CN103858724B - The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock - Google Patents
The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut of the present invention nursery stock, belongs to planting technical field.The whole link of the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock of the present invention comprises wholely, chooses seeds and processes, sow management, seedling manages, grafting is front and connect rear management and Second Year manages six aspects.Propagation method of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) avoids May first arrival mid-June during this period of time, the problem that grafting work, the operating personnel such as work that budder are in short supply; (2) avoid the peak period of grafting, the price of grafting work and scion all can reduce, and reduces the input of grafting cost; (3) grafting mouth growth time is long; Increase the probability of Juglans; Every mu of seedlings 3500-4000 that can produce 80 centimeters, more than grafting mouth, adds nursery family income; (4) grow after can ensureing grafting substantial, well developed root system, improves the current increment after planting survival rate and field planting, can enter the full bearing period in advance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technical field, be specifically related to the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock.
Background technology
Walnut is one of large dry fruit in the world four, and the most successful ecological economy dual-purpose seeds of Ye Shi China conceding the land to forestry, have good ecology, economic and social benefit; Walnut Fruit oil content is up to more than 60%, and walnut oil has very high value medical health care, is the high-quality edible oil that can match in excellence or beauty with olive oil in the world; And walnut strong adaptability, the deserted mountain barren hill that normally can not carry out grain and oil crop production all can well grow; So the favor of extremely planting fruit trees person in recent years.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the propagation method disclosing a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
1, a propagation method for high-quality walnut nursery stock, comprises the steps:
(1), wholely: select to have a good transport service, subterranean water level is high, draining is good, have irrigation conditions, loam that soil layer is deep, periphery do not have the soil in large-scale adult nucleus peach garden as planting land used; Carry out whole the autumn of upper 1 year, every mu of organic fertilizer 5000 jin, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly behind surface, waters once permeable, and after airing 5-7 days, with plough of turning over, unified to plough a Second Year for subsequent use;
(2), seed selection and process: select walnut number per jin be the large walnut of 40-50 as seed, plant benevolence and secundine entirely for white, plant benevolence and enrich full, plant skin depth; Will carry out Steeping and budding process to seed before sowing, while immersion walnut, nursery is watered once permeable;
(3), sowing management: first will turn over once to nursery before sowing; The spacing in the rows of sowing is 15 centimeters, and line-spacing is that the seeding method that 30 centimeters and 50 centimeters of wide-and narrow-rows replace mutually is sowed; The width of furrow is 1-1.5 rice; First open the ditch of 15 centimeters before sowing, deep-tilling shallow, the mode of placing walnut is that fruit pushes up towards south orientation ground, and upward, the degree of depth is 8-10 centimetre to suture, thickness of earth covering 5-7 centimetre; Broadcast rear covering film; Broadcasting rear 25-40 days, when there being the walnut of 60%-70% to reveal soil germination, taking off film; Until soil moisture content lower than 15% time, again moisturizing once, after watering can lower ground time shallow rake in the ranks;
(4), seedling management: once prune when young plant grows to 15 centimeters, wipe out branch, every first quarter moon sprays the amino acid of 400 times once afterwards, and a month spray insecticide once, is continued until by the end of July; 5, the agricultural streptomycin of 600 times is respectively sprayed June once;
(5), before grafting and managing after grafting: carry out grafting in August according to square frame-shaped bud grafting method, cut off to the Walnut in 45 centimeters, ground before grafting, the tender shoots that scion selects fresh growth full, stock stays dewatering outlet, the bud sheet of sprout is got greatly as far as possible, do not pinch after connecing, only do pinching process; Water after fallen leaves and freeze water once; To carry out after entering winter polyvinyl alcohol smear nursery stock trunk and bud cold-proof; Lay in high-quality scion grafting scion, for the scion grafting of Second Year simultaneously.
(6), Second Year management: spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer chicken manure 3000-5000 jin early spring on every mu, ground, whole Growing season no longer to fertilize; Budder sprout before check survival rate, do not survive can with scion grafting mend connect; Spring budder sprout after apart from more than sprout about 10 centimeters stumps, put sprout and drain; Secondary stump when growing to 10 centimeters Deng nursery stock, in time except sprouting, watering; The extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out according to the step in step (4).
The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock described in technique scheme, wherein, in step (2), seed was ready in the winter of the previous year; Described Steeping and budding treatment step is:
(a), carry out in clean flowing water.With the sack dress walnut of good water permeability, about 2/3 of every packed cumulative volume, tightens sack; Whole sack is made all to be immersed in below the water surface; Or,
(b), in a reservoir Steeping and budding process is carried out to seed, change water every day once, pull out and can sow after steeping 7 days 7 nights.
The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock described in technique scheme, wherein, in step (3), the seeding quantity of every mu is 200 jin; Sowing time is early April.
The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock described in technique scheme, wherein, the insecticide in step (4) be can with amino-acid mixed subacidity insecticide or neutral pesticides, insecticide in use rotation use.
The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock described in technique scheme, wherein, ensured sufficient moisture supply in step (4), the harm of controlling weeds before rainy season arrives; Drain flooded fields in time when rainy season.
The propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock described in technique scheme, wherein, step is drained flooded fields in time when rainfall is large in (5).
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, adopt propagation method of the present invention, avoid May first arrival mid-June during this period of time, the problem that grafting work, the operating personnel such as work that budder are in short supply;
2, adopt propagation method of the present invention, avoid the peak period of grafting, the price of grafting work and scion all can reduce, and on average every input can reduce 0.4-0.5 unit, reduces the input of grafting cost;
3, adopt propagation method of the present invention, grafting mouth growth time is long; General seedling nursery is all adopt summer budding, and vegetative period of buddering is the longest four months, but after adopting this kind of grafting method, the growth time of buddering can extend to more than 6 months, and (northern area) increases the probability of Juglans; Every mu of seedlings 3500-4000 that can produce 80 centimeters, more than grafting mouth, adds nursery family income;
4, propagation method of the present invention is adopted, growth time of buddering after grafting long (extending to more than 6 months), grows after can ensureing grafting substantial, well developed root system, improve the current increment after planting survival rate and field planting, the full bearing period can be entered in advance.
5, in propagation method of the present invention, insecticide rotation is suitable for, and has enhancing drug effect, reduces the advantage of spray medicine number of times.
Embodiment:
Being convenient to for making technical scheme of the present invention understand, being further described below in conjunction with the propagation method of specific embodiment to a kind of high-quality walnut of the present invention nursery stock.
embodiment 1:
The whole link of the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock of the present invention comprises wholely, chooses seeds and processes, sow management, seedling management, before grafting and connect rear management, Second Year manages six aspects.
1, wholely: select to have a good transport service, subterranean water level is high, draining is good, have irrigation conditions, loam that soil layer is deep, periphery do not have the soil in large-scale adult nucleus peach garden as planting land used; Carry out whole the autumn of upper 1 year, every mu of organic fertilizer 5000 jin, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly behind surface, waters once permeable, and after airing 5-7 days (standard is soil loosening after ploughing, and does not have large clod), with plough of turning over, unified to plough a Second Year for subsequent use;
2, seed selection and process: select walnut number per jin be the large walnut of 40-50 as seed, plant benevolence and secundine entirely for white, plant benevolence and enrich full, plant skin depth; Seed is preferably ready in the winter of the previous year, in northern nursery must be careful, avoid choosing southern walnut and do seed;
To carry out carrying out Steeping and budding process according to the method for following (a) or (b) to seed before sowing:
(a), carry out in clean flowing water.With the sack dress walnut of good water permeability, about 2/3 of every packed cumulative volume, tightens sack; Whole sack is made all to be immersed in below the water surface; Or,
(b), in a reservoir Steeping and budding process is carried out to seed, change water every day once, pull out and can sow after steeping 7 days 7 nights.
While immersion walnut, nursery is watered once permeable;
3, sowing management: the seeding quantity of every mu is 200 jin; Sowing time, can not be too early preferably in early April sowing, and too early ground temperature is too low, affects emergence rate.First to turn over once to nursery before sowing.The seeding row spacing of sowing is 15* (30 or 50) centimetre, and namely spacing in the rows is 15 centimeters, and line-spacing is that the seeding method that the wide-and narrow-row of 30 centimeters and 50 centimeters replaces mutually is sowed, convenient later grafting.The width of furrow is between 1-1.5 rice.First open the ditch of about 15 centimeters before sowing, deep-tilling shallow, to place the mode of walnut be fruit top towards south orientation, suture upward, the degree of depth at about 10 centimeters, thickness of earth covering 5-7 centimetre.To make the best use of time after broadcasting covering film.25-40 days after broadcasting, when there being the walnut of 60%-70% to reveal soil germination, takes off film; Until soil moisture content lower than 15% time, again moisturizing once, after watering can lower ground time shallow rake in the ranks, can avoid like this hurting the young shoot just germinateed;
4, seedling management: will once prune when waiting young plant to grow to 15 centimeters, wipe out branch, every first quarter moon sprays " the great stamen " of 400 times board amino acid once afterwards, a month spray insecticide once, insecticide be can with amino-acid mixed subacidity insecticide or neutral pesticides, insecticide answers rotation to be used alternatingly in use, is continued until by the end of July.5, the agricultural streptomycin of 600 times is respectively sprayed June once, the generation of prevention black spot.Sufficient moisture supply to be ensured, the harm of controlling weeds before rainy season arrives; Rainy season drains flooded fields in time;
5, before grafting and connect rear management: grafting time is selected to carry out in August.Grafting method selecting party shaped as frame bud grafting method.To cut off before grafting to the Walnut in 45 centimeters, ground.The tender shoots that scion selects fresh growth full.Because the soil moisture content in this season is comparatively large, so stock should stay dewatering outlet, the bud sheet of sprout is got greatly as far as possible.Be conducive to surviving, general survival rate can reach more than 80%.Do not pinch after connecing, only do pinching process.Water drainage must be noted when meeting large rainfall.Water after fallen leaves and freeze water once.To carry out after entering winter polyvinyl alcohol smear nursery stock trunk and bud cold-proof.Lay in high-quality scion grafting scion, for the scion grafting of Second Year simultaneously.
6, Second Year management: early spring is at ground Mei Mu San organic fertilizer chicken manure 3000-5000 jin.Whole Growing season need not more to fertilize.Budder sprout before check survival rate, do not survive can with scion grafting mend connect.Budder sprout after apart from more than sprout about 10 centimeters stumps, secondary stump when waiting nursery stock to grow to 10 centimeters, in time except sprouting, watering.The extermination of disease and insect pest is with the method in " 4, seedling management ".
To meet the tendency this method nursery, on average every mu of income about 45000 yuan, and this method avoids the problem that scion price is high and grafting expenses of labour is expensive in walnut bud grafting busy season, decreases input.Ensure that the dry growth time of seedling after grafting is long, growth is enriched sturdy, and well developed root system, improves the current increment after planting survival rate and field planting, can enter the full bearing period in advance simultaneously.
embodiment 2:
Pingshan County victory Buddhist villager Wang Su is flat to start to cultivate walnut grafting seedling from 2008, after within 2011, being familiar with seedling growing process of the present invention by visit, in the 10 mu of nursery of oneself, within 2012, select wherein 1 mu to adopt method grafting of the present invention, other 9 mu still adopt traditional summer buddings in 2013.The situation of emerging of 2013 is:
Adopt the situation of emerging of grafting then in 2012:
One-level seedling: the above > of grafting mouth 80 centimeters, grafting mouth base footpath > 1.2 centimeters, emerges: 3814/mu
Secondary seedling: the above 60-80 centimetre of grafting mouth, grafting mouth base footpath > 1 centimeter, emergence rate: 1859/mu
Three grades of seedlings: the above 30-60 centimetre of grafting mouth, grafting mouth base footpath > 0.8 centimeter, emergence rate: 396/mu
Contrast growth of cereal crop seedlings condition:
One-level seedling: the above > of grafting mouth 80 centimeters, grafting mouth base footpath > 1.2 centimeters, emergence rate: 2213/mu
Secondary seedling: the above 60-80 centimetre of grafting mouth, grafting mouth base footpath > 1 centimeter, emergence rate: 1562/mu
Three grades of seedlings: the above 30-60 centimetre of grafting mouth, grafting mouth base footpath > 0.8 centimeter, emergence rate: 595/mu
One-level seedling commercial value is 10 yuan/, and secondary seedling commercial value is 8 yuan/, and three grades of seedlings are 5 yuan/.
Adopt the income of grafting then in 2012: 52192 yuan
Contrast: 37601 yuan.
Difference: 14591 yuan.
embodiment 3:
Spring in 2012, under Pingshan County, 980 (one-level seedling) walnuts newly planted by the burnt book hall of valley villager on the deserted mountain oneself contracted, wherein 450 what buy is adopt the method for the invention seedling of educating, 530 what plant is traditional nursery, adopts unified way to manage.
On June 15th, 2012, Stochastic choice 50 investigation survival rates wherein.
This patent survival rate of seedling is: 97.2%;
Contrast: 91.56%.
Investigate into branch amount (length more than 60 centimeters) and annotinous branch amount of growth on October 14th, 2013.
This patent: Cheng Zhiliang 3.46/, annotinous branch amount of growth 1.46 meters/.
Contrast: Cheng Zhiliang 2.87/, annotinous branch amount of growth 1.08 meters/.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any formal and substantial restriction is done to the present invention, all those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, when utilizing disclosed above content, and a little change made, modify with differentiation equivalent variations, be Equivalent embodiments of the present invention; Meanwhile, all according to substantial technological of the present invention to the change of any equivalent variations that above embodiment is done, modify and differentiation, all still belong in the scope of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a propagation method for high-quality walnut nursery stock, comprises the steps:
(1), wholely: select to have a good transport service, subterranean water level is high, draining is good, have irrigation conditions, loam that soil layer is deep, periphery do not have the soil in large-scale adult nucleus peach garden as planting land used; Carry out whole the autumn of upper 1 year, every mu of organic fertilizer 5000 jin, spreads fertilizer over the fields uniformly behind surface, waters once permeable, and after airing 5-7 days, with plough of turning over, unified to plough a Second Year for subsequent use;
(2), seed selection and process: select walnut number per jin be the large walnut of 40-50 as seed, plant benevolence and secundine entirely for white, plant benevolence and enrich full, plant skin depth; Will carry out Steeping and budding process to seed before sowing, while immersion walnut, nursery is watered once permeable;
(3), sowing management: first will turn over once to nursery before sowing; The spacing in the rows of sowing is 15 centimeters, and line-spacing is that the seeding method that the wide-and narrow-row of 30 centimeters and 50 centimeters replaces mutually is sowed; The width of furrow is 1-1.5 rice; First open the ditch of 15 centimeters before sowing, deep-tilling shallow, the mode of placing walnut is that fruit pushes up towards south orientation ground, and upward, the degree of depth is 8-10 centimetre to suture, thickness of earth covering 5-7 centimetre; Broadcast rear covering film; Broadcasting rear 25-40 days, when there being the walnut of 60%-70% to reveal soil germination, taking off film; Until soil moisture content lower than 15% time, again moisturizing once, after watering can lower ground time shallow hoe in the ranks;
(4), seedling management: once prune when young plant grows to 15 centimeters, wipe out branch, every first quarter moon sprays the amino acid of 400 times once afterwards, and a month spray insecticide once, is continued until by the end of July; 5, the agricultural streptomycin of 600 times is respectively sprayed June once;
(5), before grafting and managing after grafting: carry out grafting in August according to square frame-shaped bud grafting method, cut off to the Walnut in 45 centimeters, ground before grafting, the tender shoots that scion selects fresh growth full, stock stays dewatering outlet, the bud sheet of sprout is got greatly as far as possible, do not pinch after connecing, only do pinching process; Water after fallen leaves and freeze water once; To carry out after entering winter polyvinyl alcohol smear nursery stock trunk and bud cold-proof; Lay in high-quality scion grafting scion, for the scion grafting of Second Year simultaneously;
(6), Second Year management: spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer chicken manure 3000-5000 jin early spring on every mu, ground, whole Growing season no longer to fertilize; Budder sprout before check survival rate, do not survive can with scion grafting mend connect; Spring budder sprout after apart from more than sprout about 10 centimeters stumps, put sprout and drain; Secondary stump when growing to 10 centimeters Deng nursery stock, in time except sprouting, watering; The extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out according to the step in step (4).
2. the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), seed was ready in the winter of the previous year; Described Steeping and budding treatment step is:
(a), carry out in clean flowing water, with the sack of good water permeability dress walnut, about 2/3 of every packed cumulative volume, tightens sack; Whole sack is made all to be immersed in below the water surface; Or,
(b), in a reservoir Steeping and budding process is carried out to seed, change water every day once, pull out and can sow after steeping 7 days 7 nights.
3. the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), the seeding quantity of every mu is 200 jin; Sowing time is early April.
4. the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the insecticide in step (4) be can with amino-acid mixed subacidity insecticide or neutral pesticides, insecticide in use rotation use.
5. the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that, ensures sufficient moisture supply, the harm of controlling weeds in step (4) before rainy season arrives; Drain flooded fields in time when rainy season.
6. the propagation method of a kind of high-quality walnut nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step is drained flooded fields in time when rainfall is large in (5).
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| CN106358918A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-01 | 青川县林业和园林局 | Variety breeding method for high-quality walnut |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100873869B1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-12-16 | 대한민국 | Variant Chestnut Grown by Grafting |
| CN103039254B (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
| CN103518543B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-03-11 | 河南恒盈懿丰农牧有限公司 | Rapid breeding method for walnut improved varieties |
| CN103636449B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-04-08 | 四川农业大学 | Efficient walnut seedling breeding system |
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| CN106358918A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-01 | 青川县林业和园林局 | Variety breeding method for high-quality walnut |
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