CN109220035A - A kind of control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
A kind of control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220035A CN109220035A CN201810880241.8A CN201810880241A CN109220035A CN 109220035 A CN109220035 A CN 109220035A CN 201810880241 A CN201810880241 A CN 201810880241A CN 109220035 A CN109220035 A CN 109220035A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of control methods of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle, method includes the following steps: (1) is during facility plastic greenhouse is lain fallow, lime nitrogen and quick lime are spread fertilizer over the fields into soil, it turns over later, leveling, sealing greenhouse simultaneously waters, and is covered on soil after watering with white film, close plastic shed processing；(2) after close plastic shed, plastic film is thrown off, will be turned over after greenhouse ventilation process, then ventilation process, then spread fertilizer over the fields biological organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and carry out rotary tillage mixing, ridging covers black film, and the muskmelon seedling cultivated is colonized in soil；In muskmelon growth course, an amino acid foliage fertilizer was sprayed to muskmelon in every 8~12 days.The method of the present invention carries out disinfection to soil early period, reduces the generation of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle；Along with the application of biological organic fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property, the content of the soil organism is improved while reducing fertilizer application amount, the microbiota of Muskmelon Planting soil is rebuild, be conducive to the absorption of plant growth and nutrition, on the other hand, the use of biological organic fertilizer and amino acid foliage fertilizer, it is ensured that the yield of muskmelon and its quality of raising.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to a kind of control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technique
Continuous cropping obstacle refers in same culturing on soil or plants same or close edge crop, even in normal field
Between under cultivation management mode, will also result in crop growing state die down, yield and quality decline the phenomenon that.Currently, being directed to facility muskmelon
The control method of continuous cropping obstacle is broadly divided into: the prevention and treatments side such as crop rotation, soil moved in improve the original adjustment, grafting, chemical prevention, biological control
Method.Existing control method using when all there are certain drawbacks, for example, chemical prevention method into soil mainly using applying
Chemical substance, by carrying out sterilizing to soil, to reach the effective ways for inhibiting soil-borne disease.Often in disinfecting process
In, it is operated herein in connection with high temperature close plastic shed etc., promotes bactericidal effect.In recent years, in terms of continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control, lime nitrogen and raw stone
Ash because its with soil disinfection, control soil-borne disease insect pest, correction soil ph, promote soil beneficial microorganism breeding, plus
Fast Straw decomposing improves soil enzyme activities, improves the various functions such as quality of agricultural product and a little, more and more studied
Persons are paid attention to.Lime nitrogen is also nitrolim, it is the mixture that nitrolim and other insoluble impurities are constituted, in ash
Black has off-odor, is a kind of alkaline fertilizer.Generated liquid cyanamide and gas cyanamide are (final after lime nitrogen chance water decomposition
Hydrolysate is urea), these substances have the effect of killing of broad spectrum activity to harmful organisms such as fungi, bacteriums in soil, and
And also there is good control efficiency to the root-knot nematode of puzzlement industrialized agriculture production always.Quick lime (CaO) is dissolved into after meeting water
Ca2+And OH-Ion has alkalinity, can directly act on the plasm of pathogen, and protein coagulating is made to be denaturalized and cause to inactivate；
Calcium ion can directly affect permeability and the metabolism of ring-adenylate of pathogen cells film, and limewash is to most of in soil
Bacterium plays the effect killed.But above-described chemical prevention, soil microflora can be damaged.And crop needs
Want the soil fauna of health that could ensure its normal growth.
In addition, cause there are many factors of soil in protected field continuous cropping obstacle, wherein chemical fertilizer causes the phenomenon when being excessively used
One of the main reason for, the excessive application of chemical fertilizer leads to soil acidification, nutrient imbalance is mainly manifested in: facility cultivation vegetable seed
Class is relatively single, and peasant household is often according to the continuous the same or similar fertilizer of a large amount of application properties of traditional habit, and crop is to fertilizer in addition
Selective absorbing, reduce some nutrients in soil sharply, and other nutrients gradually accumulate, cause soil nutrient uneven
Weighing apparatus.According to " agriculture chemical double subtracts " policy guidance that the Ministry of Agriculture proposed in 2015, in facilities vegetable planting process, chemical fertilizer is reduced
Amount of application, be to prevent and treat one of the effective ways of soil continuous cropping obstacle, but can if the amount of application of simple reduction chemical fertilizer
Significantly reduce the yield of crop.
Need to provide a kind of method that can significantly alleviate muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle against the above technical problems.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind to alleviate facility muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle with chemical-biological prevention and treatment united cultivation
The effective ways of technology.This method mainly first sterilizes soil using lime nitrogen, quick lime, recycles microorganism organic
Fertilizer rebuilds the soil microflora of health to soil, subtracts in conjunction with chemical fertilizer and applies and spray the farming such as amino acid foliage fertilizer behaviour
Make, the quantity of pathogenic bacteria in soil is effectively reduced, increases quantity of useful microbe；The usage amount for reducing chemical fertilizer, is effectively improved soil
Earth physicochemical character；Amino acid foliage fertilizer sprays, and can promote the raising of crop yield, promotes the quality of muskmelon.
Realize that the technical solution of the object of the invention is as follows:
A kind of control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle, method includes the following steps:
(1) during facility plastic greenhouse is lain fallow, lime nitrogen and quick lime are spread fertilizer over the fields into the soil of Muskmelon Planting, is turned over later,
Leveling, sealing greenhouse simultaneously water, are covered on soil after watering with white film, and greenhouse temperature is made to reach 55 DEG C or more, bored
Canopy is handled 25~35 days；
(2) after close plastic shed, plastic film is thrown off, will turn over after greenhouse ventilation process, then ventilation process, then spread
Biological organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied, and carries out rotary tillage mixing, ridging covers black film, and the muskmelon seedling cultivated is colonized in soil；?
In muskmelon growth course, an amino acid foliage fertilizer was sprayed to muskmelon in every 8~12 days.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of lime nitrogen described in step (1) and quick lime is respectively as follows: lime nitrogen
40~60 kilograms/667m2, 40~60 kilograms/667m of quick lime2；Preferably 50 kilograms/667m of lime nitrogen2, 50 kilograms of quick lime/
667m2。
The irrigation amount of watering described in step (1) is that soil moisture content is made to reach 90% of maximum water-holding capacity or more.Step
(1) temperature of the processing of close plastic shed described in is 55~60 DEG C, and the time is 25 days.
In step (2), plastic film is thrown off, is turned over after first greenhouse is divulged information 5 days, then ventilation process 5-10 days (make
Lime nitrogen volatilization in soil is complete).In step (2), the dosage of the biological organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer is respectively as follows: biological organic
350~450 kilograms/667m of fertilizer2, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 15~30 kilograms/667m2；Preferably, biological organic fertilizer 400 is public
Jin/667m2, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 17.5 kilograms/667m2.In step (2), an amino acid leaf was sprayed to muskmelon in every 10 days
Leaven.
The bio-organic fertilizer product is the biological organic produced by Jiangyin Lianye Biotechology Co., Ltd.
Fertilizer, the amino acid foliage fertilizer are by produced precious board amino acid foliage of Jiangyin Lianye Biotechology Co., Ltd.
Fertilizer.But not limited to this.
The present invention is mainly using in Muskmelon Planting gap, and into soil, liming nitrogen and quick lime, utilize the two
Hydrolysate can kill most pathogenic bacteria in soil, the generation of soil-borne disease is effectively reduced.But terminate in sterilization stage
Afterwards, it is necessary to lime nitrogen remaining in soil be volatilized completely by way of ventilation, in order to make lime nitrogen volatilization completely, dry the phase
Between soil must once be ploughed deeply.The application of microbial-bacterial fertilizer is on the one hand to increase the content of soil with organic matter,
On the other hand in order to improve beneficial microorganism quantity in soil, inhibit harmful microbe quantity.By chemical fertilizer in conventional application
Subtract on the basis of amount and applies 30% (according to 25 kilograms/667m of compound fertilizer's conventional amount used2It calculates, and when top dressing, the amount of application of compound fertilizer
Equally subtract and apply 30%), primarily to improving the physicochemical character of soil；In planting process, amino acid foliage fertilizer is sprayed, mainly
It is to improve the quality of crop to promote plant growth.
Due to carrying out chemical prevention using lime nitrogen and quick lime, soil microflora can be damaged, should be selected
It selects and soil microflora is reconstructed comprising beneficial microorganism biological organic fertilizer.In technical solution of the present invention, biological organic
The application of fertilizer, on the one hand can inhibit the quantity of soil-borne disease bacterium, on the other hand can promote beneficial microorganism quantity in soil.
The microbial organic fertilizer that organic fertilizer R&D team of resource and environmental science institute of Agricultural University Of Nanjing develops, not only containing there are many diseases
The efficient Antagonistic Fungi of opportunistic pathogen, also containing a large amount of and microelement needed for plant growth, have anti-continuous cropping, promote well developed root system,
The effects of improveing soil texture, increasing crop yield and improve product.
Under the premise of chemical fertilizer subtracts and applies, to ensure that crop can guarantee the yield of crop with normal growth, amino acid leaf is selected
Leaven is sprayed, and amino acid foliage fertilizer has many advantages, such as that pollution-free, dosage is few, at low cost, application method is simple, and in muskmelon
Growth period is sprayed, and the quality of muskmelon can be improved, and improves its yield.
In conclusion by the disinfection of chemical reagent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle can be effectively prevented, but for soil
Middle microbiota destruction is more serious, for this purpose, selection microbial organic fertilizer, on the one hand can improve soil physical and chemical property, separately
On the one hand soil health microbiota architecture can also be rebuild.On this basis, the usage amount for reducing chemical fertilizer is to solve muskmelon
Another big safeguard of continuous cropping obstacle had both ensured that melon yield will not decline, simultaneously in conjunction with spraying for amino acid foliage fertilizer
The quality of muskmelon can also be improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the variation of Fusarium oxysporum quantity in different disposal soil.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in more details mainly in combination with example and correlation graph below.
Influence of 1 different disposal of embodiment to Fusarium oxysporum quantity of causing a disease in soil
It tests and is carried out in the green house of vegetables of Nanjing Vegetable Technology Park in July, 2017, planting soil continuous 3 years kinds
Muskmelon is planted, which has already appeared more apparent continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon.Its foundation soil nutrient content are as follows: organic matter
Content 16.56gkg-1, quick-acting potassium content 254.03mgkg-1, available phosphorus contents 12.68mgkg-1, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content
1.54mg·kg-1, pH 6.55, EC value is 148.4 μ scm-1.3 different disposals (specific processing such as table 1) is set, each
Processing is repeated 3 times.
Close plastic shed is specific steps are as follows: (1) clears up greenhouse: after the crops such as vegetables harvest, canopy film not opened immediately, will
Loophole mends, and removes plant invalid body in canopy room, concentrates and destroys；(2) bedding: can be according to the field planting row for the vegetable crop planted
Away from requiring, bedding is flattened；(3) cell is handled: each cell turn over 2 times, ploughs 25-30cm, and the leveling of cell plane makes soil
It can be mixed well with lime nitrogen, quick lime；(4) furrow face is poured water: it largely waters in cell, soil saturation is made to absorb water, cover mulch,
Then canopy room air port is closed, high temperature close plastic shed processing is carried out, forms high temperature anaerobic environment.Keep the topsoil soils ground temperature at 20cm
At 50 DEG C or more, continue 20 days or more；(5) it takes off film sunning: after the completion of soil treatment, divulging information or dry 5 days, after plowed soils,
Continue sunning 5 days, then can transplant crop.
1 different disposal concrete mode of table
After the test, soil sample is adopted, the measurement of Fusarium oxysporum gene copy number in soil is carried out, using fluorescent quantitation
PCR (Real-time PCR) detection technique carries out quantitative analysis, and (method refers to " the macro array of gene and fluorescence quantifying PCR method pair
Watermelon blight does harm to the quick detection of Fusarium oxysporum in soil and quantifies "), it analyzes shown in result figure 1.From figure, it can see
Out, liming nitrogen or lime nitrogen add quick lime, can inhibit the gene copy number of Fusarium oxysporum in soil, Dan Shishi
In grey nitrogen processing (T2), the gene copy number of Fusarium oxysporum is 10.35 × 108, 17.49% is reduced compared with control treatment, is reached
To significant difference (P≤0.05)；Liming nitrogen is matched in the processing for applying quick lime, and the gene copy number of Fusarium oxysporum is compared with T2
Processing is compared, and Fusarium oxysporum gene copy number has dropped 24.84%, reaches significant difference (P≤0.05)；T2 and T3 processing
Middle Fusarium oxysporum quantity is substantially less than control treatment (T1).
Embodiment 2
After facility muskmelon is handled according to the method in embodiment 1, plant muskmelon (river in Zhejiang Province sweet tea 5), each cell kind
13 muskmelons (plot area 2m × 5m) to be planted, and counts the The dead quantity of each processing muskmelon seedling, concrete outcome is as shown in table 2, by
Table can be seen that liming nitrogen and quick lime, and apparent downward trend is presented compared with T1 processing in dead tree of muskmelon, muskmelon it is dead
Dying rate reduces 13% or so compared with T1.
Table 2 respectively handles the death condition statistics of muskmelon seedling
The influence of embodiment 3 different sterilization methods and fertilizer to melon yield
The method of the present invention (T4) the following steps are included:
(1) during facility plastic greenhouse is lain fallow, into the soil of Muskmelon Planting, lime nitrogen and quick lime, dosage point are spread fertilizer over the fields
Not are as follows: 50 kilograms/667m2With 50 kilograms/667m2, turned over, flattened later, sealing greenhouse and watering (makes soil moisture content
Reach 90% or more of maximum water-holding capacity), it is covered on soil after watering with white film, greenhouse temperature is made to reach 55-60
Degree Celsius, close plastic shed is handled 25 days；
(2) after close plastic shed, plastic film is thrown off, greenhouse is aerated processing 5 days, is then turned over, then divulge information
Processing 8-10 days (so that the lime nitrogen in soil is volatilized complete), then spread fertilizer over the fields 400 kilograms/667m of biological organic fertilizer2, compound fertilizer
(15-15-15) 17.5 kilograms/667m2, and rotary tillage mixing is carried out, ridging covers black film, and the muskmelon seedling cultivated is colonized in soil
In；In muskmelon growth course, an amino acid foliage fertilizer was sprayed to muskmelon in every 10 days.Biological organic fertilizer used above by
Organic fertilizer R&D team of Agricultural University Of Nanjing develops, the biological organic produced by Jiangyin Lianye Biotechology Co., Ltd.
Fertilizer；Amino acid foliage fertilizer is by produced precious board amino acid foliage fertilizer of Jiangyin Lianye Biotechology Co., Ltd..
In addition tri- groups of experiments of design T1~T3 analyze common biological organic fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer and containing amino as control
It is as shown in table 3 to test specific design for influence of the sour Water soluble fertilizer to melon yield.
3. different disposal details of table
Note: 17.5kg/667m2Compound fertilizer is compared with conventional fertilizer application amount (25kg/667m2) reduce 30%；Amino acid foliage fertilizer is certainly
Start within the 10th day after muskmelon seedling field planting, every the foliage-spray of progress in 10 days.
Plant melon variety are as follows: river in Zhejiang Province sweet tea 5；
Each processing sets 3 repetitions, RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN；Spraying time is at 4 points in afternoon later or the cloudy day carries out, field pipe
Reason uses Routine Management mode.
After the test, melon yield is registered, concrete outcome is as shown in table 4:
Influence of 4 different disposal of table to melon yield
From table 3 it is known that each processing is compared compared with T1, it can promote the increase of muskmelon single fruit weight, wherein application biology has
Machine fertilizer (T3) more common organic fertilizer (T2) is compared, muskmelon single fruit weight increase about 70g, but biological organic fertilizer and amino acid foliage fertilizer
Compounding application (T4) is the most obvious to the facilitation effect of muskmelon single fruit weight, increases respectively compared with T3, T2, T1 processing muskmelon single fruit weight
51.14,122.77,171.64g.From muskmelon it is vertical through and transverse diameter data it can be concluded that, biological organic fertilizer and amino acid foliage fertilizer
Compounding application can promote its increase.
Influence of 4 different fertilization of embodiment to muskmelon quality
Specific test process is the same as embodiment 3.After the test, the index of quality of muskmelon is determined, it is specific to tie
Fruit is as shown in table 5.
Influence of 5 different disposal of table to muskmelon quality
Table 5 show the influence of the different disposal muskmelon index of quality, by table 4 it is known that applying biological organic fertilizer
The processing (T2) for managing (T3 and T4) more common biological organic fertilizer, has the tendency that promotion to VC content and soluble sugar content, but
Influence for muskmelon soluble protein is not very big.On the basis of applying biological organic fertilizer, amino acid foliage fertilizer pair is sprayed
In the content effect of increasing significantly of muskmelon VC content, soluble protein and soluble sugar.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
(1) during facility plastic greenhouse is lain fallow, lime nitrogen and quick lime are spread fertilizer over the fields into the soil of Muskmelon Planting, is turned over later, flatten,
Sealing greenhouse simultaneously waters, and is covered on soil after watering with white film, so that greenhouse temperature is reached 55 DEG C or more, close plastic shed processing
25~35 days；
(2) after close plastic shed, plastic film is thrown off, will be turned over after greenhouse ventilation process, then ventilation process, then spread fertilizer over the fields life
Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and rotary tillage mixing is carried out, ridging covers black film, and the muskmelon seedling cultivated is colonized in soil；In muskmelon
In growth course, an amino acid foliage fertilizer was sprayed to muskmelon in every 8~12 days.
2. the control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that lime described in step (1)
The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of nitrogen and quick lime is respectively as follows: 40~60 kilograms/667m of lime nitrogen2, 40~60 kilograms/667m of quick lime2；Preferably
50 kilograms/667m of lime nitrogen2, 50 kilograms/667m of quick lime2。
3. the control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that water described in step (1)
Irrigation amount be that soil moisture content is made to reach 90% of maximum water-holding capacity or more.
4. the control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that close plastic shed described in step (1)
The temperature of processing is 55~60 DEG C, and the time is 25 days.
5. the control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), throw off plastics
Film is turned over after first greenhouse is divulged information 5 days, then ventilation process 5-10 days.
6. the control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the biology
The dosage of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer is respectively as follows: 350~450 kilograms/667m of biological organic fertilizer2, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 15~
20 kilograms/667m2；Preferably, 400 kilograms/667m of biological organic fertilizer2, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 17.5 kilograms/667m2。
7. the control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), every 10 days right
Muskmelon sprays an amino acid foliage fertilizer.
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| CN109892059A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of method that substep cuts down safely layout planning Soil Nitrate and sulfate excessive buildup |
| CN111096206A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-05 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of taros |
| CN113330999A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-03 | 江西中科玮玥生态科技发展有限公司 | Method for cultivating edible chrysanthemum in southern acidic soil region |
| CN113336601A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for preparing biocontrol bacterial manure by bacteria and method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of melons |
| CN113336602A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-09-03 | 广西易邦科技有限公司 | Novel fertilizer containing lysozyme |
| CN115362781A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-11-22 | 扬州大学 | Method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles and application |
| CN115413549A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-12-02 | 汪琳 | Planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109892059A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of method that substep cuts down safely layout planning Soil Nitrate and sulfate excessive buildup |
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| CN113336601A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for preparing biocontrol bacterial manure by bacteria and method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of melons |
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| CN115413549A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-12-02 | 汪琳 | Planting method for eliminating ginger continuous cropping obstacles |
| CN115413549B (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2023-12-01 | 汪琳 | Planting method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle of ginger |
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Application publication date: 20190118 |