CN112602397A - Soil biological disinfection method for vegetable greenhouse in continuous cropping facility - Google Patents
Soil biological disinfection method for vegetable greenhouse in continuous cropping facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN112602397A CN112602397A CN202011478399.6A CN202011478399A CN112602397A CN 112602397 A CN112602397 A CN 112602397A CN 202011478399 A CN202011478399 A CN 202011478399A CN 112602397 A CN112602397 A CN 112602397A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/04—Fertilisers containing potassium from minerals or volcanic rocks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/002—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from fish or from fish-wastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention provides a soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse of continuous cropping facilities, which comprises the following steps: a) uniformly spreading medium-ripened compost, mineral fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes on the surface of the soil to be treated, and then sequentially carrying out rotary tillage, irrigation, ridging and film mulching to form a water-fertilizer-air-heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment of the soil; b) performing soil biological disinfection treatment under the soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment formed in the step a) until the soil biological disinfection target is reached. According to the invention, a material combination for specific soil biological disinfection is selected, a film covering mode is adopted to realize a soil closed environment space, the accumulated temperature of soil is promoted to be accumulated rapidly, the water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic regulation and control of soil are formed, and the purpose of killing soil pathogenic bacteria and pests is realized; the soil biological disinfection method provided by the invention can kill pathogenic germs and underground pests caused by continuous cropping, can mature soil, increase the content of organic matters, improve the soil structure, is easy to operate and has obvious effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil disinfection, in particular to a soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse of a continuous cropping facility.
Background
The greenhouse vegetables are crops with shallow roots, the yield is high, the multiple cropping index is high, soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematodes and underground pests are serious due to compact stubble connection and continuous planting, in addition, due to the fact that greenhouse film covering is adopted, toxic and harmful substances are difficult to be leached by rainwater, soil deterioration and plant diseases and insect pests are serious, physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed, soil acid-base imbalance is caused, normal growth and development of the vegetables are seriously influenced, and the yield and quality of the vegetables are limited.
At present, the existing soil disinfection method mostly adopts chemical disinfection as a main method, such as: chloride withers, cotton holes and the like, and the destructiveness to a soil ecosystem is great; the lime nitrogen high-temperature greenhouse stewing method is also a common soil disinfection method, liquid cyanamide and gas cyanamide generated by decomposing lime nitrogen at high temperature are utilized to achieve the effects of sterilizing and killing pests, however, lime nitrogen has toxicity, toxic substances can be generated in the decomposition process, ecological environment regulation of greenhouse soil is not facilitated, and lime nitrogen is an alkaline material and is not suitable for popularization and use in acid soil. In recent years, a plurality of microbial agent products and methods for biological disinfection appear on the market, and most of the microbial agent products have the symptoms and root causes, obvious effects in a short time, serious diseases in the middle and later growth periods of plants and influence on food safety.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse in a continuous cropping facility, which can kill pathogenic germs and soil insects caused by continuous cropping, can mature soil, increase organic matter content, improve soil structure, is easy to operate, and has a significant effect.
The invention provides a soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse of continuous cropping facilities, which comprises the following steps:
a) uniformly spreading medium-ripened compost, mineral fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes on the surface of the soil to be treated, and then sequentially carrying out rotary tillage, irrigation, ridging and film mulching to form a water-fertilizer-air-heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment of the soil;
b) performing soil biological disinfection treatment under the soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment formed in the step a) until the soil biological disinfection target is reached.
Preferably, the medium-ripened compost in the step a) is an organic source soil conditioner prepared by fast humification and fermentation of kitchen waste for 12-14 hours by adopting a microbial technology; the organic matter of the medium-ripened compost is more than or equal to 60 wt%, the organic matter easy to oxidize is more than or equal to 20 wt%, N is more than or equal to 0.5 wt%, the water content is less than or equal to 20 wt%, and the pH value is 5-8.
Preferably, the mineral fertilizer in the step a) is mineral powder processed by taking optimal mature parent rock as a raw material; the fineness of the mineral fertilizer is more than or equal to 200 meshes, K2O≥1％，CaO≥15％，SiO2Not less than 10% and pH 9-11.
Preferably, the amino acid fertilizer in the step a) is prepared by fermenting marine fish processing plant leftovers and/or soybean meal serving as raw materials by microorganisms; the variety of free amino acids of the amino acid fertilizer is more than or equal to 2, and the total amount of the free amino acids is more than or equal to 60 wt%.
Preferably, the effective viable count of the yeast in the step a) is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g; the effective viable count of the actinomycetes is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g; the mass ratio of the yeast to the actinomycetes is 1: (0.5 to 1.5).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the mineral fertilizer in the step a) is (10-15): 1; the use ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the amino acid fertilizer meets the following requirements that C/N (18-20): 1; the mass ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the yeast is (200-250): 1.
preferably, the irrigation amount in the step a) is 60-80% of the maximum field capacity of the soil.
Preferably, the film covering in the step a) is a black mulching film, and the periphery of the film covering is compacted by soil, so that air leakage is avoided, and a fully-closed under-film environment is formed.
Preferably, the determination criterion of reaching the soil organism disinfection target in step b) is as follows:
the accumulated soil temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃;
the method for measuring and calculating the accumulated temperature of the soil comprises the following steps:
the cumulative sum of the maximum temperature of the soil at 5-10 cm depth on the day during the treatment time.
Preferably, the step a) further comprises:
pretreating the vegetable greenhouse of the continuous cropping facility to form soil to be treated;
the pretreatment process specifically comprises the following steps:
and (4) thoroughly clearing the continuous cropping facility vegetable greenhouse, and then carrying out dry braising in the greenhouse.
The invention provides a soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse of continuous cropping facilities, which comprises the following steps: a) uniformly spreading medium-ripened compost, mineral fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes on the surface of the soil to be treated, and then sequentially carrying out rotary tillage, irrigation, ridging and film mulching to form a water-fertilizer-air-heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment of the soil; b) performing soil biological disinfection treatment under the soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment formed in the step a) until the soil biological disinfection target is reached. Compared with the prior art, the invention selects the material combination for specific soil biological disinfection, realizes the soil closed environment space by adopting a film covering mode, promotes the rapid accumulation of soil accumulated temperature, forms the dynamic regulation and control of soil water, fertilizer and gas heat, and realizes the purpose of killing soil pathogenic bacteria and pests; the soil biological disinfection method provided by the invention reasonably arranges the planting stubble, adopts the biological disinfection technology in the season of changing the stubble of the facility greenhouse in summer, can kill pathogenic germs and underground pests caused by continuous cropping, can mature the soil, increase the content of organic matters, improve the soil structure, is easy to operate, has obvious effect, and lays a good foundation for the growth of the next crop.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing control and treated 6 celery in an example of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph comparing treatment 5 and treatment 6 of celery in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse of continuous cropping facilities, which comprises the following steps:
a) uniformly spreading medium-ripened compost, mineral fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes on the surface of the soil to be treated, and then sequentially carrying out rotary tillage, irrigation, ridging and film mulching to form a water-fertilizer-air-heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment of the soil;
b) performing soil biological disinfection treatment under the soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment formed in the step a) until the soil biological disinfection target is reached.
The invention firstly uniformly spreads medium-mature compost, mineral fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, yeast and actinomycetes on the surface of the soil to be treated. In the present invention, the soil to be treated is preferably soil in a vegetable greenhouse of a continuous cropping facility; the present invention preferably further comprises:
and (4) pretreating the vegetable greenhouse of the continuous cropping facility to form soil to be treated. In the present invention, the pretreatment process preferably includes:
and (4) thoroughly clearing the continuous cropping facility vegetable greenhouse, and then carrying out dry braising in the greenhouse.
In the invention, the purpose of thoroughly cleaning the greenhouse is to remove the sources of residual pests and pollution in the greenhouse. In the present invention, the process of thoroughly clearing the shed preferably comprises:
the residual crops of the previous stubbles are thoroughly cleaned out of the greenhouse and/or all soil pollution sources such as mulching films and the like are cleaned out of the greenhouse.
The invention preferably carries out soil biological disinfection in the period of crop replacement in summer, and on the basis, the process of thoroughly cleaning the greenhouse is preferably completed in 7 months and 20 days.
In the invention, the purpose of dry-braising in the greenhouse is to disinfect the overground part, kill pathogen spores on the ground, and kill the eggs and nymphs of plant hoppers, aphids, tea yellow mites and thrips. In the invention, the preferable dry braising process in the greenhouse is as follows:
checking the air port and sealing the shed room; then the temperature in the greenhouse is raised to be above 60 ℃ by means of summer sunlight; the dry stewing time is based on the number of sunny days, and is preferably not less than 5 days; and opening the air port after the dry braising is finished.
In the invention, the medium-ripened compost is preferably an organic source soil conditioner prepared by quickly humifying and fermenting kitchen wastes for 12-14 h by adopting a microbial technology, and the preparation process is preferably as follows:
taking urban kitchen waste as a main raw material, taking grain processing byproducts as a carbon source adjusting material, performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation at 60-80 ℃ for 12-14 hours in a biochemical treatment machine, adding one ten thousand of microbial strains, and performing biodegradation and rapid humification conversion to obtain an organic source soil conditioner; among them, the biochemical processor is disclosed in patent CN 101632997B. In the invention, the microbial strains are selected as strains for producing alcohol firstly and strains for producing acetic acid secondly, and actinomycetes strains are mainly used for soil with prominent nematode problems. In the invention, the organic matter of the medium-boiled compost is preferably more than or equal to 60 wt%, more preferably more than or equal to 75 wt%; the content of the easily-oxidized organic matters (water-soluble organic matters) of the medium-cooked compost is preferably more than or equal to 20 percent, and more preferably more than or equal to 30 percent; the N of the medium-boiled compost is preferably not less than 0.5 wt%, more preferably not less than 1.5 wt%; the moisture content of the medium-boiled compost is preferably less than or equal to 20 wt%, and more preferably less than or equal to 12 wt%; the pH value of the medium-cooked compost is preferably 5-8, and more preferably 5.5-7.5. The invention preferably adopts medium-ripened compost which meets the requirements, is rich in water-soluble micromolecular carbon, can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, activates the soil micro-ecology and achieves the purposes of biological sterilization and soil loosening.
In the invention, the mineral fertilizer is mineral powder which is preferably processed by taking the best mature soil mother rock as a raw material; in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the nano/micro particle/support porous structure is subjected to physical activation treatment, has a nano/micro particle and support porous structure, has the fineness of preferably more than or equal to 200 meshes, and is rich in mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon and the like; k of the mineral fertilizer2O is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 4% or more; the CaO of the mineral fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 15 percent, and more preferably 25 percent; SiO of the mineral fertilizer2Preferably ≥ 10%, more preferably 20%; the pH value of the mineral fertilizer is preferably 9-11, and more preferably 9.5-10.5. The present invention preferably uses ores that meet the above requirementsThe fertilizer is used for comprehensively and uniformly supplementing the mineral nutrition of the soil, solving the problem of the secretion of root autotoxic substances caused by the unbalanced stress of nutrients caused by continuous cropping and regulating the soil microecology.
In the invention, the amino acid fertilizer is preferably prepared by fermenting marine fish processing plant leftovers and/or soybean meal serving as raw materials through microorganisms, and is more preferably prepared by fermenting marine fish processing plant leftovers serving as raw materials through microorganisms; wherein, the soybean meal can be replaced by other high protein. In the invention, the types of free amino acids in the amino acid fertilizer are preferably more than or equal to 2, and the total amount of free amino acids is preferably more than or equal to 60 wt%, and more preferably more than or equal to 70 wt%; the amino acid fertilizer is preferably alanine, glutamic acid and proline amino acid fertilizer.
In the invention, the effective viable count of the yeast is preferably more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g, more preferably more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, in the invention, the actinomycetes is preferably streptomyces microflavus; the effective viable count of the actinomycetes is preferably more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the yeast to the actinomycetes is preferably 1: (0.5 to 1.5), more preferably 1: 1.
the invention selects the material combination for sterilizing the specific soil organisms, and aims to construct a material foundation suitable for soil micro-ecological balance regulation. In the invention, the mass ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the mineral fertilizer is preferably (10-15): 1; the use ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the amino acid fertilizer preferably satisfies the following requirements that C/N (18-20): 1; the mass ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the yeast is preferably (200-250): 1.
then, the invention carries out rotary tillage, irrigation, ridging and film mulching in sequence to form a soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment. In the invention, the rotary tillage is preferably 10-20 cm. In the invention, the irrigation water amount is preferably 60-80% of the maximum field water capacity. The ridging is not particularly limited by the present invention, and technical solutions well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
In the invention, the purpose of the film covering is to create a water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment of the soil. In the invention, the covering film is preferably a black mulching film, which is beneficial to the absorption of solar heat; and the periphery is compacted by soil to avoid air leakage and form a fully-closed under-film environment.
After the soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation and control microenvironment is formed, soil biological disinfection treatment is carried out under the formed soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation and control microenvironment until the soil biological disinfection target is reached.
The invention adopts the composite strain of the yeast and the actinomycetes, rapidly promotes the propagation of the yeast through active small molecular organic carbon provided by medium-ripened compost, consumes a large amount of oxygen in soil, utilizes organic nitrogen provided by amino acid fertilizer to rapidly activate harmful mould, rapidly propagates the harmful mould and simultaneously consumes a large amount of soil oxygen, the harmful mould is dead firstly after the soil oxygen in the intramembranous environment is exhausted, the yeast can continuously survive after oxygen deficiency, anaerobic respiration is carried out to generate alcohol, CO is discharged2Thereby leading the soil to become loose and porous and improving the physical structure of the soil; meanwhile, soil moisture is formed in the closed environment in the membrane to expand in the day, water vapor condensed at night is dynamically balanced, small soil particles are bonded into large particles by the condensed water vapor, the formation of a soil granular structure is further promoted, the granular structure gaps are occupied by actinomycetes, substances for decomposing chitin are generated, pathogenic bacteria and nematodes are further killed, and continuous cropping obstacles are overcome.
In the present invention, the determination criterion for reaching the soil organism disinfection target is preferably:
the accumulated soil temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃. In the present invention, the method for measuring and calculating the cumulative soil temperature is preferably:
the cumulative sum of the maximum temperature of the soil at a depth of 5-10 cm on the day within the treatment days.
In the invention, the time point of the highest temperature of the soil is preferably 12: 30-13: 30; the treatment days are preferably 15 to 20 days.
The invention tracks and judges the soil biological disinfection treatment according to the judgment basis, and can sow or transplant vegetables after reaching the soil biological disinfection target.
The soil biological disinfection method for the continuous cropping facility vegetable greenhouse provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the soil disinfection target of biological bacteriostasis and deinsectization is realized through the balance regulation and control of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of soil, the method is safe, harmless, simple and feasible, and is beneficial to promoting the sustainable development and utilization of soil;
(2) the soil porosity can be increased by 2-3 times at one time to form soil aggregates and improve the physical structure of the soil;
(3) the medium-ripened organic fertilizer for rapid retting and rotting enriches the nutrient components needed by the crops in the soil and improves the yield and quality of the crops.
The invention provides a soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse of continuous cropping facilities, which comprises the following steps: a) uniformly spreading medium-ripened compost, mineral fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes on the surface of the soil to be treated, and then sequentially carrying out rotary tillage, irrigation, ridging and film mulching to form a water-fertilizer-air-heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment of the soil; b) performing soil biological disinfection treatment under the soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment formed in the step a) until the soil biological disinfection target is reached. Compared with the prior art, the invention selects the material combination for specific soil biological disinfection, realizes the soil closed environment space by adopting a film covering mode, promotes the rapid accumulation of soil accumulated temperature, forms the dynamic regulation and control of soil water, fertilizer and gas heat, and realizes the purpose of killing soil pathogenic bacteria and pests; the soil biological disinfection method provided by the invention reasonably arranges the planting stubble, adopts the biological disinfection technology in the season of changing the stubble of the facility greenhouse in summer, can kill pathogenic germs and underground pests caused by continuous cropping, can mature the soil, increase the content of organic matters, improve the soil structure, is easy to operate, has obvious effect, and lays a good foundation for the growth of the next crop.
To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided for illustration.
Examples
Celery soil biological disinfection treatment of Anhui Bengbu city continuous cropping facilities:
anhui province, Anhui, the city of Unionidae is the main cultivation area for producing small celery, and the Anhui province, Anhui province and Uninback are generally cultivated by direct seeding in large and small arched sheds, so that three crops can be harvested in one year, and the economic benefit is. But continuous cropping obstacles are very common in recent years, and the main symptoms are as follows: the method has the advantages that the seedlings emerge unevenly, yellowing and large-area damping begin to occur 2-5 cm after the seedlings emerge, the phenomenon of sheet withering appears at 10-15 cm, capillary roots are reduced, the growth is slow, the harvest period is delayed for more than one month, celery fibers are increased, the quality is poor, and the economic income of broad vegetable growers and the development of local vegetable industry are seriously influenced.
(1) Test site:
anhui Jinzhu agricultural company (Huai Shang district Meiqiao Xiang Hua pirn village).
(2) Test time:
15 days 7-8 months 25 days 2020. Wherein:
7, 15 months and 1 day in total, and performing greenhouse clearing treatment;
7 months, 16-22 days, totally 7 days, and dry-braising in a greenhouse;
7, 23 months, spreading the test material, irrigating and covering a film;
tracking and judging on days of 24-8 months and 25 days of 7 months;
sowing celery in 28 days in 8 months;
harvesting celery at 11 months and 15 days.
(3) Test materials:
intermediate-maturing composting: the kitchen waste is subjected to rapid humification fermentation for 12-14 hours by adopting a microbial technology to form an organic source soil conditioner; the technical indexes of the product are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 75% (the NY525-2012 organic matter detection method is not multiplied by a coefficient of 1.5), the easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 30%, N is more than or equal to 1.5%, water is less than or equal to 12%, and pH is as follows: 5.5-7.5;
amino acid fertilizer: the marine fish processing method is characterized in that various marine fish processing plant leftovers and cooking slurry water are used as raw materials, and the marine fish processing plant leftovers and the cooking slurry water are subjected to microbial fermentation and acid-base hydrolysis treatment and then are subjected to spray drying processing to obtain the marine fish processing fish feed; the product is nutrition lost in fish meal processing process, contains 18 kinds of free amino acids, total amount of amino acids is 72.1%, organic nitrogen content is 10%, and glutamic acid, proline and alanine are main components, and is similar to fish meal.
Mineral fertilizer: mineral fertilizer produced by cooking and activating potassium feldspar and quicklime has the fineness of more than or equal to 200 meshes; k2O≥4％，CaO≥25％，SiO2≥20％，pH：9.5-10.5。
Yeast: the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
Streptomyces microflavus: the effective viable count is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g.
(4) The test method comprises the following steps:
the experiment was set up with one blank, 6 treatments, 3 replicates per treatment, 65m replicates per replicate2The total area is about 2 mu, and the design is carried out according to random block arrangement, and the specific scheme design is shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 specific protocol design of the test methods in the examples of the invention
| Test materials | Blank space | Process 1 | Treatment 2 | Treatment 3 | Treatment 4 | Treatment 5 | Treatment 6 |
| Kitchen fermentation medium-mature compost | 0 | 200kg | 200kg | 200kg | 200kg | 200kg | 200kg |
| Mineral fertilizer | 0 | 0 | 18kg | 0 | 0 | 18kg | 18kg |
| Amino acid fertilizer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15kg | 0 | 15kg | 15kg |
| Yeast | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2kg | 0 | 0.2kg |
| Streptomyces microflavus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2kg | 0 | 0.2kg |
The test materials are uniformly spread on the soil surface, then rotary tillage is carried out for 10-20cm, watering is carried out until the water content of the soil is about 18-20% (the soil type is medium loam, the maximum field water holding capacity is about 24-26%), and then ridging, film covering and sealing are carried out.
(5) Tracking and recording soil accumulated temperature:
the duration is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein A isiThe highest temperature of soil at a depth of 5-10 cm on the day in the treatment time; see in particular the table below.
Table 2 soil accumulated temperature tracking and recording table in the embodiment of the present invention
After the temperature tracking record of each treated soil, the temperature of the soil of 6 treated soils is increased on the day of treatment compared with that of the control soil, wherein the temperature of the soil of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is rapidly increased to more than 50 ℃ on the first day, and the temperature of the soil of the control soil is only 35.6 ℃; according to the principle of soil organism disinfection accumulated temperature, when the effective accumulated temperature is accumulated to 900 ℃, the control needs 22 days, and the accumulated temperature time is obviously shortened by 6 treatments, wherein the accumulated temperature can reach the requirement of 900 ℃ accumulated temperature only by 15 days for 6 treatments.
(6) Effect and analysis:
analyzing the effect of soil improvement:
see table 3.
TABLE 3 soil improvement Effect data
The detection and comparison of key indexes of physical, chemical and biological properties of the treated soil can be known as follows: the volume weight of the blank control soil is maximum, the porosity is small, the soil is alkalized, the number of soil microorganisms is small, the activity is poor, the six treatments respectively reduce the volume weight of the soil to different degrees, increase the number of the soil porosity, improve the alkalization of the soil and improve the abundance of the soil microorganisms; among them, the soil improvement effect of the treatment 6 was the best, and the volume weight of the soil was reduced by 0.17g/cm compared with the control3The total porosity is improved by 12 percent, the capillary porosity is improved by 7.7 percent, and the non-capillary porosity is improved by 4.3 percent, which shows that the soil becomes more loose and porous, and the water-holding and air-permeable capacity is better; the total number of soil bacteria of the treatment 6 is increased to 107The cfu/g is increased by two orders of magnitude compared with the control, and is also increased by 1 order of magnitude compared with other 6 treatments, which shows that the soil microbial activity of the treatment 6 is stronger, and the soil microbial ecology is more active and healthy; treatment 6 also significantly reduced the pH of the soil, improving the soil alkalization problem, which is associated with improved physical structure and improved biological properties of the soil, resulting in improved buffering capacity of the soil for acids and bases.
Influence on growth vigor and yield of celery:
see table 4.
TABLE 4 celery growth and yield data
The influence of each treatment on the growth vigor and yield of celery is easily found through investigation and analysis, and the control and the treatment 1-5 are carried out on the celery emergence for 10 daysThe phenomena of dead seedlings, brown or black brown roots, few lateral roots and yellow and wilting leaves appear in the late process, wherein the dead seedlings of the control are the most serious, the dead seedling rate is up to 45 percent, the dead seedling phenomena of different degrees also appear in the treatment 1-5, the dead seedling rate in the treatment 1 is 25 percent, the treatment 2 is 20 percent, the treatment 3 and the treatment 5 are both 18 percent, and the treatment 4 is 16 percent; while treatment 6 had almost no problem of dead seedlings, the seedling stage was robust, and at the harvest stage, by measuring the yield of celery for each treatment, it was found that: the blank control group of celery plants are short and small, the leaf color is yellow, and the leaf diameter is 65m2The average yield of the plot is only 154kg, while the average plant height of the celery treated by the method 6 is up to 77cm, the average yield of the plot is 487kg, which is up to 4870kg in terms of yield per mu, is 3 times of the reference yield, the yield is increased by more than 35% compared with the treatment 1-5, and the yield is increased by about 20% compared with the local average yield per mu of 4000 kg; a comparison of control versus treatment 6 (right side of figure) celery is shown in figure 1 and a comparison of treatment 5 versus treatment 6 (right side of figure) celery is shown in figure 2.
(7) Reason analysis:
the soil treatment of the treatment 6 comprehensively considers the use of medium-mature compost, mineral fertilizers, amino acid fertilizers and various beneficial bacteria, applies the medium-mature compost, the amino acid fertilizers and the various beneficial bacteria into soil according to a scientific proportion, and carries out film covering and sealing treatment under the condition of proper soil water content; active small molecular organic carbon in medium-mature compost provides energy source for soil microorganisms, and yeast rapidly breeds and consumes soil O2The organic nitrogen in the amino acid fertilizer also activates harmful mould, and a large amount of O is consumed in the propagation of the harmful mould and the liquid2O in the soil environment to be sealed in the membrane2Harmful mould is killed firstly after the consumption, the yeast can continue to survive after the anoxia, alcohol is produced by anaerobic respiration, and CO is discharged2Thereby making the soil porous.
The closed environment in the film forms the law of water vapor dynamic change that soil moisture expands in the daytime and condenses at night, and under the premise that medium-ripeness compost quickly promotes soil organic matters and increases soil humus content, the medium-ripeness compost is bonded with small soil particles to form large particles, so that the formation of a soil granular structure is further promoted, granular structure gaps are occupied by actinomycetes, substances for decomposing chitin are generated, pathogenic bacteria and nematodes are further killed, and continuous cropping obstacles are overcome.
The soil organic matter is quickly improved and the soil humus is increased through the use of the medium-ripened compost, the specific nano-micron particles and the support porous structure of the mineral fertilizer produced by activating the optimal mature soil mother rock can effectively improve the soil granular structure and the soil colloid performance through the use of the mineral fertilizer, the soil cation exchange capacity can be effectively improved, the exchange amount of soil cations is larger, the buffering capacity of the soil is larger, the buffering and improving effect on soil alkali is better, and further the soil alkalinity is effectively improved.
Almost all mineral nutrient elements can be supplemented to the soil according to the natural ratio among the elements in the soil by using the multielement mineral powder produced by activating the optimal mature soil mother rock; by quickly improving the content of soil organic matters and the activity of microorganisms, the mineralization of the soil organic matters is enhanced, rich organic nutrients are released, the problem of unbalance of soil mineral nutrition caused by long-term absorption of one or more mineral elements by continuous cropping crops is solved, the nutrient requirement of celery vegetative growth is met, and the yield of celery is increased.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A soil biological disinfection method for a vegetable greenhouse of continuous cropping facilities comprises the following steps:
a) uniformly spreading medium-ripened compost, mineral fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes on the surface of the soil to be treated, and then sequentially carrying out rotary tillage, irrigation, ridging and film mulching to form a water-fertilizer-air-heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment of the soil;
b) performing soil biological disinfection treatment under the soil water, fertilizer and gas heat dynamic balance regulation microenvironment formed in the step a) until the soil biological disinfection target is reached.
2. The method for biologically disinfecting soil in a vegetable greenhouse of a continuous cropping facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium-ripened compost in step a) is an organic source soil conditioner prepared by fast humification and fermentation of kitchen waste for 12-14 h by adopting a microbial technology; the organic matter of the medium-ripened compost is more than or equal to 60 wt%, the organic matter easy to oxidize is more than or equal to 20 wt%, N is more than or equal to 0.5 wt%, the water content is less than or equal to 20 wt%, and the pH value is 5-8.
3. The method for biologically disinfecting soil in a vegetable greenhouse in a continuous cropping facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mineral fertilizer in step a) is mineral powder processed from an optimal mature soil mother rock; the fineness of the mineral fertilizer is more than or equal to 200 meshes, K2O≥1％，CaO≥15％，SiO2Not less than 10% and pH 9-11.
4. The method for biologically disinfecting soil in a vegetable greenhouse with continuous cropping facilities as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step a), the amino acid fertilizer is prepared by fermenting marine fish processing plant leftovers and/or soybean meal serving as raw materials by microorganisms; the variety of free amino acids of the amino acid fertilizer is more than or equal to 2, and the total amount of the free amino acids is more than or equal to 60 wt%.
5. The method for biologically disinfecting soil in a vegetable greenhouse in a continuous cropping facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effective viable count of the yeast in step a) is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g; the effective viable count of the actinomycetes is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g; the mass ratio of the yeast to the actinomycetes is 1: (0.5 to 1.5).
6. The method for biologically disinfecting soil in a vegetable greenhouse in a continuous cropping facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the medium-ripe compost to the mineral fertilizer in step a) is (10-15): 1; the use ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the amino acid fertilizer meets the following requirements that C/N (18-20): 1; the mass ratio of the medium-cooked compost to the yeast is (200-250): 1.
7. the method for biologically disinfecting soil in a vegetable greenhouse with continuous cropping facilities as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation amount in step a) is 60-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.
8. The soil biological sterilization method for the vegetable greenhouse with the continuous cropping facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the film covering in the step a) is a black mulching film, and the periphery of the film covering is compacted by soil to avoid air leakage, so that a fully-closed under-film environment is formed.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determination of the goal of soil bio-disinfection in step b) is based on:
the accumulated soil temperature is more than or equal to 900 ℃;
the method for measuring and calculating the accumulated temperature of the soil comprises the following steps:
the cumulative sum of the maximum temperature of the soil at a depth of 5-10 cm on the day within the treatment days.
10. The method for biologically disinfecting soil in a vegetable greenhouse in a continuous cropping facility as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the step a) further comprises:
pretreating the vegetable greenhouse of the continuous cropping facility to form soil to be treated;
the pretreatment process specifically comprises the following steps:
and (4) thoroughly clearing the continuous cropping facility vegetable greenhouse, and then carrying out dry braising in the greenhouse.
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| CN113892418A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-07 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Renewable nutrient soil for ginseng cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN114467401A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-05-13 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Method for improving soil by returning straw to field |
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