1/2 for about every 7-15 days after 4-6 true leaves grow out from the seedlings of radix codonopsis pilosulae; pouring liquid from 8-10 true leaves grown from Codonopsis pilosula seedlingThe method is characterized in that the seedling raising special nutrient solution for the codonopsis pilosula in the Banqiao is watered for 1/3-3/4 dose about every 7-15 days when the codonopsis pilosula in the Banqiao is wet and is not watered in rainy days, after the fertilizer is applied, the leaves of plants are sprayed with clear water once, and the residual fertilizer stains on the leaves are cleaned; during the period, the pH value is controlled to be 5.8-6.5, the EC value is controlled to be 0.8-1.2mS/cm -1 ；
Preferably, the dry-wet condition is a general term used in horticulture, meaning "immediately watering after the top substrate is seen to be dry";
has the advantages that: the codonopsis pilosula is a plant which is favored to be fertilized, has strict requirements on moisture conditions, and is applied by adopting water and fertilizer in an integrated manner; the principle of application is a few times;
(5) Temperature and humidity control: during the period from sowing to transplanting of the radix codonopsitis, the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃ every day, the relative humidity in a bed is controlled to be 70-90% within 30 days after sowing, and the relative humidity is controlled to be below 70% after 30 days;
(6) Illumination management: during seedling raising, covering with a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 50-75%;
preferably, when the seedlings have 6 to 8 main leaves, a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 50 percent is replaced;
has the advantages that: the codonopsis pilosula has the habit of being fond of yin and afraid of direct strong light, and the shading net covers and blocks extra light, so that the growth and development of the codonopsis pilosula in the seedling stage are facilitated;
2) Transplanting: when the height of the seedlings is more than 5cm, the plug seedlings are transported to a high mountain planting field for transplanting, and the transplanting is carried out according to the plant spacing of 5-10cm and the row spacing of 15-25 cm;
preferably, the transplanting depth is more than 5cm;
preferably, the mountain planting land selects a land block with the gradient less than or equal to 30 degrees, the soil layer thickness is more than 30cm, the altitude is 1400-2000m, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0;
preferably, deep turning is carried out for 25-30cm;
preferably, N + P is used 2 O 5 +K 2 Organic fertilizer with O content more than or equal to 4.5% is used as base fertilizer, and the dosage is 200-500kg 667m -2 ；
Preferably, N + P is used 2 O 5 +K 2 Organic fertilizer with O content more than or equal to 45 percent is used as base fertilizer, and the dosage is 50kg 667m -2 ；
Preferably, harrowing is carried out on a straight slope to form a furrow, the width of the furrow is 100-120cm, the width of the furrow is 20-30cm, the depth of the furrow is 10-20cm, and the operation and drainage are convenient;
3) Field management:
(1) And (3) final singling: after the transplanted seedling plants survive, timely final singling is carried out, and 1 seedling is left in each hole;
(2) Building a frame: when the height of the seedling is 20-40cm, erecting a vine support;
(3) Bud picking: in the flowering period, the growth of buds is inhibited in time;
preferably, the method for inhibiting the bud growth comprises the steps of artificially picking buds or spraying ethephon;
has the advantages that: by picking buds, the loss of nutrients to reproductive organs is reduced, and the growth of ginseng roots is facilitated;
(4) Other operations are carried out according to the local conventional management method of the producing area;
preferably, the main diseases of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings cultured by the greenhouse substrate are damping off, rust disease, root rot and the like; the insect pests mainly include aphids and the like. The principle of harmless control, mainly agricultural and physical control and auxiliary chemical control, is adhered to according to the plant protection policy of prevention and comprehensive control. The prevention and control of the pesticide are strictly executed according to the GB4285 pesticide safe use standard and the GB/T8321 pesticide reasonable use rule.
Preferably, the method also comprises the following steps:
harvesting in the 3 rd year after transplanting;
4) Fertilizer dressing: transplanting for topdressing for 3 times in the first year, and topdressing for 2 times in the second year;
preferably, in the first year, 10-20kg of urea is applied to each mu in 4-5 months in combination with weeding and additional application of spring fertilizer; applying 30-40kg 667m after applying urea 15d -2 Compound fertilizer; 100-300kg.667m is applied after the overground part is poured for 10-11 months -2 Commercial organic fertilizer;
preferably, in the second year, 10-20kg of urea is applied to each mu of land by combining weeding and additional application of spring fertilizer in 4-5 months; applying 30-40kg 667m after applying urea 15d -2 A compound fertilizer.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a seedling raising and planting method of codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation. Preparing a special nutrient solution for the seedling raising seeds of the codonopsis pilosula tangshen, and using the special nutrient solution for the seedling raising seeds of the codonopsis pilosula tangshen, wherein the method comprises the following steps of 1) seedling raising: the method comprises the following steps of (1) matrix preparation, (2) seed treatment, (3) sowing, (4) water and fertilizer management, (5) temperature and humidity control and (6) illumination management, 2) transplanting, and 3) field management: the method comprises the steps of (1) final singling, (2) building a frame and (3) picking buds, and ensures the key technical link of the seedling and transplanting process of the codonopsis pilosula in a slab bridge, and adopts measures such as low mountain greenhouse for carrying out codonopsis pilosula matrix plug seedling in advance, transplanting in spring and high mountain of the next year and the like, and the codonopsis pilosula is planted according to the method, the dry medicinal material per mu yield reaches more than 200kg, and the extracts, total ash content, water content, chemical identification and the like of the codonopsis pilosula medicinal material meet the requirements of pharmacopoeia of people's republic of China. The method effectively improves the cultivation efficiency of the codonopsis pilosula, reduces the use safety risk of herbicides and other pesticides, provides a feasible technical scheme for high-quality and high-efficiency planting of the codonopsis pilosula, and has good social and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of codonopsis pilosula of Banqiao: the major elements are proportioned as follows: 1.428mmol.L -1 N、0.098mmol•L -1 P 2 O 5 、0.54mmol•L -1 Potassium K 2 O, the trace elements comprise: 0.65mmol.L -1 MgSO 4 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 H 3 BO 3 ，1.0x10 - 3 mmol•L -1 MnSO 4 ，1.0x10 -4 mmol•L -1 CuSO4，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 ZnSO4，5x10 -6 mmol•L -1 (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ，0.2mmol•L -1 EDTA-Fe; the macroelement source prepared by the nutrient solution is high-quality chemical fertilizer sold in the market, and the trace elements adopt chemical pure reagents.
And 3, 18 days in 2010, selecting a proper land block for planting codonopsis pilosula in the Xin village of the Baqiao town of Enshi city for 2 mu, wherein 1.5 mu is seedling culture transplanting planting according to the technology of the invention (9 months in the first year), and the other 0.5 mu adopts traditional open field direct seeding planting as a contrast.
1. Seedling culture:
1.1, preparing a seedling raising greenhouse: in the area where the traditional production area of the codonopsis pilosula in the slab bridge is located and the altitude is lower than 600 meters, a seedling culture protection facility is constructed by site selection, the site selection and the construction of a seedling culture greenhouse are basically the same as those of a common greenhouse, a seedling culture bed frame is configured, the width of the greenhouse seedling bed is 1.0 meter, and a sidewalk is reserved between the bed frames. The greenhouse is provided with a perfect irrigation and drainage system and heating and cooling facilities.
1.2 matrix preparation: preparing a composite matrix by adopting commercially available substrates of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the grain size of the peat soil is less than 2mm, the vermiculite is gardening vermiculite and is 2-4mm, and the perlite is gardening expanded perlite and is 2-4mm; the matrix is prepared from the following materials: vermiculite: perlite =2:3:6, mixing the components in proportion, fully and uniformly mixing the components, and sterilizing the mixture for later use.
1.3 seed treatment: soaking selected annual radix Codonopsis seed with plump seed, brown color, luster, no weed seed, good storage, no worm damage and no mildew before sowing with warm water of 40 deg.C, adding the seed under stirring, stopping stirring when the temperature is the same as that of hand, and soaking for 5min; washing the seeds with clear water for 2 times, wrapping with wet gauze for moisturizing, placing at 15-25 deg.C for accelerating germination, rinsing with clear water every 1-2 days, and sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white.
1.4 sowing: seeding for 9 months and 16 days, building a seedling raising area on a bed in a shed, arranging a rectangular 128-hole American seedling raising plug tray with holes at the bottom, adjusting the water content of the uniformly stirred substrate to 55-60%, and tightly holding the substrate with hands, wherein the substrate has watermarks and does not form water drops; after stacking for 2h, loading the matrix into a tray, and scraping the cavity surface by using a scraper to ensure that each cavity is filled with the matrix and each cell can be clearly seen; selecting seeds which are subjected to germination accelerating treatment and have white exposure by adopting a dibbling mode, dibbling according to holes, wherein more than 10 seeds are sowed in each hole, then evenly covering vermiculite with the thickness of 0.5cm, flatly covering a layer of mulching film on the vermiculite, and then covering the mulching film by using a small arched shed. After emergence of seedlings, the film is uncovered and ventilated every day, and the moisture condition is observed.
1.5 water and fertilizer management: starting from the expansion of the 1 st true leaf of the seedling, keeping the substrate wet without over-drying or over-wetting, pouring 1/3 dosage of special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao 1 time about every 7 days, wherein the amount of the nutrient solution is preferably poured through the substrate without dripping, pouring a proper amount of clear water in the middle, and setting the humidity parameter of the substrate at 50%; 1/2 dosage of the special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula from 4-6 true leaves grown from the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula for about 1 time every 7 days; the principle of pouring liquid from 8-10 true leaves grown from the codonopsis pilosula seedling is that the codonopsis pilosula seedling is wet and dry, no water is poured in rainy days, and 3/4 dosage of nutrient solution special for cultivating the codonopsis pilosula seedling is poured 1 time every 7 days. After the fertilizer is applied in the greenhouse, the leaves of the plants are sprayed with clear water once, and the residual fertilizer stains on the leaves are cleaned. Watering once respectively in the morning and afternoon in the vigorous growth period; monitoring the pH value and EC value of the matrix by a portable conductivity tester and a pH tester at proper time; adjusting with proper alkali or acid, controlling pH value within 5.8, and controlling EC value within 0.8-1.2mS/cm -1 。
1.6 greenhouse temperature and humidity control
During the period from sowing to transplanting of the radix codonopsitis, the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃ every day, the relative humidity in a bed is controlled to be 70-90% within 30 days after sowing, and the relative humidity is controlled to be below 70% afterwards.
1.7 illumination management: after seedling emergence, the seedlings are covered with a sunshade net with 50-70% of sunshade rate in time, and when the seedlings have 6-8 true leaves, the sunshade rate is properly reduced.
1.8 pest control: the main diseases of the codonopsis pilosula for matrix seedling cultivation in the greenhouse are damping off, rust disease, root rot and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids and the like; the method is based on the plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive prevention' and adheres to the harmless control principle of 'agricultural and physical prevention is main and chemical prevention is auxiliary', and the medicament prevention and control are strictly executed according to the GB4285 pesticide safe use standard and GB/T8321 pesticide reasonable use rule.
2. Transplanting
Selecting land blocks with the gradient less than 30 degrees, wherein the thickness of a soil layer is more than 30cm, selecting sandy soil which is fertile and loose in soil, rich in humus and good in drainage, and has the elevation of 1400m, the pH value of 5.7, no land to be reclaimed, land preparation in spring and ploughing with the depth of 25cm; 200kg 667m was used -2 Commercial organic fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O. 4.5%) and 50kg 667m -2 Commercial compound fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O, performing 45.0%) harvesting as a base fertilizer; harrowing and making furrows with the width of 100cm, the width of the furrow of 20cm and the depth of 10cm, and facilitating operation and drainage.
When the height of the seedlings is more than 5cm, the plug seedlings are transported to a high mountain planting field from a low mountain seedling raising area to be transplanted, the transplanting is carried out according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 25cm, the transplanting is carried out by opening holes, the hole depth is more than 5cm, and 1 seedling is planted in each hole.
3. Field management
3.1 final singling: and (4) after the transplanted seedling plants survive, timely fixing the seedlings, and reserving 1 seedling in each hole.
3.2 erecting: when the seedling is 20cm high, the bamboo poles are used for building the bracket for climbing the stems and tendrils, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, and improves the photosynthetic efficiency and disease resistance.
3.3 bud picking: the flower buds are removed manually in time, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the ginseng roots is facilitated.
3.4 cultivation events were carried out according to the local conventional management methods of the areas of co-production, except where specifically indicated above.
3.5 fertilizer control: transplanting for topdressing 3 times in the first year, topdressing 2 times in the second year, and applying 10kg of urea to each mu in the first year in combination with weeding and topdressing for spring fertilizer in 4-5 months; applying 30kg 667m after applying urea for 15d -2 Compound fertilizer; 100kg 667m is applied after the overground part of 10-11 months is poured -2 Commercial organic fertilizer; in the second year, in 4-5 months, the spring fertilizer is applied in combination with weeding and top dressing, and 10kg of urea is applied to each mu; applying 30kg 667m after applying urea for 15d -2 A compound fertilizer.
4. Harvesting: harvesting in 2012 for 9/10 days, cutting overground tendrils with sickle after overground part turns yellow and dries up in autumn, maturing radix Codonopsis for one week in field, digging, inserting iron fork into soil with four teeth, digging soil, digging out radix Codonopsis with three teeth claw, shaking off soil, collecting, cutting, preventing root skin from being damaged and even cutting off ginseng roots so as to prevent juice from seeping outwards to loosen the ginseng roots, processing, wherein the average yield per mu is 246.1kg, and detection shows that the extract, total ash content, water content and chemical identification of the ginseng roots meet the requirements of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China in 2010 edition.
Comparative example 1
Planting in open field for 0.5 mu, setting seedling according to the row spacing of 25cm and the plant spacing of 5cm, setting the depth of each hole to be more than 5cm, 1 seedling in each hole, and simultaneously, well checking and filling the seedlings. Reference is made to the local routine management method of the producing area. The medicinal materials are harvested in 9 months and 10 days in 2012, the average yield per mu is 210.8kg after processing, and the extract, total ash content, moisture and chemical identification of the medicinal materials accord with the requirements of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China in 2010 edition after detection.
Example 2
The special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of codonopsis pilosula of Banqiao: the major elements are proportioned as follows: 5.355mmol.L -1 N、0.368mmol•L -1 P 2 O 5 、2.01mmol•L -1 Potassium K 2 O, the trace elements comprise: 0.65mmol.L -1 MgSO 4 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 H 3 BO 3 ，1.0x10 - 3 mmol•L -1 MnSO 4 ，1.0x10 -4 mmol•L -1 CuSO4，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 ZnSO4，5x10 -6 mmol•L -1 (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ，0.2mmol•L -1 EDTA-Fe; the macroelement source prepared by the nutrient solution is high-quality chemical fertilizer sold in the market, and the trace elements adopt chemical pure reagents.
In 16 days 3 month 2012, dangshen is planted for 2 mu in the board bridge town new countryside of Enshi city, wherein 1.5 mu is the seedling transplanting planting according to the technology of the invention (10 months seedling in the first year), and 0.5 mu is a newly selected plot, and the traditional open field planting is adopted as the contrast.
1. Seedling culture:
1.1, preparing a seedling raising greenhouse: in the area where the tradition production area of the codonopsis pilosula in the slab bridge is located, the seedling protection facility is built by site selection, the site selection and the building of the seedling greenhouse are basically the same as those of a common greenhouse, a seedling bed frame is configured, the width of the greenhouse seedling bed is 1.0 meter, and a sidewalk is reserved between the bed frames. The greenhouse is provided with a perfect irrigation and drainage system and heating and cooling facilities.
1.2 matrix preparation: preparing a composite matrix by adopting commercially available substrates of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the grain diameter of the peat soil is less than 2mm, the vermiculite is horticultural vermiculite and has a grain diameter of 2-4mm, and the perlite is horticultural expanded perlite and has a grain diameter of 2-4mm; the matrix is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: vermiculite: perlite =3:2:6, mixing the components in proportion, fully and uniformly mixing the components, and sterilizing the mixture for later use.
1.3 seed treatment: soaking selected annual radix Codonopsis seed with plump seed, brown color, luster, no weed seed, good storage, no worm damage and no mildew before sowing in warm water of 50 deg.C, adding the seed under stirring, stopping stirring when the temperature is the same as that of hand, and soaking for 20min; washing the seeds with clear water for 4 times, wrapping with wet gauze for moisturizing, placing at 15-25 deg.C for accelerating germination, rinsing with clear water every 1-2 days, and sowing when the seeds are white.
1.4 sowing: sowing for 9 months and 12 days, building a seedling raising area on a bed in a shed, arranging a rectangular American seedling raising hole tray with holes at the bottom, adjusting the water content of the uniformly stirred matrix to 55-60%, and tightly holding the matrix with hands without forming water drops; after stacking for 3h, loading the substrate into a tray, and scraping the hole surfaces by using a scraper so that each hole is filled with the substrate and each cell can be clearly seen; selecting seeds which are subjected to germination accelerating treatment and have white exposure by adopting a dibbling mode, dibbling according to holes, wherein more than 10 seeds are sowed in each hole, then uniformly covering 1.5 cm-thick vermiculite, flatly covering a layer of mulching film, and then covering the mulching film by using a small arched shed. After emergence of seedlings, the film is uncovered and ventilated every day, and the moisture condition is observed.
1.5 water and fertilizer management: starting from the unfolding of the 1 st true leaf of the seedling, keeping the matrix wet without over-drying or over-wetting, watering 1/5 dosage of special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao 1 time about every 7 days, wherein the amount of the nutrient solution applied is proper for watering the matrix thoroughly without dripping, watering clear water in the middle properly, and the humidity parameter of the matrix is set at 60%; 4-6 pieces of radix Codonopsis seedling1/3 dosage of special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of radix codonopsis pilosulae praeparata is poured for 1 time about every 7 days after the true leaves are raised; the principle of the irrigation liquid is that the seedlings of codonopsis pilosula grow 8-10 true leaves, the seedlings are wet and dry, the watering is not carried out in rainy days, and the nutrient solution special for the seedlings of codonopsis pilosula of Banqiao with the dosage of 1/2 is watered for 1 time every 7 days. After the fertilizer is applied in the shed, plant leaves are sprayed with clear water once, and residual fertilizer stains on the leaves are cleaned. Watering once respectively in the morning and afternoon in the vigorous growth period; monitoring the pH value and EC value of the matrix by a portable conductivity tester and a pH tester in due time; adjusting with proper alkali or acid, controlling pH value within 6.5, and controlling EC value within 0.8-1.2mS/cm -1 。
1.6 greenhouse temperature and humidity control
During the period from sowing to harvesting of the radix codonopsis, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃ every day, the relative humidity in the bed is controlled to be 70-90% within 30 days after sowing, and the relative humidity is controlled to be below 70% afterwards.
1.7, illumination management: after seedling emergence, the seedlings are covered by a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 50-70%, and when the seedlings have 6-8 main leaves, the sunshade rate is properly reduced.
1.8 pest control: the main diseases of the codonopsis pilosula for matrix seedling cultivation in the greenhouse are damping off, rust disease, root rot and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids and the like; the method is based on the plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive prevention' and adheres to the harmless control principle of 'agricultural and physical prevention is main and chemical prevention is auxiliary', and the medicament prevention and control are strictly executed according to the GB4285 pesticide safe use standard and GB/T8321 pesticide reasonable use rule.
2. Transplanting
Selecting a land block with the gradient less than 30 degrees, wherein the thickness of a soil layer is more than 30cm, selecting sandy soil which is fertile and loose in soil, rich in humus and good in drainage, has the altitude of 2000m and the pH value of 7.1, is forbidden to be continuously cultivated, performing crop rotation for more than 5 years, planting wheat in the previous crop, performing soil preparation in autumn, and ploughing to the depth of 30cm; 500kg.667m was used -2 Commercial organic fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 4.5%) and 50kg.667m under reduced pressure in Town -2 Commercial compound fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O. 45.0%) as a base fertilizer; harrowing and making furrows with the width of 100-120cm, the width of 30cm and the depth of 20cm, and facilitating operation and drainage.
When the height of the seedlings is more than 5cm, the plug seedlings are transported to a high mountain planting field from a low mountain seedling raising area to be transplanted, the transplanting is carried out according to the planting distance of 8cm and the row distance of 20cm, the opening transplanting is carried out, the plug depth is more than 5cm, and 1 seedling is planted in each plug.
3. Field management
3.1 final singling: and (4) after the transplanted seedling plants survive, timely fixing the seedlings, and reserving 1 seedling in each hole.
3.2, building a frame: when the seedling is 40cm high, the bamboo poles are used for building the bracket for climbing the stems and tendrils, which is favorable for ventilation and light transmission, and improves the photosynthetic efficiency and disease resistance.
3.3 bud picking: the buds are removed manually in time, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the ginseng roots is facilitated.
3.4 cultivation events were carried out according to the local conventional management methods of the areas of co-production, except where specifically indicated above.
3.5 fertilizer control: transplanting for topdressing for 3 times in the first year, topdressing for 2 times in the second year, performing combined weeding and topdressing for spring fertilizer in 4-5 months in the first year, and applying 20kg of urea per mu; applying 40kg 667m after applying urea for 20 days -2 Compound fertilizer; applying 300kg 667m after seedling pouring on the overground part in 10-11 months -2 Commercial organic fertilizer; in the second year, in 4-5 months, combined weeding and additional application of spring fertilizer are carried out, and 20kg of urea is applied to each mu; applying urea 20 days later, applying 40kg 667m -2 A compound fertilizer.
4. Harvesting: harvesting in 2015 year for 9 and 2 days, cutting overground tendrils by using a sickle after overground parts of the overground tendrils become yellow and dry in autumn, maturing roots of codonopsis pilosula in the field for a week, digging up, directly inserting an iron fork into soil by using four teeth, digging plough layer soil loose, planing the codonopsis pilosula by using three-tooth claws, shaking out soil, processing, wherein the average yield per mu is 228.3kg, and detection shows that the extract, total ash, water and chemical identification of the codonopsis pilosula meets the requirements of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China in 2010 edition.
Comparative example 2
Planting in open field for 0.5 mu, setting seedling at 8cm plant spacing and 20cm row spacing, and making 1 seedling in each hole with hole depth of more than 5cm, and simultaneously making seedling check and supplementing. Reference is made to the local routine management method of the producing area. The medicinal materials are harvested 9 and 2 days in 2015 years, the average yield per mu is 206.5kg after processing, and the extract, total ash content, water content and chemical identification of the medicinal materials meet the requirements of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China in 2010 version after detection.
Example 3
The special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of codonopsis pilosula of Banqiao: the major elements are proportioned as follows: 3.392mmol.L -1 N、0.233mmol•L -1 P 2 O 5 、1.28mmol•L -1 Potassium K 2 O, the trace elements comprise: 0.65mmol.L -1 MgSO 4 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 H 3 BO 3 ，1.0x10 - 3 mmol•L -1 MnSO 4 ，1.0x10 -4 mmol•L -1 CuSO4，1.0x10 -3 mmol•L -1 ZnSO4，5x10 -6 mmol•L -1 (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ，0.2mmol•L -1 EDTA-Fe; the macroelement source prepared by the nutrient solution is high-quality chemical fertilizer sold in the market, and the trace elements adopt chemical pure reagents.
And 3 days in 2016, 2 acres of codonopsis pilosula are planted in Xintian villages in Yanshi city, namely the Banqiao townshen, wherein 1.5 acres are planted in seedling transplantation (10 months in advance in the first year) according to the technology of the invention, and 0.5 acre is newly selected land blocks, and the traditional open field planting is adopted as a control.
1. Seedling culture:
1.1, preparing a seedling raising greenhouse: in the area where the traditional production area of the codonopsis pilosula in the slab bridge is located and the altitude is lower than 600 meters, a seedling culture protection facility is constructed by site selection, the site selection and the construction of a seedling culture greenhouse are basically the same as those of a common greenhouse, a seedling culture bed frame is configured, the width of the greenhouse seedling bed is 1.0 meter, and a sidewalk is reserved between the bed frames. The greenhouse is provided with a perfect irrigation and drainage system and heating and cooling facilities.
1.2 matrix preparation: preparing a composite matrix by adopting commercially available substrates of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the grain diameter of the peat soil is less than 2mm, the vermiculite is horticultural vermiculite and has a grain diameter of 2-4mm, and the perlite is horticultural expanded perlite and has a grain diameter of 2-4mm; the matrix is prepared from the following materials: vermiculite: perlite =3:3:4, mixing the components in proportion, fully and uniformly mixing the components, and sterilizing the mixture for later use.
1.3 seed treatment: soaking selected annual radix Codonopsis seed with plump seed, brown color, luster, no weed seed, good storage, no worm damage and no mildew before sowing with 45 deg.C warm water, adding the seed while stirring, stopping stirring when the temperature is the same as that of hand, and soaking for 15min; washing the seeds with clear water for 3 times, wrapping with wet gauze for moisturizing, placing at 15-25 deg.C for accelerating germination, rinsing with clear water every 1-2 days, and sowing when the seeds are white.
1.4 sowing: sowing for 9 months and 18 days, building a seedling raising area on a bed in a shed, arranging a rectangular 128-hole American seedling raising plug tray with holes at the bottom, adjusting the water content of the uniformly stirred substrate to 55-60%, and tightly holding the substrate by hands, wherein the substrate has watermarks and does not form water drops; after stacking for 2.5h, loading the matrix into a tray, and scraping the cavity surface by using a scraper to ensure that each cavity is filled with the matrix and each cell can be clearly seen; selecting seeds which are subjected to germination accelerating treatment and have white exposure by adopting a dibbling mode, dibbling according to holes, wherein more than 10 seeds are planted in each hole, then uniformly covering 1.0 cm-thick vermiculite, flatly covering a layer of mulching film, and then raising a small arched shed to cover the mulching film. After emergence of seedlings, the film is uncovered and ventilated every day, and the moisture condition is observed.
1.5, water and fertilizer management: starting from the expansion of the 1 st true leaf of the seedling, keeping the substrate wet without over-drying or over-wetting, pouring 1/5 dosage of special nutrient solution for the codonopsis pilosula praeparata seedling seeds of the Banqiao 1/7 times every day, wherein the amount of the nutrient solution poured is proper for completely pouring the substrate without dripping water every time, pouring a proper amount of clear water in the middle, and keeping the humidity parameter of the substrate set at 55%; 1/3 dosage of the special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao is watered for 1 time about every 7 days from 4-6 true leaves grown from the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula; the principle of pouring the liquid is that the liquid is dry and wet, the watering is not needed in rainy days, and the nutrient solution special for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao is poured for 1/2 dosage about every 7 days after 8-10 true leaves grow out from the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula. After the fertilizer is applied in the shed, plant leaves are sprayed with clear water once, and residual fertilizer stains on the leaves are cleaned. Watering once respectively in the morning and afternoon in the vigorous growth period; monitoring the pH value and EC value of the matrix by a portable conductivity tester and a pH tester at proper time; adjusting with proper alkali or acid, controlling pH value within 6.0, and controlling EC value within 0.8-1.2mS/cm -1 。
1.6 greenhouse temperature and humidity control
During the period from sowing to harvesting of the radix codonopsis, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃ every day, the relative humidity in the bed is controlled to be 70-90% within 30 days after sowing, and the relative humidity is controlled to be below 70% afterwards.
1.7 illumination management: after seedling emergence, the seedlings are covered by a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 50-70%, and when the seedlings have 6-8 main leaves, the sunshade rate is properly reduced.
1.8 pest control: the main diseases of the codonopsis pilosula for matrix seedling cultivation in the greenhouse are damping off, rust disease, root rot and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids and the like; the method is implemented according to the plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive prevention', and the harmless control principle of 'agricultural and physical prevention are main and chemical prevention is auxiliary', and the chemical prevention and control are executed strictly according to the GB4285 pesticide safe use standard and GB/T8321 pesticide reasonable use rule.
2. Transplanting
Selecting a land block with the gradient less than 30 degrees, wherein the thickness of a soil layer is more than 30cm, selecting sandy soil which is fertile and loose in soil, rich in humus and good in drainage, the elevation is 1755m, the pH is 6.0, crop rotation is carried out for 3 years, planting gramineous crops in the previous crop, preparing soil in spring, and turning over till the depth is 28cm; 300kg 667m was used -2 Organic fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 E. 4.5%) and 50kg 667m -2 Commercial compound fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O. 45.0%) as a base fertilizer; harrowing the soil and making furrows with the furrow width of 110cm, the furrow width of 25cm and the depth of 15cm, and facilitating operation and drainage.
When the height of the seedlings is more than 5cm, the plug seedlings are transported to a high mountain planting field from a low mountain seedling raising area to be transplanted, the transplanting is carried out according to the planting distance of 10cm and the row distance of 15cm, the opening transplanting is carried out, the plug depth is more than 5cm, and 1 seedling is planted in each plug.
3. Field management
3.1 final singling: and (4) after the transplanted seedling plants survive, timely fixing the seedlings, and reserving 1 seedling in each hole.
3.2 erecting: when the height of the seedling is 30cm, a bamboo pole is used for building a bracket for climbing the stems and the vines, ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, and the photosynthetic efficiency and the disease resistance are improved.
3.3 bud picking: the buds are removed manually in time, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the ginseng roots is facilitated.
3.4 cultivation events were carried out according to the local conventional management methods of the areas of co-production, except where specified above.
3.5 fertilizer control: transplanting for topdressing for 3 times in the first year, topdressing for 2 times in the second year, performing combined weeding and topdressing for spring fertilizer in 4-5 months in the first year, and applying 15kg of urea per mu; applying urea 17d later, applying 35kg 667m -2 Compound fertilizer; applying 200kg 667m after seedling pouring on the overground part for 10-11 months -2 Commercial organic fertilizer; in the second year, in 4-5 months, the spring fertilizer is applied in combination with weeding and top dressing, and 15kg of urea is applied per mu; applying urea 18d later, applying 36kg 667m -2 A compound fertilizer.
4. Harvesting: harvesting in 2017, 8 month and 28 days, cutting off overground tendrils with sickle after overground part of the field turns yellow and withers in autumn, maturing radix Codonopsis root in field for a week, digging, inserting iron fork into soil with four teeth, digging soil of plough layer, and then, digging the codonopsis pilosula out by using a three-tooth claw, shaking out soil, processing, wherein the average yield per mu is 235.8kg, and through detection, the extract, the total ash content, the water content and the chemical identification of the codonopsis pilosula meet the requirements of the 2015 edition of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China.
Comparative example 3
Planting in open field for 0.5 mu, setting seedling according to the row spacing of 15cm and the plant spacing of 10cm, setting the depth of each hole to be more than 5cm, 1 seedling in each hole, and simultaneously, well checking and filling the seedlings. Reference is made to the local routine management method of the producing area. The Chinese herbal medicines are harvested in 2017 years in 8 and 28 days, the average yield per mu is 213.6kg after processing, and the detection of the medicinal materials shows that the extract, the total ash content, the water content and the chemical identification of the Chinese herbal medicines accord with the requirements of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China in 2015 edition.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. A seedling raising and planting method of Codonopsis pilosula, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Seedling culture:
(1) Preparing a matrix: preparing peat soil: vermiculite: perlite = (2-3): (2-3): (4-6) homogenizing and sterilizing the seeding matrix for later use;
(2) Seed treatment: selecting healthy and plump codonopsis pilosula seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-50 ℃ before sowing, stirring until the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃, soaking for 5-20min, washing the seeds for 2-4 times by using clear water, accelerating germination at 5-20 ℃, rinsing once every 3-4h by using clear water, and sowing after 5-6d of seed exposure;
(3) Sowing: setting seedling holes from the middle ten days of 9 months to the upper ten days of 10 months, culturing seedlings, and sowing more than 10 seeds in each hole;
(4) And (3) water and fertilizer management: starting from the 1 st true leaf development of the seedling, keeping the substrate wet, not over-dry or over-wet, pouring 1/5-1/3 dosage of special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula hendersonii for 1 time every 7-15 days, and keeping the substrate humidity at 50-60%; pouring 1/3-1/2 dosage of special nutrient solution for raising seedlings of radix codonopsis pilosulae in a mode of 1/3-1/2 for about every 7-15 days after 4-6 true leaves grow out from the seedlings of radix codonopsis pilosulae; 8-10 true leaves grow from the codonopsis pilosula seedling, the principle of the watering is that the seedlings are dry and wet, the seedlings are not watered in rainy days, 1/3-3/4 dosage of the nutrient solution special for raising the codonopsis pilosula seedling of the Banqiao is watered for 1 time about every 7-15 days, after the fertilizer is applied, the plant leaves are sprayed with clear water once, and the residual fertilizer stains on the leaves are cleaned; during the process, the pH value is controlled to be 5.8-6.5, the EC value is controlled to be 0.8-1.2mS.cm -1 ；
(5) Temperature and humidity control: during the period from sowing to transplanting of the codonopsis pilosula, the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled to be 10-30 ℃ every day, the relative humidity in a bed is controlled to be 70-90% within 30 days after sowing, and the relative humidity is controlled to be below 70% after 30 days;
(6) Illumination management: during seedling raising, covering with a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 50-75%;
2) Transplanting: when the height of the seedlings is more than 5cm, the plug seedlings are transported to a high mountain planting field for transplanting, and transplanting is carried out according to the plant spacing of 5-10cm and the row spacing of 15-25 cm;
3) Field management:
(1) And (3) final singling: after the transplanted seedling plants survive, fixing the seedlings in time, and reserving 1 seedling in each hole;
(2) Building a frame: when the seedlings are 20-40cm high, erecting a vine support;
(3) Bud picking: in the flowering period, the growth of buds is inhibited in time;
(4) Other operations are carried out according to the local conventional management method of the producing area;
in the seedling raising step (1), the grain size of peat soil is less than 2mm, the grain size of vermiculite is 2-4mm, and the grain size of perlite is 2-4mm;
in the seedling raising step (2), moisturizing the seeds with wet gauze for accelerating germination;
in the seedling raising step (3), after sowing, 0.5-1.5cm of vermiculite is covered;
in the transplanting step, the transplanting depth is more than 5cm;
in the field management step (3), the method for inhibiting the bud growth comprises the steps of manually picking buds or spraying ethephon;
the special nutrient solution for raising the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula of Banqiao comprises the following major elements in proportion: 1.428-5.355mmol.L -1 N、0.098-0.368mmol·L -1 P 2 O 5 、0.54-2.01mmol·L -1 Potassium K 2 O, the trace elements comprise: 0.65mmol. L -1 MgSO 4 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol·L -1 H 3 BO 3 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol·L -1 MnSO 4 ，1.0x10 -4 mmol·L -1 CuSO 4 ，1.0x10 -3 mmol·L -1 ZnSO 4 ，5x10 -6 mmol·L -1 (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ，0.2mmol·L -1 EDTA-Fe。
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| CN102627495A (en) * | 2012-03-25 | 2012-08-08 | 云南远益园林工程有限公司 | Floating seedling nutrient solution for Chinese herbal medicine plant |
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