CN106651613B - Quantitative determination method for nitrogen destination of returned crop straws - Google Patents
Quantitative determination method for nitrogen destination of returned crop straws Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004173 biogeochemical cycle Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 amino compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a quantitative determination method for nitrogen destination of returned crop straws, belonging to the technical field of farmland nutrient cycle15N marks nitrogen fertilizer, crops absorb the nitrogen fertilizer and form marked straws after harvesting, the marked straws are moved to a second experimental plot for returning to the field, then succeeding crops are planted, and the key growth period of the succeeding crops and the key growth period after harvesting of the succeeding crops are measured, the nitrogen fertilizer is absorbed by the succeeding crops and is measured in the residual marked straws and in the soil15The N content can be finally used for quantitatively monitoring the nitrogen dynamic and the nitrogen destination in the returned crop straws, the determination result of the determination method can more visually reflect the nitrogen destination, the determination method is stable and reliable, the interference of external factors is avoided, and the technical support is provided for the understanding and research of the release and mineralization characteristics of nitrogen in the returned crop straws and the utilization characteristics of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland nutrient cycle, and particularly relates to a quantitative determination method for nitrogen removal of returned crop straws.
Background
A large amount of crop straws are produced in an agricultural production system every year, the annual yield of the straws of main crops in China is over 7 hundred million t in recent years, and straw returning is one of the most effective modes for processing the crop straws. On one hand, the straw returning can obviously increase soil organic matters, improve physical and chemical properties of soil such as porosity, agglomeration, adsorption, buffering and the like, improve the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil and finally improve the cultivated land quality and the soil productivity; on the other hand, returning the straws to the field can also return mineral nutrients contained in the straws to the soil, compensate the absorption of crops and promote the nutrient balance. Therefore, returning the straws to the field is an important agricultural measure for improving the crop yield, realizing the sustainable utilization of resources and the sustainable development of agriculture. For example, in northern China plain, the field returning of straws after harvesting winter wheat and summer corn is a main mode of straw treatment, the straws are generally thrown to cover the ground and return to the field after harvesting wheat, and the straws are generally crushed, rotary-ploughed, turned, pressed and returned to the field after harvesting corn. At moderate production levels, 8500-11000 kg-hm annually-2The wheat straw of 7500-cost 10500kg hm-2The returning of the corn straws to the field is larger under the high-yield condition, and under the general production condition, the wheat and corn are harvested by about 90-120 kg.hm each year-2The nitrogen is returned to the field along with the straws, and the nitrogen returned to the field becomes one of the important sources of the soil nitrogen of the crop rotation system.
The nitrogen in the returned straws can be roughly divided into storage nitrogen and structural nitrogen, wherein the storage nitrogen comprises inorganic nitrogen such as nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen retained in the straws and some small molecular organic nitrogen, and the structural nitrogen comprises nitrogen in chlorophyll, protein, protease, purine, pyrimidine, amine, amino compound and various vitamins. The storage inorganic nitrogen can be directly absorbed by crops and microorganisms after being released from the straws, and the structural nitrogen and the storage organic nitrogen can be utilized only by being mineralized into the inorganic nitrogen by the microorganisms. A great deal of research at home and abroad reports the degradation rule of the returning-to-field straws, but the release and mineralization characteristics of nitrogen in the returning-to-field straws and the utilization characteristics of crops are not clearly known, in the previous research on the straw degradation of the returning-to-field crops and the forwarding of the straw nitrogen, a nylon mesh bag method is generally adopted, namely, a specific amount of straws are filled into the nylon mesh bag and directly buried in soil with a certain depth, and the straws are taken out after a certain time to measure the decomposition degree of the straws, firstly, the straws are concentrated together in the method, the actual contact area with the soil is small, further, the opportunity that soil microorganisms contact the straws is reduced, so that the decomposition is influenced, secondly, the growth of crop root systems is influenced by the existence of the nylon mesh bag, so that the absorption of the nitrogen released by the straws is influenced, in a word, the returning-to-field straws under the nylon mesh bag method are not consistent with the actual environment of the returning-, therefore, the mineralization release rule of the straw nitrogen and the crop utilization characteristics cannot be truly and objectively reflected, in addition, the previous research only focuses on the degradation rule of the straw, and the quantitative research on how the straw organic nitrogen is mineralized, how the straw inorganic nitrogen is contained and released into the soil, and how the straw nitrogen is returned to the field is still in a blank stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the defects of the prior art and provides a quantitative determination method for nitrogen direction of returned crop straws, which utilizes the form of nitrogen fertilizer to track15N is conveyed into the straws, and the residual straws, soil and the succeeding crops are measured in the processes of returning the straws to the field and decomposing the straws15The content of N, thereby realizing the quantitative determination of nitrogen destination, the determination result reflects the nitrogen destination in the returning straw more intuitively, and the determination method is stable and reliable and has stronger referential property.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the key point of the quantitative determination method for nitrogen removal of the straws of the field-returning crops is that the quantitative determination method comprises the following steps:
A. obtaining marked straw
Setting a first experimental plot in a field, planting crops in the first experimental plot, and applying the crops into the first experimental plot during the growth period of the crops15N marks the nitrogen fertilizer,15the N marked nitrogen fertilizer is an amide state, an ammonium state or a nitrate state nitrogen fertilizer,when an amide or ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is selected, it15N abundance is not less than 30%, when nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is selected, it15The N abundance is not less than 90 percent, and the crop straws contain N after the absorption of a growth period15N marks nitrogen, and the residual straws after the crops are harvested are the15Marking straws with N, sampling and measuring15Content of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in N-marked straw and straw15The N abundance;
B. labeled straw returning to field
Setting a second experimental plot in the field, and collecting the second experimental plot15Placing N marked straws in a second test land block and returning the straws to the field;
C. determination of Nitrogen dynamics
Subsequent crops planted in the second experimental plot were examined for residual at each growth period of the crop15N marking of straw and soil15N content, namely the product after returning to the field15N marks the dynamic rule of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen release in the straws;
D. determination of nitrogen orientation in labeled straw
After harvesting the succeeding crop planted in the second test plot, the absorbed, residual succeeding crop is measured15N marking in straw and in soil15And N content, namely determining the nitrogen destination after the marked straws are returned to the field.
In the step A, in amide state or ammonium state nitrogen fertilizer15N abundance of 40% in nitrate nitrogen fertilizer15The N abundance was 95%.
In the step A and the step B, isolation plates are arranged between the periphery of the first experiment land and the periphery of the second experiment land and outside soil, the depth of the isolation plates penetrating into the soil is 1-2m, and the height of the isolation plates exposed out of the soil at the upper ends is 5-10 cm.
In the step A and the step B, the first experimental plot and the second experimental plot are both 1-2m in area2A rectangular micro-area.
In the step B, crops are planted in the second experiment land, and the first experiment land is used for removing crop straws and stubbles thereof in the second experiment landIn the land15And (4) putting the N-marked straws and the stubbles thereof into a second experimental plot, and then returning the straws to the field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the measurement method in the present invention employs traceable15N is used as a marker factor and is used in the form of nitrogen fertilizer15N is absorbed by crops and forms marked straws for returning to the field, nitrogen is formed to circulate to a target position through the position conversion from the first experimental plot to the second experimental plot in the process, and the target position does not contain nitrogen15N, maximally ensuring that the variable is unique, and the measurement result is accurate and reliable, and is carried out in each growth period of the crops and each harvest time of the crops15N detection, can feed back more intuitively15N marks the circulation dynamics of nitrogen in the straws in each growth period and the nitrogen destination after different growth season intervals, truly and objectively reflects the mineralization release rule of the straw nitrogen and the crop utilization characteristics, and provides more accurate guidance for quantitative analysis of the straw nitrogen destination such as how the straw organic nitrogen is mineralized, the components of the straw inorganic nitrogen and how the straw inorganic nitrogen is released into soil and returned to the field.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a quantitative determination method for nitrogen removal direction of returned crop straws, which comprises the following steps of15N, obtaining marked straws, returning the marked straws to the field, measuring nitrogen dynamic, measuring nitrogen direction and the like, selecting two representative plots in the field as experimental plots, wherein one plot is used for obtaining the marked straws, the other plot is used for returning the marked straws and measuring the later period, and the specific process of the measuring method is introduced below.
In a specific embodiment, the quantitative determination method comprises the following specific steps:
A. obtaining marked straw
Set up first experiment landmass and second experiment landmass with external soil isolation in the field, first experiment landmass and second experiment landmass set up the division board all around and between the external soil, and four division boards all adopt galvanized iron plate, can slow down the corrosion effect that soil produced to the division board, guarantee its normal use, and the increase of useThe service life of the iron frame is 1m if the iron frame is a short crop such as wheat2In the case of a relatively tall crop such as corn, the area may be set at 2m2The division board sets up the degree of depth in soil to be 1m, this degree of depth can restrict most crop root system and grow in first experiment landmass, and avoided the division board to set up the cost-push that the degree of depth continues to increase and leads to, the influence of external soil and crop to first experiment landmass and wherein mark straw has been got rid of, the division board exposes the height of soil to be 5cm, guarantee that irrigation water does not run off in the external soil, plant the crop in first experiment landmass, fertilize the abundancy degree in to first experiment landmass in the crop growth period in15N marks the nitrogen fertilizer,15the N-labeled nitrogen fertilizer is an amide-state, ammonium-state or nitrate-state nitrogen fertilizer, and when the amide-state or ammonium-state nitrogen fertilizer is selected, the N-labeled nitrogen fertilizer is selected15The N abundance is 40 percent, and when a nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is selected, the N abundance is15The abundance of N is 95 percent15The selection of the N abundance value can be avoided15The larger error caused by low N content ensures the authenticity of the experimental result and avoids15The waste caused by over-high N abundance is absorbed by crop straws in a growth period15N marks nitrogen, and the residual straws after the crops are harvested are the15Marking straws with N, sampling and measuring15Content of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in N-marked straw and straw15The N abundance;
B. labeled straw returning to field
Crops are planted in the second experimental plot, and the crop straws and stubbles thereof in the second experimental plot are removed to remove the crop straws and the stubbles thereof in the first experimental plot15Putting the N marked straws and the stubbles thereof into a second experimental plot, and returning the straws to the field;
C. determination of Nitrogen dynamics
Planting succeeding crop in the second experimental plot, and detecting residual crop at each growth period of the crop15N marking of straw and soil15N content to avoid large workload and small difference in nitrogen release due to too short time intervalHowever, the detection is only selected at the key growth period of the crops, and the detection is not necessarily carried out at each growth period, for example, the winter wheat is respectively detected at each key growth period of overwintering, turning green, jointing, flowering, filling, maturing and the like, and the returned winter wheat can be obtained15N marks the dynamic rule of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen release in the straws, and provides reliable data support for truly reflecting the release and mineralization characteristics of nitrogen in crops;
D. determination of nitrogen orientation in labeled straw
After harvesting the succeeding crop planted in the second test plot, the uptake of the succeeding crop, the residual in the labeled straw and the soil in the succeeding crop were measured15N content, namely determining the nitrogen destination after the marked straws are returned to the field; in the determination process, the succeeding crop pairs are determined15The absorption amount of N can determine the effectiveness of nitrogen in the marked crops and the nitrogen absorbed by the succeeding crops15The proportion of N is the contribution rate of nitrogen in the marked straws to the nitrogen nutrition of the succeeding crops, and is helpful for correctly recognizing the crop utilization characteristics and guiding the farmland nutrition circulation work.
The method provided by the invention can quantitatively monitor the release dynamics and the heading of nitrogen in the returned crop straws, the determination result can more intuitively reflect the heading of the nitrogen, the determination method is stable and reliable, the interference of external factors is avoided, and a technical support is provided for the understanding and research of the release and mineralization characteristics of the nitrogen in the returned crop straws and the utilization characteristics of the crops.
Claims (3)
1. A quantitative determination method for nitrogen destination of returned crop straws is characterized in that: the quantitative determination method comprises the following steps:
A. obtaining marked straws: setting a first experimental plot in a field, planting crops in the first experimental plot, and applying the crops into the first experimental plot during the growth period of the crops15N marks the nitrogen fertilizer,15the N-marked nitrogen fertilizer is an amide state, ammonium state or nitrate state nitrogen fertilizer, and when the amide state or ammonium state nitrogen fertilizer is selected, the N-marked nitrogen fertilizer is used15N abundance is not less than 30%, when nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is selected, it15The abundance of N is not less than 90 percentAbsorption in a growing period, the crop straw containing15N marks nitrogen, and the residual straws after the crops are harvested are the15Marking straws with N, sampling and measuring15Content of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in N-marked straw and straw15The N abundance;
B. marking straw returning: setting a second experimental plot in the field, and collecting the second experimental plot15Placing N marked straws in a second test land block and returning the straws to the field;
C. determination of nitrogen dynamics: subsequent crops planted in the second experimental plot were examined for residual at each growth period of the crop15N marking of straw and soil15N content, namely the product after returning to the field15N marks the dynamic rule of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen release in the straws;
D. determining the nitrogen orientation in the marked straws: after harvesting the succeeding crop planted in the second test plot, the absorbed, residual succeeding crop is measured15N marking in straw and in soil15N content, namely determining the nitrogen destination after the marked straws are returned to the field;
in the step A and the step B, isolation plates are arranged between the peripheries of the first experiment land and the second experiment land and outside soil, the depth of the isolation plates penetrating into the soil is 1-2m, and the height of the isolation plates exposed out of the soil at the upper ends is 5-10 cm;
in the step A and the step B, the first experimental plot and the second experimental plot are both 1-2m in area2A rectangular micro-area.
2. The method for quantitatively determining the nitrogen destination of the straws of the field-returning crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step A, in amide state or ammonium state nitrogen fertilizer15N abundance of 40% in nitrate nitrogen fertilizer15The N abundance was 95%.
3. The method for quantitatively determining the nitrogen destination of the straws of the field-returning crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step B, crops are planted in the second experimental plot, and the second experimental plot is used for planting the cropsRemoving crop straw and stubble thereof from the first experimental plot15And (4) putting the N-marked straws and the stubbles thereof into a second experimental plot, and then returning the straws to the field.
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| CN109632562A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-16 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A method of returning to the field straw decomposition rate is measured based on potting simulation crop field |
| CN110261532A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-09-20 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | The method that field on-spot study crop aerial part absorbs volatile nitrogen after the top dressing of farmland |
| CN111982853A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-11-24 | 华中农业大学 | Straw nitrogen adsorption determination method and determination device |
| CN113324870B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-02-01 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for quantifying nitrogen absorption and nitrogen nutrition contribution of non-root organs of crops |
| CN113834911B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-02-03 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for measuring contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition |
| CN114034601B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2024-01-23 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for measuring straw decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of returning crop |
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| CN104987206A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-21 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for ploughing down straw into field |
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