CN101606471B - Seeding medium made of vinasse methane-sludge and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seeding medium made of vinasse methane-sludge and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seeding medium made of vinasse methane-sludge and a preparation method thereof, not only solving the problem of environment contamination caused by vinasse methane-sludge, but also effectively utilizing vinasse methane-sludge. The seeding medium comprises fresh sludge containing 90 percent of water after methane generated from vinasse in a methane tank, accessories, ferment strain I and ferment strain II, wherein the accessories comprise grass peat, vermiculite and perlite; the ferment strain I comprises saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, high-temperature actinomycetesand bacillus; and the ferment strain II comprises photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, bacillus, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and terrestrial cyanobacteria. The preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing fresh sludge, dehydrating, adding the ferment strain I for fermentation, adding the ferment strain II for secondary fermentation, air drying, adding accessories, crushing,screening and packing. The vinasse methane-sludge contains 40 to 50 percent of organic matter and 4.3 percent of available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and kalium (K). The seeding medium made of vinasse methane-sludge has better hydrophilicity, and seeding can be carried out after loading the dry seeding medium and spraying water, thus saving both labor and time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural biotechnologies and product scope, be specifically related to a kind ofly utilize vinasse methane-sludge fermentation to make seedling medium and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Discover that crop is in seedling raising process, the amount of growth of root system in soilless substrate is 8 to 10 times in the growth of nutrition seedlings and soil, seeding stage shifts to an earlier date 1-2 days, and emergence rate improves 10.7-15.2%, and plant height increases by 13.4%, stem is thick to increase by 21.9%, its blade size increases by 17.4%, transplants to shorten and returns seedling stage, blooms 7-8 days in advance, ripe 5-7 days in advance, output increases 8-10%, and quality improves, and every mu increases income more than 8%.Therefore, national nursery crops such as Japan and Korea S., American and Britain, Israel have been realized the matrix soilless-cultivated seedling more than 90%.1,500 ten thousand hectares of China's nursery crop areas adopt matrix soilless-cultivated seedling area less than 2.74%, and seedling growing process falls behind, and has restricted China's modern agricultural development.
The research of seedling matrix material and prescription originates from plant nutrition scholar and physiologist in the middle of the 19th century, result of study, and with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite is domestic and international primary raw material prescription at 3: 1.Because China's peat composed of rotten mosses scarcity of resources, main product are in Jilin, northeast, Heilungkiang and other places, the supply whole nation is annual to need 1500 ten thousand steres, and haul distance is remote, and the matrix of producing costs an arm and a leg, and promotes difficulty.Based on preserving the ecological environment, reduce the base starting material cost, development of new raw material and prescription, imperative.
Utilize wheat, corn, cassava, sweet potato vinasse dried, that granulated slag extracts behind the alcohol to carry out biogas fermentation mud that second use produces,, become trade waste because of it has lost feed value.As fertilizer raw material granulation difficulty, organic manure producer, abandon and need not, a large amount of natural ponds slag sludge is stacked, and stinks to high heaven, environmental pollution is serious day by day, greatly endangers the healthy of people.
Therefore, scientific and reasonable, economical and effective is utilized vinasse mud, with its raw material as seedling medium, to the seedling medium industry development, improves the ecological environment, and it is significant to promote the progress of modern agriculture seedling growing process.
Summary of the invention
In order to alleviate of the pollution of vinasse methane-sludge to environment, effectively utilize the vinasse methane-sludge, the invention provides seedling medium and preparation method that a kind of vinasse methane-sludge makes.
Realize that technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The seedling medium that a kind of vinasse methane-sludge makes comprises the raw material of following volume:
Water content the fresh sludge 5-7 cubic meter 90% or more of vinasse after the biogas jar produces biogas, auxiliary material 3-5 cubic meter, bacterial classification I0.05-0.07 cubic meter, bacterial classification II0.10-0.14 cubic meter;
Described auxiliary material comprises: peat composed of rotten mosses 1-3 cubic meter, 1 cubic metre of vermiculite, 1 cubic metre of perlite;
Described fermented bacterium I comprises: saccharomycete 0.0125-0.0175 cubic meter, lactic acid bacteria 0.015-0.021 cubic meter, thermophilic actinomycete 0.01-0.014 cubic meter, bacillus 0.0125-0.0175 cubic meter;
Described fermented bacterium II comprises: photosynthetic bacteria 0.0075-0.0105 cubic meter, lactic acid bacteria 0.015-0.021 cubic meter, bacillus 0.025-0.035 cubic meter, saccharomycete 0.01-0.014 cubic meter, actinomycetes 0.0075-0.0105 cubic meter, Lu Sheng cyanobacteria 0.035-0.049 cubic meter.
The preparation method of the seedling medium that a kind of vinasse methane-sludge fermentation makes comprises following operating procedure:
(1) gets the raw materials ready according to the raw material of described vinasse methane-sludge seedling medium;
(2) the fresh sludge airing of water content more than 90% dewatered to water content 60-70%;
(3) add fermented bacterium I, stir, stack fermentation 30-45 days, fermentation temperature is 60-70 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the first time;
(4) add fermented bacterium II in the first time in the fermentation product, mix, stack fermentation 45-60 days, fermentation temperature reaches 25-35 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the second time, occurs white hypha in the fermentation product, and color is yellowish-brown, has the fragrance of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
(5) fermentation product is air-dry for the second time below 30%, gets air-dry thing to moisture;
(6) in air-dry thing, add auxiliary material 3-5 cubic meter, mix, get mixture;
(7) mixture is pulverized its particle≤φ 5mm;
(8), can obtain the seedling medium of vinasse methane-sludge preparation with the rotary screen screening.
In raw material of the present invention, the vinasse methane-sludge contains abundant organic matter and nutrient, after adding bacterial classification I and bacterial classification II, for plant provides nutrient and trace element, physiology physical conditions such as glycoprotein, organic acid, cellulose, nucleic acid are provided for microbial reproduction, cellulose that decomposes and nucleic acid have the effect of degraded heavy metal by absorption and flocculation, and the lactic acid bacteria in the bacterial classification can suppress pathogen; The saccharomycete heavy metal in the mud of can degrading; Photosynthetic bacteria can promote the generation of actinomycetes, azotobacter and play the effect of fixed nitrogen, and the Lu Sheng cyanobacteria can assimilate carbonic acid gas and become organic matter, fixed nitrogen, digestion nitrate, and the carbohydrate of generation is utilized by azotobacteria; Bacillus by redox, becomes the lower valence state of toxicity to heavy metal from the higher valence state reduction of toxicity and evaporate into the atmosphere.
In the preparation process of vinasse methane-sludge seedling medium, after the fermenting raw materials, for microbial reproduction provides glycoprotein, organic acid, cellulose, conditions such as nucleic acid provide the required nutrient microorganism of plant can promote the absorption of plant to nutritive element, suppress sprout term disease such as overworked sick, the generation of pathogen such as damping off, anthracnose, abundant organic matter are that plant seedlings effectively absorbs nutrient, and good biotic habitat is provided.
The auxiliary material peat composed of rotten mosses contains a large amount of humus, promotes the seedlings root growth.Vermiculite and perlite improve porosity, increase the ventilation water retention capacity, organic and microorganism again common guarantee the microecological balance in the matrix.
The seedling medium that vinasse methane-sludge of the present invention makes is the comprehensive and abundant organic-inorganic mixed-matrix of a kind of nutrient, organic 〉=20%, capacity 0.15-0.40g/cm3, total porosity 60-70%, pH value 6.0-8.0 total nutrient (N+P
2O
5+ K
2O) % 〉=2.0%, electrical conductivity≤800NS/CM has alkalescent, under actings in conjunction such as organic matter, actinomycetes, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, nucleic acid:
(1) the mud seedling medium forms abundant microbiologic population through hot fermentation, decompose mud formed nitrate and secondary salt marsh in biogas fermentation, suppress overworked disease in seedling stage, the growth of germ such as damping off, anthracnose, decompose the humus in the synthetic sludge organic matter, promote well developed root system, it is sturdy to grow, and reaches the effect of disease-resistant raising planting percent.
(2) physical indexs such as sludge substrate unit weight, particle diameter, total porosity, water-holding capacity reach seedlings root growth optimum range, and loose ventilative, good water absorption need not shift to an earlier date pre-wet process, siccative sabot, saving of work and time.Preserve moisture and fertility, water, fertilizer, gas heat are coordinated the growth of seedling stalwartness.
(3) sludge substrate nutrient comprehensive and abundant need not added chemical fertilizer, and fertility is stable lasting, need not add antibiotic, agricultural chemicals, reduce production costs, reduce and pollute, optimize the substrate ecological environment, reach the microecological balance of matrix, and have the function of separating nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing.
(4) can effectively promote root growth, improve 31.7% at two leaves, one heart stage root system bar number, shorten and transplant seedling-slowing stage, early flowering, ripen in advance, increasing both production and income than peat composed of rotten mosses matrix.
(5) solved the environmental pollution of vinasse mud, prolonged grain processing recycling economy industry chain (supply chain), protection peat composed of rotten mosses ecological resources; reduce the long-distance transport cost; promote the seedling medium industry development, promote the soilless-cultivated seedling scientific and technological progress, dwindle gap with the international advanced technology of growing seedlings.Of high quality and at a reasonable price, have the stronger market competitiveness.
By the various matrix comparative tests in continuous 3 years of gardening institute of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology, conclusion is than the peat composed of rotten mosses and other matrix, shows as good water absorption, and fertilizer efficiency is long, and air capacity of soils is good, and young plant root system bar number improves 31.7%, volume increase 8%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention had both solved environmental pollution with vinasse methane-sludge trans-utilization, had reduced the production cost of seedling medium again, turned waste into wealth content of organic matter 40-50% in the vinasse methane-sludge, peat composed of rotten mosses content of organic matter 40-50%; The content of quick-acting nitrogen N, phosphorus P, potassium K, sludge substrate are 4.3%, and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix only is 0.23%; Peat composed of rotten mosses matrix must add chemical fertilizer could be used, and the seedling medium that the vinasse methane-sludge makes need not add chemical fertilizer; The seedling medium that the vinasse methane-sludge makes is through 60-70 ℃ of hot fermentation, and germ worm's ovum high temperature kills, adding of germicide not on growing seedlings, and the dead seedling of xanthorrhiza not, and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix is without hot fermentation, sick seedling xanthorrhiza rate 37% is not added bactericide and can not be used.The seedling medium drinking water property that the vinasse methane-sludge makes is good, and the siccative sabot is sprayed water then, can sow saving of work and time; Peat composed of rotten mosses matrix drinking water property is poor, must add fertilizer, dosing the previous day in the sowing sabot, and the spice ability of prewetting in advance sabot is time-consuming.Prove that through chemical examination and biologic test the physical property of the seedling medium that the vinasse methane-sludge makes, chemical property, biological property all significantly improve than peat composed of rotten mosses matrix.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done to describe further.
Embodiment 1:
Seedling medium and preparation method that a kind of vinasse methane-sludge makes are as follows:
1, get the raw materials ready: 7 cubic metres of fresh vinasse methane-sludges, its water content be more than 90%, 3 cubic metres of auxiliary materials, fermented bacterium I0.07 cubic meter, fermented bacterium II0.14 cubic meter.Wherein:
Auxiliary material comprises: 1 cubic metre of the peat composed of rotten mosses (factory buys from the Jilin peat composed of rotten mosses), 1 cubic metre of vermiculite, 1 cubic metre of perlite (available from the market).
Fermented bacterium I comprises: 0.0175 cubic metre in saccharomycete, 0.021 cubic metre of lactic acid bacteria, 0.014 cubic metre of thermophilic actinomycete, 0.0175 cubic metre of bacillus (available from soil and fertilizer research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences).
Fermented bacterium II comprises: 0.0105 cubic metre of photosynthetic bacteria, 0.021 cubic metre of lactic acid bacteria, 0.035 cubic metre of bacillus, 0.014 cubic metre in saccharomycete, 0.0105 cubic metre in actinomycetes, 0.049 cubic metre of Lu Sheng cyanobacteria (available) from soil and fertilizer research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
2, the fresh sludge airing of water content more than 90% dewatered to water content 60-70%;
3, add fermented bacterium I, stir, stack fermentation 30 days, fermentation temperature is 60-70 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the first time;
4, add fermented bacterium II in the first time in the fermentation product, mix, stack fermentation 45 days, fermentation temperature reaches 25-35 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the second time, occurs white hypha in the fermentation product, and color is yellowish-brown, has the fragrance of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
5, fermentation product is air-dry for the second time below 30%, gets air-dry thing to moisture;
6, in air-dry thing, add 3 cubic metres of auxiliary materials, mix, get mixture;
7, mixture is pulverized its particle≤φ 5mm;
8,, can obtain the seedling medium of vinasse methane-sludge preparation with the rotary screen screening.
In melon, dish, cotton, cigarette, nursery stock etc. are grown seedlings, the seedling medium of vinasse methane-sludge preparation to be poured in seedbed or the seedling-cultivating tray, spray water irrigates, can directly sow, or the cuttage replanting and culturing.
Embodiment 2:
1, get the raw materials ready: 6 cubic metres of fresh vinasse methane-sludges, water content be more than 90%, 4 cubic metres of auxiliary materials, and bacterial classification I0.06 cubic meter, bacterial classification II0.12 cubic meter, wherein:
Auxiliary material comprises: 2 cubic metres of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 1 cubic metre of vermiculite, 1 cubic metre of perlite.
Fermented bacterium I comprises: 0.015 cubic metre in saccharomycete, 0.018 cubic metre of lactic acid bacteria, 0.012 cubic metre of thermophilic actinomycete, 0.015 cubic metre of bacillus.
Fermented bacterium II comprises: 0.009 cubic metre of photosynthetic bacteria, 0.018 cubic metre of lactic acid bacteria, 0.03 cubic metre of bacillus, 0.012 cubic metre in saccharomycete, 0.009 cubic metre in actinomycetes, 0.042 cubic metre of Lu Sheng cyanobacteria.
2, the fresh sludge airing of water content more than 90% dewatered to water content 60-70%;
3, add fermented bacterium I, stir, stack fermentation 38 days, fermentation temperature is 60-70 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the first time;
4, add fermented bacterium II in the first time in the fermentation product, mix, stack fermentation 54 days, fermentation temperature reaches 25-35 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the second time, occurs white hypha in the fermentation product, and color is yellowish-brown, has the fragrance of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
5, fermentation product is air-dry for the second time below 30%, gets air-dry thing to moisture;
6, in air-dry thing, add 4 cubic metres of auxiliary materials, mix, get mixture;
7, mixture is pulverized its particle≤φ 5mm;
8,, can obtain the seedling medium of vinasse methane-sludge preparation with the rotary screen screening.
Embodiment 3:
1, get the raw materials ready: 5 cubic metres of new explanation vinasse methane-sludges, water content be more than 90%, 5 cubic metres of auxiliary materials, and bacterial classification I0.05 cubic meter, bacterial classification II0.10 cubic meter, wherein:
Auxiliary material comprises: 3 cubic metres of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 1 cubic metre of vermiculite, 1 cubic metre of perlite.
Fermented bacterium I comprises: 0.015 cubic metre in saccharomycete, 0.018 cubic metre of lactic acid bacteria, 0.012 cubic metre of thermophilic actinomycete, 0.015 cubic metre of bacillus.
Fermented bacterium II comprises: 0.009 cubic metre of photosynthetic bacteria, 0.018 cubic metre of lactic acid bacteria, 0.03 cubic metre of bacillus, 0.012 cubic metre in saccharomycete, 0.009 cubic metre in actinomycetes, 0.042 cubic metre of Lu Sheng cyanobacteria.
2, the fresh sludge airing of water content more than 90% dewatered to water content 60-70%;
3, add fermented bacterium I, stir, stack fermentation 45 days, fermentation temperature is 60-70 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the first time;
4, add fermented bacterium II in the first time in the fermentation product, mix, stack fermentation 60 days, fermentation temperature reaches 25-35 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the second time, occurs white hypha in the fermentation product, and color is yellowish-brown, has the fragrance of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
5, fermentation product is air-dry for the second time below 30%, gets air-dry thing to moisture;
6, in air-dry thing, add 5 cubic metres of auxiliary materials, mix, get mixture;
7, mixture is pulverized its particle≤φ 5mm;
8,, can obtain the seedling medium of vinasse methane-sludge preparation with the rotary screen screening.
Claims (2)
1. seedling medium that the vinasse methane-sludge makes is characterized in that comprising the raw material of following volume:
Water content the fresh sludge 5-7 cubic meter 90% or more of vinasse after the biogas jar produces biogas, auxiliary material 3-5 cubic meter, bacterial classification I0.05-0.07 cubic meter, bacterial classification II 0.10-0.14 cubic meter;
Described auxiliary material comprises: peat composed of rotten mosses 1-3 cubic meter, 1 cubic metre of vermiculite, 1 cubic metre of perlite;
Described fermented bacterium I comprises: saccharomycete 0.0125-0.0175 cubic meter, lactic acid bacteria 0.015-0.021 cubic meter, thermophilic actinomycete 0.01-0.014 cubic meter, bacillus 0.0125-0.0175 cubic meter;
Described fermented bacterium II comprises: photosynthetic bacteria 0.0075-0.0105 cubic meter, lactic acid bacteria 0.015-0.021 cubic meter, bacillus 0.025-0.035 cubic meter, saccharomycete 0.01-0.014 cubic meter, actinomycetes 0.0075-0.0105 cubic meter, Lu Sheng cyanobacteria 0.035-0.049 cubic meter.
2. the preparation method of the seedling medium that a kind of vinasse methane-sludge according to claim 1 makes is characterized in that comprising following operating procedure:
(1) raw material of the seedling medium that makes according to a kind of vinasse methane-sludge is got the raw materials ready;
(2) the fresh sludge airing of water content more than 90% dewatered to water content 60-70%;
(3) add fermented bacterium I, stir, stack fermentation 30-45 days, fermentation temperature is 60-70 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the first time;
(4) add fermented bacterium II in the first time in the fermentation product, mix, stack fermentation 45-60 days, fermentation temperature reaches 25-35 ℃, obtains fermentation product for the second time, occurs white hypha in the fermentation product, and color is yellowish-brown, has the fragrance of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
(5) fermentation product is air-dry for the second time below 30%, gets air-dry thing to moisture;
(6) in air-dry thing, add auxiliary material 3-5 cubic meter, mix, get mixture;
(7) mixture is pulverized the diameter of its particle≤φ 5mm;
(8), can obtain the seedling medium of vinasse methane-sludge preparation with the rotary screen screening.
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Assignee: Anhui Modern Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Anhui Fengtian Seedless Watermelon Technology Co., Ltd. Contract record no.: 2012340000296 Date of cancellation: 20150326 |
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Application publication date: 20091223 Assignee: Anhui Fengtian Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Anhui Fengtian Seedless Watermelon Technology Co., Ltd. Contract record no.: 2015340000038 Denomination of invention: Seeding medium made of vinasse methane-sludge and preparation method thereof Granted publication date: 20101201 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20150326 |
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