CN114457841B - Concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecological softening structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecological softening structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114457841B CN114457841B CN202210154210.0A CN202210154210A CN114457841B CN 114457841 B CN114457841 B CN 114457841B CN 202210154210 A CN202210154210 A CN 202210154210A CN 114457841 B CN114457841 B CN 114457841B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/022—Pots for vertical horticulture
- A01G9/025—Containers and elements for greening walls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
- E02B11/005—Drainage conduits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
- E02D2300/002—Concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0045—Composites
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details
Abstract
The invention provides a concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecological softening structure and a construction method, belonging to the technical field of ecological restoration. The retaining wall (1) and the greening sandwich layer (2) are connected and fixed by the anchoring connecting piece, so that the stability of the greening sandwich layer (2) can be ensured; the greening core layer (2) is provided with a plurality of planting holes (5) as a substrate for plant growth, and can ensure the growth space of plants such as vines, shrubs or small trees; afforest sandwich layer (2) surface and for compound reinforcement vegetation layer (3), compound reinforcement vegetation layer (3) by interior and outer vegetation surface course that is bond substrate layer, three-dimensional net in proper order and adds the muscle middle level and is furnished with the grass species, this layer not only can be connected with afforest sandwich layer's firm, can fix the vegetation soil moreover, guarantees vegetation's nutritional requirement. The structure can realize the quick greening of the concrete retaining wall (1), form a three-dimensional plant community reasonably configured by arbor, shrub, vine and grass, and ensure the ecological softening effect of the hard landscape of the retaining wall (1).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological greening, in particular to a concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecological flexible structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
The concrete retaining wall is the most common supporting and blocking measure in disaster treatment processes of collapse, landslide, unstable slope and the like at present, but the concrete retaining wall belongs to masonry engineering mostly, is grey in color and exposed vertically, and particularly in scenic spots depending on landscape landscapes such as parks, scenic spots, natural protection areas, natural dead areas and the like, and the sharp visual color of the concrete retaining wall seriously influences the integrity and naturalness of the strip-shaped landscape along a sightseeing road and the ecological beauty and harmonious beauty of the core card point with one-color landscape.
The existing vertical greening technology mostly adopts vine climbing and herbal flower plant hanging; the vine plants grow slowly naturally, the climbing height and growth vigor of the plants are limited, and the ecological beautifying effect of the retaining wall is limited.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105993673A discloses a vertical greening pile sheet wall and a construction method thereof, including a plurality of vertical retaining sheet walls connected between two anti-slide piles, a plurality of vertical planting grooves formed by combining a flange plate with an obtuse angle-shaped longitudinal section and a plurality of retaining sheets arranged horizontally in layers, a reversed filtering layer filled in the space behind the vertical retaining sheet walls, and a drain pipe matched with the planting grooves on each layer arranged on the retaining sheet above the planting grooves. The vertical greening sheet-pile wall enables the vertical face of the wall body to be subjected to huge additional stress, influences the stability of the wall body, enables the wall body to be deformed and even topples easily, and meanwhile, the vertical face outside the planting groove is grey in color, large in exposed area and capable of forming new visual influence. The assembled vertical greening wall disclosed in the chinese patent publication No. CN109122273A has too many plant growing grooves to weaken the structural strength of the wall and make the wall inconvenient to construct, and too few plant growing grooves to achieve the purpose of vertical greening.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an ecologically softened structure and a construction method of a concrete retaining wall hard landscape. The ecological softening structure provided by the invention has high stability and good greening effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecological softening structure, which comprises a retaining wall 1, a greening core layer 2 positioned on one side of the retaining wall 1 and a composite reinforced vegetation layer 3 covering the top plane of the retaining wall 1 and the outer surface of the greening core layer 2;
the greening core layer is of a slope structure, and the greening core layer 2 is in anchoring connection with the retaining wall 1 through an anchoring connecting piece 4;
the greening core layer 2 is a solidified structure of stone blocks and gel materials;
the surface of the greening core layer 2 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 5; the planting holes 5 are sequentially filled with a reverse filter layer and planting soil from inside to outside; the bottom of the planting hole 5 is communicated with the outside through a drain pipe 6;
the composite reinforced planting layer 3 sequentially comprises a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional net reinforced middle layer and a planting surface layer matched with grass seeds from inside to outside.
Preferably, the inclined edge of the greening core layer 2 forms an included angle of 75-83 degrees with the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the included angle between the side wall of the planting hole 5 and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees.
Preferably, one end of the anchoring connecting piece 4 is positioned in the retaining wall 1, and the other end of the anchoring connecting piece penetrates through the greening core layer 2 and is connected with the three-dimensional mesh reinforced middle layer.
Preferably, the main component of the gel material comprises glutinous rice glue.
Preferably, the components of the bonding base layer comprise soil and a glutinous rice-based ecological material, and the mass ratio of the soil to the glutinous rice-based ecological material is 100;
the components of the vegetation surface layer comprise soil, glutinous rice-based ecological materials and grass-shrub plant seeds, wherein the mass ratio of the soil to the glutinous rice-based ecological materials is 100:0.15 to 0.35.
Preferably, the inverted filter layer sequentially comprises a gravel layer, a sand-egg layer and a fine sand filter layer from bottom to top, and the mass ratio of the gravel layer to the sand-egg layer to the fine sand filter layer is 0.8-1.5: 1.5-2.5: 2.0 to 3.5;
the particle size of the crushed stone layer is 0.5-3 cm; the grain diameter of the sand egg layer is 0.2-0.5 cm; the grain size of the fine sand filtering layer is less than 0.2cm.
The invention provides a construction method of the concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecologically-softened structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Building the retaining wall 1, and implanting anchoring connectors 4 into the retaining wall 1 during or after the building process;
(2) Paving block stones on the side surfaces of the retaining wall 1, and embedding planting pipes and drain pipes 6 in the process of paving the block stones to form a greening core layer matrix;
(3) Grouting gel materials into the greening core layer matrix, pulling out the planting pipe before initial setting and after final setting of the gel materials to form a planting hole 5, and sequentially paving a reversed filter layer and planting soil in the planting hole 5;
(4) And a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional net reinforced middle layer and a vegetation surface layer provided with grass seeds are sequentially laid on the upper surface of the retaining wall 1 and the outer surface of the greening core layer 2.
Preferably, when the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer is laid, the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer is connected with the anchoring connecting piece 4.
Preferably, the method for laying the vegetation surface layer comprises the following steps:
and stirring and mixing the soil and the glutinous rice-based ecological material solution, paving the mixture on the surface of the three-dimensional mesh reinforced middle layer, and then sowing seeds.
The invention provides an ecological softening structure of a concrete retaining wall hard landscape, which comprises a retaining wall 1, a greening core layer 2 positioned on one side of the retaining wall 1 and a composite reinforced vegetation layer 3 covering the upper surface of the retaining wall 1 and the outer surface of the greening core layer 2; the greening core layer is of a slope structure, and the greening core layer 2 is in anchoring connection with the retaining wall 1 through an anchoring connecting piece 4; the greening core layer 2 is a solidified structure of stone blocks and gel materials; the greening core layer 2 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 5, one end of each planting hole 5 is positioned in the greening core layer 2, and the other end of each planting hole 5 is communicated with the vegetation surface layer; the planting holes 5 are sequentially filled with a reverse filter layer and planting soil from inside to outside; the bottom of the planting hole 5 is communicated with the outside through a drain pipe 6; the composite reinforced planting layer 3 comprises a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional net reinforced middle layer and a planting surface layer from inside to outside in sequence.
The retaining wall 1 and the greening sandwich layer 2 are connected and fixed by the anchoring connecting piece, so that the stability of the greening sandwich layer 2 can be ensured; the greening core layer 2 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 5 as a substrate for plant growth, so that the growth space of plants such as vines, shrubs or small trees can be ensured; afforest 2 surfaces of sandwich layer and add the muscle for the complex and plant living layer 3, the complex adds the muscle and plants living layer 3 by interior and be bonding basic unit, three-dimensional net in proper order outside and add the muscle middle level and be furnished with the vegetation surface course of grass species, should plant living layer not only can with afforest the firm connection of sandwich layer, can fix the vegetation soil moreover, guarantee vegetation's nutrition demand.
Above-mentioned structure can reach concrete barricade 1 and afforest fast, forms the three-dimensional plant community of arbor, irritating, rattan, grass rational arrangement, guarantees the ecological gentle effect of 1 stereoplasm view of barricade. The ecological softening structure provided by the invention can not only increase the reinforcing and protecting effects of the retaining wall, but also construct a long-acting and lasting three-dimensional green landscape, and realize ecological greening on the grey and abrupt retaining wall. Meanwhile, the ecological softening structure provided by the invention has the advantages of small floor area, strong flexibility, no limitation of landform and landform, low cost and suitability for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ecologically flexible structure of a retaining wall hard landscape, wherein 1-the retaining wall, 2-a greening core layer, 3-a composite reinforcement vegetation layer, 4-an anchoring connector, 5-a planting hole, 6-a drainage pipe;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pre-buried planting pipe and a drainage pipe;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the ecologically softened structure of the retaining wall hard landscape;
FIG. 4 is a perspective sectional view of the ecologically softened structure of the retaining wall hard landscape;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the process of embedding planting pipes and drainage pipes;
FIG. 6 is a view showing a real scene of planting soil and vines in the planting pipe;
FIG. 7 is a view of the completed plant vine;
fig. 8 is a real view of vegetation over time.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an ecological softening structure, which comprises a greening core layer 2 and a composite reinforced vegetation layer 3, wherein the retaining wall 1 is positioned on one side of the retaining wall 1, and the composite reinforced vegetation layer covers the upper surface of the retaining wall 1 and the outer surface of the greening core layer 2;
the greening core layer is of a slope structure, and the greening core layer 2 is in anchoring connection with the retaining wall 1 through an anchoring connecting piece 4;
the greening core layer 2 is a solidified structure of stone blocks and gel materials;
the greening core layer 2 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 5, one end of each planting hole 5 is positioned in the greening core layer 2, and the other end of each planting hole 5 is communicated with the vegetation surface layer; the planting holes 5 are sequentially filled with a reverse filter layer and planting soil from inside to outside; the bottom of the planting hole 5 is communicated with the outside through a drain pipe 6;
the composite reinforced vegetation layer 3 sequentially comprises a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional mesh reinforced middle layer and a vegetation surface layer provided with grass seeds from bottom to top.
The ecological softening structure provided by the invention comprises a retaining wall 1. There is no special requirement for the material of the retaining wall 1, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the retaining wall 1 is preferably made of concrete. The invention has no special requirements on the length, width and height of the retaining wall 1, and the retaining wall can be designed correspondingly according to actual conditions.
The ecological softening structure provided by the invention comprises a greening core layer 2 positioned on one side of the retaining wall 1. In the invention, the height of the greening core layer 2 is preferably the same as that of the retaining wall 1, and the width is determined by covering the front vertical surface and two sides of the retaining wall 1 along the trend of the retaining wall; in the present invention, the inclined edge of the greening core layer 2 preferably forms an angle of 75 to 83 degrees with the horizontal direction, and more preferably 76 to 80 degrees; the thickness of the top of the inclined plane of the greening core layer 2 is preferably 10-20 cm, and more preferably 12-15 cm.
In the invention, the greening core layer 2 is connected with the retaining wall 1 in an anchoring way through the anchoring connecting piece 4. In the invention, one end of the anchoring connecting piece 4 is preferably positioned in the retaining wall 1, and the other end penetrates through the greening core layer 2 and is connected with the three-dimensional mesh reinforced middle layer. In the present invention, the anchoring connector 4 is preferably one or more of a steel bar, an angle steel and a section steel.
In the invention, the greening core layer 2 is a solidified structure of stone blocks and gel materials. The size of the rock block is not particularly required, and the rock block can be selected according to actual use conditions, and as a specific embodiment of the invention, the length and the width of the rock block are independently and preferably 40-70 cm, and more preferably 50-60 cm.
In the present invention, the gel material preferably comprises glutinous rice glue. In the present invention, the gel material preferably comprises glutinous rice glue, sand, semi-hydrated gypsum, hydrated lime, natural water repellent and plant fiber. In the invention, the gel material preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-35% of glutinous rice glue; 20 to 35 percent of sand; 20 to 30 percent of semi-hydrated gypsum; 10 to 15 percent of hydrated lime; 0.15 to 0.2 percent of natural water repellent; 0.5 to 2 percent of plant fiber.
In the present invention, the surface of the greening core layer 2 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 5. In the invention, one end of the planting hole 5 is positioned inside the greening core layer 2, and the other end is communicated with the vegetation surface layer. In the present invention, the planting holes 5 are preferably arranged in a quincunx pattern. In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the upper and lower planting holes 5 and the distance between the left and right planting holes 5 are 60 to 120cm, the distance between the upper and lower planting holes is preferably 90 to 120cm, more preferably 90 to 100cm, and the distance between the left and right planting holes is preferably 60 to 90cm, more preferably 70 to 80cm.
In the present invention, the inner diameter of the planting hole 5 is preferably 16 to 32cm, more preferably 20 to 28cm; the depth of the planting hole 5 is preferably 10 to 20cm, and more preferably 12 to 18cm. In the present invention, the angle between the side wall of the planting hole 5 and the horizontal plane is preferably 30 to 60 °, and more preferably 40 to 50 °.
In the invention, the planting holes 5 are sequentially filled with a reverse filtering layer and planting soil from inside to outside. In the invention, the inverted filter layer preferably comprises a gravel layer, a sand-egg layer and a fine sand filter layer from bottom to top in sequence. In the present invention, the particle size of the crushed stone layer is preferably 0.5 to 3cm, more preferably 1 to 2cm, and the thickness is preferably 3 to 5cm, more preferably 4cm; in the invention, the grain diameter of the sand-egg layer is preferably 0.5-1.5 cm, more preferably 0.8-1.0 cm, and the thickness is preferably 2-4 cm, more preferably 3cm; the particle size of the fine sand filter layer is preferably less than 0.2cm, more preferably 0.1-0.19 cm, and the thickness is preferably 3-5 cm.
In the invention, 3wt% of organic fertilizer and 1wt% of common compound fertilizer are preferably mixed in the planting soil; in the invention, leguminous herbaceous plant seeds and/or semi-irrigation sub-irrigation type plant seeds are preferably mixed in the planting soil; the planting soil preferably fills the planting holes 5. In the present invention, the tops of the planting holes 5 are preferably covered with plastic-coated wire.
In the invention, the bottom of the planting hole 5 is communicated with the outside through a drain pipe 6. In the present invention, the drainage pipe 6 is preferably communicated with the gravel layer inside the planting hole 5.
In the present invention, the diameter of the drain pipe 6 is preferably 150mm.
In the present invention, the end of the drain pipe 6 is preferably wrapped with a non-woven fabric to prevent the crushed stone from blocking the drain pipe 6.
The ecological softening structure provided by the invention comprises a composite reinforced vegetation layer 3.
In the invention, the composite reinforced vegetation layer 3 sequentially comprises a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional mesh reinforced middle layer and a vegetation surface layer provided with grass seeds from bottom to top.
In the present invention, the components of the bond base layer preferably include soil and a glutinous rice-based ecological material; in the invention, the water content in the glutinous rice-based ecological material is preferably 28-45 wt%, and more preferably 30-40 wt%.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the waxy rice-based ecological material preferably includes: and pre-pasting the glutinous rice flour and water to obtain the glutinous rice-based ecological material.
In the invention, the pre-gelatinization time is 60-90 minutes, and the pre-gelatinization temperature is 80-90 ℃. The invention can ensure that the glutinous rice and the water are fully gelatinized to obtain the glutinous rice paste by adopting the pre-gelatinization temperature and time, and avoids the damage to the structure of the glutinous rice paste caused by insufficient gelatinization or excessive gelatinization of the glutinous rice. And stirring is continuously carried out in the pre-gelatinization process, the water level is ensured to be unchanged, the agglomeration of glutinous rice flour is avoided, and the full gelatinization of glutinous rice starch is facilitated.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the soil to the glutinous rice-based ecological material is preferably 100:0.2 to 0.4.
In the present invention, the thickness of the adhesive base layer is preferably 4 to 5cm.
In the invention, the three-dimensional net used in the three-dimensional net reinforced middle layer is a general plastic-coated net sheet, has no other special requirements, and can be a three-dimensional net known by the technical personnel in the field.
In the present invention, the mesh aperture of the three-dimensional net is preferably 1 to 2cm, and more preferably, the mesh aperture is 1.5cm or 2cm.
In the invention, the components of the plant growing surface layer material preferably comprise soil, glutinous rice-based ecological material and grass-shrub plant seeds;
in the invention, the plant growing surface layer material is not lower than the requirement of 'planting green soil' CJ/T340-2016. The mass ratio of the soil to the glutinous rice-based ecological material is preferably 100:0.15 to 0.45, more preferably 0.2 to 0.36.
In the invention, the water content of the waxy rice-based ecological material and the preparation method are the same as the above, and are not described again.
In the present invention, the thickness of the vegetation surface layer is preferably 8 to 15cm, and more preferably 10 to 12cm.
In the invention, the grass and shrub plant seeds are preferably one or more of grass plant seeds, leguminous plant seeds and shrub seeds. As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the grass of Gramineae is one or more of Festuca arundinacea, linnaeus, poa pratensis and Amymus formosanus; the leguminous herbaceous plant is alfalfa or white clover; the shrub is preferably one or more of Caragana microphylla, salix psammophila, artemisia sphaerocephala, artemisia dracunculus, fructus Hippophae, chenopodium album, maackia amurensis, lespedeza bicolor and amorpha fruticosa. In the present invention, the content of the seeds may be designed according to the content well known in the art.
The invention provides a construction method of the ecological softening structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a retaining wall 1, and implanting anchoring connectors 4 into the retaining wall 1 during or after construction;
(2) Paving block stones on the side surfaces of the retaining wall 1, and embedding planting pipes and drain pipes 6 in the process of paving the block stones to form a greening core layer matrix;
(3) Grouting gel materials into the greening core layer matrix, pulling out the planting pipe before initial setting and after final setting of the gel materials to form a planting hole 5, and sequentially paving a reversed filter layer and planting soil in the planting hole 5;
(4) And paving a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional net reinforced middle layer and a vegetation surface layer on the upper surface of the retaining wall 1 and the outer surface of the greening core layer 2 in sequence.
The present invention builds the retaining wall 1 and implants the anchoring connectors 4 in the retaining wall 1 during or after construction. The present invention does not require a specific method for constructing the retaining wall 1, and a method for constructing the retaining wall 1, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be used.
In the present invention, when the anchoring connection member 4 is implanted, the present invention requires the length of the anchoring connection member 4 to be determined according to the use position of the anchoring connection member 4, and requires the anchoring connection member 4 to pass through a prepared hole of the anchoring connection member 4 of the retaining wall 1 and to form a U-shaped anchoring head behind the wall.
According to the invention, the side face of the retaining wall 1 is paved with the block stones, and the planting pipes and the drain pipes 6 are pre-buried in the process of paving the block stones, so that a greening core layer matrix is formed. The method for paving the block stone has no special requirement, and the block stone can be paved by a method well known by the technical personnel in the field; the paving shape of the block stone needs to be consistent with the preset shape of the greening core layer 2.
In the invention, planting pipes and drainage pipes 6 need to be pre-buried in the process of paving the stone blocks. In the invention, the material of the planting pipe is preferably PVC pipe, and the outer diameter of the planting pipe is consistent with the inner diameter of the planting hole 5; the length of the planting pipe is kept to be the same as the depth of the planting hole 5. When the planting pipes are pre-buried, the included angle between the planting pipes and the horizontal plane is preferably smaller than the included angle between the preset planting holes 5 and the horizontal plane by 5-10 degrees, so that the angle deviation of the planting holes 5 caused when the planting pipes are upwards pulled out is compensated.
The invention has no special requirements on the way of pre-burying the drain pipe 6, and can be realized by using a way known by the technical personnel in the field. In the invention, before the drain pipe 6 is embedded, the port of the drain pipe 6 is preferably wrapped by non-woven fabrics.
The method comprises the steps of pouring a gel material into a greening core layer matrix, pulling out the planting pipe before initial setting and after final setting of the gel material to form a planting hole 5, and sequentially paving an inverted filter layer and planting soil in the planting hole 5. In the present invention, the water cement ratio of the gel material slurry at the time of the mortar bonding is preferably 0.3 to 0.5, and more preferably 0.4. The present invention does not require any particular manner of grouting, and may be applied in a manner known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the time for pulling out the planting tube is preferably 3 to 5 hours after the grouted, and more preferably 4 hours.
The invention has no special requirements on the mode of laying the inverted filter layer and planting soil, and the operation can be carried out by using a mode known by the technical personnel in the field.
The invention sequentially lays a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer and a vegetation surface layer on the upper surface of the retaining wall 1 and the outer surface of the greening core layer 2. In the present invention, the water content of the binder soil used in laying the binder soil layer is preferably 22 to 38wt%, more preferably 28 to 32wt%. When the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer is laid, the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer is connected with the overhanging anchoring connecting piece 4, and preferably, the hook is welded on two sides.
In the present invention, the method for laying the vegetation surface layer preferably comprises the following steps: and mixing the soil and the glutinous rice-based ecological material, laying the mixture on the surface of the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer, and then sowing seeds. The present invention has no particular requirement on the manner of sowing the seeds, and may be carried out using sowing means known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the maintenance method of the ecologically softening structure preferably comprises the following steps:
covering the composite reinforced vegetation layer 3 by using a greening non-woven fabric, and watering by spraying water every 3-5 days in the first month without timing and watering in rainy days;
when the height of the vegetation seedling is 3-5 cm, uncovering the non-woven fabric, opening and maintaining, irrigating once every 5-10 days, and specifically adjusting according to soil humidity and sunlight emphasis.
In the present invention, the specification of the non-woven fabric for greening is preferably 15 to 20 g/m.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The ecological softening structure shown in figure 1 is constructed by the following method:
(1) The concrete is used for pouring the retaining wall 1, the retaining wall 1 is used for preventing and controlling the hidden danger of the disaster of the certain geological place, and the mountain rock rolling or side slope crossing behind the retaining wall is avoided, so that the potential safety hazard of the road in front of the wall is avoided.
In the process of pouring the retaining wall 1, the anchoring and anchoring connecting piece 4 penetrates through the retaining wall 1, the length of the anchoring and connecting piece 4 is determined by different using positions of the anchoring and connecting piece 4 when the anchoring and anchoring connecting piece 4 is penetrated and blanked, the anchoring and connecting piece 4 is required to penetrate through a preformed hole of an original template tie bar of the retaining wall 1 and form a U-shaped anchoring head behind the wall.
(2) Adding water for three times according to the mass ratio of 1.5 of water to glutinous rice flour, carrying out hot melting at 90 ℃ to obtain glutinous rice glue, and adding sand, semi-hydrated gypsum, hydrated lime, a natural water repellent and plant fibers into the glutinous rice glue to form quick-setting or setting adjustable ecological mortar, wherein the mass ratio of the glutinous rice glue to the sand to the semi-hydrated gypsum to the hydrated lime to the natural water repellent to the plant fibers is 28%:31.7%:24.3%:14.5%:0.2%:1.3 percent;
constructing a slope body matrix by adopting rubbles of 30-50 cm, embedding a plurality of planting pipes in the construction process, wherein the planting pipes are arranged according to a quincunx S, and the distance between each planting pipe and each planting pipe is 80cm, and 100cm; the outer diameter of each planting pipe is 20cm, and the embedding depth is 15cm; the included angle between the side wall of the preset planting hole 5 and the horizontal plane is 60 degrees, and the included angle between the side wall of the planting pipe and the horizontal plane is 55 degrees when the planting pipe is pre-buried;
after the planting pipe is pre-buried, a drain pipe 6 with the diameter of phi 15 is pre-buried at the bottom of the planting pipe, the drain pipe 6 inclines downwards and extends to the outside of the slope body matrix, and the surplus length of 3-5 cm is reserved; the included angle between the drainage pipe 6 and the horizontal plane is 3-5 degrees, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the embedded planting pipe and the drainage pipe 6 is shown in figure 2, and in figure 2, (a) is a section view, and (b) is a front view;
(3) Embedding planting pipes and a drain pipe 6, then grouting the gel material, pulling out the planting pipes to form planting holes 5 before initial setting and after final setting of the gel material, and sequentially paving a reverse filter layer and planting soil in the planting holes 5; wherein, the inverted filter layer is from bottom to top: a crushed stone layer with the grain diameter of 0.5-3 cm, a sand egg layer with the thickness of 3cm and the grain diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, a fine sand filter layer with the thickness of 2cm and the grain diameter of less than 0.2cm and the thickness of 3cm; wherein the planting soil is common loam mixed with 3 percent of decomposed chicken manure and 0.5 percent of compound fertilizer by mass
And sowing vine seeds and shrub seeds in the middle of the plurality of planting tubes.
(4) Paving a 4cm bonding base layer, a galvanized iron wire net and a 3cm vegetation surface layer on the upper surface of the retaining wall 1 and the outer surface of the greening core layer 2 in sequence, wherein the bonding base layer is prepared by adding 24% of glutinous rice-based ecological material into soil and mixing the materials according to the mass ratio of 100; the galvanized iron wire net clings to the bonding base layer and is bound and connected with the outward extending through anchoring connecting piece 4; the matrix of the plant growth surface layer is obtained by adding a glutinous rice-based ecological material with the liquid content of 24% into soil and mixing according to the mass ratio of 100.3, the mixed shrub and flower seeds are manually sown on the soil surface, and the seeds are manually volatilized to cover the loam to form the plant growth surface layer.
(5) Covering the surface of the composite reinforced vegetation layer 3 by adopting a greening non-woven fabric, and watering by spraying water every 5 days in the first month (no need in rainy days); and when the height of the vegetation seedlings is 5-8 cm, uncovering the non-woven fabric, opening and maintaining, and watering once every 10 days.
The resulting ecologically softened structure is shown in top view in fig. 3 and in perspective cross-section in fig. 4. Fig. 5 is a process real view of pre-burying planting pipes and drainage pipes, fig. 6 is a real view of a planting pipe soil planting vine process, fig. 7 is a real view of a finished spray grass planting vine, and fig. 8 is a real view of vegetation changing with time. As can be seen from the figure 8, the three-dimensional structure provided by the invention has good effects of greening, beautifying and ecologically dispelling the wall, the wall can be integrated with the colors of the natural environment after 3 months, the vegetation landscape color and the natural succession habitat condition are still maintained after two hydrologic years, and the three-dimensional structure has good ecological landscape and ecological engineering values.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A construction method of a concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecological flexible structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing the retaining wall (1), and implanting anchoring connectors (4) in the retaining wall (1) during or after construction;
(2) Paving block stones on the side surfaces of the retaining wall (1), and embedding planting pipes and drain pipes (6) in the process of paving the block stones to form a greening core layer matrix;
(3) Grouting a gel material into the greening core layer substrate, pulling out the planting pipe before initial setting and after final setting of the gel material to form a planting hole (5), and sequentially paving a reverse filter layer and planting soil in the planting hole (5);
(4) Sequentially laying a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer and a vegetation surface layer with grass seeds on the upper surface of the retaining wall (1) and the outer surface of the greening core layer (2);
the paving method of the vegetation surface layer comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing the soil and the glutinous rice-based ecological material solution, spreading the mixture on the surface of the three-dimensional mesh reinforced middle layer, and then sowing seeds;
the concrete retaining wall hard landscape ecological softening structure comprises a retaining wall (1), a greening core layer (2) positioned on one side of the retaining wall (1) and a composite reinforced vegetation layer (3) covering the top plane of the retaining wall (1) and the outer surface of the greening core layer (2);
the greening core layer is of a slope structure, and the greening core layer (2) is in anchoring connection with the retaining wall (1) through an anchoring connecting piece (4);
the greening core layer (2) is a solidified structure of stone blocks and gel materials;
the surface of the greening core layer (2) is provided with a plurality of planting holes (5); the planting holes (5) are sequentially filled with a reverse filter layer and planting soil from inside to outside; the bottom of the planting hole (5) is communicated with the outside through a drain pipe (6);
the composite reinforced planting layer (3) sequentially comprises a bonding base layer, a three-dimensional net reinforced middle layer and a planting surface layer matched with grass seeds from inside to outside;
one end of the anchoring connecting piece (4) is positioned in the retaining wall (1), and the other end of the anchoring connecting piece penetrates through the greening core layer (2) and is connected with the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer;
the inverted filter layer sequentially comprises a gravel layer, a sand-egg layer and a fine sand filter layer from bottom to top, and the mass ratio of the gravel layer to the sand-egg layer to the fine sand filter layer is 0.8-1.5: 1.5-2.5: 2.0 to 3.5;
the particle size of the crushed stone layer is 0.5-3 cm; the grain diameter of the sand-egg layer is 0.2-0.5 cm; the grain size of the fine sand filter layer is less than 0.2cm;
the components of the vegetation surface layer comprise soil, glutinous rice-based ecological materials and grass-shrub plant seeds, wherein the mass ratio of the soil to the glutinous rice-based ecological materials is 100:0.15 to 0.35.
2. The construction method according to claim 1, further comprising connecting the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer to the anchor connector (4) when laying the three-dimensional mesh reinforcement middle layer.
3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the oblique side of the green core layer (2) and the horizontal direction is 75 to 83 °.
4. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls of the planting holes (5) are at an angle of 30-60 ° to the horizontal.
5. The construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main component of the gel material comprises glutinous rice glue.
6. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the components of the bonding base layer comprise soil and glutinous rice-based ecological materials, and the mass ratio of the soil to the glutinous rice-based ecological materials is 100.
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| CN201891130U (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2011-07-06 | 付婷 | Flexible precast block retaining wall structure |
| CN102677684B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-07-16 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Spraying and sowing greening method for concrete anchoring and shotcreting slope |
| CN103243739A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-14 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Reinforced retaining wall ecological panel structure with self-interlocking function |
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