CN104447095B - A kind of biological activity organic medical fertilizer and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of biological activity organic medical fertilizer and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of biological activity organic medical fertilizer, its total nutrient 12 ~ 15%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass ratio of O is 3 ~ 6:0 ~ 2:5 ~ 7, and living bacteria count is 0.5 hundred million/g ~ 100,000,000/g, and organic matter is 60% ~ 75%, moisture≤30%, and fineness is 20 ~ 40 orders, and nicotine content is 0.2 ~ 0.3%, pH is 6.0 ~ 7.0.Its preparation method comprises the following steps: add in material agitator by offal, grouts, organism of fermentation microbial inoculum, add water during stirring, material is carried out pile fermentation, obtain fermentation maturity material; Then fermentation maturity material and functional microbial microbial inoculum added mixing in stirrer, pulverize, be sieved into Powdered, packaging final prod.This biological organic fertilizer containing inorganic states nutrient or chemical industry additive, containing multiple soil activation microorganism, effectively can not solve the problems such as soil compaction, can improve Soil structure, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, improves crop to the utilization of nutrient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field, particularly relate to a kind of biological activity organic medical fertilizer and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Along with the development of economy and society, Soil degradation problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, main manifestations be soil compaction and sclerosis, erosion, salinization, acidifying, element is unbalance, chemical pollution, Organic Matter Loss and animals and plants fauna degeneration etc., seriously limit the development of fertility.According to the report display that Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (Food and Agriculture Organization) issued in November, 2011, / 4th " serious degradations " in existing arable land, the whole world, before threatening the year two thousand fifty, world food increases production the target of seventy percent.The report of this part " ploughing and situation of water resource in the world " by name shows, and the arable land " serious degradation " in the whole world 25%, only there is 10% arable land " situation improvement " in the arable land " gently degraded " of 44%.Agricultural Activities causes Soil degradation to be the major reason causing land deterioration.A large amount of use inorganic fertilizer causes soil compaction, and unreasonable irrigation causes the soil salinization, and it is all the main cause causing soil fertility to decline that unreasonable use agricultural chemicals causes soil poisoning seriously to wait.
Manure use or biological organic fertilizer are one of important measures of repairing degenerated soil.Fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical property and soil nutrient status effectively, improves permeability, and activating soil microorganism improves the adsorptive power to fertilizer, reduces nutrient and fixes, strengthen the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil, improve plant recovery of nutrient.But the weak point of fertilizer is that nutrient content is low, usage quantity is comparatively large, if fermentation not exclusively, likely to environment.Existing fertilizer adopts traditional stack retting method mostly, and zymotechnique is simple, and process control is not tight.Likely because feces of livestock and poultry decomposes not exclusively, soil or underground water are polluted; Also crop or because harmful microbe in organic fertilizer grows is made to produce disease.For solving the problem, in recent years, microbial fertilizer obtains and develops faster and apply, and it can decompose feces of livestock and poultry residue to a certain extent, suppresses harmful microbe to be bred.But pure microbial fertilizer has again cost high, the not congruent defect of nutrient content, constrains its development.Biological activity organic medical fertilizer with the addition of functional microbiobacterial agent, by the activity of functional microbial, decomposes and has fixed phosphorus, potassium nutrition, obtain release; The nitrogen of fixed air is converted to available nitrogen, reduces the usage quantity of nitrogenous fertilizer.China Patent Publication No. is CN 1398824A, publication date is on February 26th, 2003, denomination of invention is the patent documentation of " biological organic fertilizer and manufacture method thereof ", solid spawn fermentation is produced by cultivating with Bacillus licheniformis and subtilis, through air-dry or oven dry after becoming thoroughly decomposed, biological organic fertilizer is made in pulverizing, and the weight ratio of its main raw material is: grouts 50 ~ 60%, feces of livestock and poultry 10 ~ 30%, stalk 20 ~ 30%, bacterial classification 1 ~ 1.5%.It is that organic material is made fertilizer by packaging after strain fermentation, and its bacterial classification is comparatively single, and the later stage does not also add functional microbial microbial inoculum again, meanwhile, does not also have the effect of pre-preventing disease and pest.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome the deficiency and defect mentioned in above background technology, there is provided one not containing inorganic states nutrient or chemical industry additive, enrich containing multiple soil activation microorganism, organic content, nutrient is balanced, fertilizer efficiency is lasting biological activity organic medical fertilizer and its preparation method and application, effectively can solve the problems such as soil compaction, Soil structure, prevention and elimination of disease and pests can be improved, improve crop to the utilization of nutrient.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is a kind of biological activity organic medical fertilizer, and the total nutrient of described biological activity organic medical fertilizer is 12% ~ 15%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass ratio of O is 3 ~ 6:0 ~ 2:5 ~ 7, and living bacteria count is 0.5 hundred million/g ~ 100,000,000/g, and organic matter is 60% ~ 75%, moisture≤30%, and fineness is 20 ~ 40 orders, and nicotine content is 0.2 ~ 0.3%, pH is 6.0 ~ 7.0.Material does not add inorganic states nutrient or chemical industry additive, and not containing fecal coliform and roundworm egg, the biological activity quality guaranteed period is 6 months.
As a total inventive concept, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned biological activity organic medical fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
Offal, grouts are pulverized, by following proportioning raw materials:
Offal 40 ~ 60 weight part;
Grouts 45 ~ 55 weight part;
Organism of fermentation microbial inoculum 1 ~ 2 weight part;
Above-mentioned raw materials is added in material agitator, during stirring, add water, after stirring, material is carried out pile fermentation, obtain fermentation maturity material;
Then 98 ~ 99 weight part fermentation maturity materials and 1 ~ 2 weight part functional microbial microbial inoculum added mixing in above-mentioned stirrer, pulverize, be sieved into Powdered, packaging final prod.
Described fertilizer with the addition of functional microbial microbial inoculum, makes it have effect of fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing; Biomass nicotine composition also containing trace in fertilizer, is a kind of desinsection anthelmintic substance of environmental protection safety, effectively can prevents and treats native transmissibility insect pest.
Wherein grouts are by products of edible oil industry, account for and produce 20% ~ 30% of the whole strain gross weight of oil crop.The dish dregs of rice of whole nation generation in 2013 are more than 7,000,000 tons, and sesame seed meal output also breaks through 500,000 tons.Grouts are high-protein plant raw material, a kind of rare organonitrogen raw material sources, the dish dregs of rice, sesame seed meal are made into by biological fermentation the organic nitrogen that fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer have high-content, and various nutritive element is also very abundant, is a kind of organic fertilizer raw material resource of high-quality.
Offal is the waste material of cigarette industry, accounts for 20% ~ 30% of tobacco leaf gross weight, and the annual offal waste material produced in the whole nation just has several nearly 1,000,000 tons.Offal has singularity, directly can not carry out burning and destroy or landfill disposal etc., owing to not utilizing timely and effectively or process, causes that most of the products are overstocked, waste warehousing resource, the serious sustainable development hindered to cigarette industry.In recent years, to the comprehensive utilization of offal, tobacco waste gradually deeply, resource reutilization more and more comes into one's own, and correspondingly develops series of process technology, and as extracted pectin, nicotine, cellulose xanthate ester, or it is expanded etc. to manufacture reconstituted tobacco, offal; However, the utilization of current offal waste material is also quite little, can meet far away the requirement of process offal waste material.Offal belongs to agricultural byproducts tankage, if be developed as fertilizer, then the utilization of tobacco stem waste will obtain tremendous growth.Offal has the resources of high-content, is rare potassium element fertilizer raw material sources.In addition, offal contains a kind of biomass desinsection anthelmintic substance-nicotine, as being developed as fertilizer, effectively can suppress the generation of native transmissibility insect pest, and nicotine easily decomposes, and is not easily absorbed by plants, and is a kind of desinsection anthelmintic substance of environmental protection safety.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, grouts are sesame seed meal and the dish dregs of rice, and wherein sesame seed meal is 30 ~ 35 weight parts, and the dish dregs of rice are 15 ~ 20 weight parts.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the preparation of described organism of fermentation microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: the mother of yeast (Saccharomyces sp.), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn), subtilis (Bacillussubtilis (Ehrenberg1835) Cohn1872), bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland1887) planted respectively and carry out shaking flask liquid culture;
Then above-mentioned four kinds of liquid mother being planted respectively is inoculated in fermenter equipment, and carry out independent fermentative production, the bacterial concentration after fermentation is greater than 10,000,000,000/mL;
Adopt the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb kind of the bacterium liquid of four after above-mentioned fermentation respectively, stir, dry, obtain four kinds of single microbial inoculums: yeast microbial inoculum, aspergillus oryzae microbial inoculum, subtilis, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum;
Then the single microbial inoculum after above-mentioned four kinds of absorption is carried out mixture by following weight part: yeast microbial inoculum 0.5 ~ 1 part, aspergillus oryzae microbial inoculum 1.5 ~ 2 parts, bacillus subtilis microbial agent 4 ~ 6 parts, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum 2.5 ~ 3 parts; Organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is obtained, final organism of fermentation bacteria suspension concentration >=2,000,000,000/g after mixing, pulverizing.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the preparation of described functional microbial microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: the mother of fixed nitrogen series bacillus (Paenibacillus azotofixans), bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacullus mucilaginosus) planted respectively and carry out shaking flask liquid culture;
Then above-mentioned three kinds of liquid mother being planted respectively is inoculated in fermenter equipment, and carry out independent fermentative production, the bacterial concentration after fermentation is greater than 20,000,000,000/mL;
Adopt the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb kind of the bacterium liquid of three after above-mentioned fermentation respectively, stir, dry, obtain three kinds of single microbial inoculums: fixed nitrogen series bacillus microbial inoculum, bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering microbial inoculum;
Then the single microbial inoculum after above-mentioned three kinds of absorption is carried out mixture by following weight part: fixed nitrogen series bacillus microbial inoculum 4 ~ 5 parts, bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum 3 ~ 4 parts, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering microbial inoculum 2 ~ 3 parts; Functional microbial microbial inoculum is obtained, functional microbial bacteria suspension concentration >=5,000,000,000/g after mixing, pulverizing.
Organism of fermentation microbial inoculum in the present invention and the production of functional microorganism microbial inoculum are all adopt first shaking flask single culture, after obtaining certain density liquid mother kind, transfer to enlarged culturing in fermenter equipment again, after reaching finite concentration, dry after again mother liquor being adsorbed by sorbent material (mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder), make the microbial inoculum of solid.Making step is as follows:
Table 1 substratum main component
The each microbial growth condition of table 2
| Microbiobacterial agent title | Substratum | Culture temperature | Aerobic situation | Light requirement situation | Bacterial classification working concentration |
| Subtilis | JYM01 | 35～37℃ | Aerobic, aerated culture | Detest light, lucifuge is cultivated | 10000000000/mL |
| Bacillus cereus | JYM01 | 30～32℃ | Aerobic, aerated culture | Detest light, lucifuge is cultivated | 10000000000/mL |
| Yeast | JYM02 | 25～28℃ | Aerobic, aerated culture | Detest light, lucifuge is cultivated | 10000000000/mL |
| Aspergillus oryzae | JYM03 | 25～28℃ | Aerobic, aerated culture | Detest light, lucifuge is cultivated | 10000000000/mL |
| Bacillus megaterium | JYM04 | 28～30℃ | Aerobic, aerated culture | Detest light, lucifuge is cultivated | 20000000000/mL |
| Fixed nitrogen series bacillus | JYM05 | 28～30℃ | Aerobic, aerated culture | Detest light, lucifuge is cultivated | 20000000000/mL |
| Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering | JYM06 | 28～30℃ | Aerobic, aerated culture | Detest light, lucifuge is cultivated | 20000000000/mL |
Configure substratum by described in table 1, and be sub-packed in 1000mL triangular flask, every bottled amount 200 ~ 300mL, with silica gel plug sealing, to be placed in high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C.Take out cooling, respectively different microorganisms mother is planted in aseptic Bechtop and be inoculated in corresponding substratum.By described in table 2, bacterial classification shaking table under corresponding culture condition is cultivated (rotating speed 120rpm) 2 ~ 4d, obtain cultured liquid mother and plant.By configuring a large amount of liquid nutrient mediums described in table 1; being sub-packed in special bacterial classification produces in fermentor tank; liquid amount is 70%; lid mouth sealing sterilizing (maintaining 20min at sterilising conditions 121 DEG C); (utilize the provide protection of flame; manufacture aseptic technique space, liquid mother planted and is inoculated in fermentor tank) cooling.By the culture condition described in table 2, each controling parameters of adjustment fermentor tank, reaches the culture condition of different strain, spawn culture 4 ~ 10d.Being cultivated by the culture dish coating of bacterium liquid, measure the growth concentration of bacterial classification in fermentor tank, when reaching after by the bacterial classification working concentration described in table 2, stopping the fermentor liquid of bacterial classification to cultivate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the weight ratio of described oily chaff and rice straw powder is 1:1 ~ 1.5, when adopting the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb respectively bacterium liquid, bacterium liquid: mixture=1L:2 ~ 4kg, moisture content≤10% of said mixture material, fineness is 60 ~ 80 orders.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the concrete operations of described pile fermentation are: build heap fermentation by carrying out in material transfer to warm canopy fermenter, the aerobic automatic temperature-controlled throwing fermentation technique that turns over of sun power is adopted to ferment, build heap and be positioned at plastic warm canopy, utilize the heat-insulating property of the heat effect of sun power and warm canopy, improve the temperature in warm canopy, accelerate material fermentation.After building heap fermentation ends, be transferred to by material in Secondary Fermentation ageing field, carry out banking up ageing, material moisture, through high temperature evaporation effect, is down to 30% by material.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, the starting moisture of described pile fermentation controls 42% ~ 45% (adopting halogen soil moisture measure to detect material moisture); Described ageing of banking up adopts the process of not turning mode, and the high 1 ~ 1.5m of bank, length and width are not limit.Because moisture content of material is also higher, through Secondary Fermentation, allow material pass through the high-temperature self transpiring moisture produced that ferments, after material moisture is down to 30%, material is transferred in finished product packing workshop.The Secondary Fermentation time is influenced by ambient temperature, and envrionment temperature is high, and moisture evaporation is fast, and the time is then short, otherwise then long.The Secondary Fermentation time is generally 20 ~ 30 days.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, described in build heap fermentation stack height of building be 0.8 ~ 1.2m, width 4 ~ 5m, length is not limit.Laying temperature survey meter in temperature canopy fermenter, according to bank temperature rising situation, automatically carries out turning over throwing and aeration operation, increases oxygen supply and promote moisture evaporation, accelerating material and become thoroughly decomposed.Automatic turning after temperature rises to 60 DEG C also carries out aeration operation, and on average turning in every 3 ~ 4 days once, altogether turning 6 ~ 7 times, fermentation period about 25 days.Material gradually becomes Vandyke brown by tawny, and smell is by gradually becoming slightly corrupt bilgy odour with tobacco flavor, now material fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed.
As a total inventive concept, present invention also offers a kind of above-mentioned biological activity organic medical fertilizer in the application in suppressing native transmissibility insect pest to occur.
Biological activity organic medical fertilizer of the present invention performs NY884-2012 " biological organic fertilizer " quality standard.
The present invention, by excellent harmless organic matter, mixes with desinsection anthelmintic substance, after composite bacteria fermentation, then mixes with functional microbial, makes biological activity organic medical fertilizer.Bio-feritlizer and organic fertilizer unite two into one by it, do not destroy any beneficiating ingredient, do not produce any objectionable impurities, can also suppress the generation of disease and pest simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) to foster and apply fertilizer and activating soil: the organic nitrogen and the organic source potassium element that are rich in high-content, organic content is high, there is high-efficiency activated soil function microorganism, Soil structure and physicochemical character can be improved, increase permeability, strengthen preserve moisture and fertility ability, transform fixing phosphorus, potassium nutrition, nitrogen in fixed air, makes soil fertile gradually.
(2) suppress disease and pest, strengthen resistance.Desinsection expelling parasite biomass nicotine composition containing trace, effectively can suppress the generation of native transmissibility insect pest.Functional microbial microbial inoculum forms dominant microflora around root system, suppresses the breeding of pathogenic micro-organism, reduces disease and occurs.Be rich in organic source potassium element, be conducive to roots of plants, Stem nematode, prevent lodging, strengthen the resistance ability of crop.
(3) improve quality, improve mouthfeel.The present invention is pure fertilizer, can effectively reduce agricultural-food nitrate content, increases reducing sugar and Vitamin C content, increases the carbohydrate content of unit fresh weight.
(4) pollution is reduced, protection of the environment.Free from extraneous odour of the present invention, not containing inorganic nutrients or chemical industry additive, effectively can alleviate because of problems such as long-term a large amount of soil pollutions using chemical fertilizer to bring, be specially adapted to green or Organic farming.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, hereafter will do to describe more comprehensively, meticulously to the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following specific embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, hereinafter used all technical terms are identical with the implication that those skilled in the art understand usually.The object of technical term used herein just in order to describe specific embodiment is not be intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the various starting material, reagent, instrument and equipment etc. used in the present invention are all bought by market and are obtained or prepare by existing method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of biological activity organic medical fertilizer of the present invention, the total nutrient of this organic medical fertilizer is 12%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass ratio of O is 5:1:6, and living bacteria count is 0.6 hundred million/g, and organic matter is 65%, and moisture is 30%, fineness is 40 orders, and nicotine content is 0.25%, pH is 6.5, do not add inorganic states nutrient or chemical industry additive, material is not containing fecal coliform and roundworm egg, and the biological activity quality guaranteed period is 6 months.
Prepare the method for above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer medicine, comprise the following steps: by configuring different fermentations microbiobacterial agent substratum described in upper table 1 respectively, and be sub-packed in 1000mL triangular flask, every bottled amount 300mL, seal with silica gel plug, to be placed in high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C, it is for subsequent use to take out cooling.Be inoculated into respectively in corresponding substratum in aseptic Bechtop, build bottle cap.By described in table 2 by bacterial classification under corresponding culture condition, shaking table cultivate (rotating speed 120rpm) cultivate 4d, obtain cultured liquid mother plant.And then by configuring a large amount of liquid nutrient mediums described in table 1, be sub-packed in special bacterial classification and produce in fermentor tank, liquid amount is 70%, lid mouth sealing sterilizing (maintaining 20min at sterilising conditions 121 DEG C), cooling.Utilize the provide protection of flame, manufacture aseptic technique space, liquid mother is planted and is inoculated in fermentor tank.By the culture condition described in table 2, each controling parameters of adjustment fermentor tank, reaches the culture condition of different strain, spawn culture 10d.
Being cultivated by the culture dish coating of bacterium liquid, measure the growth concentration of bacterial classification in fermentor tank, when reaching after by the bacterial classification working concentration described in upper table 2, stopping the fermentor liquid of bacterial classification to cultivate.Bacterium liquid adopts oily chaff respectively: the mixture of rice straw powder=1:1 adsorbs, bacterium liquid (L): compound (kg)=1:2.5 adsorbs.Stir, dry under room temperature, moisture≤30%, for subsequent use.
By four kinds that the prepare single cultures that ferment by bacterial classification weight mixture: yeast 1kg, aspergillus oryzae 3kg, subtilis 8kg, bacillus cereus 5kg.Mixing, pulverizing, final organism of fermentation bacteria suspension concentration >=2,000,000,000/g.
By three kinds of function singleness bacterial classifications preparing by bacterial classification weight mixture: fixed nitrogen series bacillus 8kg part, bacillus megaterium 6kg part, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 4kg part.Mixing, pulverizing, final functional microorganism bacteria suspension concentration >=5,000,000,000/g.
Offal, sesame seed meal, dish dregs of rice raw material are carried out pulverization process, by each proportioning raw materials: offal 500kg, sesame seed meal 320kg, dish dregs of rice 160kg, organism of fermentation microbial inoculum 15kg, adds respectively in material agitator, adds clear water while stirring, adopt halogen soil moisture measure to detect material moisture, the starting moisture of fermentation materials is controlled in 42% ~ 45% scope.After stirring, undertaken building heap cloth by material transfer to warm canopy fermenter.Build stack height 0.8m, width 5m, length is not limit, and builds heap and is positioned at warm canopy indoor.Adopt aerobic turning to ferment, automatic turning after temperature rises to 60 DEG C also carries out aeration operation, and on average turning in about every 3 days once, altogether turning 6 times, fermentation period about 25 days.Material gradually becomes Vandyke brown by tawny, and smell is by gradually becoming slightly corrupt bilgy odour with tobacco flavor, now material fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed.After material slot type fermentation ends, material is transferred in ageing field, carries out Secondary Fermentation (also known as ageing).Secondary Fermentation adopts the process of not turning mode, and bank height 1.5m, length and width are not limit.Because moisture content of material is also higher, through Secondary Fermentation, allow material pass through the high-temperature self transpiring moisture produced that ferments, after material moisture is down to 30%, material is transferred in finished product packing workshop.The Secondary Fermentation time is influenced by ambient temperature, and envrionment temperature is high, and moisture evaporation is fast, and the time is then short, otherwise then long.The Secondary Fermentation time is generally 20 ~ 30 days.The material that Secondary Fermentation terminates, be transported in packing shop stirrer, by weight ratio: fermentation maturity material (after Secondary Fermentation) 980kg, functional microbial microbial inoculum 10kg, add respectively in stirrer mix, pulverize, be sieved into Powdered, packaging final prod.
Illustrate the service condition of the present invention in Lettuce plot experiment below:
Test site
Place: Yueyang
Test materials
Fertilizer variety: the biological activity organic medical fertilizer of the present embodiment, Common compound fertilizer (15-15-15), local farm manure (cow dung).
Cotton variety: Lettuce (Shouguang, Shandong heat resistanceheat resistant cold-resistant variety)
Test design
Process 1: local farm manure (cow dung, total nutrient >=5%)
Process 2: the biological activity organic medical fertilizer (total nutrient is 12%) of the present embodiment
Process 3: Common compound fertilizer (15-15-15, total nutrient >=45%)
Lettuce adopts unified nursery, and nursery adopts unified fertilising, and unified production measure, transplants when seedling grows to 7-8cm height.Design 3 process after transplanting, each process cultivated area is designed to 320m
2, planting density is 12 × 15 strains/cm
2.Each process is except fertilizer variety difference, and other production measures are consistent.
With 320m
2it is standard that cultivated area sails total nutrient 24kg into, ensures the fertilizer applying equal total nutrient, obtains corresponding concrete rate of fertilizer application through each fertilizer nutrient content conversion.As following table 3.
Fertilizer unification is used in base manure mode, digs strip groove at transplanted seedling annex, earthing after fertilising.Transplant latter 45th day, unification is gathered, and surveys and produces, and analytical unit fresh amount inclusion quality, reducing sugar amount, organic quality.
Results and analysis:
Table 3 rate of fertilizer application, output, quality preservation
From test-results, on the basis of equal fertilising total nutrient amount, common compound ultimate production is the highest, and be secondly biological organic fertilizer, farm manure is minimum.But in each index of quality measuring Lettuce, each quality parameter of Common compound fertilizer is all lower than biological organic fertilizer and farm manure.
In unit fresh weight intension substances content, reducing sugar content 2 indexs, biological organic fertilizer process is a little more than farm manure process.And in unit fresh weight organic content index, farm manure process is a little more than biological organic fertilizer process.In three large quality Index for examinations, biological organic fertilizer process and farm manure process phase difference are not too large, larger with Common compound fertilizer process phase difference.Illustrate and use the quality that biological organic fertilizer process can significantly improve Lettuce, substantially can be equal to applications of farmyard manure effect.And in output, using biological organic fertilizer output will much larger than applications of farmyard manure output.
The biological activity organic medical fertilizer of the present embodiment application in suppressing native transmissibility insect pest to occur: a situation arises analyzes for disease and pest: from disease and pest statistical conditions (table 4), 3 fertilizer treatment diseases occur without too large disease substantially, only in applications of farmyard manure process, occur 1 frosting mildew, occurring area is little.In disease and pest occurs, black cutworm occurs comparatively frequent, and 2,1 black cutworm insect pests occur respectively for applications of farmyard manure and Common compound fertilizer process.In addition, applications of farmyard manure also there occurs 1 finger lettuce pipe aphid insect damage.And use organic medical fertilizer insect pest does not occur.This is probably that nicotine has stronger desinsection anthelmintic action, can in the generation to a certain degree preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect containing micro-nicotine material in organic medical fertilizer.
Table 4 disease and pest a situation arises cartogram
Draw from test-results, organic medical fertilizer is a kind of environmental protection, can effective fertilizing soil; improve Soil structure, improve crop quality and mouthfeel, reduce fertilizer and pesticide amount of application; many-sided effect such as protection of the environment is a kind of efficient organic medical fertilizer of high-quality, is applicable to green or Organic farming production.
Embodiment 2
A kind of biological activity organic medical fertilizer of the present invention, the total nutrient of this organic medical fertilizer is 15%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass ratio of O is 5:1:6, and living bacteria count is 100,000,000/g, and organic matter is 75%, and moisture is 25%, fineness is 20 orders, and nicotine content is 0.25%, pH is 6.5, do not add inorganic states nutrient or chemical industry additive, material is not containing fecal coliform and roundworm egg, and the biological activity quality guaranteed period is 6 months.
Prepare the method for above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer medicine, comprise the following steps: by configuring different fermentations microbiobacterial agent substratum described in upper table 1 respectively, and be sub-packed in 1000mL triangular flask, every bottled amount 200mL, seal with silica gel plug, to be placed in high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C, it is for subsequent use to take out cooling.Be inoculated into respectively in corresponding substratum in aseptic Bechtop, build bottle cap.By described in upper table 2 by bacterial classification under corresponding culture condition, shaking table cultivate (rotating speed 120rpm) cultivate 3d, obtain cultured liquid mother plant.And then by configuring a large amount of liquid nutrient mediums described in table 1, be sub-packed in special bacterial classification and produce in fermentor tank, liquid amount is 70%, lid mouth sealing sterilizing (maintaining 20min at sterilising conditions 121 DEG C), cooling.Utilize the provide protection of flame, manufacture aseptic technique space, liquid mother is planted and is inoculated in fermentor tank.By the culture condition described in table 2, each controling parameters of adjustment fermentor tank, reaches the culture condition of different strain, spawn culture 6d.
Being cultivated by the culture dish coating of bacterium liquid, measure the growth concentration of bacterial classification in fermentor tank, when reaching after by the bacterial classification working concentration described in table 2, stopping the fermentor liquid of bacterial classification to cultivate.Bacterium liquid adopts oily chaff respectively: the mixture of rice straw powder=1:1.5 adsorbs, bacterium liquid (L): compound (kg)=1:3.5 adsorbs.Stir, dry under room temperature, moisture≤30%, for subsequent use.
By four kinds that the prepare single cultures that ferment by bacterial classification weight mixture: yeast 2kg, aspergillus oryzae 4kg, subtilis 12kg, bacillus cereus 6kg.Mixing, pulverizing, final organism of fermentation bacteria suspension concentration >=3,000,000,000/g.
By three kinds of function singleness bacterial classifications preparing by bacterial classification weight mixture: fixed nitrogen series bacillus 10kg, bacillus megaterium 8kg, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 6kg.Mixing, pulverizing, final functional microorganism bacteria suspension concentration >=6,000,000,000/g.
Offal, sesame seed meal, dish dregs of rice raw material are carried out pulverization process, by each proportioning raw materials: offal 500kg, sesame seed meal 320kg part, dish dregs of rice 180kg part, organism of fermentation microbial inoculum 15kg, adds respectively in material agitator, adds clear water while stirring, adopt halogen soil moisture measure to detect material moisture, the starting moisture of fermentation materials is controlled 42% ~ 45%.After stirring, undertaken building heap cloth by material transfer to warm canopy fermenter.Build stack height 1.2m, width 5m, length is not limit, and builds heap and is positioned at warm canopy indoor.Adopt aerobic turning to ferment, automatic turning after temperature rises to 60 DEG C also carries out aeration operation, and on average turning in about every 4 days once, altogether turning 7 times, fermentation period about 25 days.Material gradually becomes Vandyke brown by tawny, and smell is by gradually becoming slightly corrupt bilgy odour with tobacco flavor, now material fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed.After material slot type fermentation ends, material is transferred in ageing field, carries out Secondary Fermentation (also known as ageing).Secondary Fermentation adopts the process of not turning mode, and bank height 1.5m, length and width are not limit.Because moisture content of material is also higher, through Secondary Fermentation, allow material pass through the high-temperature self transpiring moisture produced that ferments, after material moisture is down to 30%, material is transferred in finished product packing workshop.The Secondary Fermentation time is influenced by ambient temperature, and envrionment temperature is high, and moisture evaporation is fast, and the time is then short, otherwise then long.The Secondary Fermentation time is generally 20 ~ 30 days.The material that Secondary Fermentation terminates, be transported in packing shop stirrer, by weight ratio: fermentation maturity material (after Secondary Fermentation) 990kg, functional microbial microbial inoculum 15kg, add respectively in stirrer mix, pulverize, be sieved into Powdered, packaging final prod.
Illustrate the service condition of the present embodiment in Plantula Brassicae chinensis plot experiment below:
Test site
Place: Yueyang
Test materials
Fertilizer variety: the biological activity organic medical fertilizer of the present embodiment, Common compound fertilizer (15-15-15), local farm manure (cow dung).
Experimental cultivar: Plantula Brassicae chinensis
Test design
Process 1: the biological activity organic medical fertilizer (total nutrient is 15%) of the present embodiment
Process 2: local farm manure (cow dung, total nutrient >=5%)
Process 3: Common compound fertilizer (15-15-15, total nutrient >=45%)
Process 4: not fertilizer treatment
Plantula Brassicae chinensis adopts unified nursery, and nursery adopts unified fertilising, and unified production measure, transplants when seedling grows to 7-8cm height.Design 4 process after transplanting, repeat for 3 times, and each process cultivated area is designed to 320m
2, planting density is 12 × 15 strains/cm
2.Process 1, process 2, process 3 are with every 320m
2it is standard that cultivated area applies total nutrient 24kg, ensures the fertilizer applying equal total nutrient.Each process is except measures of fertilizer difference, and other production measures are consistent.Fertilizer unification is used in base manure mode, digs strip groove at transplanted seedling annex, earthing after fertilising.Transplant latter 45th day, unification is gathered, and surveys and produces, and analytical unit fresh amount inclusion quality, reducing sugar amount, organic quality.
Table 5 respectively processes rate of fertilizer application (kg)
Results and analysis:
Table 6 Major Economic table
| Process | The number of blade (sheet) | Plant height (cm) | Weight per plant (g) |
| 1 | 11.07 | 42.73 | 41.33 |
| 2 | 9.9 | 39.1 | 37.4 |
| 3 | 9.67 | 38.7 | 37.23 |
| 4 | 8.13 | 31.63 | 28.73 |
As shown in table 6, Plantula Brassicae chinensis uses process 1 number of blade of biological activity organic medical fertilizer, plant height, Weight per plant increase by 1.17,3.63cm, 3.93g respectively than process 2; 1.4,4.03cm, 4.1g is increased respectively than process 3.
Table 7 output statistics questionnaire
Table 8 different treatment is on the impact of Plantula Brassicae chinensis economic benefit
As shown in table 7, the process ratio that Plantula Brassicae chinensis uses biological activity organic medical fertilizer uses matrix treatments volume increase 69.07kg/ mu, and stimulation ratio is 5.01%, and than using chemical fertilizer volume increase 78.87kg/ mu, increment rate is 5.76%.
As shown in table 8, the process mean yield that Plantula Brassicae chinensis uses biological activity organic medical fertilizer is 1448.3kg/ mu, increases production 69.07kg/ mu than process 2, increases net return 138.14 yuan/mu; Than process 3 on average volume increase 78.87kg/ mu, increase net return 119.19 yuan/mu, economic benefit is obvious.
The biological activity organic medical fertilizer of the present embodiment application in suppressing native transmissibility insect pest to occur: a situation arises analyzes for disease and pest: from disease and pest statistical conditions (table 9).In disease and pest occurs, insect pest aspect, there is 1,2 black cutworm insect pest respectively in applications of farmyard manure and Common compound fertilizer process; Disease aspect, applications of farmyard manure process there occurs 2 cabbage clubroot evils.And use bioorganic pesticide fertilizer insect pest does not occur.This is probably that nicotine has stronger desinsection anthelmintic action, can in the generation to a certain degree preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect containing micro-nicotine material in organic medical fertilizer.
Table 9 disease and pest a situation arises cartogram
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for biological activity organic medical fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Offal, grouts are pulverized, by following proportioning raw materials:
Offal 40 ~ 60 weight part;
Grouts 45 ~ 55 weight part;
Organism of fermentation microbial inoculum 1 ~ 2 weight part;
Above-mentioned raw materials is added in material agitator, during stirring, add water, after stirring, material is carried out pile fermentation, obtain fermentation maturity material;
Then 98 ~ 99 weight part fermentation maturity materials and 1 ~ 2 weight part functional microbial microbial inoculum added mixing in above-mentioned stirrer, pulverize, be sieved into Powdered, packaging final prod;
The preparation of described organism of fermentation microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
Respectively by yeast (
saccharomyces sp.), aspergillus oryzae (
aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cohn), subtilis (
bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg1835) Cohn1872), bacillus cereus (
bacillus cereus Franklandand Frankland 1887) mother plant carry out shaking flask liquid culture; Then above-mentioned four kinds of liquid mother being planted respectively is inoculated in fermenter equipment, and carry out independent fermentative production, the bacterial concentration after fermentation is greater than 10,000,000,000/mL; Adopt the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb kind of the bacterium liquid of four after above-mentioned fermentation respectively, stir, dry, obtain four kinds of single microbial inoculums: yeast microbial inoculum, aspergillus oryzae microbial inoculum, bacillus subtilis microbial agent, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum; Then the single microbial inoculum after above-mentioned four kinds of absorption is carried out mixture by following weight part: yeast microbial inoculum 0.5 ~ 1 part, aspergillus oryzae microbial inoculum 1.5 ~ 2 parts, bacillus subtilis microbial agent 4 ~ 6 parts, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum 2.5 ~ 3 parts; Organism of fermentation microbial inoculum is obtained, final organism of fermentation bacteria suspension concentration>=2,000,000,000/g after mixing, pulverizing;
The preparation of described functional microbial microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
Respectively by fixed nitrogen series bacillus (
paenibacillus azotofixans), bacillus megaterium (
bacillus megaterium), bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (
bacullus mucilaginosus) mother plant carry out shaking flask liquid culture; Then above-mentioned three kinds of liquid mother being planted respectively is inoculated in fermenter equipment, and carry out independent fermentative production, the bacterial concentration after fermentation is greater than 20,000,000,000/mL; Adopt the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb kind of the bacterium liquid of three after above-mentioned fermentation respectively, stir, dry, obtain three kinds of single microbial inoculums: fixed nitrogen series bacillus microbial inoculum, bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering microbial inoculum; Then the single microbial inoculum after above-mentioned three kinds of absorption is carried out mixture by following weight part: fixed nitrogen series bacillus microbial inoculum 4 ~ 5 parts, bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum 3 ~ 4 parts, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering microbial inoculum 2 ~ 3 parts; Functional microbial microbial inoculum is obtained, final functional microbial bacteria suspension concentration>=5,000,000,000/g after mixing, pulverizing.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grouts are sesame seed meal and the dish dregs of rice, and wherein sesame seed meal is 30 ~ 35 weight parts, and the dish dregs of rice are 15 ~ 20 weight parts.
3. the preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described oily chaff and rice straw powder is 1:1 ~ 1.5, when adopting the mixture of oily chaff and rice straw powder to adsorb respectively bacterium liquid, bacterium liquid: mixture=1L:2 ~ 4kg, moisture content≤10% of said mixture material, fineness is 60 ~ 80 orders.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of described pile fermentation are: build heap fermentation by carrying out in material transfer to warm canopy fermenter, adopt the aerobic automatic temperature-controlled throwing zymotechnique that turns over of sun power to ferment, build heap and be positioned at plastic warm canopy, after building heap fermentation ends, material is transferred in Secondary Fermentation ageing field, carry out banking up ageing, material moisture, through Evaporation, is down to 30% by material.
5. preparation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the starting moisture of described pile fermentation controls 42% ~ 45%; Described ageing of banking up adopts the process of not turning mode, the high 1 ~ 1.5m of bank.
6. preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described stack height of building building heap fermentation is 0.8 ~ 1.2m, width 4 ~ 5m, laying temperature survey meter in temperature canopy fermenter, automatic turning after temperature rises to 60 DEG C also carries out aeration operation, and on average turning in every 3 ~ 4 days once, altogether turning 6 ~ 7 times.
7. the biological activity organic medical fertilizer that preparation method obtains according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6, it is characterized in that, the total nutrient of described biological activity organic medical fertilizer is 12% ~ 15%, the mass ratio of N, P2O5, K2O is 3 ~ 6:0 ~ 2:5 ~ 7, and living bacteria count is 0.5 hundred million/g ~ 100,000,000/g, and organic matter is 60% ~ 75%, moisture≤30%, fineness is 20 ~ 40 orders, and nicotine content is 0.2 ~ 0.3%, pH is 6.0 ~ 7.0.
8. a biological activity organic medical fertilizer as described in claim 7 or preparation method obtains according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6 the application of biological activity organic medical fertilizer in suppressing native transmissibility insect pest to occur.
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