CN103210713A - Method for improving soil fertility of greenhouse and preventing soil disease - Google Patents
Method for improving soil fertility of greenhouse and preventing soil disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210713A CN103210713A CN2013101604216A CN201310160421A CN103210713A CN 103210713 A CN103210713 A CN 103210713A CN 2013101604216 A CN2013101604216 A CN 2013101604216A CN 201310160421 A CN201310160421 A CN 201310160421A CN 103210713 A CN103210713 A CN 103210713A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soil fertility of a greenhouse and preventing a soil disease. The method comprises a biogas slurry storage step, a soil anaerobic fermentation raw material sowing step, a step of conducting soil tillage on evenly-scattered anaerobic fermentation raw materials, a step of conducting flood irrigation on a cultivated filed through the biogas slurry and water, a step of covering a mulching film for sealing, a step of depressing the greenhouse, and a step of uncovering the mulching film to again conduct soil tillage. The method has no chemical composition residuals, can not damage strain balance of various beneficial bacteria in the soil, does not enable the beneficial bacteria to produce drug resistance, is stable in disinfection effect, can play a role of disinfecting on a deeper soil layer, is low in disinfection cost, can be used in a certain area in large-quantity and high-strength modes, solves the problem that biogas slurry consumption in a biogas project is difficult, improves soil physical and chemical properties and acid-base equilibrium, improves disease-insect resistance of the crop and stress resistance of a bad condition, can kill harmful bacteria, reduces the disease, improves absorption efficiency of the crop on various fertilizer components, improves fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer and saves fertilizing cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse gardening soil melioration and biogas engineering product comprehensive utilization, specifically relate to the method for a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improvement and soil-borne disease control.
Background technology
Continuous cropping obstacle is meant crop yield and the quality decline phenomenon that takes place when continuous several times is cultivated of the same race or equal crop in same planting site, especially shows very obviously in the booth vegetable cultivation.The reason that continuous cropping obstacle produces mainly is that the microbial population balance is destroyed in the soil owing to the harmful bacterial classification group of contagiosity in the soil increases.Often in the production adopt efficent rotation, select disease-resistant variety for use, technology such as displacement soil, biological control, soil disinfection overcome the facility continuous cropping obstacle.Effective soil disinfection method commonly used comprises chemical agent sterilization, disinfection with hot water, steam sterilization, solar heat sterilization, the sterilization of solar energy calcium cyanamide, solar energy reduction sterilization etc.
Wherein the chemical agent sterilization is soil to be sprayed or mix medicine handle, control efficiency is not good, and easy more residual chemical compositions in soil, long-term use may change soil constituent, and can destroy the bacterial classification balance of all kinds of beneficial bacteriums in the soil, harmful bacterium is developed immunity to drugs, be unfavorable for the plantation of later stage vegetables; Solar heat sterilization, solar energy calcium cyanamide Disinfection Effect instability; Though disinfection with hot water, steam sterilization are effective, use the cost height; Solar energy reduction sterilization mainly is with organic matters such as the rice bran of suitable C/N ratio, wheat bran, through broad irrigation, plastic film is airtight, utilize solar energy high temperature that the anaerobic fermentation reaction takes place in soil, suppress the growth of harmful bacterium, and kill harmful bacterium of some non-refractories and anaerobic condition, this method is developed in Japan, and in agricultural planting by extensively effectively utilization.
There is a large amount of agricultural wastes large-sized biogas engineerings in China, it produces a large amount of natural pond liquid in running, contain a large amount of fertilizer elements in the liquid of natural pond, do not carry out total nitrogen concentration 0.03%-0.2% in the natural pond liquid of Separation of Solid and Liquid, total phosphorus mass concentration 0.01%-0.1%, total potassium mass concentration 0.02%-0.2%, carry out Separation of Solid and Liquid and removed total nitrogen concentration 0.02%-0.1% in the natural pond liquid of natural pond slag, total phosphorus mass concentration 0.003%-0.03%, total potassium mass concentration 0.01%-0.05%, also contain great number of organic matters, and it is big to have output, how the characteristics that the cycle of continuing is long effectively digest a general difficult problem of falling to have become big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering with natural pond liquid.
Chinese patent " a kind of method of utilizing natural pond liquid to rescue the plastic shed soil continuous cropping obstacle " discloses the anaerobic reduction that utilizes in the liquid of fresh natural pond in (CN102498777A), by the vexed canopy of flood irrigation to booth continuous cropping planting site, to being arranged, improves in continuous cropping obstacle soil, and obtain certain effect, but because it can only be at the fresh natural pond of summer high temperature weather digestion part liquid, can't utilize the natural pond liquid that produces other periods, so concerning the big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering of a large amount of natural ponds of long-term generation liquid, the digestion amount is obviously not enough; Natural pond liquid owing to contacting the anaerobic reduction that oxygen lost or reduced its sterilization of relying, makes its Disinfection Effect have a greatly reduced quality in the process of storage, extraction, transportation, irrigation in addition; The 3rd aspect the amount of flood irrigation, and the Disinfection Effect for the flood irrigation of trying one's best is obtained makes that the fertilization effect of natural pond liquid is uncontrollable, excessively applies fertilizer and the generation fertilizer damage easily.In fact instant nitrogenousfertilizer concentration is generally between the 0.03%-0.2% in the natural pond liquid of crossing through Separation of Solid and Liquid, if with in the example every mu use 50m
3The words of natural pond liquid, total nitrogen concentration calculates by 0.12%, every mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer is 60kg, amount much larger than the required instant nitrogenousfertilizer base fertilizer of general crop, as words by 0.2% calculating, every mu the highest applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer and reaches 100kg, and the required total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of tomato of per mu yield 5000kg only about 20kg in the practice in fact, even if per mu yield 10000kg is only about 40kg, so blindly use instant nitrogenousfertilizer in a large number, not only might cause crop excessive growth, even cause fertilizer damage, cause the underproduction, also might destroy whole soil constituent structure, cause soil acidification, the salinization intensity aggravation, and, increase the possibility of all kinds of damage by disease and insect owing to excessively unnecessary fertilizer nutrition, have a strong impact on the Sustainable Production of planting site, also do not meet the native fertilising spirit that becomes more meticulous of filling a prescription of survey of the existing popularization of China, in fact a series of problems that cause owing to excessively applying fertilizer have been very important problems in the agricultural planting, particularly green house of China are planted.But opposite, natural pond liquid use very few again can't the whole planting site of flood irrigation, also can't can't reach the effect of soil anaerobic reduction sterilization for the soil provides enough reproducibilities, natural pond liquid flood irrigation amount and excessive fertilization are obstacles that is difficult to overcome.
Therefore should guarantee good soil disinfection effect, can appropriateness apply fertilizer again, and can also fully digest the natural pond liquid that produces continually in the biogas engineering that such soil disinfection method becomes the direction that addresses the above problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the method for a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improvement and soil-borne disease control in order to address the above problem.
The present invention reduces the soil disinfection method with solar energy and combines with the utilization of product biogas residue and biogas liquid in the biogas engineering, the organic anaerobic fermentation raw material and the large quantity of moisture of its required suitable C/N ratio are provided for solar energy reduction soil disinfection with a large amount of biogas residue and biogas liquids that produce, thoroughly biogas residue and biogas liquid is made full use of simultaneously, and all kinds of fertilizer elements of capacity are provided for soil under the prerequisite that soil is not produced fertilizer damage.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical proposals: the method for a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improvement and soil-borne disease control, the step that comprises natural pond liquid deposit, the step that the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed, for evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out the step that soil is turned over, the step of planting site being carried out flood irrigation with natural pond liquid and water, the step of covering with plastic film sealing, the step of vexed canopy, open mulch film and carry out the step that soil is turned over once more, specific as follows: 1) natural pond liquid deposit: isolated natural pond liquid in the biogas engineering is stored in the liquid storage pool of natural pond, and natural pond liquid storage pool capacity is at least enough stored biogas engineering normal operation more than three months and is arranged the natural pond liquid measure; 2) the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed: during summer high temperature, treat that crop harvesting finishes in the booth after, be that 15～40: 1 rice bran, wheat bran organic substance evenly are sprinkled in the greenhouse gardening ground with C/N ratio C/N, as the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material; 3) turn over for evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out soil: turned in the soil on greenhouse gardening ground, make in the organic manure full and uniform dispersion underground layer, the soil depth of turning over should be more than the 20cm; 4) with natural pond liquid and water planting site is carried out flood irrigation: according to the concentration of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer fertilizer element and every mu fertilizer requirement in the liquid of natural pond, determine the required natural pond liquid measure that applies, be equipped with the water of q.s, by irrigation pipe planting site is carried out flood irrigation, irritate saturating required planting soil layer depth, and make liquid level integral body flood soil layer, make soil layer reach muddy state gross water requirement and be about 50-70M
3/ mu; 5) covering with plastic film sealing: the planting site after the flood irrigation is covered with plastic film, and compacting film periphery makes the planting site after the flood irrigation be in the state isolated with air; 6) vexed canopy: with the vexed canopy of green house Close All, utilize the sun according to shining the temperature that improves plantation soil layer anaerobic fermentation, the interior temperature of canopy is reached more than 40 ℃, soil temperature reaches more than 35 ℃, anaerobic fermentation raw material in the soil layer enters the anaerobic fermentation state, by the oxygen in high temperature and the consumption soil layer, kill harmful germ and insect and worm's ovum thereof in the soil layer, vexed canopy process needs more than 20 days; 7) open mulch film and carry out soil once more and turn over: through behind the sufficient anaerobic fermentation, the plastic film that covers on the soil layer is taken off, planting site is turned over fully, breathed freely and airing, make the plantation soil layer return to aerobic plantation state from anaerobic state, and the moisture content in the soil is dropped to below 30%, be fit to plantation.
As preferably, in the step that described soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed, anaerobic fermentation raw material can also produce the hybrid composting product of natural pond slag for agricultural crop straw and biogas engineering, both mix back C/N ratio C/N is 15～40: 1, amount usable raw material big, inexpensive, easy acquisition carries out the anaerobic reduction sterilization like this, compare with organic matters such as using rice bran, wheat bran, greatly reduce cost.
As preferably, in the hybrid composting process of described anaerobic fermentation raw material agricultural crop straw and natural pond slag, at least include beneficial fungi and useful actinomycetic beneficial microbe group EM or complex microorganism group CM with the ratio adding that is higher than compost material 1/1000, make beneficial bacterium capture soil advantage ecological niche, improve soil physical and chemical property and acid base equilibrium, improve the resistance of crop disease-resistant insect pest and bad condition, to improve the composting efficiency and the middle microbial population of after being manured into soil, improving the soil, the kill harmful bacterium, reduce disease and improve fertilizer efficiency, improve the absorption efficiency of crop, save fertilizer cost various fertilizer elements.
As preferably, the step of described covering with plastic film sealing combines with the step of planting site being carried out flood irrigation with natural pond liquid and water and carries out, be specially after planting site is laid irrigation pipe, covered with plastic film is by irrigation pipe flood irrigation natural pond liquid and water, simultaneously the air under the plastic film is discharged, irritate saturating required planting soil layer depth, and make liquid level integral body flood soil layer, make soil layer reach muddy state, compacting film periphery makes the planting site after the flood irrigation be in the state isolated with air.
As preferably, in the step of described vexed canopy, for the anaerobic fermentation reaction is started as early as possible, the middle high-temperature flue gas input booth that burning marsh gas power generation in the biogas engineering can be produced improves temperature of shed, and then the reaction temperature in the raising planting site soil layer, both can add the fast response toggle speed, also can improve the effect of soil disinfection by keeping high temperature.
After natural pond liquid natural pond slag carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid in the biogas engineering of the present invention, annual natural pond liquid can all be stored in the storage pool, the fertile amount in natural ponds such as the natural pond liquid of corresponding output, and the greenhouse gardening area of supporting corresponding size is stored to and exhausts during whole ground of vexed canopy summer.General crop whole growth phase fertilizer is according to its receipts amount desired value, should form by quick-acting base fertilizer, the slow base fertilizer of 30-70%, the topdressing of 10-30% of 10-30%, disposablely use quick-acting base fertilizer in a large number, might cause crop excessive growth, even cause fertilizer damage, cause the consequence that does not reach target output.Because the composition in the liquid of natural pond is a quick-acting fertilizer, so natural pond liquid should be below 30% of whole growth phase fertilizer amount when using as quick-acting base fertilizer, uses the amount of natural pond liquid and should calculate adjustment according to the nutrient component of natural pond liquid.Slow base fertilizer can be provided by fertilizer efficiency elements such as nitrogenous, the phosphorus of institute, potassium in the anaerobic fermentation organic matter, and shared total fertilizer requirement is 30-70%, topdress can according to the later stage crop growing state suitably arrange to use lack specific chemical fertilizer.
Among the present invention as by the instant nitrogenousfertilizer concentration of natural pond liquid is 0.1% to calculate 1m
3Natural pond liquid is nitrogenous to be 1kg, 20m
3The quick-acting base fertilizer of amounting to the fertile 20kg/ mu of purity nitrogen can be provided, enough satisfy general plant growth, be equipped with amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that anaerobic fermentation raw material is with, Different Nitrogen Concentration in general rice bran, the wheat bran is 2%, and the Different Nitrogen Concentration scope of other compost is 1-2%, generally can apply 2-3 ton/mu, amount to purity nitrogen fertile 30-40kg/ mu, carry out topdressing of various fertilizer elements in the later stage according to growing way, can accomplish fertilising fully, again not excessively fertilising.
Among the present invention as the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material, apply organic substance carbon-nitrogen ratio the best and should be 20～30: 1, when cultivated soil depth is 20cm, sowing amount should be 1-2 ton/mu, when cultivated soil depth is 40cm, sowing amount should be 2-4 ton/mu, and the organic matter of selecting for use can be the organic matter of comprehensive nutritions such as rice bran, wheat bran, easy decomposition, C/N ratio appropriateness, also can be the organic matter that multiple Different Nutrition composition mixes back C/N ratio appropriateness.The natural pond slag C/N ratio that is produced in the biogas engineering is 6～20: between 1, (C/N ratio of straw is 80～90: 1 as the crops straw that is equipped with high C/N ratio in 1: 1 ratio, the C/N ratio of straw is 60: 1) hybrid composting, behind the aerobic compost that heats up, lowers the temperature, the compost product applies planting site as next step anaerobic fermentation raw material immediately, but so both soil disinfection sterilizations can provide biological organic fertilizer again.
Use among the present invention with anaerobic fermentation raw material be manured into soil turn over after, use Rolling Stone etc. and suitably planting site soil face flattened, after being convenient to the flood irrigation liquid level and retreating in the planting site soil layer, film can continue closely to link to each other with planting site soil face, maintenance air state of isolation.
At least include beneficial fungi and useful actinomycetic beneficial microbe group (EM) or complex microorganism group (CM) with the ratio adding that is higher than crops straw compost material 1/1000 among the present invention, fungi can be accelerated compositions such as the cellulose of the difficult natural decomposition in the degrading straw and lignin, the raw material of capacity high-quality is provided for follow-up anaerobic fermentation, actinomycetes can secrete multiple antibiotic, can kill all kinds of harmful bacterium in soil, other can also comprise photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, multiple beneficial microorganisms such as saccharomycete, for crop provides multiple nutrient, decompose the toxin in the soil, also can take into account the effect that improves composting efficiency and improve the soil middle microbial population, make beneficial bacterium capture the indoor soil advantage of canopy ecological niche, improve soil physical and chemical property and acid base equilibrium, improve the resistance of crop disease-resistant insect pest and bad condition, also but the kill harmful bacterium reduces disease, improves the absorption efficiency of crop to various fertilizer elements, improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, save fertilizer cost.When with natural pond liquid and water planting site being carried out flood irrigation among the present invention, can't be crop utilization for preventing that fertilizer element in the liquid of natural pond from diffusing in the dark soil layer, even diffuse to and cause environmental pollution in the water table, after so the soil layer that should pour water 20-30cm is dark is earlier irritated thoroughly, continue to irrigate natural pond liquid to soil layer is flooded, after the water surface can integral body floods native face, slowly infiltrate soil layer again, nutriment in a fertilizer in the liquid of natural pond both can have been stayed in the anaerobic fermentation soil layer like this, for anaerobic fermentation provides nutrient, also can be the follow-up plantation branch of supplying active fertilizer.
When with natural pond liquid and water planting site being carried out flood irrigation among the present invention, be 0.1% to calculate, use natural pond liquid 20m by the instant nitrogenousfertilizer concentration of natural pond liquid
3/ mu is enough flood irrigation ground, irritates saturating required cultivated soil layer with the water of q.s earlier, and required irrigation quantity can be made as 30-50m
3/ mu.300 mu of booths can consume 6000m at least
3Natural pond liquid is roughly equal to the supporting annual natural pond of the biogas engineering liquid discharge rate of piggery blowdown of 4000-5000 pig, and obtains required fertilizer simultaneously, and can handle disinfecting soil simultaneously.
Among the present invention with covering with plastic film sealing with natural pond liquid and water planting site is carried out flood irrigation and combines and carry out, can apace for soil layer provides an anaerobic fermentation environment, and can save manual operation more efficiently with the discharge of the air under the overlay film.
At vexed canopy after 20 days, carry out soil when turning among the present invention, ploughing depth should be not less than the soil depth that carries out the anaerobic fermentation sterilization, and this process stops the anaerobic fermentation disinfecting process by ventilative, airing, the good oxygen condition that agric is returned to can cultivate.Turn over, breathe freely, airing should carry out before cultivating one week of beginning at least, and should repeatedly turn over, make ventilative, airing is abundant, guarantees that its anaerobic reduction environment has been changed into aerobic environment, simultaneously by airing, soil moisture content is reduced to below 30%, be fit to plant.
After adopting technique scheme among the present invention, make the present invention that following advantage be arranged:
1, compare with the chemical agent soil disinfection, no chemical composition is residual, can not destroy the bacterial classification balance of all kinds of beneficial bacteriums in the soil, and harmful bacterium is developed immunity to drugs.
2, compare with solar heat sterilization, the sterilization of solar energy calcium cyanamide, have Disinfection Effect and stablize, can play disinfective action darker soil layer.
3, compare with disinfection with hot water, steam sterilization, disinfection cost significantly reduces.
4, compare with solar energy reduction sterilization, keep the advantage of its high-effective disinfecting, but cost is further reduced, and at the big problem of its water consumption, available natural pond liquid partly replaces its water, and provide the anaerobic fermentation reaction required nutrient, can also utilize the raw material as the anaerobic fermentation reaction of slag product in natural pond in the biogas engineering, further reduce its cost, the marsh gas power generation waste heat also can make full use of aspect the heating of anaerobic fermentation course of reaction, further improve reaction efficiency, improve the effect of soil disinfection.
5, disclosed with CN102498777A " a kind of method of utilizing natural pond liquid to rescue the plastic shed soil continuous cropping obstacle " compared, the adjustable number of irrigating natural pond liquid is controlled, having solved the nutrient component effect and the Disinfection Effect of irrigating in the liquid measure of natural pond can be inversely proportional to, and the problem of the excessive fertilising that causes; And compare with its limitation that can only consume summer and produce fresh natural pond liquid, the present invention institute consumable natural pond liquid both can comprise fresh natural pond liquid, also can comprise the storage natural pond liquid in annual any period, had thoroughly solved biogas engineering natural pond liquid and had discharged difficult problem; Aspect Disinfection Effect, the present invention utilizes the reproducibility in the anaerobic fermentation course of reaction that the scene carries out to carry out soil disinfection, and its Disinfection Effect must be higher than and utilizes the Disinfection Effect that shifts reproducibility remaining in the anaerobic fermentation product of coming.
6, solve biogas engineering natural pond liquid and consumed difficult problem, because use is before plantation, can be to not doing the harm of deposits yields anoxic, therefore can be in certain area a large amount of, high-intensity using, solved the limitation that natural pond liquid consumption needs large-area planting sites; Though the fertilizer amount concentration of natural pond liquid unit is lower because its unit are amount of application is big, therefore changed in application, the peasant to natural pond liquid with the not enough impression of fertility.
7, by in soil anaerobic fermentation disinfecting process, adding beneficial microbe group (EM) or complex microorganism group (CM), on basis to soil disinfection, also can take into account the effect that improves composting efficiency and improve the soil middle microbial population, make beneficial bacterium capture the indoor soil advantage of canopy ecological niche, improve soil physical and chemical property and acid base equilibrium, improve the resistance of crop disease-resistant insect pest and bad condition, but kill harmful bacterium also, reduce disease, improve the absorption efficiency of crop to various fertilizer elements, improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, save the fertilising cost.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment: the method for a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improvement and soil-borne disease control, the step that comprises natural pond liquid deposit, the step that the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed, for evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out the step that soil is turned over, the step of planting site being carried out flood irrigation with natural pond liquid and water, the step of covering with plastic film sealing, the step of vexed canopy, open mulch film and carry out the step that soil is turned over once more, specific as follows: 1) natural pond liquid deposit: isolated natural pond liquid in the biogas engineering is stored in the liquid storage pool of natural pond, and natural pond liquid storage pool capacity is at least enough stored biogas engineering normal operation more than three months and is arranged the natural pond liquid measure; 2) the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed: during summer high temperature, treat that crop harvesting finishes in the booth after, be that organic substances such as 15～40: 1 rice bran, wheat bran evenly are sprinkled in the greenhouse gardening ground with C/N ratio C/N, as the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material; 3) turn over for evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out soil: turned in the soil on greenhouse gardening ground, make in the organic manure full and uniform dispersion underground layer, the soil depth of turning over should be more than the 20cm; 4) with natural pond liquid and water planting site is carried out flood irrigation: according to the concentration of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer fertilizer element and every mu fertilizer requirement in the liquid of natural pond, determine the required natural pond liquid measure that applies, be equipped with the water of q.s, by irrigation pipe planting site is carried out flood irrigation, irritate saturating required planting soil layer depth, and make liquid level integral body flood soil layer, make soil layer reach muddy state gross water requirement and be about 50-70M
3/ mu; 5) covering with plastic film sealing: the planting site after the flood irrigation is covered with plastic film, and compacting film periphery makes the planting site after the flood irrigation be in the state isolated with air; 6) vexed canopy: with the vexed canopy of green house Close All, utilize the sun according to shining the temperature that improves plantation soil layer anaerobic fermentation, the interior temperature of canopy is reached more than 40 ℃, soil temperature reaches more than 35 ℃, anaerobic fermentation raw material in the soil layer enters the anaerobic fermentation state, by the oxygen in high temperature and the consumption soil layer, kill harmful germ and insect and worm's ovum thereof in the soil layer, vexed canopy process needs more than 20 days; 7) open mulch film and carry out soil once more and turn over: through behind the sufficient anaerobic fermentation, the plastic film that covers on the soil layer is taken off, planting site is turned over fully, breathed freely and airing, make the plantation soil layer return to aerobic plantation state from anaerobic state, and the moisture content in the soil is dropped to below 30%, be fit to plantation.Preferably, in the step that described soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed, anaerobic fermentation raw material can also produce the hybrid composting product of natural pond slag for agricultural crop straw and biogas engineering, both mix back C/N ratio C/N is 15～40: 1, in the hybrid composting process, ratio adding with compost material 1/500～1/1000 includes beneficial fungi and useful actinomycetic beneficial microbe group EM or complex microorganism group CM at least, to improve composting efficiency and the middle microbial population of improving the soil, kill harmful bacterium after being manured into soil, reducing disease and improve fertilizer efficiency; The described C/N ratio C/N that applies organic substance is preferably 20～30: 1, and when cultivated soil depth was 20cm, sowing amount was 1-2 ton/mu, when cultivated soil depth was 40cm, sowing amount was 2-4 ton/mu; Described for after evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out planting site soil face being flattened after soil turns over, be convenient to the flood irrigation liquid level to retreat in the planting site soil layer, film can continue closely to link to each other with planting site soil face, maintenance air state of isolation; Describedly planting site is carried out in the step of flood irrigation with natural pond liquid and water, after the soil layer that should pour water 20-30cm is dark is earlier irritated thoroughly, continue to irrigate natural pond liquid to soil layer is flooded, after natural pond liquid level integral body is flooded native face, slowly infiltrate soil layer again, nutriment in a fertilizer in the liquid of natural pond both can have been stayed in the anaerobic fermentation soil layer like this, for anaerobic fermentation provides nutrient, also can be the follow-up plantation branch of supplying active fertilizer; In the step of described vexed canopy, for the anaerobic fermentation reaction is started as early as possible, the middle high-temperature flue gas input booth that burning marsh gas power generation in the biogas engineering can be produced improves temperature of shed, and then the reaction temperature in the raising planting site soil layer, both can add the fast response toggle speed, also can improve the effect of soil disinfection by keeping high temperature; The step of described covering with plastic film sealing combines with the step of planting site being carried out flood irrigation with natural pond liquid and water and carries out, be specially after planting site is laid irrigation pipe, covered with plastic film, by irrigation pipe flood irrigation natural pond liquid and water, simultaneously the air under the plastic film is discharged, irritate saturating required planting soil layer depth, and make liquid level integral body flood soil layer, make soil layer reach muddy state, compacting film periphery makes the planting site after the flood irrigation be in the state isolated with air.
Planting site planning example:
Set the medium-sized biogas engineering of a standard, supporting as plant's dirt processing of 4000 pigs of a family, every day, blowdown flow rate was 40M
3, anaerobic fermentation tank fermentation capacity 800M
3, daily output biogas 600M
3, produce 800 tons of natural pond slags per year, 6000 tons of natural pond liquid, biogas that this biogas engineering produces all are used for generating, generating waste-heat is used for the reaction temperature of biogas engineering itself to be kept, the flue gas that produces feeding booth, can be booth provides and is incubated and CO
2Gas fertilizer.
Near the biogas engineering station, press 300 mu of its natural pond fertile generation auxiliary construction green houses, and can store 6000M in the construction of booth periphery
3The natural pond liquid that the storage pool of natural pond liquid, biogas engineering are discharged every day by pipelined storage in this storage pool.
The plant species of booth is a tomato, plantation divided for two seasons, the forcing culture in early spring half in the delayed culture in autumn in August-December and December-June next year, in the 7-8 in the every year month planting site idle periods of changing according to the season, utilize all the natural pond liquid and the part natural pond slag of storage in the current year, utilize the sun according to shining heating, planting site soil is carried out anaerobic fermentation reduction sterilization, last natural pond slag is standby as the base fertilizer of next season plantation.
For improving improvement of plastic shed soil fertility and control soil-borne disease, at the beginning of 7 months of every year, when early spring, the stubble plantation finished, carry out the solar anaerobic fermentation soil disinfection.As anaerobic fermentation raw material, use crops straw and natural pond slag hybrid composting product in this example, crops straw and natural pond slag ratio example are 1:1, the C/N ratio of raw material is adjusted to 20-30:1, with stalk by cutting and grinding after, mix with the natural pond slag, add complex microorganism group (CM) thalline that can quicken its cellulose and lignin in the ratio of 500-1000:1 then and carry out aerobic compost, it is ventilative that process keeps, initial stage is warming up to 50-70 ℃, and the later stage is reduced to 35-40 ℃ gradually, and whole process probably needs 5-10 days, apply greenhouse gardening ground then, every mu of sowing amount is 3 tons.Deep ploughed to 30cm in the soil then, make in the organic manure full and uniform dispersion underground layer, and suitably flatten, for making pouring water evenly in the soil layer, irrigation pipe is layed in native face, covered with plastic film sealing then with the interval of 50-60cm with rolling car.Before beginning to pour water,, prevent that the irrigation water spill-over from going out on the ridge that periphery is piled up high about 10cm.Elder generation's water is irrigated the casual and soil layer face to water, probably needs water 30-50m
3/ mu is pressed 20m then
3The natural pond liquid that/mu will be stored in the liquid storage pool of natural pond pours into planting site, makes soil layer be in muddy state, and muddy soil layer is 30-40cm deeply.Plant's dirt as 4000 pigs of a family is handled the supporting medium-sized biogas engineering of standard, 1 year discharge 6000 m
3Natural pond liquid by this programme, can all consume and is used for 300 mu green house.
Booth all is closed carries out vexed canopy, in vexed canopy process, can the middle high-temperature flue gas that marsh gas power generation produces can be entered in the booth more than 35-40 ℃, soil temperature is raise, improve Disinfection Effect and speed for ensureing reaction temperature.Vexed canopy process continues 30 days, fully to kill harmful germ and insect and the worm's ovum thereof in the soil layer.
After through abundant anaerobic fermentation sterilization, the plastic film that covers on the soil layer is started, planting site is turned over fully, breathed freely and airing, make the soil return to aerobic plantation state from anaerobic state, and the moisture content in the soil is dropped to below 20%, this process approximately needs 7-10 days, can begin plantation after waiting the reproducibility in soil to substantially improve.
After above step is finished, every mu of soil having been applied high-quality organic compost 3000kg as slow base fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation raw material, is 0.1% to calculate 1m by the instant nitrogenousfertilizer concentration of natural pond liquid
3Natural pond liquid is nitrogenous to be 1kg, passes through 20m
3/ mu natural pond liquid has applied the quick-acting base fertilizer of amounting to the fertile 20kg/ mu of purity nitrogen, and the later stage is carried out topdressing of various fertilizer elements according to growing way.
Recommendation base fertilizer fertilizing amount in the NY/T5006-2001 pollution-free food tomato protection ground production specifications in the plantation standard that the Ministry of Agriculture proposes is: when the target output on high fertile ground is 4400-5400kg/ mu; need execute more than the high-quality fertilizer 3000kg/ mu; quick-acting nitrogen 15-18kg; rapid available phosphorus 3-6kg, available potassium 9-12kg.Liquid total nitrogen concentration 0.1% in natural pond in this programme, total phosphorus mass concentration 0.03%, total potassium mass concentration 0.05%, the total fertilizing amount in back that converts is: high-quality fertilizer 3000kg/ mu, quick-acting nitrogen 20kg, rapid available phosphorus 6kg, available potassium 10kg meets the nuisanceless fertilizer application norm in this standard fully.
Below for the more serious planting site of continuous cropping obstacle is compared by multiple soil disinfection method, the Disinfection Effect experimental data of acquisition:
Experimental data has proved that fully this programme has a significant effect and advantage aspect the preventing and treating of soil disinfection, soil-borne disease.
At last, should be pointed out that above embodiment only is the more representational example of the present invention.Obviously, technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description, and many distortion can also be arranged.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method for plastic shed soil fertility improvement and soil-borne disease control, comprise the step of natural pond liquid deposit, step that the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed, for the step of evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out soil to turn over, with natural pond liquid and water to planting site carry out the step of flood irrigation, the step of covering with plastic film sealing, vexed canopy step, open mulch film and also carry out the step that soil is turned over once more, specific as follows:
1) natural pond liquid deposit: isolated natural pond liquid in the biogas engineering is stored in the liquid storage pool of natural pond, and natural pond liquid storage pool capacity is at least enough stored biogas engineering normal operation more than three months and is arranged the natural pond liquid measure;
2) the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material is sowed: during summer high temperature, treat that crop harvesting finishes in the booth after, be that 15～40: 1 rice bran, wheat bran organic substance evenly are sprinkled in the greenhouse gardening ground with C/N ratio C/N, as the soil anaerobic fermentation raw material;
3) turn over for evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out soil: turned in the soil on greenhouse gardening ground, make in the organic manure full and uniform dispersion underground layer, the soil depth of turning over should be more than the 20cm;
4) with natural pond liquid and water planting site is carried out flood irrigation: according to the concentration of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer fertilizer element and every mu fertilizer requirement in the liquid of natural pond, determine the required natural pond liquid measure that applies, be equipped with the water of q.s, by irrigation pipe planting site is carried out flood irrigation, irritate saturating required planting soil layer depth, and make liquid level integral body flood soil layer, make soil layer reach muddy state;
5) covering with plastic film sealing: the planting site after the flood irrigation is covered with plastic film, and compacting film periphery makes the planting site after the flood irrigation be in the state isolated with air;
6) vexed canopy: with the vexed canopy of green house Close All, utilize the sun according to shining the temperature that improves plantation soil layer anaerobic fermentation, the interior temperature of canopy is reached more than 40 ℃, soil temperature reaches more than 35 ℃, anaerobic fermentation raw material in the soil layer enters the anaerobic fermentation state, by the oxygen in high temperature and the consumption soil layer, kill harmful germ and insect and worm's ovum thereof in the soil layer, vexed canopy process needs more than 20 days;
7) open mulch film and carry out soil once more and turn over: through behind the sufficient anaerobic fermentation, the plastic film that covers on the soil layer is taken off, planting site is turned over fully, breathed freely and airing, make the plantation soil layer return to aerobic plantation state from anaerobic state, and the moisture content in the soil is dropped to below 30%, be fit to plantation.
2. according to the method for described a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improvement of claim 1 and soil-borne disease control, it is characterized in that in the step that described soil anaerobic fermentation raw material sows, the C/N ratio C/N that applies organic substance is preferably 20～30: 1, when cultivated soil depth is 20cm, sowing amount is 1-2 ton/mu, when cultivated soil depth was 40cm, sowing amount was 2-4 ton/mu.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 methods that described a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improve and soil-borne disease is prevented and treated, it is characterized in that in the step that described soil anaerobic fermentation raw material sows, anaerobic fermentation raw material can also produce the hybrid composting product of natural pond slag for agricultural crop straw and biogas engineering, and both mix back C/N ratio C/N is 15～40: 1.
4. according to the method for described a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improvement of claim 3 and soil-borne disease control, it is characterized in that in the hybrid composting process of described anaerobic fermentation raw material agricultural crop straw and natural pond slag, at least include beneficial fungi and useful actinomycetic beneficial microbe group EM or complex microorganism group CM with the ratio adding that is higher than compost material 1/1000, to improve composting efficiency and the middle microbial population of after being manured into soil, improving the soil, kill harmful bacterium, to reduce disease and improve fertilizer efficiency.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 methods that described a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improve and soil-borne disease is prevented and treated, it is characterized in that described for evenly disperseing anaerobic fermentation raw material to carry out after soil turns over, planting site soil face is flattened, after being convenient to the flood irrigation liquid level and retreating in the planting site soil layer, film can continue closely to link to each other with planting site soil face, keeps the air state of isolation.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 methods that described a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improve and soil-borne disease is prevented and treated, it is characterized in that describedly planting site being carried out in the step of flood irrigation with natural pond liquid and water, after the soil layer that should pour water 20-30cm is dark is earlier irritated thoroughly, continue to irrigate natural pond liquid to soil layer is flooded, after natural pond liquid level integral body is flooded native face, slowly infiltrate soil layer again, the nutriment in a fertilizer in the liquid of natural pond both can have been stayed in the anaerobic fermentation soil layer like this, for anaerobic fermentation provides nutrient, also can be the follow-up plantation branch of supplying active fertilizer.
7. according to claim 1 or 2 methods that described a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improve and soil-borne disease is prevented and treated, the step that it is characterized in that the sealing of described covering with plastic film combines with the step of planting site being carried out flood irrigation with natural pond liquid and water and carries out, be specially after planting site is laid irrigation pipe, covered with plastic film, by irrigation pipe flood irrigation natural pond liquid and water, simultaneously the air under the plastic film is discharged, irritate saturating required planting soil layer depth, and make liquid level integral body flood soil layer, make soil layer reach muddy state, compacting film periphery makes the planting site after the flood irrigation be in the state isolated with air.
8. according to claim 1 or 2 methods that described a kind of plastic shed soil fertility improve and soil-borne disease is prevented and treated, it is characterized in that in the step of described vexed canopy, the middle high-temperature flue gas input booth that burning marsh gas power generation in the biogas engineering is produced improves temperature of shed, and then the reaction temperature in the raising planting site soil layer, both can add the fast response toggle speed, also can improve the effect of soil disinfection by keeping high temperature.
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