CN104447040B - A kind of three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers and preparation method thereof and the application in tobacco planting - Google Patents

A kind of three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers and preparation method thereof and the application in tobacco planting Download PDF

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CN104447040B
CN104447040B CN201410779615.9A CN201410779615A CN104447040B CN 104447040 B CN104447040 B CN 104447040B CN 201410779615 A CN201410779615 A CN 201410779615A CN 104447040 B CN104447040 B CN 104447040B
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CN104447040A (en
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向铁军
陈裕新
易百科
袁辉雄
刘大其
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HUNAN GOLD LEAF PUBLIC EXPECTATION TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/30—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using irradiation, e.g. solar or nuclear radiation; using electric or magnetic fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers, rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid, organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is used to be starting material, by fermentation after process, be equipped with functional microorganism microbial inoculum and microelement chelate pulvis again, form a kind of novel biological fertilizer, be rich in organic acid and the functional microorganism bacterium such as xanthohumic acid, amino acid, linolic acid, its fertilizer efficiency is high, active strong, to soil improvement, improve the aspects such as crop resistance, output, quality and be obviously better than common organic fertilizer.Prepared functional microorganism microbial inoculum in the preparation process of bio-feritlizer of the present invention, the surviving rate of this functional biological microbial inoculum in fertilizer and the common microbial inoculum of effective sex ratio high.Biological organic fertilizer of the present invention is used in tobacco leaf planting, promotes the formation of aroma substance in tobacco leaf, improve quality of tobacco, also improve the output of tobacco leaf simultaneously.

Description

A kind of three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers and preparation method thereof and the application in tobacco planting
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological fertilizer field, particularly relate to a kind of biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof and the application in tobacco planting.
Background technology
China is fertilizer consumption state maximum in the world, and chemical fertilizer has irreplaceable effect to China's agriculture production, but for a long time, excessive use chemical fertilizer, inevitably brings a series of harm of degradation under such as environmental pollution, Soil degradation, quality of agricultural product.Large quantity research shows, biological organic fertilizer has fertilizing soil, improvement Soil structure, improves the effects such as soil enzyme activities, effectively can make up the harm that excessive use chemical fertilizer causes soil.At present, the biological organic fertilizer on market, due to starting material, production fermentation mode difference, makes its inherent effective constituent, practical effect etc. also be not quite similar.That ploughs degenerate along with China is on the rise, and develops a kind of efficient, highly active biological organic fertilizer significant for the Sustainable development of agricultural.
Biological organic fertilizer refers to that microorganisms with specific functions has the fertilizer of microbial change rules and fertilizer effect concurrently with the class be composited through harmless treatment, the organic materials that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Compared with the fertilizer become from rotten institute shortening with nature, biological organic fertilizer product except containing higher organic matter, also containing the microorganism with specific function.Microorganism should show certain fertilizer effect, the compound absorbing indissoluble in nutrition, activating soil as having enhancement soil fertility, manufacture and assistance farm crop absorbs for crop, maybe can produce various active material and resist, press down disease substance, good stimulation and regulating and controlling effect is had to the growth of farm crop, can reduce or reduce the generation of crop pest, and improve the effect of the aspects such as quality of agricultural product.
Humic acid is that nature extensively exists a kind of larger molecular organics matter, is the excellent additive making biological organic fertilizer.Humic acid fertilizer can improve the utilization ratio of crop to nutrient, humic acid has aromatic proton, hydroxyl, carboxyl isoreactivity functional group, can produce with nitrogen element and react, form very stable complex compound, the retention time of these complex compounds in soil is long, its mineral nutrient can discharge gradually with the absorption of plant, thus plays the effect protecting nitrogen.Humic acid can also dissolve by the potassium of soil fixing, improves the solvability of Soil Phosphorus, thus improves the validity of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.According to statistics, humic acid fertilizer can improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer 5%-10%, makes crop yield 10%-30%.Humic acid can also improve Soil structure, reduces soil salt content, promotes the formation of soil agreegate, for crop root growth provides good environment.Correlative study shows, humic acid can also promote that soil beneficial microorganism is movable, increase soil microbe quantity, raising soil enzyme activities, soil beneficial microorganism can prevent and treat various disease and pest, and therefore, the resistance of humic acid to crop also has certain effect.
A kind of important humic acid that xanthohumic acid is, its relative molecular weight is little, water-soluble, strongly-acid, indissoluble mineral substance in soil can be made to become solvable, be conducive to the absorption of plant to nutrient.Meanwhile, xanthohumic acid is also a plant growth regulators, and energy Promoting plant growth, plays an important role to drought resisting, can improve plant stress-resistance ability, increase production and improve crop quality.Industrial xanthohumic acid is obtained by organic detritus such as strong acid or highly basic lixiviate weathered coals, additionally adds xanthohumic acid in fertilizer, contributes to improving fertilizer efficiency, improve crop anti-adversity ability.
Amino acid is the fundamental unit of constitutive protein matter, and be the main source of nitrogen element in fertilizer, general organic fertilizer decomposing degree is higher, and breaks down proteins must be more thorough, and aminoacids content is relatively more, and nitrogen content is also higher, and fertilizer efficiency is better.Plant directly can absorb partial amino-acid, and amino acid participates in the formation of various enzyme in plant materials, promotes crop metabolism, improves crop yield and quality.Amino acid is as a kind of organic acid, and much character is similar with humic acid, has improvement soil, promotes plant root growth, improves the effects such as utilization rate of fertilizer.
Linolic acid is unsaturated fatty acids, extensively be present in the seed of oil crops, can be microorganism containing linoleic incorporation of fertilizerin the soil and carbon source equal energy source material is provided, soil microorganisms environment can be improved, linolic acid can also be absorbed indirectly by plant, the oil components of crop, fragrance ingredient can be significantly improved, improve mouthfeel, promote quality of agricultural product.
Essential element refer to plant normal growth grow must and the plant nutrient that can not replace with other elements.At present, the plant of generally acknowledging must have carbon by macroelement, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc., moderate-element has magnesium, calcium, sulphur, silicon etc., essential trace element has iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, sodium, nickel etc., wherein Partial Elements plant easily obtains at occurring in nature, Partial Elements especially trace element is then difficult to obtain, easy various nutritional deficiency symptom, as magnesium deficiency, iron etc. can make leaf chlorosis, yellowish-whiteization, copper, molybdenum shortage can make leaf rolling produce macula lutea, boron, zn deficiencie can make plant roots and stems and fruit development be obstructed, calcium deficiency, silicon can affect plant organ quality, grow and be obstructed.Abundanter containing trace element in fertilizer, for plant provides nutrition to get over comprehensive coordinate, the growth of crop is more secure.
Current biological organic fertilizer lays particular emphasis on the effect of functional microorganism, ignores fertilizer itself to the improvement of soil and effect crop being provided to nutrient, and cause the effective constituent such as soil ulmin, nutrient in fertilizer low, the fertilizer efficiency of biological organic fertilizer fails to make full use of.And biological organic fertilizer also exists certain not enough in production technique, mainly its microbial inoculum used during the fermentation is mostly broad spectrum type microbial inoculum, not pointed to different organic materialss, such that its fermentation efficiency is low, fermentation period is long, the product quality that becomes thoroughly decomposed is low.In addition, biological organic fertilizer is due to the disunity on production technique, bacterial classification source, and cause function bacterial classification to be inoculated into after in fertilizer, its effective bacterium quantity is low, easy in inactivation, functional difference.Therefore, research and develop a kind of biological organic fertilizer can improved soil and can provide nutrient to crop, and provide pointed function microbial inoculum according to biological organic fertilizer production technique, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof and the application in tobacco planting.
The technical scheme that the present invention proposes is:
A kind of three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers, mainly comprise the raw material of following weight part: fermentation maturity thing 97-98 weight part, nano-carbon powder 1-2 weight part, functional microorganism microbial inoculum 0.5-1 weight part and microelement chelate pulvis 0.4-0.5 weight part; Wherein said fermentation maturity thing forms primarily of rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid and organism of fermentation bacteria fermentation, and the mass ratio of described rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid and organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is: 60-70: 20-30: 5-10: 0.5-1; Described functional microorganism microbial inoculum is made primarily of fixed nitrogen series bacillus (Paenibacillus azotofixans), bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium) and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacullus mucilaginosus) mixing, pulverizing, the mass ratio of described fixed nitrogen series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering is: 4-5: 3-4: 2-3, functional microorganism bacteria suspension concentration >=5,000,000,000/g; Effective nutritive ingredient of described biological organic fertilizer contains trace element, and linolic acid >=4%, total free aminoacids >=3%, xanthohumic acid >=5%.
Above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, preferably, described microelement chelate pulvis mainly comprises Cu-EDTA, Fe-EDTA, Ca-EDTA, Mo-EDTA, Mn-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, MgSO 4, Na 2b 4o 710H 2o, Na 2siO 39H 2o and bentonitic mixture, described Cu-EDTA, Fe-EDTA, Ca-EDTA, Mo-EDTA, Mn-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, MgSO 4, Na 2b 4o 710H 2o, Na 2siO 39H 2o and bentonitic mass ratio are: 0.1-0.2: 0.1-0.2: 1-2: 0.01-0.02: 0.1-0.2: 0.1-0.2: 2-3: 1-2: 1-2: 7-8.
Above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, preferably, described organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is yeast (Saccharomyces sp.), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn), subtilis (Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg1835) Cohn1872) and bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereusFranklandandFrankland1887) mixing, pulverizing is made, described yeast, aspergillus oryzae, the mass ratio of subtilis and bacillus cereus is: 0.5-1: 1.5-2: 4-6: 2.5-3, described organism of fermentation bacteria suspension concentration >=2,000,000,000/g.
Above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, preferably, described biological organic fertilizer contains one or more in copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, manganese, calcium, silicon, zinc, boron trace element; Described biological organic fertilizer total nutrient >=6%, living bacteria count >=0.5 hundred million/g, organic >=60%, moisture≤30%, fecal coliform≤100/g, induced worm egg death rate >=95%.
As a total inventive concept, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer, comprise the following steps:
1) organism of fermentation microbial inoculum and functional microorganism microbial inoculum is prepared;
2) by rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid and described organism of fermentation microbial inoculum mix and blend, add clear water while stirring, by the moisture controlled of fermentation materials at 42%-45%, fully mix evenly, by in material transfer to warm canopy trough type fermentation field, build heap by cloth and be fermented into fermentation maturity thing;
3), after trough type fermentation terminates, material is transferred in Secondary Fermentation ageing field, carries out banking up ageing, Secondary Fermentation adopts the process of not turning mode, bank height 1-1.5m, length and width are not limit, and the high-temperature self transpiring moisture allowing material be produced by fermentation is down to less than 30% to material moisture;
4) by step 3) after Secondary Fermentation material, nano-carbon powder, functional microorganism microbial inoculum and microelement chelate pulvis mix in stirrer, i.e. obtained biological organic fertilizer.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described step 2) in, cloth is built heap fermentation and is adopted the aerobic automatic temperature-controlled throwing fermentation technique that turns over of sun power to ferment, and automatic turning after leavening temperature rises to 60 DEG C also carries out aeration operation.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described step 1) in, organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is prepared concrete steps and is comprised: prepare the liquid nutrient medium needed for yeast, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis and bacillus cereus, and being sub-packed in each growth fermentor tank middle cover mouth sealing sterilizing, 4-10 days is cultivated in ventilation after accessing each bacterial classification, lucifuge; The cultivation concentration of described yeast, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis and bacillus cereus reaches 10,000,000,000/mL and stops cultivating.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described step 1) in, the concrete operation step of preparing of functional microorganism microbial inoculum comprises: prepare the liquid nutrient medium needed for fixed nitrogen series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, and being sub-packed in each growth fermentor tank middle cover mouth sealing sterilizing, 4-10 days is cultivated in ventilation after accessing each bacterial classification, lucifuge; The cultivation concentration of described fixed nitrogen series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering reaches 20,000,000,000/mL and stops cultivating.
Above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, adopt the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb each bacterium liquid stopping cultivating as carrier, the bacterium liquid after absorption at room temperature carries out drying to moisture≤30%; In described mixture, the mass ratio of oily chaff and rice straw powder is 4:5-6:5, often rises bacterium liquid and be adsorbed on the mixture of 1-5kg during adhered bacteria liquid.
As a total inventive concept, the present invention also provides the application of a kind of above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer in tobacco planting, and biological organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer use simultaneously; The mass ratio that described biological organic fertilizer and described inorganic fertilizer use simultaneously is 2:5-3:5.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention use rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid etc. to be starting material, by fermentation after process, be equipped with functional microorganism microbial inoculum again, and chelated microelements pulvis, a kind of novel biological fertilizer of formation, is rich in organic acid and the functional microorganism bacterium such as xanthohumic acid, amino acid, linolic acid, its fertilizer efficiency is high, active strong, to soil improvement, improve the aspects such as crop resistance, output, quality and be obviously better than common organic fertilizer; Three acid (xanthohumic acid, amino acid, linolic acid) material has its general character in improvement soil, by a large amount of active function groups that it contains, be combined with each metal ion species, reduce heavy metal while reducing nutrient loss to poison plant, in addition, three acid are organic acid, can dissolve by the phosphorus of soil fixing, potassium and discharge, promote that crop is to the absorption of nutrient; Functional biological microbial inoculum promotes that soil aggregate is formed, and improves soil water fat gas condition, promotes plant growth, improves crop resistance.Three acid substances have his own strong points, and can not substitute mutually, have complementary action: xanthohumic acid is humic acid, are mainly and promote that soil aggregate is formed, improve soil water fat gas condition, indirectly promote plant growth; Amino acid molecular structure is relatively little, and part directly can be absorbed by plant, participates in the formation of various enzyme in plant materials, thus stimulates crop metabolism, promotes plant growth, improves crop resistance; Linolic acid is then as the energy substance of microorganism, and for microorganism provides carbon source and energy, have vital role to raising soil microbial activities, biological organic fertilizer is after being manured into soil, and linoleic existence can make some functional microorganism growth and breeding speed faster.
2) the invention provides a kind of method preparing function bacterial classification, the surviving rate of this function microbial inoculum in fertilizer and the common microbial inoculum of effective sex ratio high, be rich in xanthohumic acid, amino acid, linolic acid isoreactivity material, be better than ordinary student organic fertilizer to soil improvement and raising quality of agricultural product aspect, the interpolation of chelated microelements pulvis compensate for the deficiency of ordinary student organic fertilizer in nutritive ingredient.
3) three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention with the addition of the functional microorganism microbial inoculum with fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing effect, effectively can improve Soil structure, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, enhancing crop anti-adversity, improve crop to the utilization ratio of nutrient.
4) three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention use in tobacco leaf planting, promote the formation of aroma substance in tobacco leaf, improve quality of tobacco; Also improve the output of tobacco leaf simultaneously.
Embodiment
Unless otherwise defined, hereinafter used all technical terms are identical with the implication that those skilled in the art understand usually.The object of technical term used herein just in order to describe specific embodiment is not be intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Apart from special instruction, all ingredients used in the present invention, raw material are can commodity commercially or can by the obtained product of known method.
A kind of three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention, by 2180kg fermentation maturity thing, 40kg nano-carbon powder, 20kg functional microorganism microbial inoculum and 9.83kg microelement chelate pulvis composition; Wherein fermentation maturity thing is by the rapeseed meal of 1500kg oleaginousness 10%, 580kg dregs of beans, and 185kg xanthohumic acid and 15kg organism of fermentation bacteria fermentation form; Microelement chelate pulvis is mainly 97.5gCu-EDTA, 97.5gFe-EDTA, 975gCa-EDTA, 10gMo-EDTA, 97.5gMn-EDTA, 97.5gZn-EDTA, 1625gMgSO 4, 975gNa 2b 4o 710H 2o, 975gNa 2siO 39H 2the bentonitic mixture of O and 4875g; Functional microorganism microbial inoculum is 9kg fixed nitrogen series bacillus, and 6kg bacillus megaterium and the mixing of 5kg bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, pulverizing are made, functional microorganism bacteria suspension concentration>=5,000,000,000/g; Organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is 1kg yeast, 2.5kg aspergillus oryzae, and 7.5kg subtilis and the mixing of 4kg bacillus cereus, pulverizing are made, organism of fermentation bacteria suspension concentration>=2,000,000,000/g.
A preparation method for three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
By the good each substratum of the preparation of raw material shown in table 1, and be sub-packed in 1000mL triangular flask, every bottled amount 200 ~ 300mL, seal with silica gel plug, to be placed in high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C, take out cooling, respectively different microorganisms mother is planted in aseptic Bechtop and be inoculated in corresponding substratum.According to the culture condition of bacterial classification each shown in table 2, by bacterial classification under corresponding culture condition, shaking table is cultivated (rotating speed 120rpm) and is cultivated 2 ~ 4d, obtains cultured liquid mother and plants.
Table 1 substratum main component
The each microbial growth condition of table 2
By a large amount of liquid nutrient mediums prepared, be sub-packed in special bacterial classification and produce in fermentor tank, liquid amount is 70%, lid mouth sealing sterilizing (maintaining 20min at sterilising conditions 121 DEG C), cooling.Utilize the provide protection of flame, manufacture aseptic technique space, liquid mother is planted and is inoculated in fermentor tank.By the culture condition described in table 2, each controling parameters of adjustment fermentor tank, reaches the culture condition of different strain, spawn culture 4 ~ 10d.
Utilize the culture dish coating of bacterium liquid to cultivate, measure the growth concentration of bacterial classification in fermentor tank, when the growth concentration of bacterial classification in fermentor tank reaches after by the bacterial classification working concentration described in table 2, stop the fermentor liquid of bacterial classification to cultivate.Adopt oily chaff: rice straw powder=1: the compound of 1 adsorbs bacterium liquid as carrier, in bacterium liquid (L) during absorption: the ratio of compound (kg)=1: 3 is adsorbed, bacterium liquid after absorption at room temperature carries out drying to moisture≤30%, for subsequent use.
Single microbial inoculum after absorption is pressed 1kg yeast, 2.5kg aspergillus oryzae, 7.5kg subtilis, and the organism of fermentation microbial inoculum of final microorganism concn >=2,000,000,000/g is made in the mixing of 4kg bacillus cereus, pulverizing.
Single microbial inoculum after absorption pressed fixed nitrogen series bacillus 9kg, bacillus megaterium 6kg, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 5kg mixes, pulverize the functional microorganism microbial inoculum making final microorganism concn >=5,000,000,000/g.
By rape dregs of rice 1500kg, the dregs of beans 580kg of oil length 10%, xanthohumic acid 185kg, organism of fermentation microbial inoculum 15kg adds stirrer and stirs, and adds clear water while stirring, by the moisture controlled of fermentation materials at 42%-45%, fully mix evenly, by in material transfer to warm canopy trough type fermentation field, carry out cloth and build heap fermentation, build stack height 0.8-1.2m, width 4-5m, length is not limit.The aerobic automatic temperature-controlled throwing fermentation technique that turns over of sun power is adopted to ferment.Build heap and be positioned at plastic warm canopy, utilize the heat-insulating property of the heat effect of sun power and warm canopy, improve the temperature in warm canopy, accelerate material fermentation.Laying temperature survey meter in fermenter, according to bank temperature rising situation, automatically carries out turning over throwing and aeration operation, increases oxygen supply and promote moisture evaporation, accelerating material and become thoroughly decomposed.Automatic turning after temperature rises to 60 DEG C also carries out aeration operation, and on average about every turning in 2-3 days once, turning 7-9 time altogether, fermentation period about 20 days.
After trough type fermentation terminates, material is transferred in Secondary Fermentation ageing field, carries out banking up ageing.Secondary Fermentation adopts the process of not turning mode, and bank height 1-1.5m, length and width are not limit.Because moisture content of material is also higher, through Secondary Fermentation, allow material pass through the high-temperature self transpiring moisture produced that ferments, after material moisture is down to 30%, material is transferred in finished product packing workshop.
By 97.5gCu-EDTA, 97.5gFe-EDTA, 975gCa-EDTA, 10gMo-EDTA, 97.5gMn-EDTA, 97.5gZn-EDTA, 1625gMgSO 4, 975gNa 2b 4o 710H 2o, 975gNa 2siO 39H 2o and 4875g wilkinite mixes, pulverize, be sieved into Powdered, makes microelement chelate pulvis.
Get the thing 2180kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed that Secondary Fermentation terminates, nano-carbon powder 40kg, functional microorganism microbial inoculum 20kg and microelement chelate pulvis 9.83kg mix as in stirrer, namely make three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention.
After testing, three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention meet NY 884-2012 biological organic fertilizer quality standard; Biological organic fertilizer total nutrient >=6% of the present invention, living bacteria count >=0.5 hundred million/g, organic >=60%, moisture≤30%, fecal coliform≤100/g, induced worm egg death rate >=95%, cupric, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, manganese, calcium, silicon, zinc, boron 9 kinds of medium trace element, the biological activity quality guaranteed period reaches 6 months; Three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention contain linolic acid >=4%, total free aminoacids >=3%, xanthohumic acid >=5%.
By as follows for the application test situation of the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer made on tobacco leaf:
Test period: in October ,-2013 in March, 2013
Test site: Fenghuang Zhi Yan district
Test materials: three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention, rapeseed cake fertilizer, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, saltpetre, urea, ammonium chloride, cloud and mist 87.
Test design: 3 process are established in test, repeat for 3 times, random district, 9 communities group arranges, plot area 66.7m 2, seeding row spacing 0.5m × 1.2m, each community 110 strain.Process 1 is biological organic fertilizer of the present invention+inorganic fertilizer process, and process 2 is common rapeseed cake fertilizer+inorganic fertilizer process, and CK is pure inorganic fertilizer process, and particular case is in table 3.Test and transplanted March 24, cigarette strain is grown to center the flowers are in blossom and puts about 10% and unifiedly to pinch, and the ripe time-division community of tobacco leaf is carried out tobacco leaf picking and toasts, and records better-than-average cigarette ratio, output, the output value respectively.Extract 50, tobacco leaf in the tobacco leaf of gathering in every community in addition immediately and measure its total N, potassium element (K 2o), nicotine, soluble sugar, neophytadiene, carotenoid etc.
Table 3 experimental design
Interpretation of result:
From table 4 data, each process is different on the impact of tobacco leaf chemistry inside, wherein total N, K 2the substances content such as O, soluble sugar T1>T2>CK, illustrate that using three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers improves Soil structure thus, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, facilitate the absorption of tobacco leaf to N, K, in biological organic fertilizer, actives mass-energy stimulates tobacco leaf growth simultaneously, synthesizes more glucide.Nicotine content CK>T2>T1, illustrate that using biological organic fertilizer makes each chemical substance in tobacco leaf more coordinate, its quality is higher.
Table 4 different treatment is on the impact of tobacco leaf internal chemical composition
Neophytadiene is the material that in flue-cured tobacco Volatile infochemicals, content is the highest, the degraded of carotenoid and thermal cracking products can form hundreds of aroma substance, these are all the main components forming aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco, and analysis neophytadiene, the content of carotenoid in tobacco leaf can weigh the quality of tobacco leaf on fragrance is jealous.From table 4 data, use biological organic fertilizer of the present invention, in tobacco leaf, to execute pure inorganic fertilizer high by 30.92% for neophytadiene content ratio, higher by 10.03% than executing common rapeseed cake fertilizer, it is high by 19.37% that carotenoid content ratio executes pure inorganic fertilizer, higher by 11.31% than executing common rapeseed cake fertilizer, illustrate that using three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers can increase Aromatic Matter Contents in tobacco leaf thus, and biological organic fertilizer is due to containing organic acids such as more linolenic acid, amino acid, is formed at tabacco fragrance material and be better than common rapeseed cake fertilizer.
As shown in Table 5, use the process of the sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizer of the present invention three, output, average price, in medium grade cigarette ratio all higher than other process.In the output value, biological organic fertilizer increases nearly 800 yuan than the process of using pure inorganic fertilizer every per mu yield value, increases nearly 300 yuan than the process executing common rapeseed cake fertilizer every per mu yield value.
Table 5 different treatment is on the impact of the tobacco leaf output value
Brief summary: the sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizer of the present invention three can to improve in tobacco leaf the substances content such as potassium element, reducing sugar, can promote the formation of aroma substance in tobacco leaf, improves quality of tobacco.Use three sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizers of the present invention, yield of tobacco and better-than-average cigarette ratio can be improved, for tobacco grower brings obvious economic benefit.

Claims (9)

1. a sour mixed fermentation biological organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that, mainly comprise the raw material of following weight part: fermentation maturity thing 97-98 weight part, nano-carbon powder 1-2 weight part, functional microorganism microbial inoculum 0.5-1 weight part and microelement chelate pulvis 0.4-0.5 weight part; Wherein said fermentation maturity thing forms primarily of rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid and organism of fermentation bacteria fermentation, and the mass ratio of described rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid and organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is: 60-70: 20-30: 5-10: 0.5-1; Described organism of fermentation microbial inoculum be yeast ( saccharomyces sp.), aspergillus oryzae ( aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn), subtilis ( bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg1835) Cohn1872) and bacillus cereus ( bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland 1887) mixing, pulverize and make, the mass ratio of described yeast, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis and bacillus cereus is: 0.5-1: 1.5-2: 4-6: 2.5-3, described organism of fermentation bacteria suspension concentration>=2,000,000,000/g; Described functional microorganism microbial inoculum primarily of fixed nitrogen series bacillus ( paenibacillus azotofixans), bacillus megaterium ( bacillus megaterium) and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering ( bacullus mucilaginosus) mixing, pulverize and make, the mass ratio of described fixed nitrogen series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering is: 4-5: 3-4: 2-3, functional microorganism bacteria suspension concentration>=5,000,000,000/g; Effective nutritive ingredient of described biological organic fertilizer contains trace element, and linolic acid>=4%, total free aminoacids>=3%, xanthohumic acid>=5%.
2. biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described microelement chelate pulvis mainly comprises Cu-EDTA, Fe-EDTA, Ca-EDTA, Mo-EDTA, Mn-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, MgSO 4, Na 2b 4o 710H 2o, Na 2siO 39H 2o and bentonitic mixture, described Cu-EDTA, Fe-EDTA, Ca-EDTA, Mo-EDTA, Mn-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, MgSO 4, Na 2b 4o 710H 2o, Na 2siO 39H 2o and bentonitic mass ratio are: 0.1-0.2: 0.1-0.2: 1-2: 0.01-0.02: 0.1-0.2: 0.1-0.2: 2-3: 1-2: 1-2: 7-8.
3. biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described biological organic fertilizer contains one or more in copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, manganese, calcium, silicon, zinc, boron trace element; Described biological organic fertilizer total nutrient >=6%, living bacteria count >=0.5 hundred million/g, organic >=60%, moisture≤30%, fecal coliform≤100/g, induced worm egg death rate >=95%.
4. the preparation method of biological organic fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprises the following steps:
1) organism of fermentation microbial inoculum and functional microorganism microbial inoculum is prepared;
2) by rapeseed meal, dregs of beans, xanthohumic acid and described organism of fermentation microbial inoculum mix and blend, add clear water while stirring, by the moisture controlled of fermentation materials at 42%-45%, fully mix evenly, by in material transfer to warm canopy trough type fermentation field, build heap by cloth and be fermented into fermentation maturity thing;
3), after trough type fermentation terminates, material is transferred in Secondary Fermentation ageing field, carries out banking up ageing, Secondary Fermentation adopts the process of not turning mode, bank height 1-1.5m, length and width are not limit, and the high-temperature self transpiring moisture allowing material be produced by fermentation is down to less than 30% to material moisture;
4) the Secondary Fermentation material after step 3), nano-carbon powder, functional microorganism microbial inoculum and microelement chelate pulvis are mixed in stirrer, i.e. obtained biological organic fertilizer.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, cloth is built heap fermentation and is adopted the aerobic automatic temperature-controlled throwing fermentation technique that turns over of sun power to ferment, and automatic turning after leavening temperature rises to 60 DEG C also carries out aeration operation.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is prepared concrete steps and is comprised: prepare the liquid nutrient medium needed for yeast, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis and bacillus cereus, and being sub-packed in each growth fermentor tank middle cover mouth sealing sterilizing, 4-10 days is cultivated in ventilation after accessing each bacterial classification, lucifuge; The cultivation concentration of described yeast, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis and bacillus cereus reaches 10,000,000,000/mL and stops cultivating.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), the concrete operation step of preparing of functional microorganism microbial inoculum comprises: prepare the liquid nutrient medium needed for fixed nitrogen series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, and being sub-packed in each growth fermentor tank middle cover mouth sealing sterilizing, 4-10 days is cultivated in ventilation after accessing each bacterial classification, lucifuge; The cultivation concentration of described fixed nitrogen series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering reaches 20,000,000,000/mL and stops cultivating.
8. preparation method as claimed in claims 6 or 7, is characterized in that: adopt the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb each bacterium liquid stopping cultivating as carrier, the bacterium liquid after absorption at room temperature carries out drying to moisture≤30%; In described mixture, the mass ratio of oily chaff and rice straw powder is 4:5-6:5, often rises bacterium liquid and be adsorbed on the mixture of 1-5kg during adhered bacteria liquid.
9. the application of the biological organic fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 in tobacco planting, is characterized in that: biological organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer use simultaneously; The mass ratio that described biological organic fertilizer and described inorganic fertilizer use simultaneously is 2:5-3:5.
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