CN110073758A - The method for butchering the mushy stage biological organic fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil with breeding waste sewage and the production of dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry - Google Patents
The method for butchering the mushy stage biological organic fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil with breeding waste sewage and the production of dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses being related to butchering the method in the mushy stage biological organic fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil with breeding waste sewage and the production of dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry, belong to alkaline land improving technical field.This method is to establish grid abatement modules, after the decline of autumn ground vapour and straw-returning, to slight alkaline land to be improved, moderate saline-alkali soil or heavy salinized apply solid organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer, after the rising of spring ground vapour, it sows and applies liquid biological organic fertilizer, liquid biological organic fertilizer is imposed in a manner of foliage-spray or pouring or trickle irrigation after emerging, the continuous uninterrupted cultivation that repeats the above steps is administered -5 years 3 years.The method of the present invention can improve salt-soda soil, do not need to irrigate salt discharge, can solve the problems, such as hardened salt-soda soil, barren, not water storage, fundamentally almost without microorganism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mushy stage biologies butchered with breeding waste sewage and the production of dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry
The method that organic fertilizer improves salt-soda soil, belongs to alkaline land improving technical field.
Background technique
There are about 99,130,000 hectares of salt-soda soil, formation major part and the readily soluble salt in soil of China's alkali-affected soil in China
Accumulation it is related, contain more water soluble salt or alkaline matter.Soil mostly with hardened blocking, seepage of water it is poor based on, it is main to show
Hard, poor air permeability when being sticked when being wet, is dry；Since salinity is more, alkalinity is big, humic acid and beneficial to bacterial content and its low in soil；
Thus serious salt affected soil area, plant can hardly survive.Salt-soda soil is divided into slight, moderate, severe three grades.Light salt
Refer to alkali its emergence rate in 70%-80%, its salt content is below 3/1000ths；Heavy saline refers to that its salt content is super
6/1000ths are crossed, emergence rate is lower than 50%；Therebetween be exactly moderate saline-alkali soil.It is indicated with pH value are as follows: slight saline and alkaline
Ground pH value is 7.1-8.5, and moderate saline-alkali soil pH value is 8.5-9.5, and heavy salinized ground pH value is 9.5 or more.
Traditional modification method salt discharge, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, reduction soil salt content first, then the plant of saline-alkali tolerant is planted, fertilizing soil
Earth, last long-term cropping.The report that can be consulted at present focuses mostly on and is draining, and irrigates the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, warps improvement, rice cultivation or resistance to
Saline and alkaline plant trees, fertilizing improvement and chemical modifying.But the salt-soda soil of so huge area, if irrigation is all taken to arrange
Salt, with the administering method of the great lot of water resources desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, that is, waste and destroy water resource, and made rivers and canals dirty, although this season administer
Salt-soda soil, however as autumn water level decreasing, spring water level rises, and will appear accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon, that is every year will use
Massive laundering salt, so palliative method, loses more than gain.
Summary of the invention
Plant growth is not suitable for and existing administering method water is more to solve salt-soda soil, is easy to appear accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon
Problem, the present invention provides a kind of solid, liquid state biological organic fertilizer comprehensive improvement salt-soda soils produced using cutting offals waste water
Method, the technical solution adopted is as follows:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of utilizations to butcher and breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue natural pond
The method in the mushy stage biological organic fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil of liquid production, this method are butchered and breeding waste sewage and disease with utilizing
The solid-state biological organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer in the improvement salt-soda soil of dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry production are as improvement salt
The fertilizer on alkali ground simultaneously includes the following steps:
(1) grid abatement modules are established；
(2) straw-returning: in front of applying fertilizer to the subsoil and improving the soil fertilizer after autumn harvesting, by stalk whole chopping and returning,
It is even to be spread on earth's surface, rake is turned over after then waiting autumn fertilising；
(3) apply fertilizer to the subsoil and fertilizer of improving the soil: after the decline of autumn ground vapour and straw-returning, to slight alkaline land to be improved, in
Solid organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer heavy salinized are applied in degree salt-soda soil；Wherein: slight alkaline land to be improved per acre
Apply 3m3~5m3Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and cladding thickness be not less than 0.45 centimetre, the ground of slight alkaline land to be improved per acre
The liquid biological organic fertilizer of surface applied 10kg~50kg；Moderate saline-alkali soil to be improved applies 5m per acre3~10m3Solid-state biology
Organic fertilizer and cladding thickness are not less than 0.7 centimetre, per acre the liquid of ground surface application 15kg~80kg of moderate saline-alkali soil to be improved
State biological organic fertilizer；7m is applied heavy salinizedly wait improve per acre3~20m3Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and cladding thickness be not less than
1 centimetre, the liquid biological organic fertilizer of 20kg~100kg is applied wait improve the ground surface on heavy salinized ground per acre；
(4) after the rising of spring ground vapour, seeder sowing and top dressing: is followed in sowing using hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
Kind of a cave is poured onto after liquid biological organic fertilizer is diluted, or using non-hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode first to the earth's surface in salt-soda soil to be improved
Apply liquid biological organic fertilizer ridging or flat planting crop seed again in face；Liquid is imposed in a manner of foliage-spray or pouring after emerging
State biological organic fertilizer；Wherein: when hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode per acre wait improve slight or moderate or it is heavy salinized pour 3.5kg~
The liquid biological organic fertilizer of 6kg, per acre wait improve slight or moderate or heavy salinized ground ground surface when non-hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
The liquid biological organic fertilizer for applying 7kg~12kg, each foliage-spray or pouring impose or trickle irrigation imposes 0.25kg/ after emergence
The liquid biological organic fertilizer of -1.0kg/ mus of mu；
(5) step (1) to the continuous uninterrupted cultivation of step (4) is repeated to administer -5 years 3 years.
Preferably, step (1) it is described establish grid abatement modules be will salt-soda soil grid division be improved, set according to landform
Drainage ditch is set, the area for salt-soda soil to be improved is more than 10,000 mu of plot, is arranged in the minimum depression in salt-soda soil to be improved
Reservoir is for draining flooded fields.
Preferably, each size of mesh opening is that (Work machine maximum distance is 200 meters to width 400m, and two sides operation is 400
Rice), 3 meters of wide work roads are reserved between grid.Each size of mesh opening length, which can extend to topography and change to, to be not suitable for after reneing
Until length.
Preferably, step (2) mode by straw-returning is that stalk is directly shed returning to the field after field crushes.
Preferably, step (3) and step (4) described liquid biological organic fertilizer are first diluted with water 200 times~300 times and apply again
With.
Preferably, further include following steps after fertilising in step (3): deep layer turns over rake underground layer and not ridging, rakes the soil level repeatedly
Until most of particle of soil and fertilizer is harrowed to 10cm hereinafter, simultaneously stalk is all turned over and tipped in soil.It is highly preferred that described
The depth that deep layer turns over rake is 30cm-40cm.The depth is more than that arable layer (usually 25cm) is more conducive to increase salt-soda soil permeability
With the ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture.
Preferably, step (4) crop seed is any one or more in herbage, corn, rice and sorghum.
It is highly preferred that the herbage is fluffy selected from alkali, clover, any one or more in sheep's hay and oat.
Preferably, when step (4) crop seed is corn or sorghum, blade face is respectively carried out in jointing stage and trumpet period
Spray or pour the liquid biological organic fertilizer imposed using cutting offals and waste water production；Step (4) described crop seed is
When herbage, it is to be generated grow to 20-50cm during start carry out first time foliage-spray, every 20 days carry out second of foliage-spray,
Growth period foliage-spray 3-4 times, several times a year it is primary to impose foliar fertilizer after each harvesting again for harvesting kind.
Preferably, using any one planting patterns or more in individually plantation, work, crop rotation and interplanting in step (4)
Kind planting patterns is used in conjunction with.
Mild or moderate of the present invention, moderate, severe three grades salt-soda soil be described as follows:
Slight alkaline land refers to its emergence rate in 70%-80%, and salt content is 3/1000ths hereinafter, slight alkaline land pH
Value is 7.1-8.5；Refer to that salt content is more than 6/1000ths heavy salinizedly, emergence rate is lower than 50%, and heavy salinized ground pH value is
More than 9.5；Salt content and emergence rate therebetween be exactly moderate saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil pH value is 8.5-9.5.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention breaks the necessary salt discharge of tradition improvement Saline-alkali Field Control process, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, reduces soil salt content, then plants
The method of the plant or trees or chemical modifying of saline-alkali tolerant.It is dedicated to following the law of conservation of matter, takes existing according to salt-soda soil
The characteristic of substance, adaptation to local conditions apply plan because of object, and the method for neutralizing saline and alkaline nitre on the spot administers salt-soda soil.It is not to catch up with salt, alkali, nitre
It walks, but application can largely swallow and butcher organic waste waste water using the high protein fat of saline and alkaline nitre degradation, allow solution
The microorganisms such as salt bacterium have host provide continue nutritional support breeding faster, allow organic matter improve salt-soda soil soil aggregate structure,
Carbon-nitrogen ratio is allowed to be suitble to plant growth, so that soil be made to have crop cultivation condition.It adopts a series of measures, fundamentally solves
Salt-soda soil hardened barren (thin arrive grassless degree), not water storage (meeting heavy rain just lateral runoff), almost without microorganism, this three
It is a to cause salt-soda soil not even a blade of grass grows or the critical issue of undergrowth.
Since the present invention establishing grid abatement modules；A large amount of applications can provide host and be held to soil beneficial microbe
The improvement repair saline-land mushy stage biological organic fertilizer of the slaughterhouse organic waste waste water production of continuous nutrition；Deep layer is ploughed repeatedly
Rake, keep the surface area of organic fertilizer and saline-alkali soil bigger, be mixed play a role it is better；Crop rotation interplanting corn sugar grass clover
Deng using the big feature of the high stalk amount of plant, supplementing salt-soda soil carbon resource shortage problem by straw-returning, gradually carry out salt-soda soil
Improvement is repaired.It does not need additionally to apply other chemical fertilizer or compound fertilizer in the method for the present invention, avoid other with chemical fertilizer liquefied
Fertilizer or compound fertilizer cause new problem to salt-soda soil, can gradually carry out alkaline land improving reparation according to the method for the present invention, obtain
Obtain the pure soil of virgin land formula.
Slaughterhouse animal skin, hoof tips, miscellaneous bone, internal organ, blood, foot skin clast, disease are largely applied in the method for the present invention
The organic wastes such as livestock and poultry waste water+biogas slurry+excrement+biogas residue+stalk+straw carbon powder production improvement repair saline-land solid-state has
Machine fertilizer and Liquid organic fertilizer, can provide a large amount of organic matter into salt-soda soil, and soil aggregate structure is promoted to be formed, and adjust soil
In carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various microelements content, be conducive to microbial growth, be conducive to the penetrating water conservation of arable layer, benefit
Recovery in salt-soda soil, and salt-soda soil can be also activated containing a large amount of microorganism in solid organic fertilizer and Liquid organic fertilizer
It is hardened, have the function of being neutralized, degraded, being converted to being unfavorable for the saline and alkaline nitre of plant growth factor in the ingredient of salt-soda soil, it can
Soil ecology vigor is improved rapidly, so that saline-alkali soil is become cultivable by continuous ferti-seeding, until it is good to become high yield
Field.
It applies fertilizer in the method for the present invention main points are as follows: fertilizing in autumn will be after ground vapour decline, and fertilizer applied in the spring season will be on ground vapour
After rising, the two key nodes are grasped, is just avoided that fertilizer efficiency declines with ground vapour and is lost, fertilizer is allowed to play maximum effect.
It emphasizes that liquid fertilizer sprays ground surface respectively at two season of spring in autumn in dose and method of administration, then turns over rake, keep a full stand of seedings conducive to soil moisture conservation.Autumn
Deep layer turns over rake not ridging after season fertilising, because most salt-soda soils region dust storm is wreaked havoc, autumn ridging is unfavorable for water and soil conservation.
Make between alkali is fluffy in the present invention, corn and sugar grass Alfalfa can use, one of crop rotation and interplanting or a variety of
Planting patterns, using alkali it is fluffy absorb it is extra saline and alkaline；Alfalfa solves the problems, such as that this season feeds cattle and sheep；Utilize corn sugar grass
For stalk containing sugar, fiber and carbon content are high, the feature that plant is high, stalk amount is big, with other material excrement etc. after being crushed by stalk
Fertile returning to the field is made after fermentation or gasifying stalk, supplements salt-soda soil carbon source, solves the problems, such as salt-soda soil carbon source deficiency, by by stalk
Returning to the field can make soil obtain more organic matters, play good facilitation for soil aggregate structure formation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is one rice growing way photo of unit in experiment two；
Fig. 2 is two rice growing way photo of unit in experiment two；
Fig. 3 is three rice growing way photo of unit in experiment two.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below, but the present invention should not be limited by the examples.
In the present invention using butcher and breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry production improvement salt-soda soil
Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and the method for liquid biological organic fertilizer carry out in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1: by cutting offals classification of waste at five processing units, wherein by livestock and poultry hoof tips, livestock and poultry bone and whole
Head disease livestock and poultry merge into first processing units；Livestock and poultry offal and livestock and poultry foot skin clast merge into the second processing unit, by livestock and poultry
Hair by biogas slurry or the urine and livestock and poultry blood that are separated by solid-liquid separation from feces of livestock and poultry and contains out as third processing unit
Blood waste water merges into fourth processing unit；By slaughter hall turn over the tripe excrement that intestines tripe comes out, in biogas residue and excrement any one or
It is a variety of be separated by solid-liquid separation respectively to water content be 50%~90% after with length 1 centimetre below and water content be 15%~
30% crop crushing straw merges into the 5th processing unit；First processing units to fourth processing unit are subjected to high temperature respectively
High pressure sterilization disinfection treatment, then carries out pulverization process for first processing units, the second processing unit, third processing unit respectively
To -60 mesh of 20 mesh；Fourth processing unit is directly stirred mixed processing；Wherein: first processing units are 160 in step 1
DEG C~194 DEG C, superhigh-temperature and-pressure sterilizing is carried out under conditions of 1.3MPa handles 1h or more；The second processing unit is 121
DEG C~135 DEG C, high temperature high pressure sterilizing is carried out under conditions of 0.15MPa~0.2MPa disinfects 0.5h or less；Third processing is single
Member is to carry out sterilizing under conditions of 0.2MPa~0.4MPa at 200 DEG C~300 DEG C and handle 30s-60s；Fourth processing unit
Be 121 DEG C~127 DEG C, 0.15MPa under conditions of sterilize 8s-15s；
Step 2: by material and whey powder, red through step 1 treated first processing units to fourth processing unit
Sugar or molasses and maize flour are compounded collectively as fermentation raw material, are delivered to the hair by sterilization treatment after mixing evenly
In fermentation tank, temperature adjustment to hydrolysis temperature and be added be made of keratinase, papain, alkali protease and lipase it is compound
Enzyme is digested, and is cooled to after the completion of enzymatic hydrolysis for the first time and the fermentation temperature of aerobe fermentation, be then inoculated with lactobacillus and saccharomycete into
Row for the first time and aerobe fermentation, is cooled to the fermentation temperature of second of aerobic fermentation after fermentation, inoculation bacillus licheniformis and
Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering carries out second of aerobic fermentation, filtered after the completion of second aerobic fermentation supernatant is that liquid is raw
Organic fertilizer finished product, sediment are used to produce the additive of solid-state biological organic fertilizer；Wherein: at first processing units to fourth process
Reason unit, whey powder, brown sugar or molasses and maize flour are compounded according to following parts by weight: 5 parts of first processing units-
30 parts, 5 parts -20 parts of the second processing unit, 5 parts -20 parts of third processing unit, 30 parts -80 parts of fourth processing unit, whey powder 2
Parts -5 parts, 2-10 parts of brown sugar or 5 parts -20 parts of molasses, 2 parts -10 parts of maize flour；Total addition quality of complex enzyme is hair in fermentor
The 0.1%-1.0% of ferment raw material gross weight；Keratinase, papain, alkali protease and lipase in the complex enzyme
It is compounded according to following parts by weight: 5 parts -30 parts of keratinase, 5 parts -30 parts of papain, 5 part -30 of alkali protease
Part, 5 parts -30 parts of lipase；The condition of enzymatic hydrolysis are as follows: hydrolysis temperature is 45 DEG C -55 DEG C, enzymolysis time 2h-6h, and in the enzymatic hydrolysis phase
Between every 15min stir 15min；For the first time and the fermentation temperature of aerobe fermentation is 40 ± 2 DEG C, fermentation time 17h, during fermentation
15min is stirred every 2h-3h；The fermentation temperature of second of aerobic fermentation is 34 ± 2 DEG C, fermentation time 48h, is fermented the phase
Between every 2h-3h stir 15min；Lactobacillus, saccharomycete, bacillus licheniformis and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering total inoculum concentration be hair
The 0.1%~1% of fermentation raw material total weight in fermentation tank；Wherein the percentage of the total inoculum concentration of each bacterium inoculum concentration Zhan is respectively as follows: newborn bar
Bacterium 10%~60%, saccharomycete 10%~50%, bacillus licheniformis 10%~50%, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 10%~
50%；Lactobacillus is preferably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and saccharomycete is preferably outstanding fourth Pichia yeast；
Step 3: the sediment that step 2 is obtained is 50%~90% through filters pressing to water content, then single with the 5th processing
Member is re-dubbed fermentation raw material, and adds decomposed strain, carry out after aerobic mixed fermentation up to solid-state biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product its
In: each component is compounded according to following parts by weight in step 3: 10 parts -30 parts of the sediment after filters pressing；Slaughter hall turns over intestines tripe and goes out
Any one or more in tripe excrement, biogas residue and the excrement come carries out separation of solid and liquid and 30 part -70 of mixed mixture respectively
Part；Length is at 1 centimetre 30-70 parts of crop crushing straw below；The total addition level of the decomposed strain are as follows: every cubic metre of fermentation
The decomposed strain of 1kg-2kg is added in raw material；The condition of the aerobic mixed fermentation are as follows: temperature is 20 DEG C -70 DEG C, and fermentation time is
15 days~45 days, work as during aerobic mixed fermentation primary at interval of turning in 2-3 days after temperature rises to 50 DEG C；To stalk color
Blackening, a touching are i.e. disconnected；Excrement odorless, sampling observation microbiological indicator meet biological organic fertilizer standard regulation, that is, complete it is decomposed, it is decomposed
After the completion up to solid-state biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product；
Step 4: by step 3 obtain biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product puddled together with stalk carbon dust uniformly directly as
The powdered finished product of solid-state biological organic fertilizer or the particle after being granulated the material after puddling as solid-state biological organic fertilizer
Shape finished product, or by step 3 obtain biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product packed respectively with stalk carbon dust and apply when scene mix
It mixes；Wherein biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product and stalk carbon dust are according to following weight percent configuration biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product
70%-95%, stalk carbon dust 5%-30%.The solid-state that the solid-state biological organic fertilizer finished product meets National agricultural ministry standard is raw
Organic fertilizer, can pulverulence directly apply, can also be to be applied after mixing granulation, can be with matching while using to prevent between storage period
Stalk carbon dust will cause nitrogen source in biological organic fertilizer and lose.
Embodiment 1
A kind of utilization is present embodiments provided to butcher and breeding waste sewage and the production of dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry
Mushy stage biological organic fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil method, this method use cutting offals waste water production solid-state biological organic
Fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer as fertilizer and in accordance with the following steps progress:
(1) grid abatement modules are established: will salt-soda soil grid division be improved, each size of mesh opening be width 400m, each
Size of mesh opening length can extend to until topography changes to and be not suitable for continuing extension, and 3 meters of wide work roads, root are reserved between grid
Drainage ditch is set according to landform, the area for salt-soda soil to be improved is more than 10,000 mu of plot, in the minimum of salt-soda soil to be improved
Depression setting reservoir is for draining flooded fields.
(2) straw-returning: in front of applying fertilizer to the subsoil and improving the soil fertilizer after autumn harvesting, stalk is all crushed directly in field
It connects and sheds returning to the field, be uniformly spread on earth's surface, then deep layer after autumn fertilising is waited to turn over rake；
(3) apply fertilizer to the subsoil and fertilizer of improving the soil: autumn after ground vapour decline and straw-returning, applies to slight alkaline land to be improved
Solid organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer, deep layer turn over rake underground layer and not ridging, and the depth that deep layer turns over rake is 30cm-40cm,
The depth is more than that arable layer (usually 25cm) is more conducive to increase salt-soda soil permeability and retain and conserve soil moisture ability, rake the soil level repeatedly until
Most of particle of soil and fertilizer is harrowed to 10cm hereinafter, simultaneously stalk all turns over and tips soil in；Wherein: slight wait improve per acre
Apply 3m in salt-soda soil3~5m3Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and cladding thickness be not less than 0.45 centimetre, it is slight saline and alkaline wait improve per acre
The liquid biological organic fertilizer of the ground surface application 10kg~50kg on ground；
(4) after the rising of spring ground vapour, seeder sowing and top dressing: is followed in sowing using hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
Kind of a cave is poured onto after liquid biological organic fertilizer is diluted, or using non-hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode first to the earth's surface in salt-soda soil to be improved
Apply liquid biological organic fertilizer ridging or flat planting crop seed again in face；Liquid is imposed in a manner of foliage-spray or pouring after emerging
State biological organic fertilizer；Wherein: slight alkaline land to be improved pours the liquid life of 3.5kg~6kg per acre when hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
Organic fertilizer, the liquid biological of slight alkaline land ground surface application 7kg~12kg to be improved per acre when non-hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
Organic fertilizer, each foliage-spray or pouring impose 0.25kg/ mus -1.0kg/ mus of liquid biological organic fertilizer after emergence；Crop Species
Son is any one or more in herbage, corn, rice and sorghum, and herbage is fluffy selected from alkali, clover, appointing in sheep's hay and oat
It anticipates one or more, when crop seed is corn or sorghum, foliage-spray is respectively carried out in jointing stage and trumpet period or is poured to chase after
Apply the liquid biological organic fertilizer produced using cutting offals and waste water；It is to be grown when step (4) crop seed is herbage
To progress first time foliage-spray is started during 20-50cm, every 20 days carry out second of foliage-spray, growth period foliage-spray
3-4 times, several times a year it is primary to impose foliar fertilizer after each harvesting again for harvesting kind；It can be using individually plantation, work, crop rotation
With in interplanting any one planting patterns or a variety of planting patterns be used in conjunction with；
(5) step (1) to the continuous uninterrupted cultivation of step (4) is repeated to administer -5 years 3 years.
Embodiment 2
It present embodiments provides and a kind of utilization is provided butchers and breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry
The method in the mushy stage biological organic fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil of production, this method the difference from embodiment 1 is that: it is every in step (3)
Mu moderate saline-alkali soil to be improved applies 5m3~10m3Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and cladding thickness be not less than 0.7 centimetre, per acre to
Improve the liquid biological organic fertilizer of ground surface application 15kg~80kg of moderate saline-alkali soil；Moderate to be improved per acre in step (4)
Slight alkaline land dose to be improved per acre in salt-soda soil dose and 1 step of embodiment (4).
Embodiment 3
It present embodiments provides and a kind of utilization is provided butchers and breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry
Production mushy stage biological organic fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil method, this method the difference from embodiment 1 is that: per acre wait improve weight
It spends salt-soda soil and applies 7m3~20m3Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and cladding thickness be not less than 1 centimetre, it is heavy salinized wait improve per acre
The liquid biological organic fertilizer of the ground surface application 20kg~100kg on ground；Per acre wait improve heavy salinized ground dose in step (4)
With slight alkaline land dose to be improved per acre in 1 step of embodiment (4).
The regulation effect of method to illustrate the invention has carried out following experiment:
Experiment one, the experiment of heavy salinized ground maize planting
1, plot is tested: the improvement salt-soda soil mushy stage biological organic fertilizer sample plot of application cutting offals waste water preparation
Block is located at Heilongjiang Province, Daxing, Zhaoyuan County township salt-soda soil (typical Baijiang soil in grand celebration seven boundarys of oil recovery), has opened up wasteland and planted jade
Meter Er Nian, strain carefully short Huang, knot stick is short and small or curved rod, the back of a bow have grain, and curved nest does not tie grain, and ear barren tip is serious, and some plant do not tie stick, soil
The hardened whiting in ground.Be identified as heavy salinizedly (meet it is heavy salinized ground index: salt content is more than 6/1000ths, emergence rate
Lower than 50%, heavy salinized ground pH value is 9.5 or more).
2, test material:
Corn variety: prestige educates No. 2；
Base fertilizer: the liquid butchered with breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry production improvement salt-soda soil is utilized
State biological organic fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as liquid biological organic fertilizer, production method of the preparation method referring to 1 top of embodiment), utilizes Tu
Solid-state biological organic fertilizer (the following letter in government official and breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry production improvement salt-soda soil
Claim solid-state biological organic fertilizer, production method of the preparation method referring to 1 top of embodiment), chemical fertilizer diammonium, potassium sulfate, specific application
Measure as follows: processing plot 1-4: base fertilizer applies liquid biological organic fertilizer 100kg/ mus and 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer；
Plot 5 is handled as control: base fertilizer applies 50 kgs/acre of chemical fertilizer diammonium, 15 kgs/acre of potassium sulfate.
Top dressing: processing plot 1-2 does not chase after urea, and processing 3-5 chases after 20kg/ mus of urea, and liquid biological organic fertilizer is primary
0.25kg/ mus；
Liquid biological organic fertilizer dilution process: fertilising before it is current be now watered dilution 300 times of liquid after apply again.
3, test method: test sets five processing plot, compares random alignment using great Qu, each processing is respectively:
Processing one is handled according to the method for embodiment 3, and wherein base fertilizer applies 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer+liquid
100 kgs/acre of state biological organic fertilizer, June 22 jointing stage, 0.25kg/ mus of the liquid biological organic fertilizer of foliage-spray one time, gave birth to
Urea is not chased after in phase；
Processing two, base fertilizer apply 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer+100 kgs/acre of liquid biological organic fertilizer, jointing
25 days+big bell mouth stage July 11 June phase, breeding time was total respectively at foliage-spray liquid biological organic fertilizer 0.25kg/ mu/time
It is secondary to spray liquid biological organic fertilizer, urea is not chased after in breeding time, remaining is handled according to the method for embodiment 3；
Processing three, base fertilizer apply 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer+100 kgs/acre of liquid biological organic fertilizer, jointing
25 days+big bell mouth stage July 11 June phase is respectively at 0.25kg/ mus of foliage-spray liquid biological organic fertilizer total secondary+breeding times
Interior June 18 chased after 20 kgs/acre of urea, remaining is handled according to the method for embodiment 3；
Processing four is handled according to the method for embodiment 3, in which: base fertilizer applies 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer+liquid
100 kgs/acre of state biological organic fertilizer, June 18 chased after 20 kgs/acre of urea in conventional spraying fertilizer breeding time, and it is raw not spray liquid
Organic fertilizer, remaining is handled according to the method for embodiment 3；
50 kgs/acre of chemical fertilizer diammonium of application of processing five, control base fertilizer, 15 kgs/acre of potassium sulfate, conventional spraying fertilizer breeding time
Interior June 18 chased after 20 kgs/acre of urea, did not applied solid-state biological organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer.
Sowing on April 28, sowing apply 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer+liquid according to processing one to processing four simultaneously
100 kgs/acre of state biological organic fertilizer；Five 15 kgs/acre of 50 kgs/acre+potassium sulfate of chemical fertilizer diammonium of application of processing, 24 sunrise in May
Seedling, chemical weed eradication is primary in breeding time, and intertillage management three times.The same Production of Large Fields of field management technology measure.
1.2 test results and analysis:
1.2.1 breeding time field investigation result and analysis:
Table 1 respectively handles maize growth process and associated biomolecule character application form
The solid-liquid fertilizer and chemical fertilizer that June 28 is prepared by investigation application compare, and Leaf ageeourse difference, plant height compare the aobvious increasing of illumination
Add；Harvest time respectively handles underground, overground part dry weight condition survey result: the mushy stage biological organic fertilizer condition of base fertilizer application preparation
Under, top dressing apply liquid biological organic fertilizer, processing three spray it is secondary+chase after urea, subterranean root average dry weight 1.34 kilograms/10
Strain, processing two spray secondary liquid biological organic fertilizer, 1.29 kilograms/10 plants of subterranean root average dry weight, increase respectively than control
56.6%, 54.5%, show to spray that liquid biological organic fertilizer is secondary can to promote Maize Roots.Two, three stems are handled simultaneously
Bar and fruit ear dry weight are also significantly greater than control five.
Whole Corn Biomass Yield handles three > and handles two > processing four >, one > of processing processing five, shows base fertilizer application system
The liquid fertilizer that standby mushy stage biological organic fertilizer, top dressing apply preparation again is secondary, can increase root amount and provides crop water suction and inhale fertile energy
Power, promotes plant growth, and output increased amplitude is big.It compares and handles two and processing three, under base fertilizer same case, three ratio of processing is handled
Two impose 20 kilograms of urea more per acre, but handle three yield and be only higher by 1.7 kilograms than processing two, are not significantly increased, explanation
It is not necessary to application urea, escapable cost, and crop quality is improved, while soil being protected to reduce pollution by chemical fertilizer.
1.2.2, yield result and analysis
Yield shape investigation result see the table below 2.
The investigation of 2 yield traits of table
1.2.3 experimental summary
Investigated through field yield character and indoor species test the result shows that: spray the secondary processing two of liquid biological organic fertilizer,
Three spike length, fringe slightly increase, and ear barren tip reduces, and curved rod is almost without grain number per spike increases, and 100-grain weight increased, and handles two, tertiary industry
Amount (is applied solid-state biological organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer and is compareed with chemical fertilizer) theoretical yield than control treatment five and increases
58.3%-58.2%, actual production increase 42.7-42.6%；Obvious effect of increasing production；Illustrate that application utilizes cutting offals waste water
The solid, liquid state biological organic fertilizer of preparation is successful according to the method for the present invention application comprehensive improvement salt-soda soil.
Experiment two, the experiment of heavy salinized ground rice cultivation
1, rice cultivation test plot, be located at Heilongjiang Province Zhaoyuan County Daxing township salt-soda soil (grand celebration recover the oil seven boundarys in allusion quotation
Type Baijiang soil), be identified as heavy salinizedly (meet it is heavy salinized ground index: salt content is more than 6/1000ths, and emergence rate is low
In 50%, heavy salinized ground pH value is 9.5 or more).
2, test material:
Rice varieties: japonica rice 18 of pacifying；
It is raw with the liquid of breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry production improvement salt-soda soil using butchering
Organic fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as liquid biological organic fertilizer, production method of the preparation method referring to the top of embodiment 1), using butchering and
Breeding waste sewage and the solid-state biological organic fertilizer in dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry production improvement salt-soda soil are (hereinafter referred to as solid
State biological organic fertilizer, production method of the preparation method referring to 1 top of embodiment)；Field management measure and technology are referring to embodiment 3
It carries out, other measures are the same as general paddy rice planting method.
Dose: mashing of raking the soil level in Yu Wuyue 4th, after discharging water 1-2 unit base fertilizer application 7 cubic metres of solid-state biological organic fertilizer/
100 kilograms of 50 kgs/acre+liquid biological organic fertilizer of mu+siliceous fertilizer (flyash)；Seedbed phase, tillering stage, heading stage apply liquid respectively
The 0.5 kg/acre of top dressing of state biological organic fertilizer, the solarization root phase, which sprinkles, applies 5 kgs/acre of liquid biological organic fertilizer.Comparatively plot the 3rd is single
Member, base fertilizer apply 50 kgs/acre of 50 kgs/acre+potassium sulfate of chemical fertilizer Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 15 kgs/acre+siliceous fertilizer (flyash), and top dressing is applied
With 25 kgs/acre of urea.
Liquid biological organic fertilizer dilution process: fertilising before it is current be now watered dilution 300 times of liquid after apply again.
3, test method:
Test sets three experimental considerations units, compares random alignment using great Qu, each experimental considerations unit is respectively 3 mu of ground.
Unit one is handled according to 3 method of embodiment, and wherein base fertilizer applies 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer+siliceous fertilizer
50 kgs/acre+100 kilograms of liquid biological organic fertilizer of (flyash, for resistant to lodging)；One lobus cardiacus of 15-20 in April seedbed phase two leaf of day
Face sprays once, is spaced 15 days second；Slow seedling tillering stage foliage-spray is primary after transplant planting, heading stage foliage-spray one
Secondary, liquid fertilizer usage amount is 0.25 kg/acre every time, dilutes 250 times of liquid, and 8-9 month, which discharges water, shines root, sprinkles and applies Liquid organic fertilizer 5
Kg/acre.Do not impose urea；
Unit two, base fertilizer application 7 cubic metre/mu of solid-state biological organic fertilizer+siliceous fertilizer (flyash, for resistant to lodging) 50 are public
Pound/acre+100 kilograms of liquid biological organic fertilizer；15-20 day April seedbed phase two leaves wholeheartedly foliage-spray it is primary, be spaced 15 days second
It is secondary；Slow seedling tillering stage foliage-spray is primary after transplant planting, heading stage foliage-spray is primary.Liquid biological organic fertilizer usage amount is
0.25 kg/acre every time, 250 times of liquid are diluted, shines in 8-9 month with but does not sprinkle and apply Liquid organic fertilizer, but imposed within breeding time
15 kilograms of urea, remaining is carried out according to embodiment 3；
Unit three, (flyash is used for base fertilizer application 50 kgs/acre+potassium sulfate of chemical fertilizer Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 15 kgs/acre+siliceous fertilizer
It is resistant to lodging) 50 kgs/acre, top dressing applies 25 kgs/acre of urea, remaining is carried out according to embodiment 3.
April 3 greenhouse seeding and seedling raising, April 10 sunrise full stand, beginning rice transplanting to the end of month May 10 inserted.Other field pipes
Reason technical measures are generally produced with rice.
1.2 test results:
1.2.1 growth period field investigation July 20
3 each unit paddy growth process of table and associated biomolecule character application form
| Unit | The above plant height cm of the water surface | The number of blade | Tiller number | Stem thickness mm | Root system cm |
| 1 does not impose urea | 70.5 | 11 | 6 | 3.9 | 15.4 |
| 2 impose urea | 71.8 | 11 | 6 | 3.9 | 13.2 |
| 3 full chemical fertilizer | 64.5 | 11 | 4 | 2.7 | 10.2 |
The solid-liquid fertilizer and chemical fertilizer of investigation application preparation on July 20 compare, and the above difference in plant height of the water surface is big, number of blade indifference
It is different；Tiller number difference is obvious, stem thickness and root system comparison, unit one of the application mushy stage biological organic fertilizer without applying urea top dressing
> has used three > of unit of the full chemical fertilizer of two > of unit of urea, shows that base fertilizer application mushy stage biological organic fertilizer, top dressing are applied again
With the liquid fertilizer of preparation it is secondary+to shine Gen Poshi primary, can increase stem thickness and root amount, improve crop and absorb water fertilizer sucting ability, promote to make
Object growth.Having used urea top dressing, root system is undeveloped instead.Unit one is as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3 to three rice growing way figure of unit.
1.2.2 yield result and analysis September 20th:
Yield traits are investigated before 4 harvest time of table
| Control | Plant height cm | Spike length cm | 100-grain weight g | Fringe point empty grain rate % | Kg/ mus of actual production |
| Unit one | 77 | 15.7 | 21 | 0.3 | 578.5 |
| Unit two | 78 | 14.9 | 19 | 1.6 | 520.2 |
| Unit three | 59 | 11.5 | 13.2 | 3.4 | 367.7 |
1.2.3 experimental summary
Application utilizes the liquid butchered with breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry production improvement salt-soda soil
State biological organic fertilizer and solid-state biological organic fertilizer play the role of activating alkaline land soil, and rice tillering is more, well developed root system.Unit
One is significantly better than the unit three of all application chemical fertilizer with plant height, spike length, 100-grain weight, the fringe point empty grain rate of unit two；Yield ratio
Control unit three is higher by 63.56-70.68%；Illustrate application using cutting offals waste water preparation solid-state biological organic fertilizer and
Liquid biological organic fertilizer has the remarkable result in comprehensive improvement salt-soda soil according to the method for the present invention application.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiment as above, its protection scope being not intended to limit the invention,
It is all that modifying or equivalently replacing the technical solution of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention,
It should all cover within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the mushy stage biological organic with breeding waste sewage and the production of dead livestock and poultry straw biogas residue biogas slurry is butchered in a kind of utilization
The method in fertilizer improvement salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that the method is to butcher and breeding waste sewage and dead livestock and poultry straw biogas
Slag biogas slurry production improvement salt-soda soil solid-state biological organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer as improvement salt-soda soil fertilizer simultaneously
Include the following steps:
(1) grid abatement modules are established；
(2) straw-returning: in front of applying fertilizer to the subsoil and improving the soil fertilizer after autumn harvesting, stalk whole chopping and returning is uniformly spread
In earth's surface, rake is turned over after then waiting autumn fertilising；
(3) it applies fertilizer to the subsoil and fertilizer of improving the soil: after the decline of autumn ground vapour and straw-returning, to slight alkaline land to be improved, moderate salt
Alkali or heavy salinized apply solid organic fertilizer and liquid biological organic fertilizer；Wherein: slight alkaline land application to be improved per acre
3m3~5m3Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and cladding thickness be not less than 0.45 centimetre, the ground surface of slight alkaline land to be improved per acre
Apply the liquid biological organic fertilizer of 10kg~50kg；Moderate saline-alkali soil to be improved applies 5m per acre3~10m3Solid-state biological organic
Fertile and cladding thickness is not less than 0.7 centimetre, and the liquid of ground surface application 15kg~80kg of moderate saline-alkali soil to be improved is raw per acre
Organic fertilizer；7m is applied heavy salinizedly wait improve per acre3~20m3Solid-state biological organic fertilizer and cladding thickness be not less than 1 li
Rice applies the liquid biological organic fertilizer of 20kg~100kg wait improve the ground surface on heavy salinized ground per acre；
(4) sowing and top dressing: after the rising of spring ground vapour, follow seeder by liquid in sowing using hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
It is poured onto kind of a cave after the dilution of state biological organic fertilizer, or is first applied to the ground surface in salt-soda soil to be improved using non-hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
With liquid biological organic fertilizer ridging or flat planting crop seed again；It is raw that liquid is imposed in a manner of foliage-spray or pouring after emerging
Organic fertilizer；Wherein: per acre wait improve slight or moderate or heavy salinized pour 3.5kg~6kg when hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
Liquid biological organic fertilizer, applied per acre wait improve slight or moderate or heavy salinized ground ground surface when non-hole irrigation for seeding cultivation mode
The liquid biological organic fertilizer of 7kg~12kg, after emergence each foliage-spray or pour impose or trickle irrigation impose 0.25kg/ mus-
1.0kg/ mus of liquid biological organic fertilizer；
(5) step (1) to the continuous uninterrupted cultivation of step (4) is repeated to administer -5 years 3 years.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein step (1) it is described establish grid abatement modules be will be wait change
Drainage ditch is arranged according to landform in good salt-soda soil grid division, and the area for salt-soda soil to be improved is more than 10,000 mu of plot,
Minimum depression setting reservoir in salt-soda soil to be improved is used to drain flooded fields.
3. 3 meters reserved between grid according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, each size of mesh opening is width 400m
Wide work road.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein step (2) mode by straw-returning is by stalk
Returning to the field is directly shed after field crushes.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein step (3) and step (4) liquid biological organic fertilizer are first
200 times~300 times are diluted with water to apply again.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein further including following steps after applying fertilizer in step (3): deep layer is turned over
Underground layer and not ridging are harrowed, and stalk is all turned over and tipped in soil, the depth that deep layer turns over rake is 30cm-40cm.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein step (4) crop seed is herbage, corn, rice
With any one or more in sorghum.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the herbage is fluffy selected from alkali, clover, in sheep's hay and oat
Any one or more.
9. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that step (4) crop seed be corn or sorghum when, in
Jointing stage and trumpet period respectively carry out foliage-spray or pour to impose to have using the liquid biological of cutting offals and waste water production
Machine fertilizer；Step (4) crop seed be herbage when, it is to be generated grow to 20-50cm during start carry out first time foliage-spray,
Every second of the foliage-spray of progress in 20 days, growth period foliage-spray 3-4 times several times a year gathers in kind and chases after again after each harvesting
It is primary to apply foliar fertilizer.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein using individually plantation, work, crop rotation and set in step (4)
Any one planting patterns or a variety of planting patterns in kind are used in conjunction with.
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