CN104609997A - Manufacturing process and application method of ginseng bio-organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Manufacturing process and application method of ginseng bio-organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104609997A CN104609997A CN201510057854.8A CN201510057854A CN104609997A CN 104609997 A CN104609997 A CN 104609997A CN 201510057854 A CN201510057854 A CN 201510057854A CN 104609997 A CN104609997 A CN 104609997A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing process and an application method of a ginseng bio-organic fertilizer. By the manufacturing process and the application method, since ginsengs grow continuously in the same place for years, with the extension of the growing years, the problems of serious diseases, yield reduction and quality reduction of ginsengs are caused, the soil conditions deteriorate gradually and the fertility is reduced. The ginseng bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.2-0.5% of a composite microbial agent, 0.2-1.0% of composite amino acid, 60.0-80.0% of organic material main ingredient and 10.0-30.0% of organic material auxiliary materials through composting together. The bio-organic fertilizer is spread on the surface of soil uniformly during soil preparation, the dosage is 2-10kg.m<-2>; through turning and rotary tillage, the fertilizer is mixed uniformly with 20cm deep bed soil, and the ginsengs are planted after seven days. By the manufacturing process and application, the problems of gradually deteriorating soil conditions and reducing fertility during the ginseng growing process are solved, the purpose of fertilizing soil, reducing diseases of ginsengs and improving yield and quality is achieved, and meanwhile, the soil ecological environment is protected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to a kind of manufacture craft and application process of panax biological fertilizer.
Background technology
Biological organic fertilizer refers to that after harmless treatment, becoming thoroughly decomposed, the class be composited has the fertilizer of microbial fertilizer and fertilizer effect concurrently with microorganisms with specific functions and plant and animal residues (as the organic materials such as feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw) for originate.
Ginseng is perennial medicinal plant, grows the several years continuously in same place, sowing or after transplanting, early growth is better, the later stage due to edaphic condition progressively worsen, fertility declines, plant strain growth is slow, disease is serious, causes that quality of medicinal material declines, output reduction.On current ginseng is produced, for overcoming soil fertility decline problem, fertilizer amount is in the trend increased year by year.Research shows, excessive chemical fertilizer of using is except reduction quality of medicinal material, and the acid ion in fertilizer residues in soil, progressively accumulation can cause making soil acidification, cause soil environment quality to worsen, cause soil compaction, sclerosis, harm is produced to biology, water body, air and HUMAN HEALTH simultaneously.
Biological organic fertilizer has the effect improving soil physical and chemical property, culture fertility, also has the advantage that fertilizer efficiency is long, nutrient is complete simultaneously.The present invention uses after complex micro organism fungicide and organic materials are made biological organic fertilizer; solve the problem that edaphic condition in Ginseng Growth progressively worsens, fertility declines; reach fertilizing soil, alleviate ginseng diseases, improve the object of seed output and quality, also help soil protection ecotope simultaneously.Retrieval shows, not yet finds the biological organic fertilizer being used for ginseng land soil at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, according to ginseng ground edaphic condition, to provide a kind of panax biological fertilizer, under solving long-term cultivation ginseng condition, soil physical chemistry and biological character deterioration, Ginseng Growth later stage disease is serious, yields poorly and ropy problem.
Biological organic fertilizer of the present invention is mixed complex micro organism fungicide, aminoacids complex and organic materials (comprising major ingredient and auxiliary material), then jointly piles corruption, use after making biological organic fertilizer.
A kind of ginseng bio-organic fertilizer special, its technical characteristic is, is formed by weight percentage by following preparation of raw material:
Complex micro organism fungicide 0.2% ~ 0.5%.
Aminoacids complex 0.2% ~ 1.0%
Organic materials (major ingredient) 60.0% ~ 80.0%
Organic materials (auxiliary material) 10.0% ~ 30.0%.
The effect of each component in the present invention:
1, the complex micro organism fungicide in the present invention comprises: promise Ka Shi actinomycetes, vinelandii, silicate bacteria, subtilis, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and azotobacter vinelandii, above microbial inoculum is probiotics, prepare according to disease recurrent in Ginseng Growth, the microorganism in soil can be activated after using, increase quantity of useful microbe, improve geobiology proterties, improve biological activity of soil, reach the object of fungus treatment.Get equal weight part with each microbial inoculum, after mixing, make complex micro organism fungicide.
2, aminoacids complex.Amino acid is the basic substance of life, is the important nutrient needed for plant-growth.Aminoacids complex water-soluble 100%, nontoxic, odorless, pollution-free, soluble in water, very easily absorbed by crops.Amino Acid Chelated Mineral Fertilizer use range is extensive, all crops such as food crop, cash crop, fruit, vegetables is had to the effect having and improve output and oil recovery enhancement.Use aminoacids complex, to plant-growth, there is the effect of long-acting and fugitive benefit nitrogen, crop disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold tolerance can be strengthened.
3, the organic materials in the present invention comprises major ingredient and auxiliary material.Wherein major ingredient comprises: marc, bagasse, edible fungi residues, vinasse, brewer's grains, sugared slag, acid-sludge, fecula, manioc waste, citric acid waste, soy sauce residues, residue of monosodium glutamate, granulated slag, residue from beans after making, the dregs of a decoction, the dregs of fat, oil meal, bran, the cotton dish dregs of rice, the feed that goes mouldy, mud, sugar refinery brew-house slag mud, butcher tankage, the bulk materials such as (swill) water, leftover, people's animal excrement of swilling; Auxiliary material comprises: the high-carbon materials such as various agricultural crop straw, leaf weeds, melon vine, straw, loose shell, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, wood sawdust, chaff powder, system chaff.Organic materials is the main supply person of soil fertility, can increase the soil organism and nutrient content, is conducive to upgrading agron and forms and provide stable soil ulmin, maintain soil organic matter balance, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote soil nutrient circulation.After using, can reduce the soil weight, porosity increase, water ratio improve, the degree of packing decline, temperature rise.In addition, also containing the mineral element that the plant such as a large amount of organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element is necessary in organic materials, be a kind of well fertilizer.
The manufacture craft of panax biological fertilizer:
The first step gets complex micro organism fungicide 0.2% ~ 0.5%, aminoacids complex 0.2% ~ 1.0%, organic materials major ingredient 60.0% ~ 80.0%, organic materials auxiliary material 10.0% ~ 30.0%.
Before second step fermentation, 2.0 kilograms of urea and 10.0 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are added in organic materials per ton, to meet the needs of microorganism in fermenting process, then complex micro organism fungicide, aminoacids complex, organic materials major ingredient and organic materials auxiliary material are mixed.
3rd step moisture content is 60% ~ 65%, and namely to grab material agglomerating for hand, lands and namely fall apart.
4th step, when envrionment temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, piles wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, high about 0.6 meter, the heap do not limit of length, is often separated by 2 meters and is erected in heap with waddy or sorghum, as ventilating pit, then ferment.
5th step starts overturning when piling temperature rise to 50 DEG C, once a day, when heap temperature is more than 65 DEG C, then adds an overturning.The rotten process of whole heap, temperature controls below 70 DEG C, the too high nutrient that can reduce biological organic fertilizer of temperature.
Become thoroughly decomposed mark: heap temperature drop is low, and material loosens, and without the stink that material is original, slightly ammonia taste, when producing white hypha in heap, namely completes the making of biological organic fertilizer.
Application process: biological organic fertilizer consumption is 2 ~ 10 kgm-2, during whole ground, biological organic fertilizer is sprinkling upon soil surface equably, by turning over and rotary tillage, mixing with the dark bed soil of 20cm, planting ginseng after 7 days.
Test effect of the present invention:
1 materials and methods
1) for examination soil
For examination Monitoring annual soil losses: organic 30.5gkg-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 107.4mgkg-1, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mgkg-1, available potassium 146.2mgkg-1, pH5.8.
2) making of biological organic fertilizer
The first step gets promise Ka Shi actinomycetes, vinelandii, silicate bacteria, subtilis, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and each 0.7kg of azotobacter vinelandii, complex micro organism fungicide is made after mixing, add-on is 9.0 kg, accounts for 0.3% of organic materials total amount; Get aminoacids complex 15.0 kg; Get organic materials major ingredient to comprise: each 750 kg of residue from beans after making, wheat bran, chicken manure, add up to 2250 kg, account for 75% of organic materials total amount; Get organic materials auxiliary material to comprise: the maize straw of pulverizing, leaf weeds and each 250 kg of wood sawdust, add up to 750 kg, account for 25% of organic materials total amount.
Before second step fermentation, organic materials per ton adds 6.0kg urea and 30.0kg calcium superphosphate, then mixes with complex micro organism fungicide, aminoacids complex, organic materials major ingredient and organic materials auxiliary material.
3rd step moisture content is 60% ~ 65%, and namely to grab material agglomerating for hand, lands and namely fall apart.
4th step, when envrionment temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, piles wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, high about 0.6 meter, the heap do not limit of length, is often separated by 2 meters and is erected in heap with waddy or sorghum, as ventilating pit, then ferment.
5th step starts overturning when piling temperature rise to 50 DEG C, once a day, when heap temperature is more than 65 DEG C, then adds an overturning.The rotten process of whole heap, temperature controls below 70 DEG C.
Become thoroughly decomposed mark: heap temperature drop is low, and material loosens, and without the stink that material is original, slightly ammonia taste, when producing white hypha in heap, namely completes biological organic fertilizer of the present invention and make.
3) test process and method
Test process: 2 process are established in test.A. do not use biological organic fertilizer (CK), b. calculates by initial charging capacity, and biological organic fertilizer consumption is 5.0 kgm-2, plot area 10 0m2, random alignment.
Fertilizing method: during whole ground, is sprinkling upon soil surface equably by biological organic fertilizer, turns over for 2 times, 2 rotary tillages, mixes with the dark bed soil of 20cm.Test adopts " two, three " cultivation system, namely uses transplantation of seedlings in 2 years 3 years.The experimental field gradient 15 °, ploughing depth 20cm, tiltedly plants formula.The wide 165cm of ginseng bed, high 25cm, line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 8cm.
2, test-results
1) biological organic fertilizer is on the impact of soil microbial biomass
Research shows (table 1), and after using biological organic fertilizer, compare with CK, microbial biomass carbons and nitrogens all has remarkable increase, and microbial biomass C is 1.63 times of farmland, ground after ginseng, and Soil microbial biomass nitrogen is 1.39 times of farmland, ground after ginseng.Soil microbial biomass is the active part of the soil organism, is also the most active factor in soil, soil microbial biomass and soil fertility and soil health in close relations.The major cause that in this experiment, microbial biomass carbons and nitrogens increases is because edatope improves, assimilation product in biological organic fertilizer is that microbial growth provides a large amount of C sources and N source, facilitate the vital movement of soil microorganisms, thus soil microbe quantity is significantly increased, concrete reflection is then the raising of soil microbial biomass C, N content.
2) biological organic fertilizer is on the impact of soil chemical properties
Research shows (table 2), after using biological organic fertilizer, compares with CK, and the soil organism increases by 14.4%, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium increase by 28.1%, 26.8% and 22.0% respectively.The soil organism is most active composition in soil, maximum to Fertility evolution, the heat affecting of liquid manure gas, is the important basic substance of soil fertility, can as the important indicator evaluating soil quality, use biological organic fertilizer, can soil organic matter content be significantly improved, contribute to soil fertility and recover.
3) biological organic fertilizer is on the impact of soil physical property
Research shows (table 3), after using biological organic fertilizer, compares with CK, and the soil weight reduces by 12.0%, and total cell size and water content increase by 10.1% and 19.3% respectively.The size of unit weight can reflect the elasticity of planting ginseng soil, and unit weight is little, represents loosing soil porous, well structural, and unit weight greatly then shows that soil compaction plate lacks structure firmly.
4) biological organic fertilizer is on the impact of ginseng diseases incidence
Test-results shows (table 4), and using biological organic fertilizer has remarkably influenced to sage root growth, compares with CK, and ginseng root disease evil obviously reduces, and epidemic disease, sclerotium disease and rust rot comparatively contrast and reduce reduction by 61.2%.
5) biological organic fertilizer is on the impact of ginseng output
Test-results shows (table 5), uses biological organic fertilizer ginseng output and comparatively contrasts increase by 16.1%, significant difference.
3, conclusion
Test-results of the present invention shows, after using biological organic fertilizer, soil physical and chemical property obviously improves, and ginseng root disease evil obviously reduces, and ginseng output significantly improves.
Embodiment:
1, the making method of biological organic fertilizer
The first step gets promise Ka Shi actinomycetes, vinelandii, silicate bacteria, subtilis, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and azotobacter vinelandii by equal weight part, make complex micro organism fungicide after mixing, add-on is 0.2% ~ 0.5% of organic materials total amount.
Get aminoacids complex, add-on is 0.2% ~ 1.0% of organic materials total amount.
Get organic materials (major ingredient) to comprise: marc, bagasse, edible fungi residues, vinasse, brewer's grains, sugared slag, acid-sludge, fecula, manioc waste, citric acid waste, soy sauce residues, residue of monosodium glutamate, granulated slag, residue from beans after making, the dregs of a decoction, the dregs of fat, oil meal, bran, the cotton dish dregs of rice, the feed that goes mouldy, mud, sugar refinery brew-house slag mud, butcher tankage, the bulk materials such as (swill) water, leftover, people's animal excrement of swilling, major ingredient add-on is 60.0% ~ 80.0% of organic materials total amount; Get organic materials (auxiliary material) to comprise: the high-carbon materials such as various agricultural crop straw, leaf weeds, melon vine, straw, loose shell, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, wood sawdust, chaff powder, system chaff.Auxiliary material add-on is 10.0% ~ 30.0% of organic materials total amount.
Before second step fermentation, organic materials per ton adds 2.0kg urea and 10.0kg calcium superphosphate, then mixes with complex micro organism fungicide, aminoacids complex, organic materials major ingredient and organic materials auxiliary material.
3rd step moisture content is 60% ~ 65%, and namely to grab material agglomerating for hand, lands and namely fall apart.
4th step, when envrionment temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, piles wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, high about 0.6 meter, the heap do not limit of length, is often separated by 2 meters and is erected in heap with waddy or sorghum, as ventilating pit, then ferment.
5th step starts overturning when piling temperature rise to 50 DEG C, once a day, when heap temperature is more than 65 DEG C, then adds an overturning.The rotten process of whole heap, temperature controls below 70 DEG C.
Become thoroughly decomposed mark: heap temperature drop is low, and material loosens, and without the stink that material is original, slightly ammonia taste, when producing white hypha in heap, namely completes the making of biological organic fertilizer.
2, embodiment:
The first step gets each 0.23 kg of promise Ka Shi actinomycetes, vinelandii, silicate bacteria, subtilis, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and azotobacter vinelandii, add up to 3.0 kg, account for 3.0% of organic materials total amount, after mixing, make complex micro organism fungicide; Get aminoacids complex 5.0 kg, account for 0.5% of organic materials total amount; Get organic materials (major ingredient) to comprise: each 250 kg of residue from beans after making, wheat bran, chicken manure, add up to 750 kg, account for 75% of organic materials total amount; Get organic materials (auxiliary material) to comprise: the maize straw of pulverizing, leaf weeds and each 83.3 kg of wood sawdust, add up to 250 kg, account for 25% of organic materials total amount;
Second step regulates moisture 60% ~ 65%, and namely to grab material agglomerating for hand, lands and namely fall apart.
Get 2.0kg urea and 10.0kg calcium superphosphate before 3rd step fermentation, mix with complex micro organism fungicide, aminoacids complex, organic materials major ingredient and organic materials auxiliary material.
4th step, when envrionment temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, piles wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, high about 0.6 meter, the heap do not limit of length, is often separated by 2 meters and is erected in heap with waddy or sorghum, as ventilating pit, then ferment.
5th step starts overturning when piling temperature rise to 50 DEG C, once a day, when heap temperature is more than 65 DEG C, then adds an overturning.The rotten process of whole heap, temperature controls below 70 DEG C.
Become thoroughly decomposed mark: heap temperature drop is low, and material loosens, and without the stink that material is original, slightly ammonia taste, when producing white hypha in heap, namely completes the making of biological organic fertilizer.
3, the application process of biological organic fertilizer: calculate by initial charging capacity, biological organic fertilizer consumption is 2 ~ 10 kgm-2, during whole ground, biological organic fertilizer is sprinkling upon soil surface equably, by turning over and rotary tillage, mixing, plant ginseng after 7 days with the dark bed soil of 20cm.
Biological organic fertilizer of the present invention can not replace other field management measure.
Claims (5)
1. a manufacture craft for panax biological fertilizer, its technical characteristic is, is formed by weight percentage by following preparation of raw material:
Complex micro organism fungicide 0.2% ~ 0.5%
Aminoacids complex 0.2% ~ 1.0%
Organic materials (major ingredient) 60.0% ~ 80.0%
Organic materials (auxiliary material) 10.0% ~ 30.0%.
2. the manufacture craft of a kind of panax biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is further characterized in that: the complex micro organism fungicide in the present invention comprises: promise Ka Shi actinomycetes, vinelandii, silicate bacteria, subtilis, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and azotobacter vinelandii.
3. the manufacture craft of a kind of panax biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, be further characterized in that: the organic materials in the present invention comprises major ingredient and auxiliary material, and wherein major ingredient comprises: marc, bagasse, edible fungi residues, vinasse, brewer's grains, sugared slag, acid-sludge, fecula, manioc waste, citric acid waste, soy sauce residues, residue of monosodium glutamate, granulated slag, residue from beans after making, the dregs of a decoction, the dregs of fat, oil meal, bran, the cotton dish dregs of rice, the feed that goes mouldy, mud, sugar refinery brew-house slag mud, butcher tankage, the bulk materials such as (swill) water, leftover, people's animal excrement of swilling; Auxiliary material comprises: the high-carbon materials such as various agricultural crop straw, leaf weeds, melon vine, straw, loose shell, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, wood sawdust, chaff powder, system chaff.
4. the manufacture craft of panax biological fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is further characterized in that:
The first step gets complex micro organism fungicide 0.2% ~ 0.5%, aminoacids complex 0.2% ~ 1.0%, organic materials major ingredient 60.0% ~ 80.0%, organic materials auxiliary material 10.0% ~ 30.0%;
Before second step fermentation, organic materials per ton adds 2.0 kilograms of urea and 10.0 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, then mixes with complex micro organism fungicide, major ingredient and auxiliary material;
3rd step moisture content is 60% ~ 65%, and namely to grab material agglomerating for hand, lands and namely fall apart;
4th step, when envrionment temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, piles wide 1.5 ~ 2.0 meters, high about 0.6 meter, the heap do not limit of length, is often separated by 2 meters and is erected in heap with waddy or sorghum, as ventilating pit, then ferment;
5th step starts overturning when piling temperature rise to 50 DEG C, and once a day, when heap temperature is more than 65 DEG C, then add an overturning, all the rotten process of heap, temperature controls below 70 DEG C.
5. the application process of panax biological fertilizer, is characterized in that: biological organic fertilizer consumption is 2 ~ 10 kgm
-2, during whole ground, biological organic fertilizer is sprinkling upon soil surface equably, by turning over and rotary tillage, mixes with the dark bed soil of 20cm, after 7 days, planting ginseng.
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