CN101830748A - Straw manure composition and manure operation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a straw manure composition and a manure operation method. The straw manure composition comprises the following components: 100 to 120 kg of crop straw, 0.5 to 0.7 kg of urea, 2 to 3 kg of 12 percent of calcium superphosphate, 100 to 200 kg of fresh soil, and a proper amount of water. The manure operation method comprises the following steps of: A, digging a pit with the depth of 0.5 to 0.8 meter on the edge of the field; B, uniformly and fully mixing the crop straw with other materials except the water, stacking the materials in the pit to form a stack of 2 to 2.5 meters higher than the ground, covering the outer surface of the stack by using soil, and forming a concave pit in the middle of the top of the stack; C, filling the concave pit with water to ensure that the concave pit conveniently receives natural rainfall in future; D, when the stack collapses and the volume shrinks after a period of time, covering the exposed straw on the stack by using a proper amount of soil so as to accelerate the thorough decomposition; and E, after the crop straw is thoroughly decomposed for 3 to 6 months, obtaining the straw manure. By using soil water absorbability and rich microbes, the problem that the wheat straw containing a non-absorbent waxy layer does not absorb water and the problem of manure strain are solved, and the wheat straw is changed to a high-quality organic fertilizer resource from waste.

Description

A kind of straw compost composition and compost working method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the method for refuse being made fertilizer, be specifically related to the straw-returning compost method.

Background technology

Also there is huge spread in China's arable land organic content compared with developed countries, and average organic content is lower than more than 30% of world average, is lower than Europe more than 50%.It is the difficult point of China's agricultural that the arable soil organic content improves always, one of them major reason is that the reproducible stalk resource of aboundresources is not well utilized, mainly there are following two outstanding problems in straw-returning: 1, the straw directly returning to field technology is immature, and is unstable to the crop yield influence.About straw-returning to improve the soil, culture fertility, the ecotope balance that protects the fields and to prevent and kill off the content research of positive effects such as atmospheric pollution more, more deep.Yet how also better effect just can be obtained in the field, how to raise the efficiency, and avoids studying less on the problems such as negative effect that field simply also may cause soil in the stalk decay process.A lot of tests and production practice all show, straw directly returning to field decomposes very fast relatively in earlier stage, unfavorable to growth of seedling, but crossed stalk and decomposed after date fast, stalk is handled the growth that promotes plant, should as far as possible early carry out straw-returning in the production, avoid the quick influence of decomposing of stalk seed germination and growth of seedling.The allelochemical that the stalk decomposition produces is to the restraining effect ubiquity of seed germination and growth of seedling.Accalla and F.L.Dulcy once reported in 1948, when wheat stalk covers following batch of corn, had influenced the speed and the growth of corn germination.Li Xiuying shows following batch of wheat yield agronomy efficient of maize straw direct returning to farmland average out to negative value-30.9t hm in cinnamon soil last 14 year of long-term location test ^-2Various crop has from toxic action, and as wheat, paddy rice etc., their residual body has restraining effect to the growth of self, and wheat stalk also causes wheat self to germinate and growth retardation from toxic action behind the field, and wheatland occurs that seedling rate is low, seedling weak, seedling death phenomenon.One season crops straw returning field lifting organic content is limited, the straw-returning in 12 years is passed through in the Zhang Zhen river, the soil organism is average annual to increase by 0.017%, the peasant can't see significant effect in a short time, add the rural area and lack the big machinery of straw-returning, the sowing difficulty, it is bad to emerge, the peasant is little to straw directly returning to field interest, and it is big to promote difficulty.2, existing stalk is piled rotten techno-peasant fast and is reluctant to accept.Though straw compost can overcome direct returning to farmland to the crop growth adverse influence, but the quick straw compost Technology Need of the high temperature of promoting adds people's animal manure at present, the agent etc. of becoming thoroughly decomposed, with mud or plastic membrane sealing insulation water conservation, repeatedly turning, time-consuming, more headache is that stalk has cured matter layer to be difficult for the suction stalk suitable moisture content that is hard to keep to make that the rotten effect of heap is undesirable.The quick straw compost technology of peasant's existing high temperature beyond affordability more is willing to be intended to crop harvesting season one and has been burnt it, and not only the wave valuable stalk resource that given up has also brought serious ecological environment problem.The breach of straw-returning is the development peasant rotten effective composting technology of receptible easy to operate heap and significantly improves the straw-returning technology that crop yield is increased farmers' income.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve time-consuming, the unfavorable problem of the rotten effect of heap that the quick straw compost technology of high temperature exists, the invention provides a kind of straw compost composition and compost working method that does not need turning just crop material can be become the high-quality fertilizer;

The technical solution that realizes above-mentioned purpose is as follows:

A kind of straw compost composition comprises the raw material of following weight part:

Crop material 100-120 kilogram,

Urea 0.5-0.7 kilogram,

12% calcium superphosphate 2-5 kilogram,

Bright soil amount 100-300 kilogram,

Water is an amount of.

A kind of compost working method of straw compost composition comprises following operation steps:

A, dig the melt pit of dark 0.5-0.8 rice in the field, stalk is put into the hole;

B, every placement stalk 100-120 kilogram add the bright soil of 100-300 kilogram, and heap is to the heap body that exceeds ground 2-2.5 rice, and heap body top is high slightly middle part nick all around;

C, to heap body top Jia Shui, moistening overall stack body completely stops to add water to native underground water; Moisture relies on natural precipitation to replenish later on, and heap body top nick structure is convenient to admit natural precipitation; In proportion urea and 12% calcium superphosphate are added by heap body top with less water dissolving back;

D, carry out the 1-2 month when compost, the heap body subsides, and during volume-diminished, the stalk that is exposed to the outside on the heap body is covered with an amount of bright soil, promotes it to become thoroughly decomposed;

E, through 3-6 month, crop material becomes thoroughly decomposed, straw compost (compost length in period is according to the second stubble crop sowing time following, general this season crop material compost using before sowing) at second stubble crop down.

The present invention utilizes soil to contain abundant bacterial classification, the characteristics that can form dominant bacteria and inhale preserve moisture and fertility when condition is suitable, the problem that solves the straw compost bacterial classification and inhale preserve moisture and fertility; The heap body structure of the present invention's innovation makes the heap physical efficiency make full use of natural precipitation and replenishes the moisture that the heap body needs; Utilize the seasonality of plant growth the long time to pile corruption, do not need turning just crop material can be become the high-quality fertilizer; The allelochemical that straw compost produces can be piled corruption for a long time and decompose, do not have the detrimental action of quick decomposition stage of straw directly returning to field, can directly reach the effect that the straw directly returning to field later stage promotes plant growth to the plant growth effect when going back the field plant growth.The straw compost technology that the present invention proposes only needs soil and chemical fertilizer just can obtain the rotten effective straw compost of heap, and the straw compost technology is oversimplified, and is easy to apply in the rural area.

Embodiment

Below by embodiment the present invention is further described.

Embodiment 1:

With the wheat straw is example, takes off the raw material of row weight part:

100 kilograms of wheat straws, 0.5 kilogram in urea, 2 kilograms of 12% calcium superphosphate, 200 kilograms of bright soil amounts, water is an amount of.

Concrete compost operation steps is as follows:

A, dig dark 0.5 meter melt pit, mow is placed in the melt pit in the field;

B, every placement wheat straw add the bright soil of 100-150 kilogram for 100 kilograms, and heap is to the heap body that exceeds ground 2-2.5 rice, and heap body top is high slightly middle part nick all around;

C, to heap body top Jia Shui, moistening overall stack body completely stops to add water to native underground water; Moisture relies on natural precipitation to replenish later on, and heap body top nick structure is convenient to admit natural precipitation; In proportion urea and 12% calcium superphosphate are added by heap body top with less water dissolving back;

D, carry out 1 first quarter moon when compost, the heap body subsides, and during volume-diminished, the stalk that is exposed to the outside on the heap body is covered with an amount of bright soil, promotes it to become thoroughly decomposed;

E, process 3-3.5 month, wheat straw becomes thoroughly decomposed, and gets straw compost.

The inventive method heap temperature remains on about 40 ℃ for a long time, and stalk becomes Vandyke brown after three months, and is loose frangible, and the stalk volume has reduced 89.3%, the carbon of stalk: (C: N) ratio was reduced to 12.4: 1 by 87.6: 1 to nitrogen, and the stalk water content is heavy 10 times above self.The wheat straw compost finishes during to next harvest wheat sowing during from harvesting wheat.This compost method utilizes soil water-absorbent and abundant microorganism to solve wheat straw to contain the do not absorb water bacterial classification problem of problem and compost of cured matter layer, realize that stalk becomes the high-quality organic manure resource by waste.Heap body structure of the present invention makes full use of natural precipitation and replenishes the moisture of heap body and prevent that rainwater runs off, and helps the mow corruption.

Embodiment 2:

With the maize straw is example, takes off the raw material of row weight part: the maize straw 120 kg, and 0.7 kilogram in urea, 5 kilograms of 12% calcium superphosphate, 300 kilograms of bright soil amounts, water is an amount of.

In the concrete compost operation steps, every placement maize straw adds the bright soil of 200-300 kilogram for 100 kilograms; Through 6 months, maize straw became thoroughly decomposed, and got straw compost.

Other compost operation steps is with embodiment 1.

Claims (2)

1. straw compost composition is characterized in that comprising the raw material of following weight part:

Crop material 100-120 kilogram,

Urea 0.5-0.7 kilogram,

12% calcium superphosphate 2-5 kilogram,

Bright soil amount 100-300 kilogram,

Water is an amount of.

2. a kind of straw compost working method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise following operation steps:

A, dig the melt pit of dark 0.5-0.8 rice in the field, stalk is put into the hole;

B, every placement stalk 100-120 kilogram add the bright soil of 100-300 kilogram, and heap is to the heap body that exceeds ground 2-2.5 rice, and heap body top is high slightly middle part nick all around;

C, to heap body top Jia Shui, moistening overall stack body completely stops to add water to native underground water; Moisture relies on natural precipitation to replenish later on, and heap body top nick structure is convenient to admit natural precipitation; In proportion urea and 12% calcium superphosphate are added by heap body top with less water dissolving back;

D, carry out the 1-2 month when compost, the heap body subsides, and during volume-diminished, the stalk that is exposed to the outside on the heap body is covered with an amount of bright soil, promotes it to become thoroughly decomposed;

E, process 3-6 month, crop material becomes thoroughly decomposed, and gets straw compost.