CN107384812A - A kind of biological agent and its application in crops straw returning field - Google Patents
A kind of biological agent and its application in crops straw returning field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of biological agent, the biological agent includes stalk fermentation preparation and compost preparation, the stalk fermentation preparation is prepared by complex micro organism fungicide and carrier, and the complex micro organism fungicide is by Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus, trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium according to 5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing.The biological agent that the inventive method uses not only has powerful decomposed effect to stalk, and also breeds a large amount of function bacteriums during the fermentation and produce a variety of special efficacy metabolites, so as to stimulate crop growth, improved soil structure, has a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, and in particular to a kind of biological agent and its application in crops straw returning field.
The content of the invention
With the raising of China's farm output, agricultural crop straw (such as corn stalk, wheat straw, sorghum stalks, peanut shell, peanut stalk,
Rice bran, straw, leaf etc.) output be also multiplied.Information according to the relevent statistics, the current all kinds of agricultural crop straws in the whole nation
Yield every year up to 7~1,000,000,000 tons, 60 times of its quantity equivalent to Northern grassland yield.For a long time, agricultural crop straw
Process problem is always the problem of making vast farmerses and governments at all levels feel more headache, the past due to evaluation and exploration technology shortage,
The reasons such as market information occlusion and peasant's autumn ploughing sowing time are of short duration, most stalks go out of use to rot in river course, roadside
Or directly destroyed by fire in field, river course and road traffic are not only blocked, and seriously pollute environment and cause the huge of resource
Waste.
Edaphon and enzyme are the important components of soil biochemistry characteristic, in Soil Nutrient Transformation circulation, are had
Machine matter decomposition etc. plays an important role, and is an important indicator of soil fertility, is commonly used for the life for evaluating soil quality
Thing characteristic, as one of study hotspot of soil educational circles.Straw-returning provides the carbon source of abundance for edaphon,
Promote microorganism growth, breeding, improve biological activity of soil.In recent years many scholars from different perspectives to straw-returning under the conditions of
Soil enzyme activities and micro organism quantity have carried out a series of research.Straw-returning can increase soil organic matter content, improve
Soil physical and chemical property, improve crop yield, it is considered to be a kind of effective farmland measures for building, and passed through in straw resource utilization
Ji and sustainable mode.But because stalk is mainly made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and the major part of lignin 3, it is natural
It is difficult to be decomposed by the microorganisms under state, C/N is higher in addition, stalk is decomposed in soil slowly, it is impossible to as this season crop
The source of manure, and microbial bacterial agent and chemical fertilizer, which are matched somebody with somebody to apply, can reduce C/N ratios, accelerate crop material to decompose, digest process.
Straw directly returning to field is the project promoted in recent years, and using straw-returning machine operation, mechanization degree is high, at stalk
The reason time is short, time length of being rotted in soil, influences ploughing and rotary tillage process, is unfavorable for sowing, and in recent years, often occurs straw
The thing of stalk burn-up, had not both reached the purpose of straw resource utilization, and had polluted environment again.
Straw-returning, which has, promotes the soil organism and nitrogen, the increase of phosphorus, potassium equal size, coordinates contradiction out of proportion；
Improve guarantor's accumulation of energy power of soil moisture；Straw-returning technology is environmental protection, the strategic choice of carrying for promoting agricultural sustainable development.It is logical
Straw-returning is crossed, soil organic matter content can be effectively increased, improved soil, accelerate immature soil into cultivated land, increase soil fertility.Improve and plant
Strain character, improves crop yield；Improve soil property, increase crumb structure the advantages that.The getting fat production-increasing function of straw-returning shows
Write, can typically increase production 5%~10%, be to promote stable and high agricultural yields, high speed, walk the important channel of sustainable development path.But
Reach such effect, not a duck soup.If method is improper, the increase of soil germ is also resulted in, crop disease is aggravated and is short of seedling
（Stiff seedling）Etc. bad phenomenon.Therefore rational straw-returning measure is taken, can just plays good field effect.
1st, straw-returning supplements soil nutrient.Crop material contains certain nutrient and cellulose, hemicellulose, wooden
Element, protein and ash element, existing more organic matter, there is the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium again.If stalk is transported from field
Walk, then the organic matter remained in soil only has 10% or so, causes soil fertility to decline.So, fertilising or straw are only passed through
The approach such as stalk returning to the field can just be supplemented.
2nd, straw-returning promotes microbial activities.Edaphon has in whole Agro-ecological System decomposes soil
The important function of organic matter and purification soil.The synthesis of organic matter is usually completed by plant leaf green, and the decomposition of organic matter is then by micro-
Biology is completed.Straw-returning adds mass energy material to edaphon, all kinds of micro organism quantities and enzymatic activity also phase
It should increase；Microorganism 18.9% can be increased by carrying out straw-returning, and contact enzymatic activity can increase by 33%, and invertase activity can increase by 47%,
Urease can increase by 17%.This has speeded up the conversion of the decomposition and mineral matter nutrient to organic substance, make nitrogen in soil,
The increase of the elements such as phosphorus, potassium, the validity of soil nutrient also increase.Caused cellulose, wood after microorganism decomposition converts
The black colloid substances such as quality, polysaccharide and humic acid, there is the ability for bonding grogs, formed and organic answered with inorganic with clay mineral
Zoarium, promote Zinc fractions crumb structure, mitigate volume weight of soils, increase soil reclaimed water, fertilizer, the coordination ability of air and heat, improve
Soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property.
3rd, straw-returning can reduce fertilizer application amount.Agriculture developed country all focuses on fertilization structure very much, such as american agriculture
The amount of application of fertilizer controls within the 1/3 of total dose always, Canada, stalk all returning to the field of U.S.'s major part corn, wheat.
Original nitrogen of the nitrogen that crop is absorbed in soil.23%-24% is only accounted for from chemical fertilizer.Even if this explanation using
Chemical fertilizer, soil organic matter are still most important to plant growth.So straw-returning is the pole for making up chemical fertilizer long-term use defect
Good method.
4th, straw-returning can improve agroecological environment.The stalk in rural area 80% mainly takes burning to handle, and pollutes sky
Gas, traffic, upper soll layer coking etc. are influenceed, also cause fire sometimes.In addition, arbitrarily disposal can also influence Agro-ecology ring to stalk
Border.So straw-returning is advantageously implemented the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes.
China's crop material aboundresources, because Straw Amendment is backward in technique, tell on slow, utilization rate is low, organic fertilizer
Proportion and amount of application reduce year by year, and fertilizer amount increases year by year.Stalk is fermented through beneficial microbe, complex equilibrium is applied
With chemical fertilizer, respective advantage is played to greatest extent, can obviously improve soil physical chemistry and biological character, to maintaining farmland good
Ecological environment system and crop nutrition system, reduce environmental pollution, raise productivity and improve the quality etc. positive effect.It is it is determined that a kind of feasible
Beneficial microbe fermentation organic fertilizer formula application technique, can be pollution-less agriculture production development, and standardized production
The formulation of technology provides scientific basis.
The content of the invention
The present invention, because stalk C/N is high, is difficult in its natural state in order to solve prior art during straw degradative
It is decomposed by the microorganisms, so as to the cycle length for the conversion that causes after straw-returning to be decomposed in soil, it is difficult to as this season crop fertilizer
The problem of source.A kind of biological agent and its application in straw-returning are provided, using the present invention biological agent fermented stalk,
Obtain organic fertilizer, decomposition into field.
The biological agent of the present invention, each strain is in promotion Organic Matter Transformation and participates in soil material circulation and energy friendship
In changing, not only with proprietary characteristic, while there is also general character relation.It is in close relations between soil enzyme and edaphon, say
The reinforcement of bright microbial life metabolic activity can improve soil enzyme activities, while the raising of enzymatic activity also promotes thing in soil
Matter conversion rate, nutrient and good soil microenvironment are provided for microorganism.Biological agent of the present invention is due in processing
During material obtain thoroughly it is decomposed, produce a large amount of functional microorganisms and a variety of metabolites such as plant hormone, antibiotic etc.,
So as to stimulate crop growth, soil nutrient is improved, improved soil structure, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, its is easy to operate, is beneficial to
Production.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of biological agent, it is characterised in that the biological agent includes stalk fermentation preparation and compost preparation.
The method that rice straw compost is carried out using above-mentioned preparation, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
（1）Agricultural crop straw is pre-processed, controls moisture 55~60%, stalk fermentation preparation carries the previous day and adds the dilution of 10 times of weight waters
（Be advantageous to recover and strengthen the vigor and activity of strain, improve the efficiency of decomposing agent corruption stalk）Dilution microbial inoculum is obtained, according to
20% addition dilution microbial inoculum of stalk weight, turns over and smashes uniformly；
（2）By trapezoidal, the heap top width 1-1.5 rice of the agricultural crop straw heap pre-processed growth, heap bottom width 2-3 rice, heap high summer and autumn
1.2~1.5 meters, 1.5~2.0 meters of winter-spring season, heap length are no less than 5 sides depending on place, per heap volume；
（3）After fermentation starts, kept for 1 day when 20~30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, then turn over and smash once, work as heap
After temperature rises to 55 DEG C again, kept for 1 day, then turn over and smash once；Turn over smashing according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature upward period is not
To turn over and smash, temperature stops rising then to turn over smashing, and the step for repetition, until heap temperature is identical with outdoor temperature, moisture is down to less than 30%
When, that is, complete fermentation process and obtain straw decomposing thing.
（4）According to step（3）The straw decomposing thing of preparation：Compost preparation is 3:2 weight is than addition compost preparation, mixing
It is tight with mudding after uniformly, continue fermentation one week, produce.
The compost preparation is according to feces of livestock and poultry：Turf is according to 9:It is prepared by 4 part by weight；
The stalk fermentation preparation is 3 according to volume ratio by complex micro organism fungicide and carrier:4 are prepared, described compound micro-
Bacteria agent is by Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus, trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium
According to 5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing.
The Trichoderma viride is（Trichoderma viride）ATCC 9645；
The white wine red streptomyces are（Streptomyces albovinaceus）ATCC 12951；
The Lactobacillus helveticus is（Lactobacillus helveticus）ATCC 15009；
The trichoderma reesei is（Trichoderma reesei）ATCC 13631；
The enterococcus faecalis is（Enterococcus faecalis）ATCC 33186;
The phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium is（Bacillus megaterium）ATCC 14581.
The preparation method of the complex micro organism fungicide is as follows：By Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus,
It is 2-4 × 10 that trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium are cultivated to concentration respectively9Individual/ml bacterium solution, is then pressed
According to 5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing, is produced；Composite bacteria agent in the range of this bacteria concentration, meeting quick composting stalk, such as
Fruit bacterium number is smaller, then the time that stalk is recovered can extend, the sowing of one batch of crop so under the influence of meeting, and bacterium number can excessively increase
Add toxigenic capacity.
The carrier is：Chitosan, rice husk are according to weight than 1:2 weight are than preparing；
The compost made of stalks production can be uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields compost made of stalks in field as base according to the amount of application of 300kg/ mus with direct returning to farmland
Fertilizer is used, and field is turned over after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Stubble is rice before the crop, and lower stubble is wheat；
Preferably, the agricultural crop straw is rice straw.
Strain of the present invention can be from American Type Culture collection warehousing（ATCC）It is commercially available.
Strain of the present invention can obtain the bacterium solution of required concentration by the cultural method of routine, as space is limited, and
Do not repeat one by one.
The present invention use rice husk as adsorbing agent carrier, and the rice husk adsorptivity is strong, can adsorber acid to greatest extent, in effective
With the alkalescence of nursery soil, the adsorbent that rice husk and chitosan are mixed with according to a certain percentage is easily facilitated into crop and normally given birth to
It is long.
There is good cooperative effect between biological agent microorganism provided by the invention；To corn, the rice for being difficult to degrade
There is efficient degradation property Deng stalk, the microbial inoculum is mainly used in crop material decomposition into field in agricultural planting, is converted
For efficient, safe and environment-friendly biological organic fertilizer.Can be decomposed rapidly by field straw at one week or so, relative to prior art
Microbial inoculum greatly reduces the decomposed time, solves the problems, such as decomposed slow, returning to the field difficulty in crops straw returning field be present, improves soil
The earth content of organic matter, the effect of " land used is increased soil fertility " is served, cracked government's encouragement, agriculture in straw-returning problem for a long time
The quagmire that the people slack off.
Microbe species collocation of the present invention is reasonable, employs Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Switzerland's breast bar
Bacterium, the combination of trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium, it is complementary by the synergy of several different strains
By force, composite bacteria agent can rapidly be bred after use, form dominant population, and can be brought rapidly up, and promote the decomposition of stalk,
And the nutrient content such as organic matter is high after heap corruption；Dominant bacteria can be utilized to destroy the eucaryotic cell structure of stalk, effectively facilitate starch, albumen
The dissolution of the active ingredients such as matter, cellulose, lignin, so that the oxygen such as the protein of most of difficult degradation, cellulose, lignin
Change decompose, to mitigate the pressure of subsequent degradation, and, produce more than 60 DEG C high temperature come accelerate rice straw degrade speed, gram
Taken the Straw decomposing transformation period it is long the problem of；
The mutual not antagonism of biological agent of the present invention, synergy, not only there is powerful decomposed effect to stalk, and during the fermentation
Also breed a large amount of function bacteriums and produce a variety of special efficacy metabolites, so as to stimulate crop growth, improve crop disease-resistant, resist
Drought, cold tolerance, function bacterium enter soil after, can fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, increase soil nutrient, improved soil structure, carry
High chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of biological agent, it is characterised in that the biological agent includes stalk fermentation preparation and compost preparation.
The method that rice straw compost is carried out using above-mentioned preparation, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
（1）Agricultural crop straw is pre-processed, controls moisture 55%, stalk fermentation preparation carries the previous day and adds the dilution of 10 times of weight waters（Favorably
In the vigor and activity that recover and strengthen strain, the efficiency of raising decomposing agent corruption stalk）Dilution microbial inoculum is obtained, according to stalk weight
20% addition dilution microbial inoculum of amount, turns over and smashes uniformly；
（2）By the agricultural crop straw heap pre-processed grow up trapezoidal, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, 1.2 meters of heap high summer and autumn,
1.5 meters of winter-spring season, heap length are no less than 5 sides depending on place, per heap volume；
（3）After fermentation starts, kept for 1 day when 20~30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, then turn over and smash once, work as heap
After temperature rises to 55 DEG C again, kept for 1 day, then turn over and smash once；Turn over smashing according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature upward period is not
To turn over and smash, temperature stops rising then to turn over smashing, and the step for repetition, until heap temperature is identical with outdoor temperature, moisture is down to less than 30%
When, that is, complete fermentation process and obtain straw decomposing thing.
（4）According to step（3）The straw decomposing thing of preparation：Compost preparation is 3:2 weight is than addition compost preparation, mixing
It is tight with mudding after uniformly, continue fermentation one week, produce.
The compost preparation is according to feces of livestock and poultry：Turf is according to 9:It is prepared by 4 part by weight
The stalk fermentation preparation is 3 according to volume ratio by complex micro organism fungicide and carrier:4 are prepared, described compound micro-
Bacteria agent is by Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus, trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium
According to 5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing.
The Trichoderma viride is（Trichoderma viride）ATCC 9645；
The white wine red streptomyces are（Streptomyces albovinaceus）ATCC 12951；
The Lactobacillus helveticus is（Lactobacillus helveticus）ATCC 15009；
The trichoderma reesei is（Trichoderma reesei）ATCC 13631
The enterococcus faecalis is（Enterococcus faecalis）ATCC 33186;
The phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium is（Bacillus megaterium）ATCC 14581.
The preparation method of the complex micro organism fungicide is as follows：By Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus,
It is 2 × 10 that trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium are cultivated to concentration respectively9Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to
5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing, is produced；Composite bacteria agent in the range of this bacteria concentration, meeting quick composting stalk, if
Bacterium number is smaller, then the time that stalk is recovered can extend, the sowing of one batch of crop so under the influence of meeting, and bacterium number can excessively increase
Toxigenic capacity.
The carrier is：Chitosan, rice husk are according to weight than 1:2 weight are than preparing；
The stalk compost made of stalks production compost made of stalks uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields with direct returning to farmland, according to the amount of application of 300kg/ mus field as
Base manure is used, and field is turned over after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Stubble is rice before the crop, and lower stubble is wheat；
Embodiment 2：
A kind of biological agent, it is characterised in that the biological agent includes stalk fermentation preparation and compost preparation.
The method that rice straw compost is carried out using above-mentioned preparation, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
（1）Agricultural crop straw is pre-processed, controls moisture 60%, stalk fermentation preparation carries the previous day and adds the dilution of 10 times of weight waters（Favorably
In the vigor and activity that recover and strengthen strain, the efficiency of raising decomposing agent corruption stalk）Dilution microbial inoculum is obtained, according to stalk weight
20% addition dilution microbial inoculum of amount, turns over and smashes uniformly；
（2）By trapezoidal, 1.5 meters of the heap top width of the agricultural crop straw heap pre-processed growth, 3 meters of heap bottom width, heap high summer and autumn 1.5
Rice, 2.0 meters of winter-spring season, heap length are no less than 5 sides depending on place, per heap volume；
（3）Fermentation start after, kept for 1 day when 30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, then turn over and smash once, when heap temperature again
It is secondary rise to 55 DEG C after, keep 1 day, then turn over and smash once；Turn over smashing according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature upward period does not turn over
To smash, temperature stops rising then to turn over smashing, and the step for repetition, until heap temperature is identical with outdoor temperature, moisture is down to less than 30%
When, that is, complete fermentation process and obtain straw decomposing thing.
（4）According to step（3）The straw decomposing thing of preparation：Compost preparation is 3:2 weight is than addition compost preparation, mixing
It is tight with mudding after uniformly, continue fermentation one week, produce.
The compost preparation is according to feces of livestock and poultry：Turf is according to 9:It is prepared by 4 part by weight
The stalk fermentation preparation is 3 according to volume ratio by complex micro organism fungicide and carrier:4 are prepared, described compound micro-
Bacteria agent is by Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus, trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium
According to 5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing.
The Trichoderma viride is（Trichoderma viride）ATCC 9645；
The white wine red streptomyces are（Streptomyces albovinaceus）ATCC 12951；
The Lactobacillus helveticus is（Lactobacillus helveticus）ATCC 15009；
The trichoderma reesei is（Trichoderma reesei）ATCC 13631
The enterococcus faecalis is（Enterococcus faecalis）ATCC 33186;
The phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium is（Bacillus megaterium）ATCC 14581.
The preparation method of the complex micro organism fungicide is as follows：By Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus,
It is 4 × 10 that trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium are cultivated to concentration respectively9Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to
5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing, is produced；Composite bacteria agent in the range of this bacteria concentration, meeting quick composting stalk, if
Bacterium number is smaller, then the time that stalk is recovered can extend, the sowing of one batch of crop so under the influence of meeting, and bacterium number can excessively increase
Toxigenic capacity.
The carrier is：Chitosan, rice husk are according to weight than 1:2 weight are than preparing；
The stalk compost made of stalks production compost made of stalks uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields with direct returning to farmland, according to the amount of application of 300kg/ mus field as
Base manure is used, and field is turned over after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Stubble is rice before the crop, and lower stubble is wheat；
Embodiment 3：Influence of the rice straw returning to the field to topsoil soils
The soil weight is an important Testing index of soil physico-chemical property, refer in its natural state unit volume dry ground with it is same
The mass ratio of volume of water, it reflects the integrated status such as the structure of soil, the content of organic matter, the height meeting of soil weight index
Soil porosity and pore size distribution, the fertility of the penetration power of soil and soil are directly influenced, the soil of root system of plant is worn
Saturating power and root activity, further have impact on the growth and development of plant.Change the soil weight of salinized soil, become the soil weight
Small, soil becomes loose, has good porosity, and water content amount increase is only the important goal in saline-alkali soil soil improvement.
Soil porosity, it refer to the gas permeability of its size of the very rate of soil solid particle and soil, water penetration,
Moisture storage capacity, fertile ability is held, and the workability of soil of soil has inseparable relation, the also growth and development state with crop
There is direct relation.The granular size of the soil of salinized soil, the porousness of soil, the content of organic matter and the soil texture are all straight
The porosity for determining soil is connect, therefore the soil porosity for calculating salinized soil also provides important data branch for soil improvement
Hold.
Water-stable aggregate is the scattered soil mass of water resistant power, and soil water stability structure is acted on particularly regulation soil fertility
Significantly.Water-stable aggregate content is determined, is contributed to soil fertility, the evaluation of soil texture.
Test group is：The compost made of stalks that embodiment 1-2 is respectively adopted is increase soil fertility, then long-term cropping, crop growth
Process Routine Management fertilizer and moisture；
Control group is produced for routinely operation, by stalk returning to the field on the spot after harvest, does not apply biological agent, and then plantation is made
Thing, crop developmental process Routine Management fertilizer and moisture.
Experiment concrete outcome is shown in Table 1：
Table 1 utilizes the influence after the application biological agent straw-returning to soil
| Group | Unit weight g/cm | Water content % | Soil water stability performance percentage | Total porosity（%） |
| Control group | 1.44 | 9.54 | 8.31 | 30.23 |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.21 | 11.07 | 10.03 | 36.33 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.22 | 11.21 | 10.04 | 37.21 |
As it can be seen from table 1 after carrying out straw-returning using embodiment 1-2 biological agent, the physicochemical property of soil obtains
Very big change, the soil weight are reduced, and add soil porosity, improve water content and soil water stability
Aggregate percentage, the overall physical properties of soil are improved.
Acted synergistically between the application biological agent composition of embodiment 4
Using biological agent made from embodiment one as experimental group；
Compare one group：Trichoderma viride is not added, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；
Compare two groups：White wine red streptomyces are not added, and remaining is the same as embodiment 1；
Compare three groups：Lactobacillus helveticus is not added, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；
Compare four groups：Trichoderma reesei is not added, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；
Compare five groups：Enterococcus faecalis is not added, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；
Compare six groups：Phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium is not added, and remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Blank control group：Biological agent is not added, only adds the blank control group of water,
8 experimental groups altogether, 2 repetitions are tested.Take fresh stalk to be intercepted, ensure that the stalk of every group of experiment is suitable, keep
Apply that water, temperature, humidity, sunlight sunshine condition are consistent, and other conditions are also essentially identical.
Respectively by nine experimental group composite bacteria liquids（Blank group only water）Carrying the previous day adds the dilution of 10 times of water to obtain dilution activation
Liquid, activating solution is diluted according to 20% addition of stalk weight,
All experimental groups are placed in identical environment and daily Timing measurement temperature, humidity change, and the decomposed degree of stalk.
The calculation formula of resolution ratio is：
Rate of corrosion (part)=(weight of the decomposed preceding stalk of weight/carry out of stalk after decomposed) × 100%
After 7 days, the decomposition that the stalk in eight test groups is compared in terms of color, feel and stretching resistance becomes fermentation maturity at the same time
Change situation is referring to table 2；
The straw degradative contrast test of table 2
| Embodiment 1 | Control one | Control two | Control three | Control four | Control five | Control six | Blank control | |
| Cellulose degradation rate | 92.7% | 62.4% | 33.4% | 35.7% | 50.7% | 53.4% | 47.3% | 8.3% |
| Hemicellulose degradation rate | 93.1% | 50.7% | 32.1% | 41.2% | 51.3% | 51.2% | 48.1% | 9.7% |
| Lignin degradation rate | 93.4% | 50.1% | 34.8% | 44.6% | 49.6% | 50.3% | 50.3% | 8.5% |
Influence of the 5 direct decomposition into field of embodiment to crop yield.
Stubble is the plot of rice before selection, and plot is divided into three equal parts, in the case of other cultivation condition identicals,
Do following three kinds of processing：
Test 1 group：By preceding stubble rice decomposition into field, using the method for embodiment 1, by rice straw returning to the field, wheat is then planted,
During wheat growth, do not refertilize, Routine Management moisture；
Test 2 groups：By preceding stubble rice decomposition into field, using the method for embodiment 2, then rice straw returning to the field on the spot is planted
Wheat, during wheat growth, do not refertilize, Routine Management moisture；
Control group：Then preceding stubble rice plants wheat, 15-15-15 N P and Ks are applied according to conventional amount used in wheat growth
NPK, Routine Management moisture.
Under three kinds of dispositions, the wheat per mu yield situation in each plot is as shown in table 3.
Each plot wheat per mu yield situation of table 3
| Area（Mu） | Yield（Kg/ mus） | |
| Test 1 group | 2 | 587.4 |
| Test 2 groups | 2 | 592.8 |
| Control group | 2 | 544.2 |
As can be seen from the above table, after rice straw being utilized into the application biological agent decomposition into field, fertilizer is no longer applied in rear stubble
While, wheat still increases production 7.9% and 8.9% respectively than Routine control group, it can be seen that, biological agent of the invention can
Improve soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility, reduce the administration of chemical fertilizer, and improve crop yield.
Although above detailed explanation is made to this case with generality explanation and embodiment, in the present invention
On the basis of, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, not
Deviate the modification or improvement made on the basis of present invention spirit, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of biological agent, it is characterised in that the biological agent includes stalk fermentation preparation and compost preparation.
2. biological agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the stalk fermentation preparation is by complex micro organism fungicide
With carrier according to volume ratio be 3:4 are prepared, and the complex micro organism fungicide is by Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Switzerland
Lactobacillus, trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium are according to 5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing.
3. according to the biological agent described in claim 1-2, it is characterised in that：
The Trichoderma viride is（Trichoderma viride）ATCC 9645；
The white wine red streptomyces are（Streptomyces albovinaceus）ATCC 12951；
The Lactobacillus helveticus is（Lactobacillus helveticus）ATCC 15009；
The trichoderma reesei is（Trichoderma reesei）ATCC 13631；
The enterococcus faecalis is（Enterococcus faecalis）ATCC 33186；
The phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium is（Bacillus megaterium）ATCC 14581.
4. according to the biological agent described in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the preparation method of the complex micro organism fungicide is such as
Under：By Trichoderma viride, white wine red streptomyces, Lactobacillus helveticus, trichoderma reesei, enterococcus faecalis, phosphorus decomposing bacillus megaterium difference
Cultivate to concentration and be（2-4）×109Individual/ml bacterium solution, then according to 5:4:2:3:1:2 volume ratio mixing, is produced.
5. according to the biological agent described in claim 1-4, it is characterised in that the carrier is by chitosan, rice husk according to weight
Than 1:2 weight are than preparing.
6. the method for crops straw returning field is carried out using biological agent described in claim 1-5, it is characterised in that step is such as
Under：
（1）Agricultural crop straw is pre-processed, controls moisture 55~60%, stalk fermentation preparation carries the previous day and adds the dilution of 10 times of weight waters
Dilution microbial inoculum is obtained, according to 20% addition dilution microbial inoculum of stalk weight, turns over and smashes uniformly；
（2）By trapezoidal, the heap top width 1-1.5 rice of the agricultural crop straw heap pre-processed growth, heap bottom width 2-3 rice, heap high summer and autumn
1.2~1.5 meters, 1.5~2.0 meters of winter-spring season, heap length is depending on place；
（3）After fermentation starts, kept for 1 day when 20~30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge rise to 55 DEG C, then turn over and smash once, work as heap
After temperature rises to 55 DEG C again, kept for 1 day, then turn over and smash once；Turn over smashing according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature upward period is not
To turn over and smash, temperature stops rising then to turn over smashing, and the step for repetition, until heap temperature is identical with outdoor temperature, moisture is down to less than 30%
When, that is, complete fermentation process and obtain straw decomposing thing；
（4）According to step（3）The straw decomposing thing of preparation：Compost preparation is 3:2 weight is well mixed than addition compost preparation
It is tight with mudding afterwards, continue fermentation one week, obtain compost made of stalks.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that the compost preparation is according to feces of livestock and poultry：Turf according to
9:It is prepared by 4 part by weight.
8. according to the method described in claim 6-7, it is characterised in that the preferred rice straw of agricultural crop straw.
9. biological agent described in claim 1-5 is used for crops returning to the field and improves the purposes of soil.
10. the compost made of stalks prepared according to claim 6-8 methods describeds.
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| CN108929171A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-04 | 黄勇洪 | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110093339A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-06 | 广东丰康生物科技有限公司 | A kind of five seasons rich microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101724559A (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2010-06-09 | 营口恒新生物技术开发有限公司 | Compound microbial inoculum for decomposing straw as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN101724559A (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2010-06-09 | 营口恒新生物技术开发有限公司 | Compound microbial inoculum for decomposing straw as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108929171A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-04 | 黄勇洪 | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110093339A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-06 | 广东丰康生物科技有限公司 | A kind of five seasons rich microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof |
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