CN102210256A - Container culture medium prepared from edible fungi residue and production method thereof - Google Patents
Container culture medium prepared from edible fungi residue and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a container culture medium prepared from edible fungi residue and a production method thereof, and the container culture medium comprises the edible fungi residue. The container culture medium comprises the following raw materials and auxiliary raw materials in naturally stacked parts by volume: 50-60 parts of the edible fungi residue, 30-70 parts of grass carbon, 0.8-1.2 parts of vermiculite, 0.3-0.7 part of pearlite, 5-20 parts of cake fertilizer, and 2-4 parts of mineral fertilizer. Wood chips, wheat bran, residual mycelia and other larger particles are contained in the edible fungi residue, thereby having higher air porosity and good water retention property and permeability, being more conductive to growth of a plant root system, creating a good rooting zone environment for growth of crops and providing a large number of nutrients for the crops; and the supply of the edible fungi residue is sufficient, and the material can be got from local resources, thereby reducing the production cost of the container culture medium to the maximal extent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seedling growth field, relate to container culturing substrate, especially a kind of container culturing substrate and production method thereof with the edible fungi residue preparation.
Background technology
Along with the garden seedling tree container culturing comes into one's own at home day by day, the garden seedling tree container culturing technical system that further investigation and research are fit to China's national situation becomes important research project, wherein, container culturing substrate is one of key element of garden seedling tree container culturing, it can provide good subenvironment for the growth of container seedling, matching container culturing substrate rationally and effectively is the key factor of influence cultivation quality, than field soil, the particle of container matrix is bigger, air porosity is higher, can help plant growing more, the container matrix of equal volume is compared with field soil, in nutrition, all many-sides such as moisture are all superior.
(Edihle Fungi Residue, Residue EFR) are the culture medium waste that is left behind the results product in the edible fungus culturing process to edible fungi residue.China is Edible Fungi big country, and according to edible fungi of china association statistics, national edible mushroom gross yield had reached 1.83 * 107t in 2008, accounted for more than 70% of global gross yield, and the gross output value breaks through 60,000,000,000 yuan.Be accompanied by the development of mushroom industry, have every year a large amount of edible fungi residues to produce, press edible fungus biology efficient average 40% and calculate the about 4.57 * 107t of national edible fungi residue gross yield in 2008, enormous amount.Yet how the bacterium slag is carried out environmental protection effectively handle, but never be well solved.Annual a large amount of bacterium slag and useless rod or bank up on the spot, or directly apply Tanaka, on the one hand, caused the huge waste of agriculture organic resource; On the other hand, caused the deterioration of surrounding environment, caused bacterial reproduction, transmission has been caused near resident living environment and has a strong impact on, and has caused significant damage also near mushroom industry.Therefore, the reasonable utilization of edible fungi residue is extremely urgent.
By retrieval, find following documents: patent documentation (CN1415187) discloses a kind of nursery stock and survives growth soil, it is made up of organic sludge, organic ecological matrix, macromolecule (SAP), MI Blockbuster bio-fertilizer and root-inducing powder, it is fully mixed, packing forms, it is to survive growth soil with the nursery stock that following weight percentages is prepared from: organic sludge 10%-30%, organic ecological matrix 30%-60%, macromolecule (SAP) 10%-30%, MI Blockbuster bio-fertilizer 5%-25%, root-inducing powder 0.5%-2%.Patent documentation CN1259503 discloses the pure natural multielement organic fertilizer that the various pure natural materials of a kind of full employing are prepared from, its basic material is the peat composed of rotten mosses, contain great number of organic matters and humic acid in the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acid is a kind of natural organic high molecular compound, contain carbon, hydrogen, elements such as nitrogen, also contain methoxyl group isoreactivity gene, be the stimulin of the growth of the modifying agent of soil and crops, be added with nitrogenous soya-bean cake, phosphorous bone meal, the ash that contains potassium, play the kaolin of adhesive and granule coating, rare earth, zeolite is made through scientific formula.Patent documentation (CN101759449A) discloses a kind of seedling medium and preparation method thereof, and this matrix comprises following raw material components: the mixture of one or more in the accessory substance that produces when getting the raw materials ready in crop by-product, organic waste, the grass pulping process; And ammoniacal liquor, method is that in the accessory substance that produces when getting the raw materials ready in crop by-product, organic waste, the grass pulping process one or more make with ammoniacal liquor mixing after fermentation, the nitrogenous condensed water that produces when wherein the black liquor that produces in the preferred pulping with ammonium sulfite method process of ammoniacal liquor concentrates, the condensed water with 25～70 ℃ of nitrogen content 0.05-0.5%, temperature is good again; The accessory substance that produces in the material papering section of the preferred pulping with ammonium sulfite method technology of crops accessory substance.This method is utilized the waste material and the waste liquid that produce in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method process again, turns waste into wealth.This matrix permeability, nutrient content all are better than the peat perlite, use it in the growth test of forestry nursery stock, and growth is obvious, and root quantity increases more than 30%.
Through relatively, find the matrix of the container culturing that above-mentioned patent provides, have following shortcoming: 1, raw material types is various, and some cost of material is higher, has increased production cost; 2, complex manufacturing technology.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of draw materials container culturing substrate and production method thereof extensive, with low cost, that preparation simply prepares with edible fungi residue are provided.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme of purpose is as follows:
A kind of container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation, described container culturing substrate comprises edible fungi residue.
A kind of container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation comprises that following raw material and auxiliary material with the volume parts ratio of banking up naturally are:
Edible fungi residue: 50～60;
The peat composed of rotten mosses: 30～70;
Vermiculite: 0.8～1.2;
Perlite: 0.3～0.7;
Cake fertilizer: 5～20;
Mineral fertilizer 2-4;
The weight of additive that adds in every cubic metre of raw material is:
The fertile 0.5-2kg/m of slow-releasing granules
3, pH value adjusts agent 0.5-2kg/m
3, sterilization medicament 0.1-kg/m
3
And described mineral fertilizer and volume parts ratio are: mineral potassic fertilizer: 1.0～1.5; Phosphate fertilizer: 0.1～0.3; Mineral fertiliser containing magnesium: 1.0～1.5.
And described slow-releasing granules fertilizer is fruit mountain range fertilizer.
And described pH value buffer is a ferrous sulfate.
And described sterilization medicament is the granule that must speed goes out, tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thioketones content 98-100%.
A kind of method of producing the container culturing substrate of edible fungi residue preparation may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the bacterium slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses, it is 40-60 ℃ in environmental temperature that vermiculite, perlite, cake fertilizer, mineral fertilizer mix the back, carries out fermentation reactor system under the normal pressure 48 hours, obtains primary matrix;
(2) in primary matrix, add slow-releasing granules fertilizer, obtain containing fertilizer ground substance;
(3) add pH value in containing fertilizer ground substance and adjust agent, making the pH value that contains fertilizer ground substance is 6.5～8;
(4) to being in harmonious proportion matrix adding sterilization medicament and fully stirring, sealing was deposited 8-12 days;
(5) being vented to the sterilization medicament volatilizees fully and gets product.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1, it is bigger to contain particles such as wood chip, wheat bran and remaining mycelium in the used edible fungi residue of the present invention, air porosity is higher, its moisture capacity, permeability are good, help the growth of root system of plant more, can create good rhizospheric environment for plant growth, also can be crop a large amount of nutrients are provided; The edible fungi residue ample supply and prompt delivery can be gathered materials on the spot, and so just can reduce the matrix production cost to greatest extent.
2, this container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation adopts the edible fungi residue after cultivation is used to be raw material, be covered with mycelium and beneficial bacterium on the edible fungi residue, make it become loose more soft, and through multiple microbial action, the cellulose of edible fungi residue, hemicellulose and wooden all having obtained are degraded effectively, thereby for the growth of nursery stock provides a large number of nutrients, simultaneously in the mycelial growth process, in edible fungi residue, produced various saccharides by enzymolysis, organic acid, enzyme and bioactivator, after testing, contain in the edible fungi residue that adopts cotton seed hulls to make: crude protein 13.16%, crude fat 4.20%, raw fiber 31.56%, ash content 10.89%, and calcic 10.86g in per 0.5 kilogram of bacterium slag, phosphorus 3.6g, potassium 4.04g, sodium 8.7g, copper 0.0049g, magnesium 1.58g, iron 0.69g, zinc 0.06g, manganese 0.0774g, therefore this matrix nutrition component content is abundant, can effectively promote seedling growth to grow.
3, the first fermentation reactor system of this container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation, make it form stable humus, and degraded harmful substance, edible fungi residue after becoming thoroughly decomposed has the ventilative and heat absorption heat-insulating property of good draining, not only satisfy the requirement of container seedling to moisture and air, also can suitably increase ground temperature, help promoting the seedling root growth, again bacterium slag tunning is mixed with other inorganic matrix and carry out container culturing, both can reduce production costs, can improve the yield and quality again, produce favorable economic benefit.
4, the mycelial in the course of cultivation comprehensive growth of container culturing substrate of the present invention's preparation can occupy the invasion space in phytopathy worm source again once more, make edible fungi residue become a kind of source of organic matter of not having damage by disease and insect, for container culturing provides a kind of good humus, significant to improving the matrix fertility.
5, the present invention not only can be turned waste into wealth it to the research and the utilization of edible fungi residue, also reduced to huddle and left about the environmental pollution that is caused, promoted mushroom industry to change towards good, sustainable development direction, and the composite interstitial substance of proportioning, physical and chemical indexs such as its unit weight, proportion, porosity, maximum water-holding capacity, pH value are good, and the container seedling overall qualities of cultivating are excellent, blade is many, stem is sturdy, opening degree is big, biological yield is high.
6, raw material selection of the present invention is extensive, cheap, and manufacturing process is simple, and is easy to utilize.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, and following embodiment is illustrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with following embodiment.
Embodiment 1: duration winter
A kind of container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation, raw material is as follows:
Edible fungi residue 1.5m
3Peat composed of rotten mosses 0.9m
3Vermiculite 0.03m
3Perlite 0.015m
3Cake fertilizer 0.15m
3Mineral potassic fertilizer 0.03m
3Phosphate fertilizer 0.003m
3Mineral fertiliser containing magnesium 0.03m
3, slow-releasing granules fertilizer (fruit mountain range fertilizer) 2.4kg; PH value is adjusted agent (ferrous sulfate) 2kg; Sterilization medicament (must speed go out granule) 1.1-1.5kg
A kind of production method of the container culturing substrate with edible fungi residue preparation.
(1) with the edible fungi residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite, cake fertilizer, mineral potassic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and mineral fertiliser containing magnesium are mixed back (edible fungi residue moisture 63% itself, do not need to add again entry) be 40-60 ℃ in environmental temperature, carry out fermentation reactor system under the normal pressure and obtained primary matrix in 48 hours;
(2) add slow-releasing granules fertilizer in primary matrix and obtain containing fertilizer ground substance, its consumption is: 0.8-1kg/m
3
(3) will contain in the fertilizer ground substance and add pH value and adjust agent to make the pH value that contains fertilizer ground substance be 6.5-8, promptly obtain being in harmonious proportion matrix;
(4) add sterilization medicament and abundant the stirring to mediation matrix, and, after sealing is deposited 10 days, take off film, treat soup volatilization back use with the plastic film covering;
(5) be vented to the sterilization medicament both volatilize fully finished product.
Sampling detects and obtains: 1-5mm particle diameter 85% (V/V), unit weight 0.33g/m
3, total porosity 66%, total amount of organic (butt) 38%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total amount (butt) 3.1%, pH value be 6.3, the organic substrate of electrical conductivity 718 μ s/cm, poisonous and harmful substance content in the organic substrate seldom, be better than standard-required, the branch of weighing is at last packed bag into for finished product, can be used for container nursery.
Embodiment 2: duration winter
A kind of container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation, raw material is as follows:
Edible fungi residue 3.0m
3Peat composed of rotten mosses 1.8m
3Vermiculite 0.06m
3Perlite 0.030m
3Cake fertilizer 0.3m
3Mineral potassic fertilizer 0.06m
3Phosphate fertilizer 0.006m
3Mineral fertiliser containing magnesium 0.06m
3, slow-releasing granules fertilizer (fruit mountain range fertilizer) 4.8kg; PH value is adjusted agent (ferrous sulfate) 4kg; Sterilization medicament (must speed go out granule) 2.2-3kg
A kind of production method of the container culturing substrate with edible fungi residue preparation.
(1) with the edible fungi residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite, cake fertilizer, mineral potassic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and mineral fertiliser containing magnesium are mixed back (edible fungi residue moisture 63% itself, do not need to add again entry) be 40-60 ℃ in environmental temperature, carry out fermentation reactor system under the normal pressure and obtained primary matrix in 48 hours;
(2) add slow-releasing granules fertilizer in primary matrix and obtain containing fertilizer ground substance, its consumption is: 0.8-1kg/m
3
(3) will contain in the fertilizer ground substance and add pH value and adjust agent to make the pH value that contains fertilizer ground substance be 6.5-8, promptly obtain being in harmonious proportion matrix;
(4) add sterilization medicament and abundant the stirring to mediation matrix, and, after sealing is deposited 10 days, take off film, treat soup volatilization back use with the plastic film covering;
(5) be vented to the sterilization medicament both volatilize fully finished product.
Sampling detects and obtains: 1-5mm particle diameter 85% (V/V), unit weight 0.33g/m
3, total porosity 66%, total amount of organic (butt) 38%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total amount (butt) 3.1%, pH value be 6.3, the organic substrate of electrical conductivity 718 μ s/cm, poisonous and harmful substance content in the organic substrate seldom, be better than standard-required, the branch of weighing is at last packed bag into for finished product, can be used for container nursery.
Wherein raw material is described as follows:
Cake fertilizer is the residue that the seed of oil plant is left after extracting oil, and these residues can directly be used as fertilizer.The kind of cake fertilizer is a lot, and wherein main have soya-bean cake, rapeseed cake, pockmarks cake, cotton cake, groundnut cake, seeds of a tung oil tree cake, a camellia oleosa seed cake etc.The nutrient content of cake fertilizer, because of the difference of raw material, the method difference of oil expression, the content of various nutrients is also different.General moisture stage by stage 10～13 percent, organic 75～86 percent, it is the many organic manure of nitrogen content.
Mineral potassic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, mineral fertiliser containing magnesium, slow-releasing granules fertilizer are commercially available finished product fertilizer, and the present invention does not have specified otherwise, are and well known to a person skilled in the art fertilizer, as potassium chloride, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, green village potassic-magnesian fertilizer, fruit mountain range fertilizer etc.
Releasing a kind of below is the production technology of container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue:
The first step, the bacterium slag composting that should ferment is handled.The bacterium slag has the easy material of microbial decomposition that is, add also residual former thalline itself, as handling without fermentation maturity, can be because the activity of microorganism, biochemical reaction taking place, influence the balance of nutrient solution, causes the nitrogen famine, sometimes also can produce noxious materials such as organic acid, phenols, influence the normal growth of container seedling.When therefore making matrix with it, necessary first fermentation reactor system makes it form stable humus, and the degraded harmful substance, just can be used for cultivation.Edible fungi residue after becoming thoroughly decomposed has characteristics such as draining is ventilative, heat absorption insulation, both can satisfy the requirement of container seedling to moisture and air, can suitably increase ground temperature again, help promoting the seedling root growth, and it is cheap, can be used as the main packing material of matrix, account for 50%～60% of matrix.Structure is too loose, the shortcoming of preserve moisture and fertility ability but edible fungi residue exists.Therefore when preparation matrix, suggestion elder generation some nutrition accessories of interpolation carry out fermentation reactor system and (can add 30% to 70% the peat composed of rotten mosses, materials such as an amount of vermiculite, perlite, cake fertilizer, mineral potassic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and mineral fertiliser containing magnesium), can improve matrix fertilizer efficiency and fertility like this, and good preserve moisture and fertility ability and penetrating ability, mix with edible fungi residue and can play the effect that replenishes mutually.Both can replenish nutrient, improve the matrix physicochemical property, also can prevent disease worm, pollution, avoid causing mashed root.
Second step added an amount of slow-releasing granules fertilizer in matrix, can promote the healthy and strong growth of container seedling.The solvability of nursery stock special slow release granular fertilizer in water is little, and nutritive element discharges slowly, can reduce the loss of nutritive element.Its fertilizer efficiency is long and stable, can continuously discharge, satisfy plant the whole growth phase to nutrient demand, simultaneously, have low salt index, be fit to dissimilar matrix and plants, can prevent effectively that matrix from hardening, the consumption of general slow-release fertilizer is 250g/m
3Matrix.
In the 3rd step, different raw materials is carried out mechanical mixture by a certain percentage, and adjusting cultivation matrix requirement pH value is 6～8.For making nutrition soil pH value stable, can suitably add PH buffer solution, as humus acid calcium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc.If the original formulation pH value is inapplicable, can carry out chemicals treatment, to reach requirement.
In the 4th step, before using, the matrix for preparing to carry out strict sterilization, to remove phytopathy worm source.Introduced a kind of sterilization new drug from Germany in recent years--the granule that must speed goes out is a kind of broad spectrum activity matrix disinfectant, and usage amount is generally 60g/m
3Matrix, disinfectant and matrix stir, and cover with plastic film, take off film after 10 days, treat soup volatilization back use.Mycelial comprehensive growth can occupy the invasion space in phytopathy worm source again once more in the cultivation process, makes edible fungi residue become a kind of source of organic matter of not having damage by disease and insect, and is for container culturing provides a kind of good humus, significant to improving the matrix fertility.
Claims (7)
1. container culturing substrate with edible fungi residue preparation, it is characterized in that: described container culturing substrate comprises edible fungi residue.
2. container culturing substrate with edible fungi residue preparation is characterized in that: comprise that following raw material and auxiliary material with the volume parts ratio of banking up naturally are:
Edible fungi residue: 50～60;
The peat composed of rotten mosses: 30～70;
Vermiculite: 0.8～1.2;
Perlite: 0.3～0.7;
Cake fertilizer: 5～20;
Mineral fertilizer 2-4;
The weight of additive that adds in every cubic metre of raw material is:
The fertile 0.5-2kg/m of slow-releasing granules
3, pH value adjusts agent 0.5-2kg/m
3, sterilization medicament 0.1-kg/m
3
3. a kind of container culturing substrate according to claim 2 with the edible fungi residue preparation, it is characterized in that: described mineral fertilizer and volume parts ratio are: mineral potassic fertilizer: 1.0～1.5; Phosphate fertilizer: 0.1～0.3; Mineral fertiliser containing magnesium: 1.0～1.5.
4. a kind of container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described slow-releasing granules is fertile to be fruit mountain range fertilizer.
5. a kind of container culturing substrate with the edible fungi residue preparation according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: it is ferrous sulfate that described pH value is adjusted agent.
6. a kind of container culturing substrate with edible fungi residue preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described sterilization medicament is the granule that must speed goes out, tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thioketones content 98-100%.
7. a production is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps as the method for the container culturing substrate of edible fungi residue preparation as described in the claim 2:
(1) with the bacterium slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses, it is 40-60 ℃ in environmental temperature that vermiculite, perlite, cake fertilizer, mineral fertilizer mix the back, carries out fermentation reactor system under the normal pressure 48 hours, obtains primary matrix;
(2) in primary matrix, add slow-releasing granules fertilizer, obtain containing fertilizer ground substance;
(3) add pH value in containing fertilizer ground substance and adjust agent, making the pH value that contains fertilizer ground substance is 6.5～8, and also fully stir to mediation matrix adding sterilization medicament (4), seals and deposited 8-12 days;
(5) being vented to the sterilization medicament volatilizees fully and gets product.
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Application publication date: 20111012 |