CN115413549A

CN115413549A - Planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles

Info

Publication number: CN115413549A
Application number: CN202211234081.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄伟波; 汪琳
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-10-10
Filing date: 2022-10-10
Publication date: 2022-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-10
Also published as: CN115413549B

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles, which relates to the technical field of ginger planting, and adopts the technical scheme that the planting method comprises the following steps: s1, seed soaking induction: selecting qualified ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in a diluent for 10min, wherein the diluent comprises the following components: the fertilizer comprises a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer; s2, soil remediation and replacement: applying 750 kilograms of microbial agents to the soil at the bottom of each mu of the ditch to repair the soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil with the soil at the bottom of the ditch; s3, accurate nutrition: according to the growth cycle of the ginger, carrying out corresponding nutrition in the germination period, the seedling period and the growth period of the ginger; s4, system plant protection: preventing diseases of leaves and underground parts of ginger and preventing pests on the ground and underground parts.

Description

Planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ginger planting, in particular to a planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles.

Background

China is the country with the most total ginger yield in the world and is also one of the export big countries of ginger. However, in the actual planting process of the ginger, after the same plot is continuously produced for three to four years, the production is severely restricted by soil continuous cropping obstacles caused by soil-borne diseases and insect pests, and the negative chain reactions such as low scale, increased investment, reduced quality and the like caused by the soil-borne diseases and insect pests become the main contradictions which plague the development of the ginger industry at present. After the ginger farmers plant the ginger in the local places for three to four years, the ginger farmers are forced to leave the local places to rent new stubble places, and then the ginger farmers change the places again, so that the production cost is increased due to factors such as the rise of the land rent, the increase of the transportation cost, the increase of the labor cost and the like, and the ginger farmers can lose the effect slightly by carelessness. Because the new stubble land is limited and the industrial transfer phenomenon in the area is serious, ginger farmers face the embarrassing situation that the planting does not have the land, enterprises attached to the ginger industry chain, such as processing, circulating transportation, production data service and the like face the failure, and the whole ginger industry is stranded due to the restriction of continuous operation obstacle.

In the prior patent application with the reference application publication number of CN 107226766A, cow dung, monopotassium phosphate, urea, watermelon peel, phosphogypsum, vermiculite powder, plant ash, gossypol acetate, an additive, a traditional Chinese medicine additive and organic bentonite are adopted as raw materials to prepare the special fertilizer for ginger through reasonable compatibility, so that the disease resistance of the ginger in the seedling stage is improved, and the harm of pests to ginger seedlings is reduced.

Prior reference to patent application publication No. CN105218214B, a conditioner for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of ginger and a method for applying the same are disclosed, wherein the conditioner comprises the following raw materials: 3-8% of phenylalanine, 0.5-1.5% of ferulic acid ester, 0.5-1.5% of caffeic acid, 0.5-1.5% of isoeugenol, 0.5-3% of salicylic acid, 0.5-3% of chitosan, 1-3% of borax, 2-5% of zinc sulfate, 2-5% of magnesium sulfate, 3-10% of ethanol, 1-4% of anhydrous acetic acid and 60-85% of water.

In the prior art, patent application publication No. CN 103194405B can be referred to, and discloses a growth-promoting bacterium for promoting the growth of ginger and preventing and controlling continuous cropping ginger soil-borne wilt and a microbial organic fertilizer thereof.

At present, measures aiming at ginger continuous cropping obstacles are relatively simple and fragmented, fertilizers, medicines or single technical measures are generally used, the occurrence degree of the ginger continuous cropping obstacles can only be reduced or relieved, the problem cannot be fundamentally solved, and the continuous planting of the ginger on the same plot for many years cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles, which can realize the yield increase and income increase of ginger continuous cropping.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps:

s1, seed soaking induction: selecting qualified broken ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in a diluent for 10min, wherein the diluent comprises: the fertilizer comprises a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer;

s2, soil remediation and replacement: applying 750 kilograms of microbial agents to the soil at the bottom of each mu of the ditch to repair the soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil with the soil at the bottom of the ditch;

s3, accurate nutrition: according to the growth period of the ginger, carrying out corresponding nutrition in the germination period, the seedling period and the growth period of the ginger; wherein, the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and the micromolecule nano polypeptide powder are applied along with drip irrigation in the seedling stage according to the month, and macroelements are supplemented; in the growth period, according to the month, a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied along with water, a microbial agent is used in combination with big hilling, and trace elements and nano polypeptide powder are applied along with water;

s4, system plant protection: preventing diseases of leaves and underground parts of ginger and preventing pests on the ground and underground parts.

By adopting the technical scheme, the ginger seeds can be sterilized, killed, disinfected and induced by soaking in the diluent, so that harmful bacteria on the surfaces of the ginger seeds are killed, the ginger seeds are not infected by the harmful bacteria, the control effect of soil-borne diseases is directly improved, the ginger seeds have the effects of resisting diseases and preventing insects, ginger buds are promoted to germinate and thicken, and the activity degree of the activity of the ginger seeds is induced and stimulated, so that the activity of the ginger seeds is improved, the autoimmunity of the ginger seeds is established, and the infection of the ginger seeds for resisting plant diseases and insect pests is greatly improved; applying a microbial agent to a planting field, so that the soil can be loosened, the fertilizer and water retention capacity can be improved, excessive salt can be adsorbed, and the pH value of the soil can be adjusted in a bidirectional manner; the root system is guided to grow and develop and the secretion of chitin is promoted, so that pathogenic microorganisms are resisted, root rot of dead plants is prevented, a soil ecosystem is restored, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is reduced; in the accurate nutrition step, macroelements, microelements and nano-polypeptide powder are applied according to the growth cycle of the ginger, so that nutrients can be provided for the growth of the ginger, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in soil is inhibited, the temperature of the soil is adjusted, and the high-temperature and drought resistance of the soil is enhanced; the systemic plant protection prevents diseases and pests from leaf and underground diseases and on the ground and underground pests; by adopting the technical scheme, the ginger can be continuously planted in the same land for many years, continuous cropping obstacles are solved, standardized, modularized and flow field management is realized, blind investment is further reduced, planting cost is reduced, and low-carbon green sustainable production is realized.

Further, the diluent comprises 1% of a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5% of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.1% of a second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer.

By adopting the technical scheme, 1% of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5% of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.1% of the second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are used for the ginger seeds, so that harmful bacteria on the surfaces of the ginger seeds can be killed, the ginger seeds are prevented from being infected by the harmful bacteria, the activity of the ginger seeds is stimulated, and the capability of the ginger seeds in resisting infection of diseases and insect pests is improved.

Further, the application ratio of the 1% of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, the 0.5% of the macroelement-containing water-soluble fertilizer and the 0.1% of the second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 1.

Further, the microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus mucilaginosus.

By adopting the technical scheme, the microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus mucilaginosus, has strong adsorption capacity of the nano-scale carbon tubes, has effective viable bacteria of more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, loosens the soil and adsorbs excessive salt, recovers a soil ecosystem and reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

Further, the microbial agent regulates the pH value of the soil to be 6-6.5.

By adopting the technical scheme, the soil is suitable for the growth of the ginger, the growth and development of the root system of the ginger are guided, and the root system of the ginger is promoted to secrete chitin, so that pathogenic microorganisms are resisted, and root rot of the ginger is prevented.

Further, the accurate nutrition at the seedling stage includes: in ten days of 5 months, 1000 ml of first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 20 kg of nano-polypeptide powder are applied along with drip irrigation; 10 kilograms of potassium nitrate with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 20 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent respectively is applied to the acre in the middle ten days of the month 5; applying nutrition in the first ten days of 6 months, performing small hilling in the last 6 days of months, and applying nutrition in the middle 5 days of months; the soil is cultivated twice in 7 months, and 20 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively applied to 20 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent potassium nitrate are respectively applied to each mu.

By adopting the technical scheme, because accurate nutrition is applied in the seedling stage, the ginger grows for 5 months to supplement macroelements and microelements, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in soil is inhibited; the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and the nano-polypeptide powder applied in 6 months can adjust the soil temperature, enhance the high-temperature drought-resistant capacity of ginger plants, and promote the rapid growth of ginger stem leaves and ginger block expansion; the macroelements and the microelements needed by the ginger are ensured in the vigorous growth period of the ginger in 7 months.

Furthermore, the amino acid content of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the zinc, boron and molybdenum content of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 20g/L; the phosphorus content of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 525g/L, and the potassium content of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 275g/L; the amino acid content of the second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the content of zinc, boron and molybdenum is more than or equal to 20g/L.

By adopting the technical scheme, the diluent can sterilize, kill insects, disinfect and induce ginger seeds, kill harmful bacteria on the surfaces of the ginger seeds, prevent the ginger seeds from being infected by harmful bacteria, directly improve the control effect of soil-borne diseases, have the effects of resisting diseases and preventing insects, promote ginger buds to germinate and thicken, and simultaneously induce and stimulate the activity degree of the activity of the ginger seeds, so that the activity of the ginger seeds is improved, the autoimmunity of the ginger seeds is established, and the infection of the ginger seeds for resisting plant diseases and insect pests is greatly improved.

Furthermore, humic acid in the nano-polypeptide powder is more than or equal to 3 percent, and nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are more than or equal to 20 percent.

Further, the ginger leaf disease prevention method comprises but is not limited to the application of 1000-fold liquid spray of 10% difenoconazole water dispersant for each mu, the application of 1000-fold liquid spray of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent for each mu, and the alternate application of the two.

By adopting the technical scheme, diseases such as anthracnose, bacterial blight, leaf spot and the like of the leaves can be prevented.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method starts with main factors influencing soil continuous cropping obstacles through steps of induction, rhizosphere soil replacement, accurate nutrition and systematic plant protection, optimizes the physical structure, chemical structure and microecological structure of the planting soil by taking a root life community as a support, realizes accurate nutrition and systematic plant protection of the whole life cycle of the ginger, realizes that the ginger in the same plot can be continuously planted in a plurality of parts, reduces the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for each mu for more than 700 parts, increases the yield by more than 500 kg, achieves the yield per mu for more than 5500 kg, increases the benefit by more than 4000 parts, solves the problems of frequent land replacement, blind input and area source pollution caused by the ginger soil continuous cropping obstacles, and provides a feasible application path for green sustainable development of the ginger industry.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of the growth rate of ginger produced by the present method (right side) and ginger produced by the general method (left side).

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The starting materials in the following examples are all commercially available.

The technical indexes of the following raw materials are as follows:

the amino acid content of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the zinc, boron and molybdenum content of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 20g/L; the phosphorus content of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 525g/L, and the potassium content of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 275g/L; the amino acid content of the second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the content of zinc, boron and molybdenum is more than or equal to 20g/L; the microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus jelly; the humic acid in the nano-polypeptide powder is more than or equal to 3 percent, and the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide and the potassium oxide are more than or equal to 20 percent.

Example one

S1, seed soaking induction

Selecting qualified ginger seeds, and putting the ginger seeds into a container prepared from 1% of a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5% of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.1% of a second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 1:1: soaking the diluted solution prepared by the volume ratio of 1 in a diluent for 10min, and performing sterilization, disinsection, disinfection and induction treatment;

s2, soil remediation and replacement

Applying 750 kilograms of microbial agents to the soil on the bottom of the ditch for remediation treatment, fully and uniformly mixing the microbial agents with the soil on the bottom of the ditch, adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 6-6.5, wherein the microbial agents comprise bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus mucilaginosus, and the effective viable bacteria are more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/gram;

s3, accurate nutrition: according to the growth period of the ginger, carrying out corresponding nutrition in the germination period, the seedling period and the growth period of the ginger;

wherein, in the seedling stage:

in the last ten days of 5 months, 1000 milliliters of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 20 kilograms of nano-polypeptide powder are applied to each mu along with drip irrigation, so that the tillering capability of the root system is improved, the resistance of the root system is induced, the nutrition is rapidly supplemented, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in the soil is inhibited;

in 5-month middle ten days, 10 kg of potassium nitrate with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 20 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent respectively is used for supplementing macroelements for each mu.

In the last ten days of 6 months, 1000 milliliters of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 10 kilograms of nano-polypeptide powder are applied to each acre along with drip irrigation, the soil temperature is adjusted, and the high-temperature drought adaptability of the plants is enhanced.

In late 6 months, 10 kg of potassium nitrate with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 20 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent are respectively used in combination with small hilling acres.

In 7-month middle ten days, 20 kilograms of nitrogen, 20 kilograms of phosphorus and 20 kilograms of potassium nitrate are respectively used in combination with the secondary ridging acre;

in the growth period:

in late 7 months, 1000 ml of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied to each mu along with water, and 250 kg of microbial inoculum is used in combination with large hilling acre.

In the last 9 months, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in acre are respectively 14 percent, 6 percent and 40 percent along with water, 40 kilograms of potassium nitrate containing trace elements and 10 kilograms of nano-polypeptide powder are applied;

s4, system plant protection: preventing diseases of leaves and underground and pests on the ground and underground;

wherein, the 10 percent difenoconazole water dispersant 1000-fold liquid or the 25 percent pyraclostrobin suspending agent 1000-fold liquid or the two are alternately sprayed for use in preventing the leaf diseases per mu; can be compounded with 800 times of 3 percent of zhongshengmycin wettable powder to prevent bacterial diseases such as leaf blight, leaf spot and the like;

underground disease prevention: through S1 seed soaking induction, S2 soil restoration and replacement and S3 accurate nutrition, the prevention of root rot, stem rot and ginger blast is realized; root rot is a fungal root rot disease caused by pythium colonization; the stem rot is also called ginger neck rot and is a fungal disease caused by fusarium oxysporum; ginger blast, also known as ginger rot disease, is a bacterial venereal disease caused by pseudomonas solanacearum; the ginger has continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon which is mainly caused by the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria base number caused by the three diseases;

prevention of pests on the ground: 3000 times of 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent is used for preventing and treating thrips and borer larvae per mu, 3000 times of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granule is used for preventing and treating thrips and borer instars per mu, 3000 times of 5% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent and 1500 times of 12% alpha-chlorfenapyr suspending agent are alternately used for 7-10 days, and beet armyworm and cabbage caterpillar are continuously prevented and treated for 2 times;

underground pest prevention: when sowing, 500 ml of 50% phoxim missible oil is used per mu and is evenly mixed with 50 kg of soil to be scattered into the ditch; 2 kilograms of 1.8 percent abamectin is dripped with water in the seedling stage; in the two stages of small ridging and large ridging, 500 ml of 50% phoxim missible oil is dripped with water per mu;

underground root-knot nematode prevention: when in sowing, 2 kilograms of 20 percent fosthiazate aqua and 50 kilograms of soil are uniformly mixed in each mu of the ditch and then are scattered into the ditch; after membrane removal, small ridging and large ridging, 2 kilograms of 20% fosthiazate aqua is applied along with water or drop irrigation in combination with watering per mu.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that no seed soaking induction.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 1 is that no microbial agent was applied and the soil pH was 5.

Comparative example 3

The difference from example 1 is that no microbial agent was applied and the soil pH was 7.5.

The ginger per unit area data for each example and comparative example are summarized in Table 1.

TABLE 1 acre yields of ginger in examples and comparative examples

As can be seen from the table 1, the fresh ginger produced by the method has relatively stable yield per mu, generally, the yield per mu is kept to 5500 kilograms per year, and the soil can be continuously used for many years; the yield of the fresh ginger produced by the general method per mu is relatively high on a new stubble field in the first year, but the yield gradually decreases with the increase of planting years, particularly, after the third year, the yield is greatly reduced due to serious accumulation of soil germs, the yield is reduced in a cliff-breaking manner in the fourth year, and the soil in the fifth year has no utilization value.

The results of gingerol detection in gingers of each example and comparative example are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 content of gingerol in ginger of examples and comparative examples

Group of	Year one	The second year	The third year	In the fourth year	In the fifth year
						Example 1	2.53	2.58	2.66	2.68	2.68
Comparative example 1	2.24	2.08	1.96	1.87	1.66
						Comparative example 2	2.31	2.26	2.05	1.94	1.74

From 1 and table 2, the content of gingerol produced by the method tends to be stable, because the formation of gingerol is related to the stability of physical structure, chemical structure and ecological structure of soil, which shows that the method is very significant for improving soil structure; the content of gingerol in ginger produced by using a common method is reduced year by year because the unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has great destructiveness on soil structures, the soil is deteriorated, and the formation of gingerol is further influenced.

Claims

1. A planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, seed soaking induction: selecting qualified ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in a diluent for 10min, wherein the diluent comprises the following components: the fertilizer comprises a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and a second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer;

s2, soil remediation and replacement: applying 750 kilograms of microbial agents to the soil at the bottom of each mu of the ditch to repair the soil, adjusting the pH value of the soil and fully and uniformly mixing the soil with the soil at the bottom of the ditch;

s3, accurate nutrition: according to the growth cycle of the ginger, carrying out corresponding nutrition in the germination period, the seedling period and the growth period of the ginger; wherein, the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and the micromolecule nano polypeptide powder are applied in the seedling stage along with drip irrigation according to months, and macroelements are supplemented; in the growth period, according to the month, a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied along with water, a microbial agent is used in combination with big hilling, and trace elements and nano polypeptide powder are applied along with water;

2. The planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein the dilution solution comprises 1% of a first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5% of a macroelement-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 0.1% of a second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer.

3. The planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 2, wherein the application ratio of the 1% first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, the 0.5% macroelement-containing water-soluble fertilizer and the 0.1% second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is 1.

4. The planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus mucilaginosus.

5. The planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent adjusts the pH value of soil to 6-6.5.

6. The planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the accurate nutrition in the seedling stage comprises: in the last ten days of 5 months, 1000 milliliters of first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 20 kilograms of nano-polypeptide powder are applied to the acre along with drip irrigation; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in 5-month middle ten days are respectively 20%, 20% and 10 kg of 20% potassium nitrate; applying nutrition in the first ten days of 6 months, slightly hilling in the first 6 months and applying nutrition in the middle 5 months; the soil is cultivated twice in 7 months, and 20 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively applied to 20 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent potassium nitrate are respectively applied to each mu.

7. The planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the amino acid of the first amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the zinc + boron + molybdenum is more than or equal to 20g/L; the phosphorus content of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 525g/L, and the potassium content of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 275g/L; the amino acid content of the second amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the content of zinc, boron and molybdenum is more than or equal to 20g/L.

8. The planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein humic acid in the nano-polypeptide powder is more than or equal to 3%, and nitrogen + phosphorus pentoxide + potassium oxide is more than or equal to 20%.