CN109496758A - A kind of disease is inoculated with reparation and the nursing method of tobacco field - Google Patents
A kind of disease is inoculated with reparation and the nursing method of tobacco field Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496758A CN109496758A CN201811208970.5A CN201811208970A CN109496758A CN 109496758 A CN109496758 A CN 109496758A CN 201811208970 A CN201811208970 A CN 201811208970A CN 109496758 A CN109496758 A CN 109496758A
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- tobacco field
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of reparation of disease inoculation tobacco field and nursing methods, the described method comprises the following steps: 1) leveling land, clear up invalid body；2) kill harmful pathogen: A, tobacco field is retained；B, alkaline fungicide is spread fertilizer over the fields；C, waterflooding；D, solarization, jelly are turned up soil；3) soil remediation: A, selection and preparation soil beneficial microbe；B, upturned soil rake is thin, rakes；C, it irrigates；4) health care is cultivated；5) circular treatment.The present invention, which first passes through to level land, clear up invalid body etc., eliminates host, then it carries out waterflooding, plough deeply, and the alternating " shine, freeze and turn up soil " of intensive ultraviolet on daytime, Low Night Temperature is made full use of to kill harmful pathogen to greatest extent, then it is inoculated with soil beneficial microbe bacterium, restore soil health, last health care cultivation, realizes soil conservation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco field recovery technique fields, and in particular to a kind of disease is inoculated with reparation and the nursing method of tobacco field.
Background technique
It is the long-term tobacco planting for carrying out harmful pathogenic microorganism inoculation test such as balck shank, rust that disease, which is inoculated with tobacco field,
Experimental plot, most of disease are inoculated with the equal prepartion of land of tobacco field, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, but due to being used as disease inoculation experiments for a long time,
More than 10 years of continuous cropping.Therefore the soil in most of disease experimental plots shows as acidification, close structure, and cigarette strain growing way is weak, balck shank, red
The diseases weight such as star disease, especially transplanting to group's phase because caused by balck shank and root black rot the cigarette strain death rate it is high, to carrying on
Tobacco in field test causes serious influence.
And the disease of a large amount of long-term continuous croppings is inoculated with tobacco field since the problems such as disease is serious can not also put into normal agricultural
It uses, while causing land resource waste.There has been no the relevant reports for being directed to disease inoculation tobacco field reparation child care at present.
For above situation, the reparation and nursing method for inventing a kind of disease inoculation tobacco field are very important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of reparation of disease inoculation tobacco field and nursing methods.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprising the following steps:
1) it levels land, clear up invalid body: disease inoculation tobacco field to be processed being carried out eliminating host's processing, the processing includes
Site preparation processing and/or removing cigarette strain processing；
2) harmful pathogen is killed:
A, tobacco field be retained: to long-term kind of cigarette or can leak tobacco field to be processed, carry out waterflooding before Water-retaining Measure, i.e., in the depth of water
Under shallow water conditions from 1.5 ~ 2.5cm of earth's surface, soil is beaten and is fine into muddy；If ridge does not carry out hardening of cement, use
The plastic film of thickness 0.01mm or more is laid in the inside one side of ridge, is retained；
B, spread fertilizer over the fields alkaline fungicide: when soil is beaten under shallow water conditions be fine into muddy after, then in the soil of tobacco field to be processed
Alkaline fungicide is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on surface, is kept for 0~5 day；
C, waterflooding: introducing experimental plot for the water source for meeting irrigation water standard in 9~mid or late October, reach 5~10cm of the depth of water,
Kept for 3 months or more；Meanwhile in 11~late December, under bright water state, experimental plot soil is ploughed deeply, depth is 30
~35cm；
D, solarization, jelly are turned up soil: after to waterflooding, being drained the extra ponding in field, allowed soil/upturned soil to be completely exposed in air, utilize
Daytime ultraviolet light, Low Night Temperature alternating " shine, freeze turn up soil ", continue 1 month or more；
3) soil remediation: will be by the tobacco field that handles above, Yu Cinian at the beginning of 3 months, carries out soil beneficial microbe and connects by the end of January
Kind, specific steps are as follows:
A, selection and preparation soil beneficial microbe: per acre with microbial organic fertilizer and/or 50~100kg of bacterial manure and decomposed farmers'
Fertilizer or fertile soil 500kg~1000kg, the two are mixed according to the ratio of 1:5~8；Or per acre with 1~5kg of probiotics
With well-rotted farmyard manure or fertile soil 1000kg~1500kg, the two is mixed according to the ratio of 1:200~1000；It is more than selection
One of mixture, is equably sprinkled into upper soll layer；
B, upturned soil rake is thin, rakes: upturned soil is smashed, then harrow it is thin, rake to upturned soil size diameter 2cm, allow microbial organic fertilizer
Sufficiently mix well with the soil；
C, it irrigates: by the end of February~mid or late March irrigates soil, allow soil moisture to reach 15 ~ 30%, in this case,
Kept for 15 days or more；
4) health care is cultivated:
A, 1~5 day before transplanting, ridging and dig reservoir are conventionally carried out；
B, it when transplanting, is transplanted using cigarette soil living is planted, per acre 450 ~ 550kg；
C, remaining cultivation and management method are carried out according to local conventional method, and chemical fertilizer dose needs more local conventional amount used to subtract
Few 20~40%.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the present invention, which first passes through to level land, clear up invalid body etc., eliminates host, then carries out disinfection, waterflooding, ploughs deeply, and sufficiently
Harmful pathogen is killed to greatest extent using the alternating " shine, freeze and turn up soil " of intensive ultraviolet on daytime, Low Night Temperature, is then inoculated with soil
Beneficial microbe bacterium, restores soil health, and soil conservation is realized in last health care cultivation.
2, the present invention carries out side reparation, the measure of Bian Baoyu, and experimental plot soil is thoroughly improved, can satisfy tobacco
The demand of various inoculation tests is inoculated with beneficial bacterium, realizes reconstruct and soil ecology of getting well by removing pathogen.Specifically
Repair child care process and be divided into four-stage: first stage, the invalid bodies such as cleaning field cigarette strain root system eliminate host；Second stage,
Eliminate the harmful microorganism bacterium based on tobacco black shank and Alternaria alternate；Phase III is inoculated with soil beneficial microbe bacterium；
Fourth stage, health care cultivation, soil conservation.
3, by the soil of this method improvement, there is preferable effect to continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco is alleviated, it can be annual kind
Plant flue-cured tobacco.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited in any way,
Based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
The reparation of disease inoculation tobacco field of the present invention and nursing method, comprising the following steps:
1) it levels land, clear up invalid body: disease inoculation tobacco field to be processed being carried out eliminating host's processing, the processing includes
Site preparation processing and/or removing cigarette strain processing；
2) harmful pathogen is killed:
A, tobacco field be retained: to long-term kind of cigarette or can leak tobacco field to be processed, carry out waterflooding before Water-retaining Measure, i.e., in the depth of water
Under shallow water conditions from 1.5 ~ 2.5cm of earth's surface, soil is beaten and is fine into muddy；If ridge does not carry out hardening of cement, use
The plastic film of thickness 0.01mm or more is laid in the inside one side of ridge, is retained；
B, spread fertilizer over the fields alkaline fungicide: when soil is beaten under shallow water conditions be fine into muddy after, then in the soil of tobacco field to be processed
Alkaline fungicide is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on surface, is kept for 0~5 day；
C, waterflooding: introducing experimental plot for the water source for meeting irrigation water standard in 9~mid or late October, reach 5~10cm of the depth of water,
Kept for 3 months or more；Meanwhile in 11~late December, under bright water state, experimental plot soil is ploughed deeply, depth is 30
~35cm；
D, solarization, jelly are turned up soil: after to waterflooding, being drained the extra ponding in field, allowed soil/upturned soil to be completely exposed in air, utilize
Daytime ultraviolet light, Low Night Temperature alternating " shine, freeze turn up soil ", continue 1 month or more；
3) soil remediation: will be by the tobacco field that handles above, Yu Cinian at the beginning of 3 months, carries out soil beneficial microbe and connects by the end of January
Kind, specific steps are as follows:
A, selection and preparation soil beneficial microbe: per acre with microbial organic fertilizer and/or 50~100kg of bacterial manure and decomposed farmers'
Fertilizer or fertile soil 500kg~1000kg, the two are mixed according to the ratio of 1:5~8；Or per acre with 1~5kg of probiotics
With well-rotted farmyard manure or fertile soil 1000kg~1500kg, the two is mixed according to the ratio of 1:200~1000；It is more than selection
One of mixture, is equably sprinkled into upper soll layer；
B, upturned soil rake is thin, rakes: upturned soil is smashed, then harrow it is thin, rake to upturned soil size diameter 2cm, allow microbial organic fertilizer
Sufficiently mix well with the soil；
C, it irrigates: by the end of February~mid or late March irrigates soil, allow soil moisture to reach 15 ~ 30%, in this case,
Kept for 15 days or more；
4) health care is cultivated:
A, 1~5 day before transplanting, ridging and dig reservoir are conventionally carried out；
B, it when transplanting, is transplanted using cigarette soil living is planted, per acre 450 ~ 550kg；
C, remaining cultivation and management method are carried out according to local conventional method, and chemical fertilizer dose needs more local conventional amount used to subtract
Few 20~40%.
Further, the method also includes step 5 circular treatments: above-mentioned steps 1 to step 4 being recycled, continuously carry out 3
Year or 3 years or more, soil remediation and child care can be realized.
Further, site preparation processing as described in step (1) is the smooth, rake to the progress of targeted test field carefully to upturned soil size
Within diameter 10cm；The removing cigarette strain processing is to thoroughly remove out the residual leaf of the cigarette strain of targeted test Tanaka, tobacco rod, root system
Field.
Further, alkaline fungicide described in step (2) be quick lime, it is lime sulfur, caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, secondary
Sodium chlorate, calcium hypochlorite are any one or more of；The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the alkaline fungicide is 80~120kg/ of First Year mus,
40~80kg/ mus of second year, 20~60 kg/ mus of third year or more.
Further, pH6.9~7.2 of microbial organic fertilizer described in step (3), NPK total nutrient >=5%, N:P2O5:
K2O=1.5~2:1~1.5:2.5~4, organic matter >=70%, humic acid >=5.0% in organic matter, free humic acid in humic acid
Account for 80% or more, also containing >=40 hundred million/gram living body beneficial microbe；The beneficial microbe include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria,
One of potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, pseudomonad, graceful radiation hair enzyme are a variety of；The bacillus includes withered grass bud
Spore bacillus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, three kinds or a variety of in bacillus megaterium.
Further, organic matter >=70% of bacterial manure described in step (3), nitrogen >=1%, phosphorus pentoxide >=1%, oxidation
Potassium >=1 %, beneficial bacterium (a. bacillus subtilis+bacillus licheniformis+bacillusmusilaginosiengineering+bacillus megaterium；B. combine
Rhizosphere azotobacter+phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria) >=0.2 hundred million/gram, moisture 15~30%.The beneficial bacterium includes bacillus, joint
Rhizosphere azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria；The bacillus includes bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, gel-shaped bud
Spore bacillus, bacillus megaterium.
Further, probiotics described in step (3) are specially nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering+bacillus megaterium, pseudomonad, graceful radiation hair enzyme, Hall De Baike
Salmonella, Trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, anaerobies filiform flora, aerobic Gram positive actinomycetes group, yeast
Any three kinds or a variety of in flora.
Further, the soil living of plant cigarette described in step (4) includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 80~100 parts of soil moved in improve the original, raw
80~100 parts of organic fertilizer, 20~30 parts of water-keeping material, well-rotted farmyard manure or 300~400 parts of fertile soil, nutrient 0~10
Part.
Further, the soil moved in improve the original includes 50% or more rice soil, and healthy purple soil, red soil, yellow earth without worm
One of or it is a variety of；The biological organic fertilizer is " Ji Natai " solid biologic organic fertilizer, " female benefit is strong " solid biologic is organic
One of fertilizer, " benefit plants life " composite microbe fertilizer are a variety of；The water-keeping material is pore structure TP >=80%, is retained energy
Power WFP > 70%, the water-keeping material that water absorption is 5~8 times of own wt；The farmyard manure is the well-rotted farmyard manure after disinfection
And/or fertile soil；It include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the nutrient；The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer includes phosphorus ammonium, potassium sulfate, and three want
Element is than being 1:2:1；It further include supplement fertilizer in the nutrient, the supplement fertilizer is according to the rich scarce shape of soil nutrient elements
Need to carry out the fertilizer of respective element supplement, specially one or more of magnesium, silicon, sulphur, boron, zinc, molybdenum, selenium after condition evaluation.
Further, above-described well-rotted farmyard manure be by weeds stalk, rice straw, corn stover, rape stalk,
One of sugarcane stalk, wheat stalk or a variety of direct progress stacking hot fermentations form, or by above-mentioned stalk and people and animals
The barnyard manure of fecaluria mixing carries out stacking hot fermentation and forms；The preparation method humous is the forest surface tree that will be rotted
Leaf, branch and forest surface layer 0-2cm soil are uniformly mixed to form.
Embodiment 1
A kind of disease is inoculated with reparation and the nursing method of tobacco field, comprising the following steps:
1) it levels land, clear up invalid body: disease inoculation tobacco field to be processed being carried out eliminating host's processing, the processing includes
Site preparation processing and removing cigarette strain processing；To carry out to targeted test field, smooth, rake is carefully straight to upturned soil size for the site preparation processing
Within diameter 10cm；The removing cigarette strain processing is to thoroughly remove out the residual leaf of the cigarette strain of targeted test Tanaka, tobacco rod, root system
Field；
2) harmful pathogen is killed:
A, tobacco field be retained: to long-term kind of cigarette or can leak tobacco field to be processed, carry out waterflooding before Water-retaining Measure, i.e., in the depth of water
Under shallow water conditions from earth's surface 2cm, soil is beaten and is fine into muddy；If ridge does not carry out hardening of cement, thickness is used
The plastic film of 0.01mm or more is laid in the inside one side of ridge, is retained；
B, spread fertilizer over the fields alkaline fungicide: when soil is beaten under shallow water conditions be fine into muddy after, then in the soil of tobacco field to be processed
Alkaline fungicide quick lime is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on surface, is kept for 2 days；The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the quick lime is First Year 100kg/ mus, the
2 years 60kg/ mus, 40 kg/ mus of third year or more；
C, waterflooding: the water source for meeting irrigation water standard is introduced into experimental plot in mid or late October, reaches depth of water 8cm, is kept for 3
Month or more；Meanwhile in late December, under bright water state, experimental plot soil is ploughed deeply, depth is in 30~35cm；
D, solarization, jelly are turned up soil: after to waterflooding, being drained the extra ponding in field, allowed soil/upturned soil to be completely exposed in air, utilize
Daytime ultraviolet light, Low Night Temperature alternating " shine, freeze turn up soil ", continue 1 month or more；
3) by the tobacco field by handling above, at the beginning of 3 months, the inoculation of soil beneficial microbe, concrete operations step soil remediation: are carried out
It is rapid as follows:
A, selection and preparation soil beneficial microbe: per acre with microbial organic fertilizer 100kg and well-rotted farmyard manure 500kg, the two
It is mixed according to the ratio of 1:5；
The pH7.0 of the microbial organic fertilizer, NPK total nutrient >=5%, N:P2O5:K2O=1.5:1:2.5, organic matter >=70%,
Humic acid >=5.0% in organic matter, free humic acid accounts for 80% or more in humic acid, also containing >=40 hundred million/gram living body beneficial to micro-
Biology；The beneficial microbe includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, pseudomonad, graceful radiation hair enzyme；
The bacillus includes bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus megaterium.
B, upturned soil rake is thin, rakes: upturned soil is smashed, then harrow it is thin, rake to upturned soil size diameter 2cm, allow microorganism to have
Machine fertilizer sufficiently mixes well withs the soil；
C, irrigate: soil is irrigated in mid or late March, soil moisture is allowed to reach 20%, in this case, keep 15 days with
On；
4) health care is cultivated:
A, 2 days before transplanting, ridging and dig reservoir are conventionally carried out；
B, it when transplanting, is transplanted using cigarette soil living is planted, per acre 500kg；
It is described to plant the raw material that cigarette soil living includes following parts by weight: 90 parts of soil moved in improve the original, 90 parts of biological organic fertilizer, 25 parts of water-keeping material,
Well-rotted farmyard manure or 350 parts of fertile soil, 5 parts of nutrient.The soil moved in improve the original includes 50% or more rice soil, and healthy nothing
Purple soil, red soil, the yellow earth of worm；The biological organic fertilizer is " Ji Natai " solid biologic organic fertilizer, " female benefit is strong " solid life
Organic fertilizer, " benefit plants life " composite microbe fertilizer；The water-keeping material be pore structure TP >=80%, water holding capacity WFP >
70%, the coco bran that water absorption is 5~8 times of own wt；The farmyard manure is the well-rotted farmyard manure and fertile soil after disinfection；Institute
It include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the nutrient stated；The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer includes phosphorus ammonium, potassium sulfate, and three elements ratio is 1:2:1；Institute
Further include supplement fertilizer in the nutrient stated, the supplement fertilizer be according to needed after the evaluation of soil nutrient elements Condition of abundance or deficiency into
The fertilizer of row respective element supplement, specially magnesium, silicon, sulphur, boron, zinc, molybdenum, selenium.
C, remaining cultivation and management method are carried out according to local conventional method, and chemical fertilizer dose needs more local conventional use
Amount reduces 30%；
5) circular treatment: above-mentioned steps 1 to step 4 are recycled, continuous to carry out 3 years, and soil remediation and child care can be realized.
Above-described well-rotted farmyard manure be by weeds stalk, rice straw, corn stover, rape stalk, sugarcane stalk,
Wheat stalk directly carries out stacking hot fermentation and forms；The preparation method humous is the forest surface tree that will be rotted
Leaf, branch and forest topsoil are uniformly mixed to form.
The front and back correlation data of the present embodiment such as the following table 1, table 2:
Topsoil (0-30cm) soil sample parameter comparison table before table 1, improvement, during improvement and after improvement
Cigarette strain growth parameter(s) contrast table before table 2, improvement, during improvement and after improvement
Found out by Tables 1 and 2, effective inhibition, the soil weight, organic matter, carbon-nitrogen ratio have been obtained by the soil acidification of improvement
It being significantly increased with actinomyces (soil beneficial microbe population), growth potential is remarkably reinforced, and the decline of balck shank disease incidence is obvious,
The requirement of flue-cured tobacco normal growth and development is reached.
Embodiment 2
A kind of disease is inoculated with reparation and the nursing method of tobacco field, comprising the following steps:
1) it levels land, clear up invalid body: disease inoculation tobacco field to be processed being carried out eliminating host's processing, the processing includes
Site preparation processing；The described site preparation processing is carries out smooth, rake carefully within upturned soil size diameter 9cm to targeted test field；
2) harmful pathogen is killed:
A, tobacco field be retained: to long-term kind of cigarette or can leak tobacco field to be processed, carry out waterflooding before Water-retaining Measure, i.e., in the depth of water
Under shallow water conditions from earth's surface 1.5cm, soil is beaten and is fine into muddy；If ridge does not carry out hardening of cement, thickness is used
The plastic film of 0.015mm or more is laid in the inside one side of ridge, is retained；
B, spread fertilizer over the fields alkaline fungicide: when soil is beaten under shallow water conditions be fine into muddy after, then in the soil of tobacco field to be processed
The mixture of quick lime, lime sulfur, caustic soda is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on surface, is kept for 0 day；The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is First Year 80kg/ mus, second year
40kg/ mus, 20 kg/ mus of third year or more；
C, waterflooding: the water source for meeting irrigation water standard is introduced into experimental plot in mid or late September, reaches depth of water 5cm, is kept for 3
Month or more；Meanwhile in late November, under bright water state, experimental plot soil is ploughed deeply, depth is in 30cm；
D, solarization, jelly are turned up soil: after to waterflooding, being drained the extra ponding in field, allowed soil/upturned soil to be completely exposed in air, utilize
Daytime ultraviolet light, Low Night Temperature alternating " shine, freeze turn up soil ", continue 1 month or more；
3) soil remediation: by the tobacco field by handling above, Yu Cinian by the end of January, carries out the inoculation of soil beneficial microbe, specific to grasp
Steps are as follows for work:
A, it selection and preparation soil beneficial microbe: is pressed per acre with bacterial manure 65kg and well-rotted farmyard manure or fertile soil 520kg, the two
It is mixed according to the ratio of 1:8, is equably sprinkled into upper soll layer；
Organic matter >=70% of the bacterial manure, nitrogen >=1%, phosphorus pentoxide >=1%, potassium oxide >=1 %, beneficial bacterium (a. withered grass bud
Spore bacillus+bacillus licheniformis+bacillusmusilaginosiengineering+bacillus megaterium；B. combine rhizosphere azotobacter+phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium decomposing
Bacterium) >=0.2 hundred million/gram, moisture 15~30%.
B, upturned soil rake is thin, rakes: upturned soil is smashed, then harrow it is thin, rake to upturned soil size diameter 1.5cm, allow microorganism
Organic fertilizer sufficiently mixes well withs the soil；
C, it irrigates: soil being irrigated by the end of February, soil moisture is allowed to reach 15%, in this case, kept for 18 days or more；
4) health care is cultivated:
A, 1 day before transplanting, ridging and dig reservoir are conventionally carried out；
B, it when transplanting, is transplanted using cigarette soil living is planted, per acre 450kg；
C, remaining cultivation and management method are carried out according to local conventional method, and chemical fertilizer dose needs more local conventional amount used to subtract
Few 20%；The plant cigarette soil living includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 80 parts of soil moved in improve the original, 80 parts of biological organic fertilizer, water-keeping material 20
Part, well-rotted farmyard manure or 300 parts of fertile soil.The soil moved in improve the original includes 50% or more rice soil, and the healthy purple without worm
Soil；The biological organic fertilizer is " Ji Natai " solid biologic organic fertilizer；The water-keeping material be pore structure TP >=
80%, water holding capacity WFP > 70%, the water-keeping material that water absorption is 5~8 times of own wt；The farmyard manure is the corruption after disinfection
Ripe farmyard manure.
5) circular treatment: above-mentioned steps 1 to step 4 are recycled, continuous to carry out 3 years or more, can be realized soil remediation and
Child care.
Above-described well-rotted farmyard manure be by weeds stalk, rice straw, corn stover, rape stalk, sugarcane stalk,
The barnyard manure that wheat stalk is mixed with people and animals' fecaluria carries out stacking hot fermentation and forms；The preparation method humous is will be rotten
Rotten forest surface layer leaf, branch and forest surface layer 1cm soil is uniformly mixed to form.
The front and back correlation data of the present embodiment such as the following table 3, table 4:
Topsoil (0-30cm) soil sample parameter comparison table before table 3, improvement, during improvement and after improvement
Cigarette strain growth parameter(s) contrast table before table 4, improvement, during improvement and after improvement
Found out by table 3 and table 4, effective inhibition, the soil weight, organic matter, carbon-nitrogen ratio have been obtained by the soil acidification of improvement
It being significantly increased with actinomyces (soil beneficial microbe population), growth potential is remarkably reinforced, and the decline of balck shank disease incidence is obvious,
The requirement of flue-cured tobacco normal growth and development is reached.
Embodiment 3
A kind of disease is inoculated with reparation and the nursing method of tobacco field, comprising the following steps:
1) it levels land, clear up invalid body: disease inoculation tobacco field to be processed being carried out eliminating host's processing, the processing includes
Remove cigarette strain processing；The removing cigarette strain processing is to thoroughly remove out the residual leaf of the cigarette strain of targeted test Tanaka, tobacco rod, root system
Field；
2) harmful pathogen is killed:
A, tobacco field be retained: to long-term kind of cigarette or can leak tobacco field to be processed, carry out waterflooding before Water-retaining Measure, i.e., in the depth of water
Under shallow water conditions from earth's surface 2.5cm, soil is beaten and is fine into muddy；If ridge does not carry out hardening of cement, thickness is used
The plastic film of 0.02mm is laid in the inside one side of ridge, is retained；
B, spread fertilizer over the fields alkaline fungicide: when soil is beaten under shallow water conditions be fine into muddy after, then in the soil of tobacco field to be processed
The mixture of quick lime, lime sulfur, caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on surface, is kept for 5 days；
The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields be First Year 120kg/ mus, 80kg/ mus of second year, 60 kg/ mus of third year or more；
C, waterflooding: the water source for meeting irrigation water standard is introduced into experimental plot in mid or late October, reaches depth of water 10cm, keeps 3
A month or more；Meanwhile in late December, under bright water state, experimental plot soil is ploughed deeply, depth is in 35cm；
D, solarization, jelly are turned up soil: after to waterflooding, being drained the extra ponding in field, allowed soil/upturned soil to be completely exposed in air, utilize
Daytime ultraviolet light, Low Night Temperature alternating " shine, freeze turn up soil ", continue 1 month or more；
3) soil remediation: by the tobacco field by handling above, at the beginning of Yu Cinian 3 months, carrying out the inoculation of soil beneficial microbe, specific to grasp
Steps are as follows for work:
A, selection and preparation soil beneficial microbe: per acre with probiotics 5kg and fertile soil 1000kg, the two is according to 1:200
Ratio mixed, be equably sprinkled into upper soll layer；
The probiotics are specially nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, gel-shaped
Bacillus+bacillus megaterium (the two mixing), graceful radiation hair enzyme, Hall moral Burkholderia, breathes out thatch wood at pseudomonad
Mould, photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, anaerobies filiform flora, aerobic Gram positive actinomycetes group, yeast flora.
B, upturned soil rake is thin, rakes: upturned soil is smashed, then harrow it is thin, rake to upturned soil size diameter 1cm, allow microbial organic fertilizer
Sufficiently mix well with the soil；
C, irrigate: soil is irrigated in mid or late March, soil moisture is allowed to reach 30%, in this case, keep 20 days with
On；
4) health care is cultivated:
A, 5 days before transplanting, ridging and dig reservoir are conventionally carried out；
B, it when transplanting, is transplanted using cigarette soil living is planted, per acre 550kg；
C, remaining cultivation and management method are carried out according to local conventional method, and chemical fertilizer dose needs more local conventional amount used to subtract
Few 40%；The plant cigarette soil living includes the raw material of following parts by weight: 100 parts of soil moved in improve the original, 100 parts of biological organic fertilizer, water-keeping material 30
Part, well-rotted farmyard manure or 400 parts of fertile soil, 10 parts of nutrient.The soil moved in improve the original includes 50% or more rice soil, Yi Jijian
Red soil, yellow earth of the health without worm；The biological organic fertilizer is " female benefit is strong " solid biologic organic fertilizer, " benefit plants life " composite microbial
Object fertilizer；The water-keeping material is pore structure TP >=80%, water holding capacity WFP > 70%, the guarantor that water absorption is 8 times of own wt
Water material；The farmyard manure is the fertile soil after disinfection；It include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the nutrient；The N P and K
Fertilizer includes phosphorus ammonium, potassium sulfate, and three elements ratio is 1:2:1.
5) circular treatment: above-mentioned steps 1 to step 4 are recycled, continuous to carry out 3 years, and soil remediation and child care can be realized.
Above-described well-rotted farmyard manure is that weeds stalk, rice straw are directly carried out to stacking hot fermentation to form；Institute
The preparation method humous stated is to be uniformly mixed to form the forest surface layer leaf, branch and forest surface layer 2cm soil that rot.
After improveing through this embodiment, soil acidification has obtained effective inhibition, the soil weight, organic matter, carbon-nitrogen ratio and puts
Line bacterium (soil beneficial microbe population) is significantly increased, and growth potential is remarkably reinforced, and the decline of balck shank disease incidence is obvious, reaches
The requirement of flue-cured tobacco normal growth and development.
Claims (10)
1. reparation and the nursing method of a kind of disease inoculation tobacco field, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) it levels land, clear up invalid body: disease inoculation tobacco field to be processed being carried out eliminating host's processing, the processing includes
Site preparation processing and/or removing cigarette strain processing；
2) harmful pathogen is killed:
A, tobacco field be retained: to long-term kind of cigarette or can leak tobacco field to be processed, carry out waterflooding before Water-retaining Measure, i.e., in the depth of water
Under shallow water conditions from 1.5 ~ 2.5cm of earth's surface, soil is beaten and is fine into muddy；If ridge does not carry out hardening of cement, use
The plastic film of thickness 0.01mm or more is laid in the inside one side of ridge, is retained；
B, spread fertilizer over the fields alkaline fungicide: when soil is beaten under shallow water conditions be fine into muddy after, then in the soil of tobacco field to be processed
Alkaline fungicide is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on surface, is kept for 0~5 day；
C, waterflooding: introducing experimental plot for the water source for meeting irrigation water standard in 9~mid or late October, reach 5~10cm of the depth of water,
Kept for 3 months or more；Meanwhile in 11~late December, under bright water state, experimental plot soil is ploughed deeply, depth is 30
~35cm；
D, solarization, jelly are turned up soil: after to waterflooding, being drained the extra ponding in field, allowed soil/upturned soil to be completely exposed in air, utilize
Daytime ultraviolet light, Low Night Temperature alternating " shine, freeze turn up soil ", continue 1 month or more；
3) soil remediation: will be by the tobacco field that handles above, Yu Cinian at the beginning of 3 months, carries out soil beneficial microbe and connects by the end of January
Kind, specific steps are as follows:
A, selection and preparation soil beneficial microbe: per acre with microbial organic fertilizer and/or 50~100kg of bacterial manure and decomposed farmers'
Fertilizer or fertile soil 500kg~1000kg, the two are mixed according to the ratio of 1:5~8；Or per acre with 1~5kg of probiotics
With well-rotted farmyard manure or fertile soil 1000kg~1500kg, the two is mixed according to the ratio of 1:200~1000；It is more than selection
One of mixture, is equably sprinkled into upper soll layer；
B, upturned soil rake is thin, rakes: upturned soil is smashed, then harrow it is thin, rake to upturned soil size diameter 2cm, allow microbial organic fertilizer
Sufficiently mix well with the soil；
C, it irrigates: by the end of February~mid or late March irrigates soil, allow soil moisture to reach 15 ~ 30%, in this case,
Kept for 15 days or more；
4) health care is cultivated:
A, 1~5 day before transplanting, ridging and dig reservoir are conventionally carried out；
B, it when transplanting, is transplanted using cigarette soil living is planted, per acre 450 ~ 550kg；
C, remaining cultivation and management method are carried out according to local conventional method, and chemical fertilizer dose needs more local conventional amount used to subtract
Few 20~40%.
2. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the method is also wrapped
It includes step 5 circular treatment: above-mentioned steps 1 to step 4 is recycled, continuous development 3 years or 3 years or more, soil remediation can be realized
And child care.
3. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (1)
Site preparation processing to carry out smooth, rake carefully within upturned soil size diameter 10cm to targeted test field；At the removing cigarette strain
Reason is that the residual leaf of the cigarette strain of targeted test Tanaka, tobacco rod, root system are thoroughly removed out field.
4. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (2)
Alkaline fungicide be any one of quick lime, lime sulfur, caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite or more
Kind；The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the alkaline fungicide be 80~120kg/ of First Year mus, 40~80kg/ mus of second year, third year and with
Upper 20~60 kg/ mus.
5. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (3)
Microbial organic fertilizer pH6.9~7.2, NPK total nutrient >=5%, N:P2O5:K2O=1.5~2:1~1.5:2.5~4, it is organic
Matter >=70%, humic acid >=5.0% in organic matter, free humic acid accounts for 80% or more in humic acid, also containing >=40 hundred million/gram work
Body beneficial microbe；The beneficial microbe includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, pseudomonad, grace
Radiate one of hair enzyme or a variety of；The bacillus includes bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, gel-shaped gemma
Three kinds or a variety of in bacillus, bacillus megaterium.
6. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (3)
Bacterial manure organic matter >=70%, nitrogen >=1%, phosphorus pentoxide >=1%, potassium oxide >=1 %, beneficial bacterium >=0.2 hundred million/gram, moisture 15
~30%；The beneficial bacterium includes bacillus, joint rhizosphere azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria；The bacillus packet
Include bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus megaterium.
7. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (3)
Probiotics be specially nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering
+ bacillus megaterium, pseudomonad, graceful radiation hair enzyme, Hall moral Burkholderia, Trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria
Group, anaerobies filiform flora, aerobic Gram positive actinomycetes group, any three kinds or a variety of in yeast flora.
8. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (4)
Plant the raw material that cigarette soil living includes following parts by weight: 80~100 parts of soil moved in improve the original, 80~100 parts of biological organic fertilizer, water-keeping material 20~
30 parts, well-rotted farmyard manure or 300~400 parts of fertile soil, 0~10 part of nutrient.
9. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the soil moved in improve the original packet
Include one of 50% or more rice soil, and the healthy purple soil without worm, red soil, yellow earth or a variety of；The biological organic
Fertile one in " Ji Natai " solid biologic organic fertilizer, " female benefit is strong " solid biologic organic fertilizer, " benefit plant is given birth to " composite microbe fertilizer
Kind is a variety of；The water-keeping material be pore structure TP >=80%, water holding capacity WFP > 70%, water absorption be own wt 5~
8 times of water-keeping material；The farmyard manure is the well-rotted farmyard manure and/or fertile soil after disinfection；It is wrapped in the nutrient
Include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer；The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer includes phosphorus ammonium, potassium sulfate, and three elements ratio is 1:2:1；In the nutrient also
Including supplement fertilizer, the supplement fertilizer is to need to carry out respective element supplement according to after the evaluation of soil nutrient elements Condition of abundance or deficiency
One or more of fertilizer, specially magnesium, silicon, sulphur, boron, zinc, molybdenum, selenium.
10. reparation and the nursing method of disease inoculation tobacco field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the decomposed agriculture
Family's fertilizer is by one of weeds stalk, rice straw, corn stover, rape stalk, sugarcane stalk, wheat stalk or a variety of straight
Row stacking hot fermentation is tapped into form, or the barnyard manure that above-mentioned stalk is mixed with people and animals' fecaluria carry out stacking hot fermentation and
At；The preparation method humous is that the forest surface layer leaf, branch and forest surface layer 0-2cm soil that will be rotted uniformly mix
It closes and is formed.
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