CN106508488A - A special energy-saving solar greenhouse for facility fruit trees and a soil management method - Google Patents
A special energy-saving solar greenhouse for facility fruit trees and a soil management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508488A CN106508488A CN201610862698.7A CN201610862698A CN106508488A CN 106508488 A CN106508488 A CN 106508488A CN 201610862698 A CN201610862698 A CN 201610862698A CN 106508488 A CN106508488 A CN 106508488A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a special energy-saving solar greenhouse for facility fruit trees and a soil management method for solving the problem of successive cropping obstacles of facility soil. The special energy-saving solar greenhouse integrates the good thermal insulation performance of an earth wall solar greenhouse and the firmness of a brick wall solar greenhouse, is free of the problems that an earth wall solar greenhouse is liable to collapse because of poor firmness and the construction cost of a brick wall solar greenhouse is high, and solves the problem of insufficient thermal insulation and heat needing function of back slopes of conventional solar greenhouses; the sustainable development of facility production is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to protected fruit trees greenhouse result field, specially a kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse and soil
Earth management method.
Background technology
Protected fruit trees do not have special sunlight greenhouse structure at present, and the general facilities vegetable sunlight greenhouse structure parameter that borrows is built
Make.
Heliogreenhouse is divided into according to materials for wall:Cob wall heliogreenhouse, brick wall heliogreenhouse.Cob wall heliogreenhouse was built
Cheng Wei:The thick soil of one layer of 30cm is spread in greenhouse addressing plot, it is native to repave 30cm after compacting, then tamps, and is so repeated up to temperature
Sun-dried mud brick is dug out greenhouse structure with excavator by room design height.This greenhouse advantage is that construction cost is relatively low, heat-insulating property
It is good;Have the disadvantage that waste anthropogenic soil is more, the production of body of wall less robust, particularly protected fruit trees, summer generally requires takes off canopy, Shi Zheng
In value northern rainy season, rainfall is big and rainfall is very anxious, and body of wall easily caves in.Brick wall heliogreenhouse is typically thick 24 lis using brick twice
The body of wall of rice, apart from 30cm between twice wall, fills the light heat insulation material such as warming plate and slag between twice wall.This greenhouse
Advantage is that body of wall is firm, does not waste soil, has the disadvantage that construction cost is high.
In addition, the adverse grade thickness of most of heliogreenhouse is typically relatively thin, only 30-40cm, only with heat insulation function not
With needing hot merit energy.Insulation material daytime, in state is intervolved, intervolves process and often there is nonsynchronous situation, cause in addition
In production, Jing often occurs being incubated and is stuck in a distance from ridge high point 1-1.5 rice, as insulation material is light tight, seriously constrains
Adverse grade insulation needs hot merit energy, while also seriously constraining the growth that insulation material covers lower plant.
Continuous cropping obstacle is referred to and continuously plant same crop on one piece of field, causes plant root pathogenic bacteria, cause plant withered
Wither disease, leaf blight, the harm such as virosiss have a strong impact on the phenomenon of plant growth.Outdoor production it is general by the way of crop rotation come
Continuous cropping obstacle is solved, but the basic input under Protected Cultivation due to Facilities Construction is too high, be to pursue to withdraw as early as possible to fix
Cost input and obtain good economic benefits facility build up after be substantially always carry out production, not crop rotation.Existing utility soil
Under earth management mode, pest and disease damage starts to increase afterwards for general continuous plantation 3 years, continuous plantation 5 years pest and disease damage and fertilizers input afterwards
To greatly improve, continuous plantation can not be produced for 10 years afterwards substantially again, and mainly cause following both sides to affect:On the one hand
As the consuming cost that can not carry out production facility construction again is too high, per mu of ground is up to 10000 yuan every year, on the other hand continuous raw
Produce and will cause serious ecological persecution, the repairing efficiency after soil fail is oversize.If there is no good Soil suppressiveness, if
Apply production to will be unable to realize sustainable health development.
The content of the invention
In order to take into account cob wall heliogreenhouse good heat insulating, brick wall heliogreenhouse robustness preferably, evades cob wall sunlight
Room less robust is easily caved in, and brick wall heliogreenhouse construction cost is high;Improving existing heliogreenhouse adverse grade insulation needs hot functional development
Not enough;The sustainable development of furnished equipments is realized, a kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse is have developed and a kind of solution is set
Apply the soil management method of soil continuous cropping obstacle.
The technical scheme of solve problem of the present invention is:A kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse, the greenhouse is included
The two ends of wall, the Dong Shanqiang, west after having Dong Shanqiang, Western Hills wall, rear wall, the Dong Shanqiang, one end of Western Hills wall to connect respectively
Gable and rear wall include interior wall and exterior wall two-layer, and interior wall adopts reinforced concrete frame structure, adopts concrete block masonry in framework,
Exterior wall is to earth up on the outside of interior wall.
Further, Dongshan wall and Western Hills wall adopt reinforced concrete frame structure, below ground 0.8m to be width
0.4m, thickness 0.4m reinforced concrete circle beams, from greenhouse 3m, 7m foremost, are width 0.4m at 10m, and thick 0.24m armored concrete is vertical
Post, column top pour wide 0.24m using armored concrete, and thick 0.4m beams adopt concrete block masonry, thick 0.24m to adopt on beam in framework
With concrete block masonry, thick 0.4m, metope are ellipse arc, and earth up before wall width 3.5m;
Wall adopts reinforced concrete frame structure afterwards, and below ground 0.8m is width 0.4m, thick 0.4m reinforced concrete circle beams, rear wall
Two and centre set armored concrete pillar height 3m at 5m, and wide 0.4m, thick 0.24m, capital are connected with reinforced beam,
Deck-siding 0.4m, thick 0.24m are built in high 1.6m, thick 0.24m walls, framework with brick on beam and are filled with brick, and thickness is 0.24m, after brick wall
Earth up as triangle, high 4.2m, wide 3.5m.
Further, the rear wall and greenhouse foremost between be provided with arch bar, the arch bar is with a height of separation of ridge, front
Face arch section is arch bar I, and posterior slope part is arch bar II, and the rear wall extends upwardly to, institute concordant with arch bar ridge high point
State arch bar II tops, be provided with thickening adverse grade against the upwardly extending position of rear wall, the rear slope angle of the thickening adverse grade is 32
Degree, with rear 0.05m precoated plates bedding on arch bar, wall lays 0.2m thickness heat barrier foam plates rearward, between precoated plate and cystosepiment
Filling slag and plastic foam mixture, slag are 1 with foam volume ratio:1, top laying 0.2m thickness heat barrier foam plates, in bubble
Poured with mixed mud on foam plate, thick 10cm.
Further, the ridging is using soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies biology
Bacterial manure 0.5kg, Lumbricuss 1kg, by the soil for mixing pile up with outside rear wall.
Further, 0.71 meter from front wall on Dongshan wall at be door opening, gate-width 1.2m, both sides door opening body of wall is
0.24m, top are 0.1m solid cement plates, arrange 3 sects at door opening two and centre position.
A kind of soil management method of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse, when in greenhouse, soil is given birth to through one batch of fruit tree
In puerperal, greenhouse endosexine 0.4m soil is dug out by soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies biology
Bacterial manure 0.5kg, Lumbricuss 1kg, the continuous cropping after mixing is native to be exchanged with the ridging of rear cob wall.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Anthropogenic soil and rear wall ridging soil crop rotation in greenhouse, it is to avoid continuous cropping obstacle, guarantee plant sustainable development in greenhouse;Training
Soil is using soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes thing, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies bio-bacterial manure 0.5kg, Lumbricuss 1kg.To mix
The soil mixed is piled up outside rear cob wall.When in greenhouse soil after one batch of production of fruit trees, by greenhouse endosexine 0.4m soil
Dig out peace soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes thing, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies bio-bacterial manure 0.5kg, Lumbricuss 1kg.Mix
The native ridging with rear cob wall of continuous cropping afterwards is exchanged.As the soil volume of rear cob wall is 4 times of 0.4m topsoils volume in greenhouse,
Plus bio-bacterial manure and the collective effect of Lumbricuss, it is fully able to realize the sustainable development of hothouse production.Beneficial effect:Greenhouse soil
Earth is without the sustainable production of continuous cropping obstacle.
Brick clay composite wall:Body of wall is divided into:Interior brick wall, outer cob wall, interior brick wall arrange reinforced concrete frame structure, in frame
Brick masonry, outer cob wall is used to adopt ridging mode in frame structure.The setting of interior brick wall effectively prevent, traditional pure cob wall chamber facility
Cultivation of fruit tree summer causes the possibility that body of wall caves in due to a large amount of rainfalls, and it may be zero to cave in.By interior brick wall, outer earth wall construction
1.3 ten thousand yuan/mu are reduced relative to traditional pure brick wall structure heliogreenhouse cost, construction cost is slightly higher than pure cob wall heliogreenhouse
1000 yuan/mu.
Adverse grade thickeies, and insulation is pulled back;Slag and plastic foam mixture is filled between rear roofing and rear wall, and top is used
Concreting 0.1m is pushed up so that thermos cup divides in being positioned over TOC when intervolving state.Filling slag and modeling
Being mixed into for strand foam realizes rear roofing thickening, and the insulation for increasing rear roofing needs heat energy power.The setting on adverse grade top causes to protect
Temperature is moved after being obtained, and being prevented effectively from traditional greenhouse needs hot merit energy as insulation quilt cannot cause rear roofing play insulation to top
Situation.0.9 degree or so of warm average indoor temperature can be improved by the cooperation of two measures.
Description of the drawings
It is greenhouse profile shown in Fig. 1;
It is greenhouse gable profile shown in Fig. 2;
It is greenhouse gable outside drawing shown in Fig. 3;
It is greenhouse gable top view shown in Fig. 4;
It is greenhouse Western Hills wall profile shown in Fig. 5;
It is gable profile behind greenhouse shown in Fig. 6;
1- Dong Shanqiang;2- Western Hills walls;Wall after 3-;4- arch bar I;5- arch bar II;
7- reinforced concrete frame structures;8- columns;9- adverse grades;10- door openings.
Specific embodiment
The correlation technique content do not addressed below and parameter can be adopted or use for reference prior art.
Embodiment 1
A kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse, the greenhouse include Dongshan wall 1, Western Hills wall 2, rear wall 3, described Dongshan
Wall 1, one end of Western Hills wall 2 connect respectively after wall 3 two ends, Dongshan wall 1, Western Hills wall 2 and rear wall 3 include interior wall and outer
As existing booth, Dongshan wall 1 and Western Hills wall 2 adopt steel to the height tendency of wall two-layer, Dongshan wall 1 and Western Hills wall 2
Tendon concrete frame structure 7, below ground 0.8m are width 0.4m, thickness 0.4m reinforced concrete circle beams, from greenhouse 3m foremost,
It is width 0.4m at 7m, 10m, thick 0.24m reinforced concrete upright columns 8, column 8 are pushed up and pour wide 0.24m using armored concrete, thick
0.4m beams, adopt concrete block masonry, thick 0.24m to adopt concrete block masonry on beam in framework, thick 0.4m, metope are ellipse arc, before wall
Ridging width 3.5m, the height of ridging are high as Dongshan wall 1 and Western Hills wall 2, with Dongshan wall 1 and the height change of Western Hills wall 2;Afterwards
Wall 3 adopt reinforced concrete frame structure 7, below ground 0.8m be width 0.4m, thick 0.4m reinforced concrete circle beams, Hou Qiang two
And centre sets armored concrete pillar height 3m at 5m, wide 0.4m, thick 0.24m, capital are connected with reinforced beam, deck-siding
0.4m, thick 0.24m, are built in high 1.6m, thick 0.24m walls, framework with brick on beam and are filled with brick, and thickness is 0.24m, is earthed up after brick wall
For triangle, high 4.2m, wide 3.5m.
Ridging is using soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies bio-bacterial manure 0.5kg,
Lumbricuss 1kg, by the soil for mixing pile up with outside rear wall.
The rear wall 3 and greenhouse foremost between be provided with arch bar, the upper lower edge of arch bar adopts coating steel pipe, and wind up diameter
32mm, lower edge 25mm, from greenhouse, 1.3m scopes inner arc corner cut is 60 degree to arch bar foremost, is 30 from wall 1.3m thickness scope arc corner cuts
Degree, between arch bar and arch bar, spacing is 1m.Connected with abdomen muscle between upper lower edge, abdomen muscle diameter 10mm reinforcing bars, abdomen muscle is 60 degree
Angle.Away from front wall 1m, 3m, it is connected arch bar with pull bar at 5m, pull bar 32mm coating steel pipes.The arch bar is with a height of point of ridge
Boundary's point, before arch section be arch bar I4, posterior slope part is arch bar II5, and the rear wall 3 is extended upwardly to and arch bar ridge is high
Point is concordant, the arch bar II5 tops, be provided with thickening adverse grade 9 against 3 upwardly extending position of rear wall, the adverse grade 9 that thickeies
Slope angle is 32 degree afterwards, and with rear 0.05m precoated plates bedding on arch bar, wall 3 lays 0.2m thickness heat barrier foam plates, precoated plate rearward
Slag and plastic foam mixture is filled between cystosepiment, and slag is 1 with foam volume ratio:1, top laying 0.2m thickness is heat-insulated
Cystosepiment, is poured with mixed mud on cystosepiment, thick 10cm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse, the greenhouse include Dongshan wall 1, Western Hills wall 2, rear wall 3, described Dongshan
Wall 1, one end of Western Hills wall 2 connect respectively after wall 3 two ends, Dongshan wall 1, Western Hills wall 2 and rear wall 3 include interior wall and outer
As existing booth, Dongshan wall 1 and Western Hills wall 2 adopt steel to the height tendency of wall two-layer, Dongshan wall 1 and Western Hills wall 2
Tendon concrete frame structure 7, below ground 0.8m are width 0.4m, thickness 0.4m reinforced concrete circle beams, from greenhouse 3m foremost,
It is width 0.4m at 7m, 10m, thick 0.24m reinforced concrete upright columns 8, column 8 are pushed up and pour wide 0.24m using armored concrete, thick
0.4m beams, adopt concrete block masonry, thick 0.24m to adopt concrete block masonry on beam in framework, thick 0.4m, metope are ellipse arc, before wall
Ridging width 3.5m, the height of ridging are high as Dongshan wall 1 and Western Hills wall 2, with Dongshan wall 1 and the height change of Western Hills wall 2;Afterwards
Wall 3 adopt reinforced concrete frame structure 7, below ground 0.8m be width 0.4m, thick 0.4m reinforced concrete circle beams, Hou Qiang two
And centre sets armored concrete pillar height 3m at 5m, wide 0.4m, thick 0.24m, capital are connected with reinforced beam, deck-siding
0.4m, thick 0.24m, are built in high 1.6m, thick 0.24m walls, framework with brick on beam and are filled with brick, and thickness is 0.24m, is earthed up after brick wall
For triangle, high 4.2m, wide 3.5m.
Ridging is using soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies bio-bacterial manure 0.5kg,
Lumbricuss 1kg, by the soil for mixing pile up with outside rear wall.
The rear wall 3 and greenhouse foremost between be provided with arch bar, the upper lower edge of arch bar adopts coating steel pipe, and wind up diameter
32mm, lower edge 25mm, from greenhouse, 1.3m scopes inner arc corner cut is 60 degree to arch bar foremost, is 30 from wall 1.3m thickness scope arc corner cuts
Degree, between arch bar and arch bar, spacing is 1m.Connected with abdomen muscle between upper lower edge, abdomen muscle diameter 10mm reinforcing bars, abdomen muscle is 60 degree
Angle.Away from front wall 1m, 3m, it is connected arch bar with pull bar at 5m, pull bar 32mm coating steel pipes.The arch bar is with a height of point of ridge
Boundary's point, before arch section be arch bar I4, posterior slope part is arch bar II5, and the rear wall 3 is extended upwardly to and arch bar ridge is high
Point is concordant, the arch bar II5 tops, be provided with thickening adverse grade 9 against 3 upwardly extending position of rear wall, the adverse grade 9 that thickeies
Slope angle is 32 degree afterwards, and with rear 0.05m precoated plates bedding on arch bar, wall lays 0.2m thickness heat barrier foam plates, precoated plate rearward
Slag and plastic foam mixture is filled between cystosepiment, and slag is 1 with foam volume ratio:1, top laying 0.2m thickness is heat-insulated
Cystosepiment, is poured with mixed mud on cystosepiment, thick 10cm.
It is door opening 10 at 0.71 meter from front wall on Dongshan wall 1, gate-width 1.2m, door openings body of wall in both sides is 0.24m, top
For 0.1m solid cement plates, 3 sects are set at door opening two and centre position.
It is provided with aisle in the greenhouse, the aisle pours road surface width 0.8m far from greenhouse 0.5m foremost with mixed mud,
Thick 0.1m.Gutter is provided with the greenhouse, and against greenhouse foremost, with brick masonry, thickness is 0.06m in the gutter,
Gutter inner width 0.3m, deep 0.5m.
Canopy film:Using polyethylene coating type fog dispersal Anti-fogging Film, thickness is 0.12mm.
Other basic parameters:Wide 9m, the high 4.2m of ridge, 31 degree of roofing angle, 32 degree of the rear roofing elevation angle.
Embodiment 3
A kind of soil management method of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse, when in greenhouse soil through one batch of production of fruit trees
Afterwards, greenhouse endosexine 0.4m soil is dug out by soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies biological bacteria
Fertilizer(Such as:Agricultural university's board bacteria agent)0.5kg, Lumbricuss 1kg, the continuous cropping after mixing is native to be exchanged with the ridging of rear cob wall.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse, the greenhouse includes Dong Shanqiang, Western Hills wall, rear wall, described Dongshan
Wall, one end of Western Hills wall connect respectively after wall two ends, it is characterised in that:In the Dong Shanqiang, Western Hills wall and rear wall include
Wall and exterior wall two-layer, interior wall adopt reinforced concrete frame structure, adopt concrete block masonry in framework, and exterior wall is to train on the outside of interior wall
Soil.
2. a kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Dongshan wall and Western Hills wall adopt reinforced concrete frame structure, and below ground 0.8m is width 0.4m, thickness 0.4m reinforcing bars
Concrete collar tie beam, from greenhouse 3m, 7m foremost, is width 0.4m at 10m, thick 0.24m reinforced concrete upright columns, and column top adopts steel
Reinforced concrete pours wide 0.24m, and thick 0.4m beams adopt concrete block masonry in framework, thick 0.24m adopts concrete block masonry on beam, thick
0.4m, metope are ellipse arc, and earth up before wall width 3.5m;
Wall adopts reinforced concrete frame structure afterwards, and below ground 0.8m is width 0.4m, thick 0.4m reinforced concrete circle beams, rear wall
Two and centre set armored concrete pillar height 3m at 5m, and wide 0.4m, thick 0.24m, capital are connected with reinforced beam,
Deck-siding 0.4m, thick 0.24m are built in high 1.6m, thick 0.24m walls, framework with brick on beam and are filled with brick, and thickness is 0.24m, after brick wall
Earth up as triangle, high 4.2m, wide 3.5m.
3. a kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
The rear wall and greenhouse foremost between be provided with arch bar, the arch bar with a height of separation of ridge, before arch section be
Arch bar I, posterior slope part be arch bar II, the rear wall extend upwardly to it is concordant with arch bar ridge high point, the arch bar II tops,
The upwardly extending position of rear wall is provided with thickening adverse grade, the rear slope angle of the thickening adverse grade is 32 degree, is used on arch bar
0.05m precoated plates bedding afterwards, wall laying 0.2m thickness heat barrier foam plates, fill slag and plastics between precoated plate and cystosepiment rearward
Foam mixture, slag are 1 with foam volume ratio:1, laying 0.2m thickness heat barrier foam plates in top use mixed mud on cystosepiment
Pour, thick 10cm.
4. a kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:The ridging
Using soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes, and after mixing, per cubic metre applies bio-bacterial manure 0.5kg, Lumbricuss 1kg, will mix
Good soil pile up with outside rear wall.
5. a kind of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:Described Dongshan
It is door opening at 0.71 meter from front wall on wall, gate-width 1.2m, both sides door opening body of wall are 0.24m, and top is 0.1m solid cement plates, in door
Hole two and centre position arrange 3 sects.
6. a kind of soil management method of protected fruit trees energy-saving heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that:When in greenhouse, soil is passed through
After one batch of production of fruit trees, greenhouse endosexine 0.4m soil is dug out by soil and cattle manure volume ratio 5:1 mixes, per cube after mixing
Rice applies bio-bacterial manure 0.5kg, Lumbricuss 1kg, and the continuous cropping after mixing is native to be exchanged with the ridging of rear cob wall.
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CN202262293U (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2012-06-06 | 山东省蔬菜工程技术研究中心 | Multi-upright-column short-back-slope steel wood arch timbering sunlight greenhouse |
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