JP2550476B2 - Bacterial preparation for soil improvement - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a preparation comprising bacteria used in the field of agriculture for cultivating crops and raising livestock. More specifically, the present invention relates to a soil-improving formulation for bacterial plant cultivation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various soil-improving preparations are sometimes used to improve productivity in plant cultivation, and among them, microbial preparations also exist. Many of them are aerobic bacterial preparations, which require aeration or agitation with some facility when composting. Therefore, it requires a fair amount of facility cost and a lot of labor, and at that time, it often produces a foul odor, so that compost making is shunned and many mature (high quality) composts are not produced or used. Moreover, in the conventional farming method that uses fully-ripened compost, this is added to several tons / year.
If you use more than 10 are and do not pass for several years or more, you will not be able to achieve the desired soil improvement results such that humus is abundant and aggregate formation is sufficient. It is only used by farmers and is not in a situation where it can be generally spread.

Although anaerobic bacterial preparations for plant cultivation and deodorizing livestock manure are also known, as a whole, the majority of these bacteria groups consist mainly of vegetative cells and the soil-derived bacteria are few, so that the soil and soil It does not have long-lasting efficacy when used for animal dung, and high stability during use or storage. Therefore, it has a drawback that its use is not necessarily wide, its frequency of use or its amount of use is relatively large, and its efficacy and economy are insufficient. In addition, one bacterial strain of the genus Bacillus or the genus Pseudomonas has been trial-sold or tested for the purpose of promoting fiber maturation, soil improvement, deodorization of manure, or promotion of feed efficiency. It has disappeared without being established in the market. The reason is that soil, livestock manure, and digestive tract contents of livestock have different conditions such as composition, pH, temperature, and water in each case, so one strain cannot be applied to all uses and conditions. Because it is impossible.

[0004] In recent years, many harvested varieties have been cultivated in many kinds of plants and the yield has been increased by using these, but compost (or plant fiber) is hardly used,
Instead, chemical fertilizer is applied excessively. Then, strong fumigants and bactericides are used for the purpose of suppressing damage caused by salts accumulated in soil and soil pathogens.As a result, the microflora in the soil is biased and specific pathogens propagate. It will be easier. As described above, continuous cropping failure occurs frequently due to overuse of soil beyond the capacity naturally possessed in the field, but there is no drastic countermeasure against this.

There are various deodorants in order to prevent the offensive odor of manure in livestock sheds, but since these do not fundamentally cut off the mechanism of the offensive odor, both the deodorant effect and the economical efficiency are insufficient. However, there is no formulation that has a drastic effect that does not harm the roots and growth of plants by collecting the manure from a livestock bard and immediately putting it in the field. Furthermore, although there are feed additives that slightly enhance feed efficiency with antibiotics and the like, no formulation is found that can drastically prevent the malodor of excreted excrement at the same time as promoting feed efficiency.

[0006]

The present invention relates to a bacterium which produces lipopeptides which belongs to the genus Bacillus and has an action of lowering the surface tension of water, which is anaerobic in the presence of plant fiber in soil. Bacteria that can reproduce under the following conditions (hereinafter referred to as lipopeptide-producing bacteria) and bacteria that produce cellulases belonging to the genus Bacillus or Clostridium and can reproduce in anaerobic conditions in the presence of plant fiber in soil. It is composed of a bacterial preparation for soil improvement consisting of a bacterium (hereinafter referred to as a cellulase-producing bacterium). The present invention further comprises the lipopeptide-producing bacterium, the cellulase-producing bacterium,
A soil-improving bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus or Clostridium that has a nitrogen-fixing ability and that can be propagated in soil in the presence of plant fiber under anaerobic conditions (hereinafter referred to as nitrogen-fixing bacterium). Consisting of a formulation. The present invention further comprises a livestock excrement deodorant comprising the lipopeptide-producing bacterium and the cellulase-producing bacterium. The present invention further comprises a livestock feed efficiency enhancer comprising the lipopeptide-producing bacterium and the cellulase-producing bacterium.

Lipopeptide, also called peptide lipid, is a substance having a structure in which a fatty acid is bound to one end of a chain of several amino acids, which is a kind of surfactant having a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group. . In the present invention, the surface tension of water when dissolved in water is 40 or less, preferably 35 or less as the minimum surface tension (mN / m) (Fisher Autotensi).
Bacteria that produce lipopeptide having a value of 25 ° C. according to omat) are used. Representative examples of these lipopeptide-producing bacteria include Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis).
tilis), B. licheniformi
s), Bacillus circulans, and other bacteria, all of which are spore-forming bacteria.

The term cellulase as used in the present invention means a material containing plant fiber (hereinafter referred to as fiber), that is, residual leaves, straws, litter, rice husks, sawdust, planks, wood chips, after crop harvesting, An enzyme having an action of decomposing bark or the like in soil or the like, and main examples thereof include cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and the like. Typical examples of these cellulase-producing bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, and Bacillus polymyx.
a), Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans), Bacillus macerans (B. macerans) and Clostridium cellulolyticum,
Clostridium aerotolera (Cl. Aerotolera
ns), Clostridium acetobutylicum (Cl.aceto
butylicum) and other bacteria, all of which are spore-forming bacteria.

Each of the fungi used in the present invention is a fungus that can be propagated in soil in the presence of plant fiber under anaerobic conditions and is a fungus derived from soil, and thus stable during storage. Even after being applied to soil, livestock manure, and feed, it breeds vigorously. In the present invention, when the same strain produces lipopeptides and cellulases, or when the same strain produces cellulases and has a nitrogen-fixing ability, rather than using the same strain in combination, It is desirable to use different strains. Targets to which the bacterial preparation of the present invention such as soil, livestock manure, and digestive organs of livestock are applied have different pH, temperature, water content, etc. depending on the conditions, so that the bacteria can proliferate vigorously under various conditions. This is because it is preferable to combine as many strains or strains as possible as much as possible. Therefore, it is preferable that the bacterial preparation of the present invention is prepared by summing each of the lipopeptide-producing bacteria, cellulases-producing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria according to the purpose and selecting several or more bacterial species or strains.

In order to efficiently decompose (ripen) the fiber material, it is necessary that the carbon ratio (C / N ratio) is within a certain range. However, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria used in the present invention are in soil. Since it fixes nitrogen in the air, decomposition of fibrous matter is promoted without separately providing a nitrogen source for ripening. Representative examples of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the present invention include Bacillus azotofixans and B. maceran.
s), Bacillus polymixer (B. polymyxa) and Clostridium acetobutylicum (Cl.acetobutylicu)
m), Clostridium pasteurianum (Clostridi
um pasteurianum) and other bacteria, all of which are spore-forming bacteria and which have no symbiosis with plant roots.

The lipopeptide targeted in the present invention strongly reduces the surface tension of water when dissolved in water. That is, it has a strong action of lowering the viscosity of water and increasing the fluidity, and allowing water to enter the cells through the fine pores on the surface of the organism. When secreted into the soil, this lipopeptide dissolves in water, and the water penetrates through the fine pores on the surface of the fibrous cells, and the pressure expands the diameter of the pores, and from the expanded pores. Usually, an enzyme that decomposes plant cell walls and intercellular substances, such as cellulases secreted by another microorganism, efficiently invades into the cells to accelerate the decomposition of the cell walls and further the contents of the cells.

When the lipopeptide is secreted into the soil, it dissolves in water and acts on the clay particles, causing water to penetrate through the fine pores on the surface thereof and exhibiting the effect of refining the clay particles. . The complex body of these finely divided clay particles and the finely crushed fibrous material decomposed by cellulases is the body of the aggregate, and lipopeptide promotes aggregate formation by this action, and similar It is more stable in soil than the active lipoamino acid.

Since the outside of the aggregate has good air permeability, it becomes a stable breeding site for aerobic bacteria living in the soil. Since aerobic bacteria propagate outside the aggregates and deprive oxygen of the aggregates, the inside of the aggregates becomes insufficient in oxygen, which provides a stable breeding ground for anaerobic bacteria. In this way, anaerobic space and aerobic space exist in the soil in close proximity to each other,
It provides a stable breeding ground for lipopeptide-producing bacteria and cellulase-producing bacteria, and is a key for maintaining the symbiotic reproduction for a long time.

Lipopeptide is more actively secreted in soil under anaerobic conditions, and is actively secreted in the initial stage of fiber decomposition (the process until the fiber is softened), and when it is decomposed, it is secreted. However, it is secreted only slightly after it is fully composted due to the rapid decrease in the amount. For this reason, even if it is put in the field as a fully-ripened compost, the effect of promoting aggregate formation by lipopeptide is insufficiently exerted.

However, conventionally, unripe fibrous substances generate harmful substances in the roots such as phenols and volatile nitrogen compounds in the process of decomposing, so that the compost is completely matured and these substances disappear. It has been common sense to use from. However, by selecting and using a bacterium having a property of not secreting those harmful substances as in the present invention, the amount of lipopeptide secreted is increased in the early stage of the decomposition of the fiber, and the harmful effect of the immature fiber is eliminated. It becomes a means to avoid. That is, when this agent is properly used, these harmful substances are not secreted even in the initial stage of fiber decomposition, so that the roots are not harmed and aggregate formation is strongly promoted.

Further, in order to fundamentally cut off the occurrence of the continuous cropping disorder described in the problem, enhance soil productivity, and realize a large harvest over a long period of time, various microorganisms in the soil are prevented so that specific pathogens do not spread. It is indispensable to reproduce at a high level, and for that purpose, it is necessary to create an environment in which various microorganisms can actively reproduce. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the formation of aggregates that serve as a stable breeding ground for microorganisms and maintain them for a long time.

Since the lipopeptide is gradually decomposed in the soil, aggregates are formed while it is gradually destroyed, and plowing also promotes this. Therefore, in order to always maintain the aggregate formation above a certain level, it is necessary to constantly supply a new constant amount of lipopeptide. For this purpose, it is necessary to continuously feed bacteria having a proper effect capable of acting for a long time in soil and a certain amount of undegraded fiber.

The formulation of the present invention deodorizes manure by the following mechanism of action. As an intestinal bacterium of livestock, lipopeptide-producing bacteria do not live, and therefore, although cellulase-producing bacteria live, the action of cellulases secreted therefrom is not exerted strongly. The cell walls and intercellular substances of feed-derived plant cells (both mainly composed of polysaccharides) cannot be further finely decomposed, and most of the cell walls and the like are excreted as they are in feces without being decomposed. However, when the deodorant bacterial preparation of the present invention is sprayed on the feces, lipopeptides are secreted from there and act on the cell walls and the like remaining in the feces to expand the fine pores on the surface. In order to
Cellulases secreted by coexisting cellulase-producing bacteria efficiently and finely decompose cell walls and the like. As a result, the number of indole-positive Clostridium bacteria, which is the main cause of producing malodorous substances that live in the large intestine and feces of livestock, was significantly reduced (4 × 10 ⁵ → 3 × 10 ³ / gram), while The number of indole-negative Clostridium bacteria that do not produce malodorous substances is significantly increased (2 × 10 ³ → 3 × 10 ⁵
/ Gram). This effect is exhibited to some extent even if only lipopeptide-producing bacteria are sprayed on feces (indole-positive Clostridium spp.
⁵ → 2 × 10 ⁴ / gram), the effect is rather weak, and its efficacy is enhanced by the combined use with cellulase-producing bacteria.

The bacterium of the present invention has the characteristic that it does not produce volatile nitrogen components, hydrogen sulfide and indole, which cause malodor. Furthermore, the bacteria of this agent consume malodorous substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, indole, and normal butyric acid present in feces, so that the malodor unique to livestock sheds can be eliminated.

Furthermore, this agent promotes feed efficiency by the following mechanism of action. In the plant material that is the main raw material of livestock feed,
Components such as proteins and starches existing in the state of being confined in the cell wall are decomposed only when various digestive enzymes cross the cell wall and enter the cell. However, since the lipopeptide-producing bacteria do not live in the intestines of livestock,
Since the efficiency of digestive enzyme invasion across cell walls and intercellular substances is not high, proteins and starch are not sufficiently decomposed. The lipopeptide-producing bacteria used in this drug cannot colonize in the intestine, but when administered orally one after another, they propagate in the intestine as passing bacteria. Since the pores of the cell wall are expanded and various digestive enzymes easily cross the cell wall and enter the cell, the protein and starch in the feed are first decomposed in the cell, and when the molecular weight becomes small to some extent, the cell wall It becomes easy to jump out of the cells from the enlarged pores of the. Degradation products of the protein and starch of the feed that have gone out of the cell are further promoted to be decomposed by enzymes, so that the digestion of these components, that is, the feed efficiency is promoted.

When the fungus of this drug is ingested from the outside, the production of malodorous substances is suppressed even in the intestine as described above, the malodorous odor of feces is also reduced, and the livestock does not inhale the malodorous substances, which causes a physiological burden. (Stress) is reduced and feed utilization rate is further promoted. Although the cellulase-producing bacteria live in the intestines of livestock, the above-mentioned actions are more effective when used in combination with the cellulase-producing bacteria than in the case of lipopeptide-producing bacteria alone.

As described above, the soil improving formulation of the present invention,
Although the deodorant formulation and the feed efficiency promoting formulation have essentially the same bacterial composition, they are different from the soil improver due to the synergistic action of the lipopeptide-producing bacteria and the cellulase-producing bacteria. Accurately exerts its effect as a deodorant of feces and urine and a feed efficiency promoter.

When using the soil conditioner of the present invention, the bacteria of this agent are put into the soil together with the fiber that serves as a substrate for propagation, and an appropriate amount of nitrogen source required for ripening is sprinkled on the soil. However, in order to maintain anaerobic conditions, it is desirable to cover the fibers with soil sufficiently so that they do not come into contact with the air.
Usually, after 1 to 2 weeks, the activity of the lipopeptide-producing bacterium begins with the use of fiber and nitrogen sources as nutrients. At the same time, due to the symbiotic relationship, the activity of cellulase-producing bacteria in this drug is added to promote the decomposition of fiber and the formation of aggregates. In addition, in order to improve the soil environment with this product, when applied to fibers that are difficult to ripen, such as bark (bark), after mixing this product, it is deposited for a short period of time and then put into soil. There is also a method of spraying on the excrement of a livestock house and collecting it to disperse it in the soil, or a method of recovering the excrement excreted by the livestock and injecting it into the soil.

The present agent is further used as a deodorant by being sprayed on the excrement of livestock, or as a promoter of feed efficiency by being mixed in the feed of livestock. There are many cases where bedding such as straw and sawdust is used on the floors of livestock houses such as chickens, pigs, and cows.
When used for deodorizing feces and urine, spread an appropriate amount of this product on these litters, and after a certain period (usually 2 to 3 weeks), the bacteria of this product remain in the feces. Using the digestive fiber, the nitrogen component, and the fiber of the litter as nutrient sources, the lipopeptide-producing bacteria began to actively proliferate, and at the same time, the activity of the cellulase-producing bacteria in this drug was added to the symbiotic relationship. , Mutually breed and suppress malodor-producing bacteria in feces and intestines.

[0025] In livestock manure, since there are no micropores that are anaerobic breeding grounds equivalent to aggregates in soil, the lifespan of the bacteria of this product tends to be shortened. When it is sprayed on the feces together with powders of siliceous substances (zeolite, diatomaceous earth, green tuff, etc.), it makes it easy for the bacteria to reproduce and prolong their lifespan.
This has the effect of reducing the amount or frequency of use.

The main aspects for judging the result of improvement of soil (soil) for plant cultivation are the degree of aggregate formation and the amount of fine fibrous decomposition products (humus, etc.). In the present invention, the most suitable and widely used base substitution capacity (CEC) and electric conductivity (E
C) was used as the index. When fibrous microscopic degradants such as aggregates and humus are sufficiently formed, the surface area of the microscopic particles on their surface is expanded and more fertilizer components (bases) are adsorbed on the surface, so The soil CEC increases. On the other hand, since the amount of fertilizer components that are not adsorbed is reduced, the EC of the soil is reduced. However, these values are different for each soil, so it is necessary to pay attention to the relative values in the same test.

The feed efficiency is a percentage of the weight of livestock products to the intake of a certain amount of feed (air-dried matter conversion), and indicates the utilization efficiency of feed in the production of livestock products such as meat, eggs and milk. It is an index. The larger this value is, the higher the feed utilization rate is.

The bacterium used in the present invention forms as many spores as possible under an appropriate culture condition using an appropriate medium for each bacterium, and when there are vegetative cells in addition to this spore, Usually, it is dried as it is, and then it is formulated using an appropriate excipient so that the bacterium population ratio of each bacterium becomes appropriate.

The spores can be obtained from the bacterium of the present invention in the same manner as the usual culture of the bacterium. The medium used for this culture may be any medium containing a nutrient source that can be utilized by the bacterium of the present invention, and may be any medium containing various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and inorganic metal salts as appropriate.

In particular, when culturing a bacterium of the genus Bacillus, it is preferable to use Difco Sporulation Medium of Difco or a medium corresponding thereto. In the culture of Clostridium, Clostridium spp. Is considered to be weak in sporulation in a nutrient-rich medium. For example, Long S. et al; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. ,
1389-1393, 1983) mineral salts medium (CAMM: Clostridium a
cetobutylicum Sporulation Minimal Medium) or a medium corresponding thereto is preferably used.

In the culture, a solid culture method can be adopted together with the usual aeration and stirring culture. After the completion of the culture, in separating the cells from the medium, the usual separation means, that is, the centrifugation method, the filtration method, the membrane separation method, etc. can be applied, but if it is necessary to maintain the anaerobic conditions, the centrifugation is performed. The method is particularly preferred.
When it is necessary to separate spores and vegetative cells, usual means such as heat treatment, lysozyme treatment, and alcohol treatment can be applied as necessary. A hot air drying method, a spray drying method, a freeze drying method and the like can be adopted as a drying method as a pre-formulation step.

The bacterial preparation of the present invention is produced by combining the dried bacteria obtained as described above and mixing them with a suitable excipient. The excipient is not particularly limited, and siliceous powders such as zeolite, diatomaceous earth, and green lime are suitable. The appropriate total number of bacteria in the bacterial preparation of the present invention varies depending on the bacterial species, but is approximately 10 ⁴ to 10 ¹⁰ cells / gram, preferably 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁸ , and the spore number is 1.
0 ⁴ to 10 ⁸ pieces / gram, preferably 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁶ .
The amount of the bacterial preparation of the present invention to be used is not critical and is appropriately selected depending on the object, conditions and the like. The amount used as a soil improver is 5 to 40 kg, preferably 10 to 20 kg per 10 a of soil depending on the amount of fibrous material, and the amount used as a deodorant is once every 7 to 8 days. 1 for livestock shed
It is ^{20 to} 160 g, preferably 40 to 80 g per m ² . The amount used as a feed efficiency promoter is 0.03 to 0.3%, preferably 0.05 to 0.2% in the compounded feed.

Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Test Examples.

【Example】

Example 1 Production of Dry Bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Baci subtilis) producing lipopeptides
llus subtilis) ATCC 21332 and Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 39307, cellulase-producing Bacillus subtilis ATCC
6051, B. licheniformis A
TCC 14580, B. circulans
ATCC 9500 and Bacillus polymixer (B. polymyxa) A
Bacteria of the genus Bacillus such as TCC 842 are treated with a Difco Sporulation Medium suitable for sporulation.
dium, Difco) and cultured separately under the following conditions. The culturing time was appropriately cut off from 12 hours to 48 hours in consideration of the culturing progress of each bacterium. Incubator: 2L mini jar (Mitsuwa Rika), medium 1
L Culture condition: Aeration amount 1 L / min Stirring 400 RPM Temperature 37 ° C. Culture time 12 to 48 hours After the culture is completed, centrifugation (10,000 G, 20 minutes) is performed to collect the bacterial cell divisions, freeze-drying by a conventional method, and drying. It was an item. The dried sample was aseptically crushed, a certain amount of which was dispersed in 0.85% physiological saline, and cultured by using an ordinary agar medium (manufactured by Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) to measure the total number of bacteria. After heat treatment at 15 ° C. for 15 minutes, the cells were similarly cultured and the number of spores was measured.

Anaerobic conditions are required for culturing bacteria of the genus Clostridium. Clostridium cellulolyticum (Cl. Cell) that produces cellulases
ulolyticum) ATCC 35319 and Cl. aerotolerans ATCC 43524 are cultivated.
Long S. et al; Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,
45, 1389-1393, 1983) mineral salt medium (CAMM: Clostrid
ium acetobutylicum Sporulation Minimal Medium) and cultured separately under the following conditions. The culture time was set according to the above. Incubator: 2L mini jar (Mitsuwa Rika), medium 1
L Culture condition: Nitrogen gas 0.5 L / min Agitation 200 RPM temperature 37 ° C. Culture time 12 to 48 hours After the culture was completed, the cells were separated by centrifugation under anaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrogen gas, and the conditions under which the anaerobic conditions were maintained After freeze-drying in, the dried product was stored in the presence of nitrogen gas. The sample is aseptically ground and GAM broth (Nippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is used as the medium
The total number of bacteria and the number of spores were determined in the same manner as above except that the agar plate containing 1.5% agar was used and the cells were cultured under anaerobic conditions.

Cultivation of Bacillus and Clostridium bacteria having nitrogen-fixing ability was carried out as follows.
Bacillus azotofixans ATCC 35681 and B. macerans ATCC 8244, which are Bacillus genus bacteria, are cultured, harvested, and dried by a method according to the above genus Bacillus. did. Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 82, a bacterium belonging to the genus Clostridium that requires anaerobic conditions for culturing
4, Clostridium pasteurianum (Cl. Pasteur
ianum) ATCC 6013 was cultivated, harvested and dried according to the above anaerobic culture conditions. The total bacterial count and spore count of the aseptically powdered preparation were measured by the method used for the Bacillus and Clostridium bacteria described above.

Example 2 Production of Bacterial Preparations Bacterial preparations 1 to 6 were prepared by appropriately combining the dried bacteria obtained in Example 1 and mixing them with zeolite to adjust to a desired number of bacteria. The bacterial composition of the bacterial preparation is shown in Table 1.

[0037]

[Table 1]

Test Example 1 Example of soil improvement Target crop: wheat, cultivar: Norin 61 No. 61 Cultivation time: Seeding in late October, harvest in mid June of the following year (Gunma prefecture) Fiber: 530 kg of rice straw in both test and conventional products / 10a Urea for ripening: 5kg / 10a in the test area, 4kg in the conventional product area
/ 10a bacterial preparation; test section is bacterial preparation 1 of Example 2, conventional product is Supercarson NR-C (anaerobic bacterial preparation for soil improvement,
Ciba Bio Fermentation KK product, total number of bacteria: 3 × 10 ⁸ / gram) is used. The test area is 10kg / 10a, the conventional product area is 20
kg / 10a. In addition, the area without application of bacterial preparations. The levels of N, P, and K chemical fertilizers are the same in all three districts (the same chemical fertilizers are used in the following plant cultivation tests unless otherwise noted) Application status: After spraying rice straw from this year, the formulation and urea are evenly distributed. Scatter and cover the hoe soil 10 to 15 cm below.
Seeding was done 1 day after application. No rice straw is used in the non-application area. Summary of results; Yield: 405kg / 10a in test area, 382kg in conventional product area, no application area
345 kg. Thousands of weight: Test area 37.5g, conventional product area 36.8g, non-application area 36.1
g. Index: (The value obtained by collecting soil 15 cm below the surface until Test Example 7 below), the value at the beginning of June CEC: Test plot 13.6me / 100g, conventional product plot 11.2, non-application plot 8.9 EC: Test plot 0.2 ms / cm (1: 5), conventional plot 0.3, non-applied plot 0.7 Note: The test plot and conventional plot had good root growth and slow stalking, so they were not affected by frost in early spring. Both wards are 5
Growth since the month was good. The conventional product group sprayed twice as much formulation in the fall, but the yield was slightly inferior to the test group. In the non-applied plots, the roots were not well-tensioned and stalks were erected in early spring, which caused frost damage in late April, which delayed growth and reduced yield. The point: The degree of soil improvement can be determined from the CEC and EC values of each plot just before harvesting. Despite the fungus in the formulation overwintering,
Especially in the test area, the soil was improved because the fungi could be active from spring to early summer. This is also reflected in the wheat yield and thousand-grain weight.

Test Example 2 Example of soil improvement Target crop: rice, variety: Kinuhikari Cultivation time: Rice planting in early June, harvest at the end of October (Nagano Prefecture) Fiber; 300 kg of rice straw and 200 kg of rice husk in both the test plot and conventional plot 10a Urea for ripening; 5kg / 10a in test area, 4kg / 1 in conventional product
0a Bacterial preparation; the test section uses the same bacterial preparation 2 of Example 2, and the conventional section uses the same one as in Test Example 1. The amount is 10 kg / 10a in both the test plot and the conventional product plot, and the condition where the formulation is not applied. In both the test plot and the conventional plot, the fiber is evenly sprayed on the paddy field at the time of scavenging 3 days before rice planting, and the formulation is then applied. Disperse urea evenly and pour 10 to 15 cm below with the fibers. No fiber is used in the non-application area. Summary of results; Effective division per share: 29.3 test plots, 26.7 conventional plots
Genuine rice, 22.3 non-use plots Yield of brown rice: test plot 684kg / 10a, conventional product plot 648kg, non-application plot 633kg Thousand grain weight of brown rice: test plot 20.8g, conventional product plot 20.6g, non-application plot 20.6g Index; Value at the beginning of August CEC: test area 31.6me / 100g, conventional product area 26.4, non-application area
23.6 EC: Test area 0.05ms / cm (1: 5), conventional product area 0.2,
Non-application section 0.6 Note: The fiber was applied 3 days before planting in both the test section and the conventional product section. However, according to the conventional wisdom, in the case of rice planting just before the beginning of summer like this example, the fiber should be prepared just before planting. When the quality is added, when the water temperature suddenly rises in the early summer, it is said to be an armpit because of the generation of hydrogen sulfide and methane gas due to anaerobic fermentation, which damages the roots and weakens the growth. I didn't. This is because the bacteria in the preparation strongly secreted lipopeptides and cellulases to rapidly decompose the fibrous material, and no harmful components were produced in the roots when the fibrous material was decomposed. In the conventional product area, armpits occurred in early summer. This is because the degrading power was weak and the fiber was not quickly degraded, and the harmful components were produced in the roots. Therefore, the growth was delayed, the division was much lower than that in the test plot, and the yield was also considerably low. Essential point: In the beginning of August, two months after the start of the test, we collected about 15 cm of soil from the surface of each ward, put 100 g of each and 400 ml of water in a 500 ml beaker, and stir them well. It was placed in a 5 × 30 cm graduated cylinder. Large soil particles settled quickly, but fine particles were suspended above. When the time until the upper 6 cm became transparent (clarified) was measured, it was completely clarified after 4.5 hours in the non-applied section and after 18 hours in the conventional article section, but even after 30 hours in the test section. I haven't clarified it yet. This indicates that the clay particles became finer and fine aggregates were formed especially in the test section. This is supported by the values of CEC and EC. Since the paddy fields contain a large amount of clay, the CEC values are high in all three plots, but the test plots are particularly high, which is evidence that the aggregate formation is particularly advanced.

Test Example 3 Example of soil improvement (Example of once used as compost) Target crop: Melon, Variety: Andes Bacterial preparation; Test section is the same as that of Example 2, bacterial preparation 3 is the same as Test Example 1 Use one. Other areas where the formulation is not applied Implementation period: Debris accumulation starts in the test area and conventional products are in early March and late February, respectively. From the beginning of September, the non-application areas
Cultivation started in early March in all three wards (Saitama prefecture) Implementation status: 4 tons of garbage, mainly vegetables and fruits generated in the central kitchen of the family restaurant, partially consisting of inedible parts such as fish and meat, were collected. (C / N
The ratio is 30-35 and the water content is 75-80%). On the other hand, the bacterial preparations were mixed well with 2 kg and 4 kg each and 40 kg of porous zeolite powder (pore diameter 3 to 30 microns), respectively,
They were mixed well with 4 tons of dust each and deposited in a conical shape on the concrete roof, covered with vinyl on the upper surface and isolated from the air. It was left as it was for 4 days and 8 days. In the non-application area, dust was deposited as it was, and the whole was well stirred every 2 weeks to improve air permeability and deposited for 6 months. The compost obtained here was directly put into a non-heated greenhouse-grown field at a rate of 4 tons / 10a, covered with 10 to 15 cm of soil, and immediately after that, melon seedlings were planted. Summary of results: Growth is good in each ward, 3 per melon seedling
Tailored to produce fruit one by one. Average weight per melon at the time of harvest in mid-June: Test plot 920g, conventional plot 908g, non-use plot 842g Sugar content: test plot 14.8%, conventional plot 14.4%, non-application plot 13.4
%. The test period is 4 days for the test plot and 8 days for the conventional plot, both of which are extremely short. However, when these bacterial preparations are used, the raw dust quickly ripens in the soil, and even at the early stage of ripening. Since it did not produce any harmful substances, the growth of melon was not impaired. Index; value at the beginning of June CEC: test area 10.5me / 100g, conventional product area 9.1, no application area
6.8 EC: Test area 1.8 ms / cm (1: 5), conventional product area 2.2, non-application area 3.2 Attention point: The test area is half the amount of the conventional product area and the first half of the growth even if the deposition period is shorter Although it was relatively cold, it was able to show a sufficient effect because this group of bacteria has a high affinity with soil, forms spores, is stable at low temperatures, and actively reproduces. is there. The point; the degree of soil improvement in each plot is judged from the CEC and EC values immediately before the harvest season. Since the greenhouse cultivation has been continued for several years, salt accumulation is progressing and the EC value is high in all three plots, but the test plot is considerably low among them. The tendency of the values of EC and CEC is shown in the yield and sugar content of melon.

Test Example 4 Example of soil improvement Target crop: Burdock, Variety: Mitoyo skin Skin cultivation period: Seeding in mid-October (3 days after application of the following), harvested in late June of the following year (Chiba Prefecture) Fiber; Test plot , Rice straw 300kg and rice husk 350kg / 10a in the conventional product group; urea for ripening; no test group, conventional product 4kg / 10a, other formulation-free area. Cultivated in sandy soil (a small amount of clay and difficult to form aggregates) in all plots Bacterial preparation; Test plot used bacterial preparation 4 in Example 2 and conventional plot used the same as in Test Example 1. The test area is 10kg / 10a,
The conventional product group is 20 kg / 10a Application situation: 50 kg of rapeseed meal, fish meal, bone meal, rice bran and soybean meal are added to 50 kg of the formulation in the test area, and porous (3
100 kg of green tuff powder (about 30 μm in diameter) is mixed well to adjust the water content to about 55%, covered with a vinyl sheet from above, and the test section is left at room temperature for 10 days. This measure allows bacteria to settle in the micropores of porous tuff. For conventional products, the amount of the preparation was doubled and the same measures were taken and the product was left for 20 days. The same organic fertilizer was deposited in the non-application plot for 3 months with occasional stirring. In this example, no chemical fertilizer was applied separately to all 3 wards. The above fiber and organic fertilizer are evenly spread over the soil and covered with 15 cm of soil. No fiber is used in the non-application area. Summary of results; Yield that could be commercialized: Test area 2.46 tons / 1
0a, conventional product area 2.34 tons, non-application area 2.15 tons. Index; value at the beginning of June CEC: test area 6.4me / 100g, conventional product area 5.2, no application area
3.6 EC: Test area 0.06ms / cm (1: 5), conventional product area 0.2,
Unapplied section 0.4 Note: part of the bacterial group died on the way because the cultivation period was relatively long and winter passed, and the conventional product group had poor stability of the bacterial group of the formulation in sandy soil. Therefore, the results were slightly inferior even if the formulation was used in an amount twice that of the test group with good stability. The point: The degree of soil improvement in each plot is judged from the CEC and EC values during the harvest season. Since it is sandy soil, CEC in all three wards
The value of is low, but the test area is quite high. This tendency is reflected in the yield of burdock.

Test Example 5 Example of soil improvement Target crop: rice, variety: Hananomai Cultivation time: rice planting in early May, harvest in mid-October (Yamagata Prefecture) Fiber; rice straw 580 kg / in both test plot and conventional plot 10a Urea for ripening; no test section, conventional product group is 4 kg / 10a Bacterial preparation; test section is bacterial preparation 5 of Example 2 and conventional product section is the same as in Test Example 1 The test area is 10kg / 10a,
Conventional items are 10kg (applied in April) and 20kg (applied in December). In addition, no preparation application area. Status of application: In the test area, the formulation was sprayed on the straw that had been left in paddy fields after harvesting the paddy in the beginning of December and left as it was (early mid-December snow, late December snowfall, mid-May snowmelt) April At the end of the day, dig down 10 to 15 cm with straw when scraping. 20
The conventional product section was applied in almost the same way. However, for this, urea 4
kg was given when scraping. In the 10 kg conventional product group, 4 kg of urea and urea were applied when scraping. No straw is used in the non-application area. Summary of results; Effective division per share: 22.5 test plots, 22.2 kg conventional product plot 22.2
Book, 10kg conventional product area 22.4, non-use area 21.0. Yield of brown rice: 620kg / 10a, 20kg, test area 612kg, 10kg
kg Conventional product area 615kg, non-use area 583kg. Thousands of brown rice weight: 22.5g in test area, 20kg in conventional product area 22.2g, 1
0kg Conventional product area 22.3g, non-use area 21.3g. Index; value at the beginning of July CEC: Test area 30.2me / 100g, 20kg conventional product area 28.1, no application area 23.1 EC: Test area 0.2ms / cm (1: 5), 20kg conventional product area 0.
3, Non-applied section 0.5 Note: In the conventional section, the vegetative cells were mainly exposed to the air, and some of the bacterial groups died during the winter, so when applied in December, 20 kg should be sprayed to achieve a sufficient effect. Was not done. In the test area, bacterial groups were hardly killed during the winter, so 10
Even with the December spraying of kg, the same or more effects were seen as the conventional spraying of 20 kg in December or the conventional spraying of 10 kg in April (they can be sprayed in December during the off-season, which is advantageous in labor allocation). . In addition, because the test plot uses nitrogen-fixing bacteria,
Urea for ripening was unnecessary compared to conventional products. Key point: Clarification time of soil in paddy field was not measured, but 8
When I walked through the paddy fields of each ward with bare feet in the beginning of the month, the test area had a soft and slippery feel, the 20 kg conventional product area had a slightly hard and rough feel, and the non-application area gave a hard and gritty feeling from the soles of the feet. From this feeling and the CEC and EC values of each section, this indicates that the aggregates were sufficiently formed especially in the test section.

Test Example 6 Example of soil improvement (example of utilization of bark compost) Target crop: tomato, variety: Momotaro Bacterial preparation; test section is the same as that of Test Example 1 for bacterial preparation 6 of Example 2 use. Other areas where the formulation is not applied: Deposition starts in early December in the test area, in early November in the conventional area, and in early September in the area without application.
Cultivation started in mid-February for all three wards (Shizuoka Prefecture) Status of application: Hardwood trees from pulp mills and sawmills
Collect 10 tons of bark of coniferous trees (a part of which is mixed with wood chips) and crush it to a length of several centimeters.
In order to adjust the ratio and make it easier to ripen, mix 2 tons of chicken manure, 1 ton of fossil shell powder, 1 ton of rice bran and 1 ton of okara with concrete tataki, and then add 10kg and 20kg of the preparation respectively.
Each well mixed (the water content of the whole mixture is 75%
Then, cover the upper surface with vinyl (without covering the untreated area as it is) for 3 months, 4 months, and 1 area for the untreated area.
It was deposited for 6 months a year (only this one is ventilated from the bottom with an air pump every month). Each of these was directly charged as bark compost in a greenhouse cultivation field heated only in the middle of November to the beginning of March at 3 ton / 10a, covered with 10 to 15 cm of soil, and immediately planted with tomato seedlings. Summary of results: Although the tomato entered the harvesting season from April, it was possible to economically harvest the 11th stage in the test zone until late November. Harvesting was completed on the 10th stage of the conventional product zone by the beginning of November, and on the 8th stage of the non-use zone by the end of September. Each bark compost was added in the same cropping pattern as above, and tomatoes were continuously grown in each ward in the same manner every year. Even after 7 years have passed, the test plot has not decreased its annual production. In the conventional products, the production volume in the 6th year was 12% lower than the average value up to the previous year. In the non-applied section, the production decreased by 22% in the 5th year, so it was converted to another crop after the 6th year. Index: Value in mid-May in the 5th year CEC: Test area 8.7me / 100g, conventional product area 7.1, no application area
3.7 EC: 0.8 ms / cm (1: 5) in the test area, conventional product area 1.8, non-application area 3.4 (value in the middle of May in the 6th year, CEC: test area 8.
4, conventional product section 6.4, EC: test section 0.9, conventional product section 2.0) Note: Usually, crops of the Solanaceae family such as tomatoes are vulnerable to continuous crop failure, and generally the same even when a large amount of compost is added every year. It is said that it is difficult to continue cultivating the soil for 5 years or more, but if a bacterial preparation such as the test area is properly used, long-term continuous cultivation can be performed without changing the soil, which requires labor during greenhouse cultivation. Is possible, which is very advantageous. Furthermore, in the test plot, the amount of formulation used once was half the amount of the conventional plot, and despite the fact that the bark deposition period was as short as 3 months even in winter, it was harmful to the roots during the process of ripening after being put into soil. Since no such components are generated, there is no harm in plant growth. This is extremely advantageous for both bark compost producers and growers. Key point: From the values of CEC and EC in the fifth year of continuous production, it is shown that soil improvement is insufficient in the non-applied plots and further tomato cultivation is difficult. CEC, E even if the test plot has been continuous for 6 years
C shows that the soil is still healthy. This is the background that enables continuous production.

Test Example 7 Example of soil improvement (especially in case of perennial crops) Target crop: pear, variety: Kosui Cultivation period: Permanent: Test section, conventional section, non-preparation section 20 5th grade (Ibaraki Prefecture) Fibers, etc .; digging four 60 × 70 cm octopus-type holes in four circles 2 to 2.5 meters away from the root of the plant, and the test section has 10 to 15 cm of twigs prepared per hole. Cut 6kg and 6kg cow dung just after being scraped out from the cowshed, add 70g / hole LP nitrogen fertilizer to N fertilizer,
In the conventional product section, 100 g of urea was added per hole. Bacterial preparation; the test section uses the bacterial preparation 4 of Example 2, and the conventional section uses the same as in Test Example 1. In addition, 150g / hole in the test area without preparation (applied once a year, application amount of preparation is 600g per share), the same as in the conventional product area (but twice a year, 1.2kg per share per year) Situation of application: In late November, the test area is sprayed with the preparation in a hole containing fibrous material, mixed well, and well suppressed and covered with 15 cm of soil. The conventional products were applied in the middle of September immediately after harvesting in the same manner as above (however, 6 kg of rice husks were used instead of twigs), and in the middle of March. No fiber is used in the non-application area. Summary of results; Yield that can be commercialized for the second year per 20 strains: Test plot 2.3
4 tons, conventional product area 2.24 tons, non-application area 2.04 tons. Average weight: Test area 293g, conventional area 288g, non-application area 274
g. Sugar content: Test area 13.2%, conventional product area 13.0%, non-use area 12.3
%. In the second year, the holes were dug out of the previous year, and both wards were treated the same as the previous year. Indicator: Value in July of the second year (near the hole) CEC: Test area 9.2me / 100g, conventional product area 8.2, non-application area 5.
8 EC: 0.3 ms / cm (1: 5) in the test area, 0.4 in the conventional product area, 0.8 in the non-application area. Attention; Results equal to or more than the results of applying the formulation twice a year in the conventional product area It was seen after one application. Moreover, although it is difficult to use twigs as fibrous material in the conventional product group, it was possible to use the woody material as fiber material in the test group. This is because the bacteria in the test area strongly secreted lipopeptide and cellulase, and decomposed wood that was difficult to decompose well. The point: Fruit trees are long-lived and have large roots, and it takes a relatively long time for soil improvement, but the results of CEC and EC in the second year show that soil improvement results are considerable in the test plots. This tendency is reflected in the yield and sugar content of pears.

Test Example 8 Example of deodorization (example of deodorizing manure and giving effluent from cowsheds to grass) Target: Dairy cow (Holstein) and grass (mixed sowing of clover and orchard grass) Test period: May to the following year Until April, the grass is perennial (Obihiro, Hokkaido) Livestock bedding; rice straw bacterial preparations in test plots, conventional product plots, and formulation-untreated plots; test plots are bacterial formulation 2 of Example 2, conventional products are Rizal C-20 , Total number of bacteria: 3 × 10 ⁸ / g, anaerobic bacterial preparation for deodorization, manufactured by Bio Rizal Laboratory KK.
Both the test section and the conventional article section contained 9 times the amount of porous material (3-30
It was mixed well with powder of zeolite (micron diameter) and sprayed on feces on the litter. Situation of application: The above-treated preparation is used in the test area in the stall floor 1
400 g was sprayed once per m ² every 8 days. In the conventional product group treated in the same manner, the same amount was sprayed every 4 days. Summary of results: Two weeks after the start of application in May, the stench in the barn disappeared in both areas. Concentrations of ammonia and normal butyric acid at a height of 1 meter in the central part of the barn after 20 days: test area (average value of 3 places)
2.5ppm, 0.001ppm, conventional product zone (average value of 3 places)
There was no bad odor at 3.5 ppm and 0.003 ppm. Non-application area (average value of 2 places) 17ppm, 0.03ppm, a considerable bad odor (ammonia does not have a bad odor at 5ppm or less). In the test plots, no flies were seen in the barn 10 days after the start, and in the conventional plots, no fly was seen after 2 weeks. Average annual milk yield per cow: Test area (92 cows) 39
The weight was 0 kg and the conventional product area (87 animals) was 382 kg. Both areas were 5.4% and 4.6% more than the non-application area (85 animals). Start application 3
After a month, when I pushed the end of the hose to pump the drainage into the drainage tank of the barn, the straw floating above the tank was completely softened, so drainage could be pumped out without difficulty. . The conventional products were almost the same, but it was difficult to pump from December to March. When this effluent was sprayed on the meadow as it was, there was no adverse effect on the growth of the grass. The same applies to conventional products. In the conventional product group, the smell of hydrogen sulfide was felt in the drainage tank from the middle of December to the beginning of March (0.01 ppm), but in the test section, the smell of hydrogen sulfide was not felt in December to March ( Not detected). In the non-application area, the stench of the barn was particularly strong in the summer, and straw surfaced in the drainage tank, making drainage difficult. When this effluent was pumped out and sprayed immediately, part of the grass became brown and the growth was delayed, and it took 4 months to become normal. It had to be left for another 3 months before it was sprayed on the grass and the damage disappeared. Point of interest; spraying to equal to or higher than that of the effect and the conventional product-ku, a formulation in the test group at a frequency of _^1/2 was observed. This is because there is a difference in the reproductive ability of the bacteria of the formulation in cow dung. The fact that there are no flies in the test area and the conventional product area is noticeable from the viewpoint of preventing livestock pollution. Main point: In the conventional product, the vitality of the administered bacteria group decreased in winter, so straw in the drainage tank did not soften and hydrogen sulfide was generated, but it was not observed in the test section. The increase in milk production in the test plot was due to the reduction of malodorous substances in the barn and the reduction of physiological stress (stress) on the cow.

Test Example 9 Deodorizing Example (Example of Deodorizing Feces and Applying Chicken Manure Compost to Crop) Target: Layered Chicken (High Line) and Cabbage (Mid-early Early No. 2) Test Time: October to May of the following year Until mid-November, harvested in late May of the following year (Saitama Prefecture) Livestock bedding; test plots, conventional product plots with sawdust, non-application plots with straw bacteria preparations; test plots and conventional plots Use the same. 1000 chickens in each of the 3 wards (flat house in a windowless poultry house) Application situation: The amount of the preparation prepared by the above-mentioned treatment per 1 m ² was 500 g, and the application frequency was the same as in Test Example 8. One month after the start of spraying in the poultry house, this chicken dung containing sawdust is scraped out, and immediately after that, 2 tons / 10 a is put in the field and covered with 10 to 15 cm of soil. Four days later, cabbage seedlings were planted. In the non-application section, chicken dung with bedding was piled up in a conical shape on the concrete tataki, left for 3 months with occasional stirring, and 3 ton / 10a was put in after almost ripe. Outline of results: The formulation was started to be applied to the poultry house in mid October.
Concentration of ammonia and normal butyric acid at a height of 1 meter from the center floor of the poultry house after 2 weeks: test area 2.0 ppm,
No odor was detected, and the conventional odors of 4.3 ppm and 0.0007 ppm were eliminated. Non-application area 7.5ppm, 0.03ppm,
I felt a bad smell. Average egg laying rate in the 6 months from mid-November to mid-May (7-12 months old hens): Test area 8
5.2%, conventional product area 84.9%, non-application area 83.9%. Average egg weight: 65.2 g in the test area, 64.1 g in the conventional product area, and 63.3 g in the non-application area. Yield of commercialized cabbage: test area 5.84 tons / 1
0a, conventional product area 5.61 tons, non-application area 5.12 tons, average weight: test area 1.54 kg, conventional product area 1.48 kg, non-application area 1.35 kg. Note: In the conventional product group, even if the formulation was applied twice as frequently, the eggs and cabbage obtained results that were slightly inferior to the test group. This is because there is a difference in the reproductive ability of the bacteria of the preparation in chicken manure. Main point: The total egg weight (spawning rate x egg weight) in the test area was 4.6% heavier than that in the non-application area. This is because the structure in which no odorous substances such as ammonia generated from poultry manure in the windowless poultry house is hard to evaporate into the outside air. This is because the chicken did not physiologically burden the chicken because it did not occur.

Test Example 10 Example of promotion of feed efficiency Target: Beef cattle, breed: Holstein steers Bacterial preparation; the same test section as in Test Example 8 was used. Other areas where no preparation is administered Implementation period: Late December to late March (Wakayama Prefecture) Implementation status: By-products such as skins (75% water content) generated from the tangerine juice plant (water content 75%) per ton on concrete tataki The formulation was added with 3 kg and 0.7% diammonium phosphate and mixed well, the upper surface was covered with vinyl and left as it was for 3 days. Immediately thereafter, an apparent weight ratio of 70% of the mixed feed for beef cattle and 30% of this lees was given to 10 cows each weighing 450 kg and freely fed. In addition, rice straw was also given ad libitum. For the non-administered area, take the same measures as above, and
It was left to deposit for a day. Summary of results: The body weight of cows in both wards was measured every 30 days after the start of feeding. Weight gain per day for these three months: 1.12 kg in the test group and 1.03 kg in the non-administered group. After 2 weeks from the start of feeding, the test plots had no bad odor of excreted feces, and after 1 month, the stalls had no bad odor (ammonia concentration 4 ppm). In the non-administered area, the odor of excreted feces continued (14 to 18 ppm). Feed efficiency; values for the last three months (feed is air-dried matter equivalent): test section 15.6%, non-administration section 14.3% Attention point: In the test section, spore-forming bacteria pass through the intestines of cattle Due to active breeding (especially in the large intestine), the stench of the feces disappeared. Key point: Feed efficiency was 9.0% better in the test plot. This is because the lipopeptide and cellulase producing bacteria promoted digestion of the roughage in the digestive tract in the test section.

Test Example 11 Example of promotion of feed efficiency (example of feed addition and administration of manure compost to a crop) Target: fattening pig (land race) and onion (Sendai Huang) Test period: From September to June of the following year, onion Is planted in late October, harvested in mid June (Miyagi prefecture) Livestock bedding; test plot is planed waste. Straw bacterial preparations are used in the non-administered area of the preparation; Situation of application: 0.1% of the formulation was mixed well with the mixed feed for pig fattening and fed. Pigs with an average weight of 60 kg were fattened and shipped for about two months in both areas. One month after the feeding of this feed, the test plot scraped out the pig manure mixed with the planks and immediately put it in the field at 2 ton / 10a, covered 10 to 15 cm of soil, and planted onion seedlings 4 days later. . In the non-administered area, the pig dung was deposited on the concrete tataki for 2 months with occasional agitation and composted to 3 tons / 10a.
I put it in. Outline of results: Almost all of the bad odor in the test area disappeared about 2 weeks after starting the administration of the preparation in September (ammonia concentration in the pig house 4 ppm after 1 month). Average weight gain per day for about 2 months: 739 g of test section, 702 g of non-administration section. Yield of commercialized onions: 5.88 tons of test section, 5.27 tons of non-administration section. Average weight: 395 g of test plot, 345 g of non-administration plot Feed efficiency; 25.7% of test plot, 24.4% of non-administration plot Attention point: The yield of onion was 3 ton / 10a of compost in the non-administration plot It was 14% lower than the test plot. The onions in the test plots had particularly hard balls and had extremely low germination during storage and excellent storage. This not only does not harm the roots, although the pig dung in the test area is not composted.
This is because it promoted soil improvement and had a positive effect on the growth of crops. Main point: Feed efficiency was excellent in the test plots by 5.3%. This is because, as a result of the active breeding of lipopeptide and cellulase-producing bacteria in the digestive tract of pigs, the digestibility of the feed was increased, and because the stench of pigs disappeared and the physiological burden (stress) on pigs decreased. is there.

[0049]

[Effects of the Invention] The effects of using this agent as a soil conditioner will be described first. Aggregate formation is efficiently promoted as seen in Test Examples 2 and 5. When the aggregates are sufficiently formed, the surface area of the particles is drastically expanded in the soil, so that the retention of the fertilizer component adsorbed on the surface is increased (increase in CEC). As a result, the leaching of fertilizer into the ground is reduced, the utilization efficiency and sustainability of fertilizer is enhanced, and the economic efficiency is enhanced. At the same time, the absorption of fertilizer by plants is enhanced and the growth is also vigorous. The results are comparable to the results obtained by adding conventional tonnage compost of several tons / 10 ares every year for several years in succession even in the field where this drug is used for the first time. This is a useful technology that is highly spreadable because the result of advanced aggregate formation, which can only be obtained by specially enthusiastic farmers known as serious farmers, can be implemented at the level of ordinary farmers labor-savingly and economically in a short period of time. Is.

As seen in Test Examples 1-5 and 7,
Most fibrous substances do not need to be deposited (composted) until they have been completely ripened for a certain period of time in another place, and seedlings or seeds are planted immediately after the fibers are ground into the soil. However, since the growth of plants is not hindered, equipment for a compost house and a period for deposition are not required, which is labor-saving and economical. Moreover, since the bacteria of this agent produce organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid when decomposing fiber, nematodes evade these substances when these organic acids are secreted into the soil. Therefore, damage caused by nematodes on the roots of plants is suppressed. From this aspect, it is also useful as a countermeasure for continuous cropping disorders.

If this agent is continuously used for 2 to 3 years together with fibers, finely decomposed products (humus etc.) of fibers are enriched up to 30 to 40 cm underground, and at the same time aggregates are formed. . As a result, water is supplied by capillarity from the water veins deeper under the ground through the gaps between the aggregates and is retained inside the aggregates.When the aggregates are sufficiently formed, the water retention capacity of the soil increases. As a result (which also means a more stable breeding ground for bacteria), the roots of plants are less likely to be exposed to drought, even during prolonged periods of drought. In addition, since the water around the aggregates has good water flow, it efficiently drains underground (improves drainage), so that even when there is a large amount of rain, the plants are less likely to be flooded. That is,
It is a good condition for plant growth. In addition, because the air around the aggregates is well-ventilated and the ions of the fertilizer components that are not adsorbed by the aggregates are reduced (decrease in EC), the roots of the plant grow vigorously in the horizontal and vertical directions. The area expands and root hairs develop especially. As a result, the ability of roots to absorb nutrients in the soil is increased, the growth of plants is increased, the foliage is developed and photosynthesis is activated, and the yield and quality of the product are increased.

Since the bacterium of this agent has a long life in soil, especially when used in combination with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rice husks, twigs, sawdust, wood chips, etc., which have a slow decomposition rate, and straw, which decomposes quickly, are used. Cellulase that is secreted in parallel with lipopeptide when bacteria and other substances such as straw are used as a substrate in the early stages of plant cultivation and woody substances are used as a substrate in the middle and later stages of planting, when introduced into the field in combination with As a result, the decomposition of those fibers progresses, and the secretion period of lipopeptide lasts for a long period of time, so in the case of perennial and perennial plants whose cultivation period is long, it is possible to exert a long-term effect. Combined with the combined use of the processed LP nitrogen fertilizer, the frequency of administration of the fiber and this agent is reduced, and the effect can be sufficiently enhanced if it is applied at most once a year (Test Example 7). In this way, according to this product, konjak, udon, which has a long cultivation period,
Even with perennial / perennial plants such as asparagus, fruit trees, tea, mulberry, and flowering plants of root-root grasses, it is possible to exert its effectiveness without much effort, so it is difficult for conventional products to exert sufficient efficacy. Even if it can be used effectively.

Since it has a long life in soil and is highly stable due to spore-forming bacteria, it is sprayed in late autumn or early winter during the off-season, and even after winter, it will be sufficiently effective after the following spring. Since it can be exerted (Test Examples 1, 4, 5, and 7), it can be effectively used even when it is difficult for the conventional product to sufficiently exert its efficacy, and it is also a useful material from the viewpoint of labor allocation. Furthermore, in Japan, in addition to wheat, cabbage, onions, and burdock described in the test examples, barley, Chinese cabbage, radish, spinach, lettuce, as main crops cultivated outdoors in winter.
There are green onions, potatoes, carrots, garlic, and peas, etc., and these can be sufficiently effective from the beginning of spring to the harvest at the normal use level by appropriately applying this agent before the winter season. Much more useful than the item.

This agent is highly effective under the condition that aggregates are easily formed in soil, but it is cultivated in soil with a lot of sand such as burdock root (Test Example 4) and Chinese yam, and pineapple from Okinawa and In the case of cultivation in red soil like sugar cane, it is difficult to form a place for breeding of microorganisms due to the small amount of clay or humus.
In such soil, if the fibers that slowly rot are added together and the bacteria of this agent are settled in the pores of porous powder such as silicic acid, they can be sufficiently effective. .

Since dusts derived from foods or food materials usually produce a bad odor during the process of ripening, it is difficult to treat them near a private house, but if this agent is properly used, most of them can be ripened. No offensive odor is generated, and even if the compost made from it is immature, no harmful substance is generated in the roots (Test Example 3). In addition, even when collecting dust generated at home in a municipality etc. and processing it in a large amount, if this agent is used properly, no bad odor will be generated, so it can be processed near a house, There is no need to ventilate or agitate during deposition,
The facility cost and maintenance cost are low, and even if it is not fully matured, it will not harm the roots even if it is put into the field, so the treatment will be completed in a short time and the area of the facility will be small, which is efficient and economical.

In the case of a fibrous material which is very difficult to ripen, such as bark (bark), it is usually necessary to deposit these ripening for a period of 2 years or more before the ripening is completed. Even if a microbial preparation is used, it is necessary to deposit it for more than half a year with aeration and occasional agitation, so very few high quality bark compost is available.However, if this agent is used properly, it will not harm the roots even if it is not fully matured. Since it does not exist, it can be put to practical use by depositing for 3 to 4 months, which is very labor-saving and economical (Test Example 6). For this reason, there is an advantage that the damage of the roots, which is often damaged in the case of greenhouse cultivation, due to the immature bark compost commercially available is not observed.

In the recent plant cultivation, there is an example in which only organic fertilizer is used (or mainly), but when it is directly applied to the soil, harmful components such as volatile nitrogen components are generated in the roots and productivity is increased. Since it decreases, it is customary to deposit organic fertilizer once for a certain period of time, like compost, and to put it in after the decomposition has progressed considerably. As described in the application situation of Test Example 4, when this agent is used together with an organic fertilizer, harmful volatile nitrogen components etc. are not generated in the roots even if the deposition period is hardly provided. Since the obstacles are not seen, it is labor-saving and economically useful. In addition, other anaerobic bacterial preparations have the drawback of being unstable when they come into contact with air, but since this drug consists of only spore-forming bacteria, even if it comes into contact with air,
In addition, since it has high stability and storage stability even in the coexistence with other substances, in addition to the method of separately spraying it on the organic fertilizer when applying it on the farm, an appropriate amount in the dry organic fertilizer is sold prior to the sale of the fertilizer. The effect does not diminish even if it is mixed in advance. Therefore, this can be integrated into a product and the purchaser only has to spray the fertilizer and this formulation at once, which is a labor-saving advantage. In addition, it is also possible to dissolve it in water before use and spray it.

Next, the case of using this agent for livestock production will be described. Almost no foul odor is generated in livestock when this agent is used properly. Therefore, it is possible to deodorize reliably at low cost, in order to prevent foul odor pollution at livestock farms caused by the proximity of livestock and private houses. It means that it is a different material (Test Examples 8 and 9). The bacteria of this drug do not produce components harmful to the roots of plants such as phenols and volatile nitrogen compounds, and they suppress the growth of bacterial groups that produce these substances in feces. It is almost not contained in the soil, and when the above-mentioned bedding and manure are scraped out of the barn, they do not accumulate for a certain period of time like normal compost, and even if they are directly plowed into the field without damaging the roots, It does not require equipment for a compost house, and does not require a period for depositing, which is labor-saving and economically useful.

Furthermore, when this agent is used in a cow house or the like, flies become inaccessible (Test Example 8). This is because volatile odorous substances such as ammonia are not generated, and this is also useful in preventing livestock pollution. Also, when using sawdust, wood chips, etc., which are difficult to ripen, for bedding,
It is necessary to deposit them for 5 to 6 months even in the warm season until they are completely decomposed and produce no harmful substances in the roots. Since this is extremely troublesome, it is rarely done in practice.Therefore, there is an example in which unripe fiber such as sawdust and wood chips and manure are put into the field in an unripe state, which causes an obstacle to the growth of plants. Extremely many. Therefore, this drug
In particular, since it is possible to quickly and harmlessly rot the bedding that is hard to ripen, a lot of manure is a source of pollution in the field of livestock production, while a good compost is not available in the field of plant cultivation. Under the current circumstances, it is a very useful material because it is a powerful means that can solve the troubles of both parties by solving them (Test Example 9).

Further, when an appropriate amount of this agent is put into the drainage of a livestock house or livestock, lipopeptides and cellulases are secreted into the drainage, so that straw etc. mixed in the drainage can be promptly released. As it is decomposed, the fluidity of the effluent is increased and it is easy to handle, and because the effluent does not contain harmful components to the roots of the plant, this liquor should not be left for a certain period of time, and should be immediately used for pasture and field crops. Even if it is sprayed on, the growth of the plant is not harmed (Test Example 8). This also means that it will be a useful means of eliminating the pollution of effluent from livestock. In particular, this product is a spore-forming bacterium and highly stable, so even if it is sprayed on a pen from late autumn to winter, the bacteria will not be killed until early spring, and the problem of malodor and drainage treatment will occur soon after spring. It is extremely useful because it begins to play an active role and exerts its effect (Test Example 8). Furthermore, when this agent is applied to livestock sheds, the bad odors in livestock sheds are reduced, and as a result, livestock do not inhale the malodorous substances, the physiological burden (stress) is reduced, and the egg production rate is high in egg-laying chickens (Test Example 9) In milk cows, an effect of increasing milk production is exhibited (Test Example 8).

The present agent exerts a particularly great effect when used as a feed for livestock when it is mixed with a rough feed having a high fiber content (Test Example 10), while the offensive odor of excreted feces is produced. Almost never. This point is also effective for livestock ingesting the compounded feed (Test Example 11), and since feed of digestive dysfunction is reduced, feed efficiency is promoted,
Since the viscosity of feces is also reduced, it is useful in treating feces and urine.

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Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus that produces lipopeptides having an action of lowering the surface tension of water and is capable of reproducing in soil in the presence of plant fiber under anaerobic conditions (hereinafter Lipopeptide-producing bacteria),
A soil-improving fungus that produces a cellulase belonging to the genus Bacillus or Clostridium that can be propagated in soil in the presence of plant fiber under anaerobic conditions (hereinafter referred to as cellulase-producing bacterium). Bacterial preparation. 2. The lipopeptide-producing bacterium is one or more bacterium selected from the group consisting of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, and the cellulase-producing bacterium is Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. , Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymixer, Clostridium cellulolyticum,
The bacterial preparation for soil improvement according to claim 1, which comprises one or two or more kinds of bacteria selected from the group consisting of Clostridium aerotolerance. 3. The lipopeptide-producing bacterium, the cellulase-producing bacterium, and a bacterium having a nitrogen-fixing ability belonging to the genus Bacillus or the genus Clostridium, which is present in soil in the presence of plant fiber under anaerobic conditions. A soil-improving bacterial preparation comprising reproducible bacteria (hereinafter referred to as nitrogen-fixing bacteria). 4. The lipopeptide-producing bacterium is Bacillus
One or two or more kinds of bacteria selected from the group consisting of Subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, wherein the cellulase-producing bacteria are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus
Licheniformis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus polymyxa, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerance, or one or more species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus azotofixans and Bacillus. 1 selected from the group consisting of macerans, Clostridium acetobutyricum, Clostridium pastureum
The soil-improving bacterial preparation according to claim 3, which is one kind or two or more kinds of bacteria.