CN113834911B - Method for measuring contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition - Google Patents

Method for measuring contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition Download PDF

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CN113834911B
CN113834911B CN202111158746.1A CN202111158746A CN113834911B CN 113834911 B CN113834911 B CN 113834911B CN 202111158746 A CN202111158746 A CN 202111158746A CN 113834911 B CN113834911 B CN 113834911B
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organic fertilizer
nitrogen
abundance
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fertilizer
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CN113834911A (en
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张经廷
贾秀领
宋粮
吕丽华
张丽华
宋炜
董志强
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Institute of Grain and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition, and belongs to the technical field of farmland nutrient circulation. The steps of the assay method include: by using 15 N-labeled organic fertilizer, determination of organic fertilizer 15 Abundance of N, will 15 Applying N-labeled organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to planting area, planting crops in the planting area, and determining the plant quality of the crops after harvesting 15 The N abundance; then using unmarked organic fertilizer as reference, planting crops according to the same method, and determining the plant of the crops after harvesting 15 N abundance, as plants 15 N background abundance; the contribution rate of organic fertilizer nitrogen to crop nitrogen nutrition is calculated by the following formula: contribution rate (%) of organic fertilizer nitrogen to crop nitrogen nutrition 15 N abundance-plants 15 N background abundance)/organic fertilizer 15 The N abundance. The determination method provided by the invention is scientific and reasonable, and has strong operability and high accuracy.

Description

Method for measuring contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of farmland nutrient circulation, in particular to a method for measuring the contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition.
Background
The application of nitrogen fertilizer is the main means for increasing crop yield in agricultural production. With the increase of the application amount of the fertilizer nitrogen and the reduction of the utilization rate, the marginal effect of the yield increase of the fertilizer application is gradually reduced, the excessive and unreasonable application of the fertilizer nitrogen causes the soil degradation, and under the action of rainfall and irrigation, the nitrogen runoff or eluviation to the surrounding water body causes the deterioration of the water body environment quality, thereby becoming the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution.
With the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding and the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a large amount of livestock and poultry manure is lost or discarded in collection, treatment and storage, cannot be reasonably utilized and properly treated, and causes certain pollution to the environment. Therefore, the method is a main way for resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure by organically fertilizing the livestock and poultry manure and applying the livestock and poultry manure to farmlands. The organic fertilizer has certain nitrogen content and certain substitution effect on inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, and in addition, the organic matter content is higher, so that the organic fertilizer has positive effects of improving soil properties, fertilizing soil fertility, improving nutrient supply capacity, increasing crop yield and quality and the like, and a series of negative effects caused by large-scale application of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen can be effectively relieved. Partial replacement of fertilizers by organic fertilizers in proportion has become an important conventional technical measure for reducing the application and the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, reducing environmental risks and improving the utilization rate of nutrients in modern agricultural production.
After the organic fertilizer is applied, the crop absorption utilization rate of quantitative organic fertilizer nitrogen and the nitrogen nutrition contribution rate of the quantitative organic fertilizer nitrogen play an important guiding role in determining the proportion of the organic fertilizer to replace the chemical fertilizer, and have important significance in reasonable application of the fertilizer, directional regulation and control of crop nutrition and improvement of crop yield and quality.
In the research on contribution of organic fertilizer nitrogen to crop nitrogen nutrition, some treatments of applying organic fertilizer and not applying organic fertilizer are arranged, and the increment of crop nitrogen absorption amount after applying organic fertilizer is used as nitrogen nutrition contribution of organic fertilizer compared with the condition of not applying organic fertilizer. The method has the limitation that after the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, the organic nitrogen in the soil is excited to be mineralized into inorganic nitrogen to be absorbed by crops, so that the nitrogen which is absorbed by the crops after the organic fertilizer is applied is not only from the organic fertilizer nitrogen but also from the mineralized organic nitrogen in the soil, and the crop nitrogen nutrition contribution rate of the organic fertilizer nitrogen cannot be quantitatively researched. And the application amount of the organic fertilizer nitrogen accounts for the total nitrogen input amount by calculation, and the application amount is used as the crop nutrition contribution rate of the organic fertilizer nitrogen. Because the release rate of nitrogen of the organic fertilizer is slow, and the nutrient supply state and the crop absorption characteristics of the organic fertilizer are different from those of nitrogen supplied in other forms, the evaluation means belongs to fuzzy evaluation and is very inaccurate.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an accurate method for measuring the contribution rate of organic fertilizer nitrogen to crop nitrogen nutrition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition comprises the following steps:
by using 15 N-labeled organic fertilizer, determination of organic fertilizer 15 Abundance of N, will 15 N-labelled organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer to the planting area where the crops are planted, and the plants are measured after harvesting 15 The N abundance; then using unmarked organic fertilizer as reference, planting crops according to the same method, and determining the plant of the crops after harvesting 15 N abundance, as plants 15 N background abundance; and calculating the contribution rate of the organic fertilizer nitrogen to the crop nitrogen nutrition according to the measurement result, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
contribution rate (%) of organic fertilizer nitrogen to crop nitrogen nutrition 15 N abundance-plants 15 N background abundance)/organic fertilizer 15 The N abundance.
Preferably, the planting area is 0.3m in area 2 ～0.6m 2 The micro-area of (a).
Preferably, the 15 The application amount of the N-labeled organic fertilizer and the application amount of the unlabeled organic fertilizer are both 1-2 kg/m on the basis of dry matter 2 。
Preferably, the 15 The preparation method of the N-labeled organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: planting crops and applying 15 N-labelled nitrogen fertilizer to obtain 15 A N-labeled crop; will be provided with 15 Preparing N-labeled crop into feed 15 N-labeled feed; by using 15 N tagThe feed is used for feeding livestock, and feces and urine of the fed livestock are collected; fermenting with the collected livestock and poultry manure as substrate to obtain 15 An organic fertilizer marked by N.
More preferably, the 15 N-labeled nitrogen fertilizers include amide nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrogen fertilizers or nitrate nitrogen fertilizers; wherein the amide state is as fertilizer 15 N abundance is not less than 30%, and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are obtained 15 The abundance of N is not less than 90%.
The present invention utilizes the above 15 N-labelled nitrogen fertilizers for growing crops, after harvesting the crops 15 The N abundance is obviously higher than the basic value, and the crop is ready to be used 15 And marking by N.
More preferably, the specific collection process of the livestock manure is as follows: feeding the non-labeled feed 12 to 14 hours after the last feeding 15 N-labeled feed; livestock and poultry feeding 15 Collecting feces and urine in time after N-labeled feed till 15 The feed marked by N is fed for the last time and then is stopped 22-26 hours later.
More preferably, the fermentation comprises the following specific steps: after completely collecting the livestock and poultry manure, adding auxiliary materials to adjust the water content to 50% -60%, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20; adding an organic material decomposing agent, wherein the addition amount of the organic material decomposing agent is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the compost material; controlling the temperature of the compost at 55-65 ℃, controlling the oxygen concentration of the compost not less than 5%, and composting for 5-7 days; continuing fermentation, and stopping fermentation process when the temperature difference between the pile body temperature and the environment temperature is less than or equal to 5 ℃.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the nitrogen absorption and utilization rate of the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following specific steps: according to the technical scheme of the method for measuring the contribution rate of the organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the crops, the weight (g) of dry matters of plants in a planting area and the nitrogen content (%) of the plants are measured 15 N abundance, plant 15 N background abundance, of organic fertilizers 15 N abundance, dry weight (g) of applied organic fertilizer and nitrogen content (%) of organic fertilizer;
organic fertilizer nitrogen absorption utilization rate (%) = [ plant dry matter weight (g) × nitrogen content (%) × (plant) 15 N abundance-plants 15 N background abundance)/organic fertilizer 15 Abundance of N]/[ sic ] applicationThe dry weight (g) of the organic fertilizer in the fertilizer is multiplied by the nitrogen content (%)% of the organic fertilizer]。
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention inherits the source marking principle and carries out the nitrogen with vegetal source in the livestock and poultry feed 15 N marking, feeding livestock and poultry, collecting excrement and urine, fermenting and decomposing the excrement and urine to form organic fertilizer, realizing the marking of nitrogen in the organic fertilizer, and then carrying out the fermentation and decomposition of the organic fertilizer 15 The N marked organic fertilizer is applied to soil, crops are planted, and finally the proportion of nitrogen from the organic fertilizer in the nitrogen absorbed by the crops can be quantified, namely the crop nitrogen nutrition contribution rate of the organic fertilizer nitrogen.
The method for measuring the contribution rate of the organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the crops has scientific and reasonable thought design, strong operability and high accuracy, and further refines the quantitative research on the nitrogen nutrition sources of the crops.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
Determination of nitrogen nutrition contribution rate of cow dung organic fertilizer to wheat
(1) Marker of nitrogen-containing substances in silage forage grass in beef cattle feed
Silage corns are used as a forage grass ingredient of the beef cattle feed. When planting silage corn, the fertilizer is applied to soil 15 The N abundance is 30.12 percent of urea, and the nitrogen application amount is 20g/m 2 . And harvesting the whole plant when the corn kernel milk line is positioned in the middle, and preparing the silage. The corn silage is added into the beef cattle feed, and the feed is just the quilt 15 And marking by N.
(2) By using 15 Feeding beef cattle with N-labeled feed and collecting manure and urine
Feeding the non-labeled feed 12 hours after the last feeding 15 N-labeled feed is added to the feed, 15 feeding N fodder by 10kg each time at intervals of 6 hr, and collecting feces and urine in time after feeding beef cattle until feeding 15 And stopping 24 hours after the last feeding of the N feed.
(3) Fermenting and composting beef cattle manure 15 N-labeled organic fertilizer
After the beef cattle manure is collected, adding dry sawdust to adjust the water content to 55 percent and the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) to 30; adding an organic material decomposing agent, wherein the addition amount of the organic material decomposing agent is 0.1 percent of the mass of the compost materials. And putting the uniformly mixed materials into a stirring box type composting reactor for fermentation. The temperature of the stack body is controlled to be 55-65 ℃, and the oxygen concentration in the stack body is not lower than 5% by adopting an intermittent stirring mode. Composting for 7 days, performing secondary fermentation, and terminating the fermentation process when the temperature of the compost is close to the ambient temperature to obtain the final product 15 N-labeled organic fertilizer, assay 15 Organic fertilizer marked by N 15 The N abundance.
(4) Fermenting and composting beef cattle manure to form common organic fertilizer
Preparing a general organic fertilizer according to the processes of the steps (1) to (3) except that urea applied to soil in the step (1) is not utilized 15 And marking by N.
(5) 15 N-marked organic fertilizer and common organic fertilizer are applied to soil and are embedded into two rectangular micro areas with the area of 0.3m for a galvanized sheet iron frame for wheat planting field 2 (0.5 m is multiplied by 0.6 m), the iron sheet is exposed out of the ground surface by 6cm and is used for storing and storing precipitation, and the depth below the ground surface is 2m. One of which is a handle 15 N-marked organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer to be applied to plough layer soil in a mixed mode, and the application amount is 2kg/m 2 (drying heavily), then planting winter wheat in the micro-area with the planting density of 400 plants/m 2 . The other fertilizer is mixed with common organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and applied to the plough layer soil with the application amount of 2kg/m 2 (drying heavily), then planting winter wheat in the micro-area with the planting density of 400 plants/m 2 。
(6) Calculating the contribution rate of the cow dung organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the wheat
Through determination, the organic fertilizer of cow dung 15 The N abundance is 0.612%; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 15 N abundance 0.418% (administration) 15 N marks organic fertilizer micro-area); winter wheat 15 The N background abundance is 0.367 percent (applied to a common organic fertilizer micro area).
Calculating the contribution rate (%) of the cow dung organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the wheat (wheat) = 15 N abundance-wheat 15 N background abundance)/organic fertilizer 15 N abundance = (0.418% -0.367%)/0.612% =8.33%.
Example 2
Determination of contribution rate of chicken manure organic fertilizer to wheat nitrogen nutrition
(1) Marking of nitrogenous substances in chicken feed
The corn seed powder is used as an ingredient of adult laying hen feed. In the case of corn, application in the soil 15 The N abundance is 30.12 percent of urea, and the nitrogen application amount is 20g/m 2 . And harvesting the seeds after the corns are ripe. Grinding corn grains into powder and adding the powder into chicken feed to obtain the feed quilt 15 And marking by N.
(2) By using 15 Feeding adult layer chicken with N-labeled feed and collecting excrement and urine
Feeding the non-labeled feed 12 hours later than the last feeding 15 Feeding N-labeled feed 200g per one animal every day, collecting feces and urine in time after feeding,up to 15 The 24 hours after the last feed with N feed was terminated.
Steps (3) to (5) are the same as in example 1.
(6) Calculating the contribution rate of the chicken manure organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the wheat
Through determination, the organic fertilizer of chicken manure 15 The N abundance is 0.708%; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 15 N abundance was 0.432% (administration) 15 N marks organic fertilizer micro-area); wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 15 The background abundance of N is 0.368% (micro-area applied with common organic fertilizer).
Calculating the contribution rate (%) of the chicken manure organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the wheat (wheat) = 15 N abundance-wheat 15 N background abundance)/organic fertilizer 15 N abundance = (0.432% -0.368%)/0.708% =9.0%.
Example 3
Determination of nitrogen nutrition contribution rate of pig manure organic fertilizer to corn
(1) Marking of nitrogenous substances in pig feed
The corn seed powder and the soybean meal are used as the ingredients of the pig feed. In the case of corn and soybean, the soil is used 15 The N abundance is 30.12 percent of urea, and the nitrogen application amount of the corn is 20g/m 2 Nitrogen application amount of soybean of 10g/m 2 . Harvesting corn seeds after the corn and the soybean are mature, grinding the corn seeds into powder, preparing the soybean into bean foil, and then adding the bean foil into the pig feed, thus obtaining the feed quilt 15 And marking by N.
(2) By using 15 Feeding fattening pig with N-labeled feed and collecting excrement and urine
Feeding the non-labeled feed 12 hours later than the last feeding 15 Feeding N-labeled feed 2.5kg per head every day, and collecting feces and urine in time after feeding until 15 And stopping 24 hours after the last feeding of the N feed.
Steps (3) to (4) were the same as in example 1.
In the step (5), the wheat is replaced by the corn, and the planting density is replaced by 7 plants/m 2 。
(6) Calculating the contribution rate of the pig manure organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the corn
Through determination, the organic fertilizer of pig manure 15 N abundance is0.663 percent; corn (corn) 15 N abundance was 0.402% (administration) 15 N marks organic fertilizer micro-area); corn (maize) 15 The background abundance of N is 0.366% (micro-area applied with common organic fertilizer).
Calculating the contribution rate (%) of the pig manure organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of the corn (corn) = 15 N abundance-maize 15 N background abundance)/organic fertilizer 15 N abundance = (0.402% -0.366%)/0.663% =5.43%.
The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for measuring the contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crop nitrogen nutrition is characterized by comprising the following steps: by using 15 N-labeled organic fertilizer, determination of organic fertilizer 15 Abundance of N, will 15 Applying N-labeled organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to planting area, planting crops in the planting area, and determining the plant quality of the crops after harvesting 15 The N abundance; planting the crops by the same method with unmarked organic fertilizer as control, and determining the plant quality after harvesting 15 N abundance, as plants 15 N background abundance; and calculating the contribution rate of the organic fertilizer nitrogen to the crop nitrogen nutrition according to the measurement result, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
contribution rate (%) of organic fertilizer nitrogen to crop nitrogen nutrition 15 N abundance-plants 15 N background abundance)/organic fertilizer 15 The N abundance;
the above-mentioned 15 The application amount of the N-marked organic fertilizer and the application amount of the unmarked organic fertilizer are both 1-2 kg/m on the basis of dry matter 2 。
2. The method for determining the nitrogen nutrient contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein said method is characterized in that 15 N-labeled organic fertilizerThe preparation method comprises the following steps: planting crops, applying 15 N-labelled nitrogen fertilizer to obtain 15 A N-labeled crop; will be provided with 15 Preparing N-labeled crop into feed 15 N-labeled feed; by using 15 Feeding the poultry and livestock with the N-labeled feed, and collecting feces and urine of the poultry and livestock after feeding; fermenting with the collected feces and urine of livestock and poultry as substrate to obtain 15 N-labeled organic fertilizer.
3. The method for determining the nitrogen nutrient contribution rate of organic fertilizer to crops as claimed in claim 2, wherein said method is characterized in that 15 N-labeled nitrogen fertilizers comprise amide nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrogen fertilizers or nitrate nitrogen fertilizers; wherein the amide state is as fertilizer 15 N abundance is not less than 30%, and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are obtained 15 The abundance of N is not less than 90%.
4. The method for measuring the contribution rate of the organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of crops as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific collection process of the livestock manure is as follows: feeding the non-labeled feed 12-14 hours after the last feeding 15 N-labeled feed; livestock and poultry feeding 15 Collecting feces and urine in time after N-labeled feed till 15 The feed marked by N is fed for the last time and is cut off after 22 to 26 hours.
5. The method for measuring the contribution rate of the organic fertilizer to the nitrogen nutrition of crops according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation comprises the following specific steps: after completely collecting the livestock and poultry manure, adding auxiliary materials to adjust the water content to 50% -60%, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20; adding an organic material decomposing agent, wherein the addition amount of the organic material decomposing agent is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the compost material; controlling the temperature of the compost at 55-65 ℃, controlling the oxygen concentration of the compost not less than 5 percent, and composting for 5-7 days; continuing fermentation, and stopping fermentation when the difference between the temperature of the pile body and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 5 ℃.
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