CN105638019B - A kind of method of returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in Rotation System - Google Patents
A kind of method of returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in Rotation System Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, the method for specifically disclosing returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in a kind of Rotation System.It is more that straw-returning technology is related to the factor, such as natural environment thermophilic foot water, microorganism boosting decomposition mineralising nutrient, reduces stalk carbon-nitrogen ratio, avoids striving nitrogen with crop, it is necessary to increase nitrogen；Microbial bacteria mixes stalk, and cellulose wood quality just starts decomposition；Guided among humic acid, the conversion of the cellulose such as Trichoderma whole process boosting rice wheat, just cause soil to become penetrating loose, soil fertility increases after cellulose conversion increases the soil organism, and mineralising.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, returning total stalks into fields biology disappears in specifically a kind of Rotation System
The method for solving rehabilitating soil.
Background technology
Wheat-rice rotation area of China area is wide, is mainly distributed on some areas such as Yangtze river basin two sides, northern Suzhou, the Huaibei, Henan,
It is major grain producing area.This area soil fertility is good, and light warm resource foot, annual rainfall is enriched, and grain yield is high, planting industry, supports
It is relatively flourishing to grow industry, economical rich, per capita income is high；Agricultural byproduct is more simultaneously, and stalk yield is also quite a lot of.Last century 80
Before age, crop material is used for animal feed, life fuel, partly for raw materials for production such as Edible mushroom processing industry.Epoch
Developing, rural area fuel uses propane gas, oil gas instead, and no longer cultivates farm cattle, and a large amount of stalks have little time digestion conversion, into
For burden on society, accumulation forms pollution sources.
Rice wheat straw returning to the field technology was included in fertilizing soil research topic before 60 years.Two barrier factors hinder rice wheat straw
Stalk total crop return.First, crop-residue incorporation is more, two, 3,000 kilograms of the fresh stalk of per mu yield, agro-farming machinery is few, and arable layer is shallow, and fresh grass is more,
It can not turn over and bury, can not fast degradation decomposing straw fiber；Second, wheatland strong sprout, which grows, needs available nutrient, straw is decomposed thin
Bacterium decomposes required available nutrient, and nitrogen is contention object, and every mu of fertilizer application amount is inadequate, and wheat seeding nitrogen stress grows yellow and thin and weak, agriculture
The people are reluctant to use straw-returning technology.On-site incineration is used mostly, the wasting of resources, jeopardizes environment again.Prohibit burning with various regions to make out
Platform, government subsidy straw-returning measure, every mu of fertilizer amount are incremented by, and there is subsidy in large-scale agricultural machinery government, and agricultural machinery and implement expense is protected
Barrier, composite factor are advantageous to rice wheat straw returning to the field.
Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou area, Shanghai City are the efficient areas that rice wheat high yield technique is promoted, and the past substantially completes by labour
, the present large quantities of transfers of labour, labor cost soars, and fine techniques are difficult to implement, and rice wheat is broadcast in extensive cultivation, influences the steady of grain yield
Fixed and food security.Therefore, a set of farming area in Zuogong soil of innovation, saves labor, and new technology drives rice wheat straw returning to the field side
Formula method, peasant economy ability can receive, and facilitate engineering department to grasp, and it is effective to popularize, and specifically be exactly to increase production
Upgrading, which increases income, to be obtained the measure of benefit and is only and preferably pursues a goal.
The content of the invention
The present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, is economized on resources for Liang Shu areas straw-returning, saves artificial, full dose stalk
Returning to the field, improve resolution mineralising efficiency, there is provided a kind of method of returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in Rotation System.
To achieve the above object, the method for designing returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in a kind of Rotation System,
It is characterized in that：
（1）While gathering in crop, crop material full dose is stayed in cultivated land；
（2）Crop material is cut, crushes stalk section for 5 ~ 15 centimetre lengths；
（3）While crop material section carries out shearing crushing, the special digestion solution of Trichoderma, every mu of sprinkling are equably sprayed
Special 50 ~ the 80kg of digestion solution of Trichoderma, once sprinkling are completed；
（4）The otch of crop material section has bleeding sap and oozed out, and the special digestion solution of Trichoderma, which is seeded in stalk otch, to be oozed
In the bleeding sap gone out, by the nutrient and moisture of bleeding sap, Trichoderma is smoothly entered stalk growth inside and breed；
（5）The crop material Duan Ping of the special digestion solution of inoculated Trichoderma is spread in cultivated land；
（6）Solid nitrogen chemical fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on tiling crop material, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 10 ~ 30kg；
（7）Crop material Hua plough is turned over while spreading fertilizer over the fields nitrogen chemical fertilizer and buried；
（8）Using the feature of rich production cellulose degrading enzyme in Trichoderma metabolic process, can quick decomposition stalk fibre, acceleration
Conversion, rotten plant mineralising, produce available nutrient, are absorbed for the crop subsequently planted；
（9）The organic matter that the stalk after rotten plant adds soil is decomposed, the permeability of soil is improved, improves soil
Agriculture workability of soil.
The special digestion solution of described Trichoderma includes trichoderma, water, and its percentage by weight is 10%：90%, described wood
Mould agent includes trichoderma bacterium powder, middle trace element, and its percentage by weight is 95%：5%, in every gram of trichoderma bacterium powder bacteria containing amount be 200,000,000 ~
2.5 hundred million.
Described middle trace element includes the whole in boron, molybdenum and zinc.
Described cultivated land is that either Winter paddy field-rice crop rotation docking field or wheat are big in green manure-rice crop rotation docking field
Either crop rotation exchanges docking field between rapeseed-rice crop rotation docking field or year border in wheat-rice crop rotation docking field.
Described crop material for maturation can receive and fresh rice straw either Barley straw or wheat stalk or
Maize straw either rape stalk or broad bean stalk.
Described nitrogen chemical fertilizer is carbon ammonium, sulphur ammonium, urea.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, using in a kind of crop rotation cultivating system clear up returning to the field stalk rehabilitating soil side
Method, resolution returning to the field stalk implement year after year, problematic soils can be repaired, and lean soil can be fertile, hardened soil can loose ventilation,
Dead soil can become soil living, and flora can symbiosis；The biocontrol effect comprehensive effect of straw-returning is obvious during sowing, and cost reduces, and subtracts
Fertilizer subtracts medicine, increasing both production and income, and soil ecology is improved.
Embodiment
One mu of topsoil, 667 square metres × 20 centimetres depths, about 150,000 kilograms soil weight, Returning Application of Crop Straw because paddy and wheat,
Corn, rape, broad bean, green manure etc. are different because of kind, differ greatly, and every mu of stalk is from 300 kilograms ~ 3000 kilograms；Crop sowing
Linking season in season is tight, and the time is short, and stalk can not degrade decomposed in short term, and intact plant is difficult decomposedization, and biology can not utilize, soil
Earth can not more be cleared up, that is, straw-returning resolution obstruction factor is more, and organic resources can not be utilized quickly, in face of this season crop
Bring and strive fertilizer, try to make a good showing, destroy original colony balance in soil layer, so importing the boostings such as Trichoderma, chemical nitrogen fertilizer, crop decomposing agent
Catalyst, resolution mineralising locality returning to the field stalk, is crushed in harvesting stalk, connects strain, and maturing process shortens at two months or so, on
Season straw-returning propulsion this season crop growth, stable yields synergy rich soil.Because of crop rotation farming, stubble in crop rotation cultivating system
Mouth collocation docking crop uses distinct methods.
Such as green manure-rice crop rotation docking field, gather in before rice 10 ~ 15 days, set is sown into green manure safflower grass seed, water suction hair
Bud, no-tillage, harvesting, paddy, straw dry in field, start shipment heap rice pile, and about 10 ~ 25% total amount straw process raw material, and retain and protect
Complete this batch of straw resource.The closing of green manure Chinese milk vetch lack light, nutrition is poor, every mu of 667 square metres of areas in rice field about 10 days
50 ~ 80 kilograms of special digestion solutions of Trichoderma are sprayed, keeps a full stand of seedings, help seedling, vertical seedling to encourage into strong sprout, ditch 20 ~ 30 centimetres, ditch soil is scattered
In furrow back, antifreeze water conservation, Chinese milk vetch to Second Year full-bloom stage in 4 ~ May gathers in 1000 ~ 2000 kilograms of fresh grass, turns over rear retting water
Rice base manure.
Such as Winter paddy field-rice crop rotation docking field, winter improvement low-yield land, the change of soil soil property is soft, and next year rehydration becomes crisp
It is sliding, converted to fertile soil.Before fresh straw harvesting, stalk cell tissue water content is high, and plant is hard, tender and crisp.Some lodging rice field semilate rice
Grass is using good come total crop return, applicability.It can turn over and bury after crushed, rotary cultivator plough layer of digging is shallow, can not be whole straw
Soil layer is embedded to, part straw will be left outside, be turned over Hua ploughing, can cover chopping straw substantially, unnecessary straw, which dries, gives over to it
His purposes.
Rice stub wound is stayed in every mu of fresh 1000 ~ 2000 kilograms of straw amount, cutting, and plant is ground into 5 ~ 15 centimetres of segments, about
10000000 segments, there is juice to blend bleeding sap outside and leak.Using modern technologies, the special digestion solution of Trichoderma is sprayed, Trichoderma is dived
Enter segment openning, merged with the bleeding sap of fresh straw, Trichoderma draws straw nutrition, promotes Trichoderma growth and breeding to expand bacterium.Press
Conventional winter wheat crop applies chemical nitrogen fertilizer deep placement and makees base manure, and 40% is made for thing base manure, slowly supplies wheat plant growth, 60%, which buries, supplements
Nitrogen source, stalk carbon-nitrogen ratio is reduced, straw is decomposed to be decomposed soon, and microorganism does not strive nitrogen with wheat crop.Carried disease germs with Hua plough handle and shred rice
Careless stalk is ploughed under under soil immediately, is met rainy day or cloudy weather for several days running day, Trichoderma and is buried with rainwater, when field soil is dry and comfortable preferably plough when continue
Plough, Trichoderma is not dead.Three months after Winter Solstice cryogenic freezing phase, frost sleet is more, soil block alternation of wetting and drying, alternate freezing and thawing；It is hard
Soil block is bonded, becomes soft scattered, it is soaked soft smooth.Trichoderma and soil endosymbiosis bacterium, humus in mineralising organic matter, NPK
Organic matter nutrient availability is more, makees nutrition for rice.
Such as Wheat And Barley-rice crop rotation docking field, every mu of amount of wheat straw is few, by 250 kilograms of wheats：The weight of 300 kilograms of wheat straws
Percentage, it is few in number together with wheat stubble, plough under soil layer and be easier to, Low Temperature in Spring fermentation is slow, does not influence rice and grows.
Every mu of Wheat Straw returning to the field will apply 20 ~ 40 kilograms of carbon ammonium solid chemical fertilizer, decomposition of cellulose and own growth demand.
Wheat And Barley is gathered in, rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, and stalk crushes segment, and every mu is sprayed 50 ~ 80 kilograms of special digestion solutions of Trichoderma,
Wheat straw fibre is cleared up, then imposes nitrogen chemical fertilizer, Wheat Straw, nitrogen chemical fertilizer, the linkage of the factor of Trichoderma three, total crop return are easier to.
Before kind rice, mechanical harvesting crushes Wheat And Barley straw harvesting, is uniformly spread on field face, and it is special to spray Trichoderma
Digestion solution, every mu uses sufficient base manure, and 500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 30 kilograms of carbon ammonium solid chemical fertilizer, Trichoderma digesting straws fiber need to
Nitrogenous fertilizer is wanted, is turned over stalk into mud with rotary cultivator.
Rice cuts off 667 square metres of yield of straw in millet straw ratio 1：1.1 percentage by weight calculates, and about 1000 kilograms dry
Grass, about 1000 ~ 2000 kilograms high of fresh straw of moisture content, amount is more and complete stool straw is difficult to be mixed into soil to clear up.In a region
Interior, three technical methods clear up full dose straw.First, the special digestion solution resolution straw of sprinkling Trichoderma；Second, apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer and
Both special digestion solutions of Trichoderma are sprayed to make a concerted effort to clear up straw；Third, shunting rice straw, 1/3rd are paved with covering wheatland table
Layer, it is no-tillage；1/3rd plough under Hua plough plough sole；1/3rd insert wheatland exhalent canal.Last method, uses mechanical equivalent of light excavation
Wheatland ditch system, straw landfill ditch system being crushed, straw stays field also ditch, reduces overlay capacity, and careless anti-clogging is filled out by ditch system, and moisture speed fills row,
Anti- earth fall side enters ditch, there is multi-meaning.
Rape-rice crop rotation docking field, gathers in rice, sprays the special digestion solution of Trichoderma in rice straw segment and stubble,
Rape is planted using wide-and narrow-row away from rape furrow face line-spacing is expanded to 60 centimetres, in the ranks admits total crop return straw, 40 centimetres wide
Furrow ditch be unearthed and reach 20 ~ 25 centimetres of depth below the face of field, admit the dish chess of total crop return completely, the dish chess in ditch after ploughing rake
10 centimetres typically on the face of field, do not influence to plant rice and normal growth.Zanjon stops up dish, furrow ditch is arrived clearly under the face of field 20 ~ 25 lis
Rice, native Dai crush equably that dispenser is between two row rapes in empty width on rice straw, and antifreeze cold-resistant cultivates rape, and equilibrium is raw
It is long.On the rice straw that base manure chemical fertilizer mixes with rice straw when turning over or adds covering in the winter time, accelerate decomposition fresh
Straw.
Embodiment 1
On July 18th, 2015, more than about 25 DEG C of temperature, the experiment of spring maize straw-returning, cut off the withered strain of corn, segment is into 5
Centimetre, flat to spread native table, the sprinkling special digestion solution of Trichoderma on corn segment wound, melt by the bleeding sap of Trichoderma and plant
Close, turn over and bury, using moisture enough in soil, just energy decomposition corn stalk fiber, September shoveling inspection on the 28th are beautiful for Trichoderma
Rice stalk is black smelly, and time of tide softness is flexible, very crisp broken when doing.
The multiple cropping Returning Application of Crop Straw methods of cultivation, past no deliberate, only demand profit, and soil comes to harm, and become
Problematic soil.Crop sets the plan of docking with crop in 1 year, Second Year, carries out within the 3rd year crop rotation, soil appropriateness profit
With refusal continuous cropping, soil enters sound operation, and how stalk is embedded to field, accelerates plant byproduct resolution, Trichoderma is special to disappear
Solution liquid, which sprays, to bury, and it is an inoculation technique to be stained with crop material wound or otch.
Agricultural production agricultural crop rotation cultivating system, never singles-continuous cropping are planted, and soil nutrient supply and demand can not meet, soil
Microorganism species are not suitable with crop requirement, and rice field-upland field rotation, the full nutrition of soil mineralization is possible to sustainable production.Ploughing the rake anniversary can be with
Deep plough, be shallow deep, no-tillage, as long as labour cost is saved, season is connected, and the soil depth is ploughed also to be coordinated with fertilizing method, heavy dressing,
In apply, light organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combine, agriculture crop rotation cultivating system considers index, high yield and high quality.3 years rotation systems, two annual rings
Make, how reasonable change crops, and depending on making full use of the light temperature resource of locality, this is a sufficiently complex system.Crop sets
Meter layout plan arrangement is scientific and reasonable, and problematic soil is changed into " fertile soil ", i.e. fertile soil.
Embodiment 2
The straw degradative decomposing agent such as corn（The special digestion solution of Trichoderma）With design culture medium orthogonal test factor in 2014
It is horizontal.It is A to test preferred culture medium optimum combination1B2C1D1, rice straw powder：Wheat bran is 9：1, material-water ratio 1：1, ammonium sulfate 1%,
Tween-20 is 0.1%, experiment display：Rice straw is degraded 17 ~ 23 DEG C, 20 days.Maize straw is degraded 27 DEG C, 7 days.
Embodiment 3
The influence that the special digestion solution of multifunctional wood mould converts to NPK Major Nutrients index.Stalk microbial inoculum No. 1 ~ No. 6, with
Control is compared without decomposing agent, and comparative advantages are all presented in N and P conversions, hence it is evident that more than control, K maintains an equal level or is slightly lost in.Such as
Trichoderma H6 bacterium NPK（1.88,5.9 × 103, 2.04 × 104）, control（1.04,1.8 × 103, 2.08 × 104）.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in Rotation System, it is characterised in that：
（1）While gathering in crop, crop material full dose is stayed in cultivated land；
（2）Crop material is cut, crushes stalk section for 5 ~ 15 centimetre lengths；
（3）While crop material section carries out shearing crushing, the special digestion solution of Trichoderma, every mu of sprinkling trichoderma are equably sprayed
Special 50 ~ the 80kg of digestion solution of bacterium, once sprinkling are completed；
（4）The otch of crop material section has bleeding sap and oozed out, and the special digestion solution of Trichoderma is seeded in what stalk otch oozed out
In bleeding sap, by the nutrient and moisture of bleeding sap, Trichoderma is smoothly entered stalk growth inside and breed；
（5）The crop material Duan Ping of the special digestion solution of inoculated Trichoderma is spread in cultivated land；
（6）Solid nitrogen chemical fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields on tiling crop material, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 10 ~ 30kg；
（7）Crop material Hua plough is turned over while spreading fertilizer over the fields nitrogen chemical fertilizer and buried；
（8）Using the feature of rich production cellulose degrading enzyme in Trichoderma metabolic process, quickly decomposition stalk fibre, acceleration can turn
Change, rotten plant mineralising, produce available nutrient, absorbed for the crop subsequently planted.
2. the method for returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in a kind of Rotation System according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：The special digestion solution of described Trichoderma includes trichoderma, water, and its percentage by weight is 10%：90%, described wood
Mould agent includes trichoderma bacterium powder, middle trace element, and its percentage by weight is 95%：5%, in every gram of trichoderma bacterium powder bacteria containing amount be 200,000,000 ~
2.5 hundred million.
3. the method for returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in a kind of Rotation System according to claim 2, its
It is characterised by：Described middle trace element includes the whole in boron, molybdenum and zinc.
4. the method for returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in a kind of Rotation System according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：Described cultivated land is that either Winter paddy field-rice crop rotation docking field or wheat are big in green manure-rice crop rotation docking field
Either crop rotation exchanges docking field between rapeseed-rice crop rotation docking field or year border in wheat-rice crop rotation docking field.
5. the method for returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in a kind of Rotation System according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：Described crop material for maturation can receive and fresh rice straw either Barley straw or wheat stalk or
Maize straw either rape stalk or broad bean stalk.
6. the method for returning total stalks into fields biologically digesting rehabilitating soil in a kind of Rotation System according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：Described nitrogen chemical fertilizer is carbon ammonium, sulphur ammonium, urea.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106342432B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2019-01-25 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A method of promoting soil carbon sequestration in corn-wheat Rotation System |
| CN106651613B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2020-01-14 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Quantitative determination method for nitrogen destination of returned crop straws |
| CN106576815A (en) * | 2016-12-11 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北双竹生态食品开发股份有限公司 | Planting method for crop rotation of purple flower Chinese trumpet creeper in organic rice fields |
| CN106576814A (en) * | 2016-12-11 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北双竹生态食品开发股份有限公司 | Planting method for common vetch crop rotation of organic paddy fields |
| CN106900198B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-03-10 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | Straw treatment method for solving nitrogen contention caused by decomposition of returned straws |
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