CN107641033A - The one rich potassium cake fertilizer to grow tobacco - Google Patents
The one rich potassium cake fertilizer to grow tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN107641033A CN107641033A CN201711073795.9A CN201711073795A CN107641033A CN 107641033 A CN107641033 A CN 107641033A CN 201711073795 A CN201711073795 A CN 201711073795A CN 107641033 A CN107641033 A CN 107641033A
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Abstract
The disclosed by the invention one rich potassium cake fertilizer to grow tobacco, is related to organic fertilizer field, its is raw materials used including offal, dregs of rapeseed cake, sesame cake meal, decomposing agent and Flavor enhancement bacterial agent；Its preparation process is as follows：(i), pretreatment of raw material：(1), offal pre-processes；(2), grouts pre-process；(3), decomposing agent pre-processes；(4), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent pre-processes；(ii), high temperature just ferments：(1), offal inoculation is handled；(2), first fermented pretreatment；(3), the first fermentation processes of high temperature；(iii), mixing recurrence ferment：(1), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is handled again；(2), multiple fermentation material mixing；(3), stacking inoculation；(4), turning is loose；(5), multiple fermented pretreatment；(6), multiple fermentation processes：1., temperature detection setting；2., fermentation temperature control；3., course of fermentation grasp；(iv), finished product.With not only contain abundant amino acid but also containing higher biological potassium, flue-cured tobacco interior quality and flavor matter content can be improved, suitable for tobacco planting in all parts of the country.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic fertilizer field, particularly a kind of rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco rich in biological potassium.
Background technology
Cake fertilizer has not as a kind of high-quality exogenous organic matter material to improving flue-cured tobacco interior quality and flavor matter content
Alternative effect, cake fertilizer finished product is substantially in process of manufacture on the market takes nature pile fermentation, due to fermentation
Time is long, decomposed uneven, not thoroughly, causes that the available nutrients such as amino acid in cake fertilizer, organic acid are low, fertilizer efficiency is poor.Meanwhile tobacco
To like potassium crop, potassium (K need to be absorbed by often producing 1 ton of flue-cured tobacco2O) 4.6-7.34 tons, it is 2 times of absorption of nitrogen.Annual vega need to be applied
Meets the needs of flue-cured tobacco is to potassium nutrition with Chemical Potassiums such as substantial amounts of potassium sulfates, potassium sulfate cost is high, and largely makes for a long time
Enrichment after due to SO42- in soil, cause to produce harmful effect to soil texture and quality of tobacco.
Chinese patent (number of patent application 201210099093.9) is disclosed, and " active biological organic-inorganic that grows tobacco is special
With fertilizer and preparation method thereof ", it is to choose functional microbial strain to add rapeseed meal 50-70%, sesame seed meal 20- by weight percentage
Crude protein after 40%, dregs of beans 10-20% mixing in solid fermentation enzymolysis grouts forms it into the free ammonia with bioactivity
The biofermentation cake fertilizer of base acid and active small peptide, then with being prepared into a kind of cigarette after activating agent and the uniform mixture chelating of inorganic fertilizer
Careless active biological organic-inorganic special fertilizer, its each raw materials by weight example are：Activating agent 8-12%, biofermentation cake fertilizer
20-30%, inorganic fertilizer 55-75%.The invention is using organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer is combined, nitrate nitrogen is combined with ammonium nitrogen
Method, and add using rapeseed meal, sesame seed meal, soya-bean cake as the biofermentation cake fertilizer of carrier, the one kind being formulated with activating agent etc. is high
Imitate active fertilizer.The fertilizer has high nutrient, high activity, efficient feature, can improve cigarette strain rhizospheric environment, and enhancing root system is lived
Power, promote blade to carry out, and fully meet cigarette strain and develop requirement to mineral nutrition, cigarette strain yield and tobacco leaf can be significantly improved
Quality, reduce environmental pollution, improved soil.
Another Chinese patent (number of patent application 201110410604.X) disclosed " a kind of fermented rape cake, and its preparation
Methods and applications ", it is the chemical combination that macromolecular compound in cake fertilizer is changed into small molecule by soya-bean cake after microorganism fungus kind is fermented
Thing, nitrogen is converted into amino acid in protein, nitrogen in cake fertilizer is discharged in advance, and the release rule and tobacco for causing nitrogen inhale nitrogen rule
Match, and microorganism produces protease, fermentation materials are placed in water, protease is by soya-bean cake during growth
Protein be converted into amino acid or the nitrogen-containing compound of small molecule, plant can directly absorb amino acid, or small molecule is nitrogenous
Compound is easily converted into the nitrogen of plant available in soil.Therefore the invention can reach the purpose for improving quality of tobacco, together
When have increase biological activity of soil, improve soil texture, the action effect increase soil fertility.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of suitable tobacco planting to use, not only containing abundant amino acid but also containing higher
Biological potassium, the organic fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco interior quality and flavor matter content can be improved.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is to invent a rich potassium cake fertilizer to grow tobacco,
Its is raw materials used including offal (the redrying waste material offal of Redrying Factory), dregs of rapeseed cake, sesame cake meal, decomposing agent and Flavor enhancement bacterial agent；
Its preparation process is as follows：
(i), pretreatment of raw material：
(1), offal pre-processes：
Offal is first crushed to broken wall degree, then offal weight 0.75-1.25% urea will be accounted for after the dissolving of a small amount of water
Add, stir, it is 45-55% then to adjust its moisture, turns into processing offal, standby；
(2), grouts pre-process：
First by dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal according to (70-80)：The percentage by weight of (20-30) is well mixed, then is adjusted
Its moisture is 40-50%, turns into processing grouts, standby；
(3), decomposing agent pre-processes：
The decomposing agent for accounting for offal weight 0.25-0.75 ‰ and the dregs of rapeseed cake for accounting for offal weight 0.75-1.25% is abundant
Stir, turn into processing decomposing agent, it is standby；
(4), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent pre-processes：
The Flavor enhancement bacterial agent for the 1.5-2.5 ‰ for accounting for grouts and offal gross weight is soaked in 3-5 times of weight, 30-40 DEG C of temperature
In water, 2-3 hours are soaked, stirs, turns into processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；
(ii), high temperature just ferments：
(1), offal inoculation is handled：
Processing decomposing agent is mixed with processing offal, stirs, is deposited in naturally in fermentation vat, the high 1.2-1.4m of heap,
Offal heap is handled as inoculation, it is standby；
(2), first fermented pretreatment：It is covered each by handling offal heap in inoculation with the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability
On, prevent from being exposed to the sun, wind, drench with rain；
(3), the first fermentation processes of high temperature：
Inoculation processing offal heap after inoculation from heap temperature rise to 50 DEG C, after often continuing 3 days turning once, class according to this
Push away, ensure the abundant fermentation maturity of offal；If occurring moisture reduction during turning, it is 53-57% that water should be added, which to adjust its moisture,；
(turning more than 6 times is generally needed during heap temperature continuous decrease to normal temperature), that is, completes high temperature and just ferments, and turns into just fermentation offal, it is standby
With；
(iii), mixing recurrence ferment：
(1), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is handled again：Processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is blended into account for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal gross weight 5-15%,
In 30-40 DEG C of warm water, stir, turn into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；
(2), multiple fermentation material mixing：
Grouts will be handled and the offal that just ferments is according to (70-80)：The percentage by weight mixing of (30-20), stirs, into
Fermentate is treated for rich potassium cake fertilizer, it is standby；
(3), stacking inoculation：Rich potassium cake fertilizer is treated that fermentate is laid in fermentation vat by 8-12cm thickness, then equably
Multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent (ensureing that rich potassium cake fertilizer treats that fermentate is well mixed with processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent again) is spilled into, then is tiled above
One layer is treated fermentate, then is equably spilled into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, and such stacked in multi-layers turns at inoculation to the high 60-70cm of heap
Heap is managed, it is standby；
(4), turning is loose：Inoculation processing heap turning machine stirring is turned over even, piles the high loose heaps of 60-70cm again, it is standby
With；
(5), multiple fermented pretreatment：It is covered in the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability on loose heap, prevents from being exposed to the sun, wind
Blow, drench with rain；
(6), multiple fermentation processes：
1., temperature detection setting：Loose heap after inoculation, a temperature is surveyed every 4 hours, it is per ton to be no less than 3 temperature
Spend monitoring point；
2., fermentation temperature control：During the fermentation, control temperature is at 38-48 DEG C for loose heap after inoculation；When warm in heap
When degree reaches 48-50 DEG C, by the way of heap height or turning is reduced, it is allowed to radiate in time；
3., course of fermentation grasp：From temperature is increased to 35 DEG C, fermentate is sampled daily, hair is grasped with this
Ferment progress, when amino acid content reaches high point and flex point occurs, multiple fermentation ends are (according to feedstock property and yeasting bar
Part, generally, multiple fermentation time are 14-20 days), rich potassium cake fermentation thing is become, it is standby；
(iv), finished product：
After multiple fermentation ends, rich potassium cake fermentation thing naturally dry when moisture is down to below 30%, crushed
20 mesh sieves, metering packing, become the rich potassium cake fertilizer finished product of tobacco.
The percentage by weight of the dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal is 70：30.
The percentage by weight of the dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal is 80：20.
The percentage by weight of the dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal is 75：25.
The percentage by weight of the processing grouts and the offal that just ferments is 20：80.
The percentage by weight of the processing grouts and the offal that just ferments is 30：70.
The percentage by weight of the processing grouts and the offal that just ferments is 25：75.
The specification of the fermentation vat is：Length and width, deep respectively 32m, 3.6m, 1.5m.
The turning uses two-way automatic stack turning machine, and its turning speed turns over even 57.6m to be per minute3Fermentate.
The method of the amino acid content detection detects for formaldehyde method.
Described Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is to produce " Flavor enhancement bacterial agent (oil cake is special) " by Henan Bao Rong bio tech ltd,
Its trade mark is " treasured melts ", and the Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is by colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), lichens gemma bar
Bacterium (Bacillus licheniformis), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Trichoderma viride (Green
) etc. trichoderma 15 kinds of strains are combined.
Described decomposing agent is produced " the efficient decomposing agents of BM " by Henan Bao Rong bio tech ltd, and its trade mark is
" treasured melts ", the decomposing agent is mainly by bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus
Licheniformis), three kinds of dominant bacterias such as aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) and other biology enzymes composition.
Tobacco redrying enterprise will all produce large number of tobacco redrying waste material --- offal every year, and according to detection, offal contains
Potassium amount is higher, is valuable biological clamps raw material, and the offal by fermentation process is improved with good as fertilizer to flue-cured tobacco yield and quality
Good facilitation effect.If offal and cake fertilizer are carried out into fermentation process, the organic fertilizer rich in biological clamps is made, has both solved redrying enterprise
The waste disposal problem of industry, the potassium nutrition in cake fertilizer is enriched again；Biological potassium fertilizer part in offal is substituted in potassium sulfate
Chemical Potassium, vega potash fertilizer cost was both reduced, and improved flue-cured tobacco potassium nutrition Supply Structure again.The present invention is based on above-mentioned think of
What road was carried out.
The rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention, compared with common cake fertilizer, there is the clear superiority of four aspects：
First, available nutrient content has advantage.The present invention tobacco rich potassium cake fertilizer in the presence of fermented bacterium,
In 38-48 DEG C of temperature range, a large amount of amino acid are generated, a large amount of high-quality nitrogen sources are provided for tobacco growth.And common cake fertilizer is certainly
In right fermentation process, fermentation duration length, nutrient loss is more, and available nutrient content declines.
Second, beneficial microbe colony advantage.The fermented bacterium of the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention is in cold fermentation
During, under the conditions of suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio, a large amount of profitable strains are generated, into after soil, can persistently be played a role.And
It is less beneficial to bacterial content during common cake fertilizer spontaneous fermentation, and during prolonged spontaneous fermentation, it is inevitable mixed
Some miscellaneous harmful miscellaneous bacterias enter fermentate.After testing, the free aminoacid content in the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco of the invention
2.45 times are improved than common cake fertilizer.
3rd, meet tobacco plant nutrition absorbing rule advantage.The rich potassium cake fermentation of the tobacco of the present invention is thorough, uniform,
A large amount of compositions for being not easy to be utilized are converted into using composition, can be absorbed in the tobacco growth early stage of release in time and by cigarette strain
Utilize.And commonly cake fermentation is incomplete, uneven, Nutrient Transformation is incomplete, and part nutrient is difficult to be absorbed and used, in soil
In need to carry out that the later stage is decomposed, and nutrients release opportunity postpones, contradiction be present in nutrient-lapsed time and flue-cured tobacco regulation of fertilizer requirement.
4th, biological potassium fertilizer advantage.Potassium content in the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention improves than common cake fertilizer
6.44 times, and its potassium is entirely biological potassium, and utilization ratio is high, will not produce harmful effect to soil texture.It is simultaneously raw
After thing potash fertilizer part substitutes pure chemistry potash fertilizer potassium sulfate, there is advantage on cigarette agricultural fertilizer cost is reduced, according to measuring and calculating, often promote 1
The rich potassium cake fertilizer of ten thousand mu of tobaccos of the invention (amount of application is 20 kgs/acre), it is possible to provide pure biological 37.36 tons of potassium, reduce
74.72 tons of potassium sulfate usage amount, 22.42 ten thousand yuan of tobacco grower's fertilizer cost can be saved.
Following table 1 is the common cake fertilizer of certain enterprise production of rich the potassium cake fertilizer and commercial type of the tobacco of the present invention
The Main Ingredients and Appearance content detection table of comparisons of (spontaneous fermentation).
The Main Ingredients and Appearance content detection table of comparisons of table 1
| Composition | Potassium | Nitrogen | Phosphorus | Free amino acid |
| The rich potassium cake fertilizer (%) of the tobacco of the present invention | 18.68 | 3.84 | 1.95 | 9.30 |
| Common cake fertilizer (%) | 2.90 | 5.80 | 1.00 | 3.80 |
The rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention is in research process, the common cake produced with certain enterprise of commercial type
Fertile (spontaneous fermentation) carried out the check experiment under equal conditions, and result of the test shows, using the rich potassium of the tobacco of the present invention
The yield increased (common cake fertilizer) of cake fertilizer improves 7.8%, and the output value improves 8.1% than control, and first-class cigarette ratio improves than control
11.3%.The rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention has a clear superiority in terms of flue-cured tobacco economic characters are improved than universal cake fertilizer
(being shown in Table 2).
Tobacco sensory quality is to reflect the key index of interior quality, and the roasting rear cigarette of field test is sampled, analyzed
The aesthetic quality of tobacco leaf obtains the result of table 3, can see from table 3, using the sense organ of the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention
Judging parameter is totally better than common cake fertilizer, is mainly manifested in tobacco aroma quality, perfume quantity and pleasant impression aspect than applying common cake fertilizer
With certain advantage, it is slightly good to be generally using common cake fertilizer quality scale, and the rich potassium cake fertilizer using the tobacco of the present invention is
Preferably.
When table 2 is that the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention is applied to cured tobacco production, the investigation of testing site flue-cured tobacco economic characters
As a result：
The testing site flue-cured tobacco economic characters investigation result of table 2
When table 3 is that the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the present invention is applied to cured tobacco production, the tobacco sensory quality smoking result of testing site：
The testing site tobacco sensory quality smoking result of table 3
Embodiment
With reference to embodiments, the present invention is further illustrated.Following explanation is but this hair in a manner of enumerating
Bright protection domain is not limited thereto.
Embodiment one：
The preparation process of the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present embodiment is as follows：
(i), stock up：
Offal (the redrying waste material offal of Redrying Factory), dregs of rapeseed cake, sesame cake meal, decomposing agent is taken (to melt biology by Henan treasured
Science and Technology Ltd. produce " the efficient decomposing agents of BM ", its trade mark is " treasured melts ") and Flavor enhancement bacterial agent [biotechnology is melted by Henan treasured
" Flavor enhancement bacterial agent (oil cake is special) " that Co., Ltd produces, its trade mark is " treasured melts "], it is standby；
(ii), pretreatment of raw material：
(1), offal pre-processes：
Offal is first crushed to broken wall degree, then added after the urea for accounting for offal weight 1% is dissolved with a small amount of water, is stirred
Uniformly, it is 50% then to adjust its moisture, turns into processing offal, standby；
(2), grouts pre-process：
First by dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal according to 75：25 percentage by weight is well mixed, then adjusts its moisture
For 45%, turn into processing grouts, it is standby；
(3), decomposing agent pre-processes：
The decomposing agent for accounting for offal weight 0.5 ‰ and the dregs of rapeseed cake for accounting for offal weight 1% are stirred, turn into place
Decomposing agent is managed, it is standby；
(4), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent pre-processes：
2 ‰ Flavor enhancement bacterial agent for accounting for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal total amount is soaked in 4 times of weight, 35 DEG C of warm water,
Immersion 2.5 hours, stirs, turns into processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, standby；
(iii), high temperature just ferments：
(1), offal inoculation is handled：Processing decomposing agent is mixed with processing offal, stirs, is deposited in fermentation vat naturally
In (specification of fermentation vat is length and width, deep respectively 32m, 3.6m, 1.5m), the high 1.3m of heap, turn into inoculation processing offal heap, it is standby
With；
(2), first fermented pretreatment：It is covered each by handling offal heap in inoculation with the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability
On, prevent from being exposed to the sun, wind, drench with rain；
(3), the first fermentation processes of high temperature：
Inoculation processing offal heap after inoculation is from heap temperature rise to 50 DEG C, and turning is (using two-way automatic after often continuing 3 days
Turning machine, turning speed turn over even 57.6m3 fermentates to be per minute) once, the rest may be inferred, ensures the abundant fermentation maturity of offal；Turn over
If occurring moisture reduction during heap, water should be added to adjust its moisture as 55%；(it need to generally be turned over during heap temperature continuous decrease to normal temperature
Heap more than 6 times), that is, complete high temperature and just ferment, turn into just fermentation offal, it is standby；
(iii), mixing recurrence ferment：
(1), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is handled again：Processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is blended into and accounts for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal gross weight 10%, 35
DEG C warm water in, stir, turn into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；
(2), multiple fermentation material mixing：
Grouts will be handled and the offal that just ferments is according to 75：25 percentage by weight mixing, stirs, turns into rich potassium cake fertilizer
Fermentate is treated, it is standby；
(3), stacking inoculation：Rich potassium cake fertilizer is treated that fermentate is laid in fermentation vat by 10cm thickness, then equably spilt
Enter and handle Flavor enhancement bacterial agent again, then tiled one layer above and treat fermentate, then be equably spilled into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, so layer by layer
The high 60cm of heap is stacked to, turns into inoculation processing heap, it is standby；
(4), turning is loose：Inoculation processing heap turning machine stirring is turned over even, piles the high loose heaps of 65cm again, it is standby；
(5), multiple fermented pretreatment：It is covered in the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability on loose heap, prevents from being exposed to the sun, wind
Blow, drench with rain；
(6), multiple fermentation processes：
1., temperature detection setting：Loose heap after inoculation, a temperature is surveyed every 4 hours, it is per ton to be no less than 3 temperature
Spend monitoring point；
2., fermentation temperature control：During the fermentation, control temperature is at 43 DEG C for loose heap after inoculation；When temperature in heap
When reaching 49 DEG C, using reducing, heap is high or turning (uses two-way automatic stack turning machine, turning speed turns over even 57.6m to be per minute3Hair
Ferment thing) mode, allow it to radiate in time；
3., course of fermentation grasp：From temperature is increased to 35 DEG C, fermentate is sampled daily, hair is grasped with this
Ferment progress, it is multiple when amino acid content (method of amino acid content detection detects for formaldehyde method) reaches high point and flex point occurs
Fermentation ends (generally, fermentation time is 17 days), become rich potassium cake fermentation thing, standby；
(iv), finished product：
After multiple fermentation ends, rich potassium cake fermentation thing naturally dry when moisture is down to below 30%, crushed
20 mesh sieves, metering packing, become the rich potassium cake fertilizer finished product of tobacco.
Embodiment two：
The preparation process of the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present embodiment is as follows：
(i), stock up：
Offal (the redrying waste material offal of Redrying Factory), dregs of rapeseed cake, sesame cake meal, decomposing agent is taken (to melt biology by Henan treasured
Science and Technology Ltd. produce " the efficient decomposing agents of BM ", its trade mark is " treasured melts ") and Flavor enhancement bacterial agent [biotechnology is melted by Henan treasured
" Flavor enhancement bacterial agent (oil cake is special) " that Co., Ltd produces, its trade mark is " treasured melts "], it is standby；
(ii), pretreatment of raw material：
(1), offal pre-processes：
Offal is first crushed to broken wall degree, then added after the urea for accounting for offal weight 0.75% is dissolved with a small amount of water,
Stir, it is 45% then to adjust its moisture, turns into processing offal, standby；
(2), grouts pre-process：
First by dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal according to 70：30 percentage by weight is well mixed, then adjusts its moisture
For 40%, turn into processing grouts, it is standby；
(3), decomposing agent pre-processes：
The decomposing agent for accounting for offal weight 0.25 ‰ and the dregs of rapeseed cake for accounting for offal weight 0.75% are stirred, into
It is standby to handle decomposing agent；
(4), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent pre-processes：
1.5 ‰ Flavor enhancement bacterial agent for accounting for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal total amount is soaked in 3 times of weight, 30 DEG C of warm water
In, soak 2 hours, stir, turn into processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；
(iii), high temperature just ferments：
(1), offal inoculation is handled：Processing decomposing agent is mixed with processing offal, stirs, is deposited in fermentation vat naturally
In (specification of fermentation vat is length and width, deep respectively 32m, 3.6m, 1.5m), the high 1.2m of heap, turn into inoculation processing offal heap, it is standby
With；
(2), first fermented pretreatment：It is covered each by handling offal heap in inoculation with the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability
On, prevent from being exposed to the sun, wind, drench with rain；
(3), the first fermentation processes of high temperature：
Inoculation processing offal heap after inoculation is from heap temperature rise to 50 DEG C, and turning is (using two-way automatic after often continuing 3 days
Turning machine, turning speed turn over even 57.6m to be per minute3Fermentate) once, the rest may be inferred, ensures the abundant fermentation maturity of offal；Turn over
If occurring moisture reduction during heap, water should be added to adjust its moisture as 53%；(it need to generally be turned over during heap temperature continuous decrease to normal temperature
Heap more than 6 times), that is, complete high temperature and just ferment, turn into just fermentation offal, it is standby；
(iii), mixing recurrence ferment：
(1), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is handled again：Processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is blended into and accounts for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal gross weight 5%, 30
DEG C warm water in, stir, turn into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；
(2), multiple fermentation material mixing：
Grouts will be handled and the offal that just ferments is according to 70：30 percentage by weight mixing, stirs, turns into rich potassium cake fertilizer
Fermentate is treated, it is standby；
(3), stacking inoculation：Rich potassium cake fertilizer is treated that fermentate is laid in fermentation vat by 8cm thickness, then equably spilt
Enter and handle Flavor enhancement bacterial agent again, then tiled one layer above and treat fermentate, then be equably spilled into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, so layer by layer
The high 64cm of heap is stacked to, turns into inoculation processing heap, it is standby；
(4), turning is loose：Inoculation processing heap turning machine stirring is turned over even, piles the high loose heaps of 60cm again, it is standby；
(5), multiple fermented pretreatment：It is covered in the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability on loose heap, prevents from being exposed to the sun, wind
Blow, drench with rain；
(6), multiple fermentation processes：
1., temperature detection setting：Loose heap after inoculation, a temperature is surveyed every 4 hours, it is per ton to be no less than 3 temperature
Spend monitoring point；
2., fermentation temperature control：During the fermentation, control temperature is at 38 DEG C for loose heap after inoculation；When temperature in heap
When reaching 48 DEG C, using reducing, heap is high or turning (uses two-way automatic stack turning machine, turning speed turns over even 57.6m to be per minute3Hair
Ferment thing) mode, allow it to radiate in time；
3., course of fermentation grasp：From temperature is increased to 35 DEG C, fermentate is sampled daily, hair is grasped with this
Ferment progress, it is multiple when amino acid content (method of amino acid content detection detects for formaldehyde method) reaches high point and flex point occurs
Fermentation ends (generally, fermentation time is 14 days), become rich potassium cake fermentation thing, standby；
(iv), finished product：
After multiple fermentation ends, rich potassium cake fermentation thing naturally dry when moisture is down to below 30%, crushed
20 mesh sieves, metering packing, become the rich potassium cake fertilizer finished product of tobacco.
Embodiment three：
The preparation process of the rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present embodiment is as follows：
(ii), stock up：
Offal (the redrying waste material offal of Redrying Factory), dregs of rapeseed cake, sesame cake meal, decomposing agent is taken (to melt biology by Henan treasured
Science and Technology Ltd. produce " the efficient decomposing agents of BM ", its trade mark is " treasured melts ") and Flavor enhancement bacterial agent [biotechnology is melted by Henan treasured
" Flavor enhancement bacterial agent (oil cake is special) " that Co., Ltd produces, its trade mark is " treasured melts "], it is standby；
(ii), pretreatment of raw material：
(1), offal pre-processes：
Offal is first crushed to broken wall degree, then added after the urea for accounting for offal weight 1.25% is dissolved with a small amount of water,
Stir, it is 55% then to adjust its moisture, turns into processing offal, standby；
(2), grouts pre-process：
First by dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal according to 80：20 percentage by weight is well mixed, then adjusts its moisture
For 50%, turn into processing grouts, it is standby；
(3), decomposing agent pre-processes：
The decomposing agent for accounting for offal weight 0.75 ‰ and the dregs of rapeseed cake for accounting for offal weight 1.25% are stirred, into
It is standby to handle decomposing agent；
(4), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent pre-processes：
2.5 ‰ Flavor enhancement bacterial agent for accounting for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal total amount is soaked in 5 times of weight, 40 DEG C of warm water
In, soak 3 hours, stir, turn into processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；
(iii), high temperature just ferments：
(1), offal inoculation is handled：Processing decomposing agent is mixed with processing offal, stirs, is deposited in fermentation vat naturally
In (specification of fermentation vat is length and width, deep respectively 32m, 3.6m, 1.5m), the high 1.4m of heap, turn into inoculation processing offal heap, it is standby
With；
(2), first fermented pretreatment：It is covered each by handling offal heap in inoculation with the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability
On, prevent from being exposed to the sun, wind, drench with rain；
(3), the first fermentation processes of high temperature：
Inoculation processing offal heap after inoculation is from heap temperature rise to 50 DEG C, and turning is (using two-way automatic after often continuing 3 days
Turning machine, turning speed turn over even 57.6m to be per minute3Fermentate) once, the rest may be inferred, ensures the abundant fermentation maturity of offal；Turn over
If occurring moisture reduction during heap, water should be added to adjust its moisture as 57%；(it need to generally be turned over during heap temperature continuous decrease to normal temperature
Heap more than 6 times), that is, complete high temperature and just ferment, turn into just fermentation offal, it is standby；
(iii), mixing recurrence ferment：
(1), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is handled again：Processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is blended into and accounts for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal gross weight 15%, 40
DEG C warm water in, stir, turn into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；
(2), multiple fermentation material mixing：
Grouts will be handled and the offal that just ferments is according to 80：20 percentage by weight mixing, stirs, turns into rich potassium cake fertilizer
Fermentate is treated, it is standby；
(3), stacking inoculation：Rich potassium cake fertilizer is treated that fermentate is laid in fermentation vat by 12cm thickness, then equably spilt
Enter and handle Flavor enhancement bacterial agent again, then tiled one layer above and treat fermentate, then be equably spilled into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, so layer by layer
The high 72cm of heap is stacked to, turns into inoculation processing heap, it is standby；
(4), turning is loose：Inoculation processing heap turning machine stirring is turned over even, piles the high loose heaps of 70cm again, it is standby；
(5), multiple fermented pretreatment：It is covered in the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability on loose heap, prevents from being exposed to the sun, wind
Blow, drench with rain；
(6), multiple fermentation processes：
1., temperature detection setting：Loose heap after inoculation, a temperature is surveyed every 4 hours, it is per ton to be no less than 3 temperature
Spend monitoring point；
2., fermentation temperature control：During the fermentation, control temperature is at 48 DEG C for loose heap after inoculation；When temperature in heap
When reaching 50 DEG C, using reducing, heap is high or turning (uses two-way automatic stack turning machine, turning speed turns over even 57.6m to be per minute3Hair
Ferment thing) mode, allow it to radiate in time；
3., course of fermentation grasp：From temperature is increased to 35 DEG C, fermentate is sampled daily, hair is grasped with this
Ferment progress, it is multiple when amino acid content (method of amino acid content detection detects for formaldehyde method) reaches high point and flex point occurs
Fermentation ends (generally, fermentation time is 20 days), become rich potassium cake fermentation thing, standby；
(iv), finished product：
After multiple fermentation ends, rich potassium cake fermentation thing naturally dry when moisture is down to below 30%, crushed
20 mesh sieves, metering packing, become the rich potassium cake fertilizer finished product of tobacco.
The rich potassium cake fertilizer of the tobacco of the present invention, suitable for tobacco planting in all parts of the country.
Claims (10)
- A 1. rich potassium cake fertilizer to grow tobacco, it is characterised in that it is raw materials used including offal, it is dregs of rapeseed cake, sesame cake meal, decomposed Agent and Flavor enhancement bacterial agent；Its preparation process is as follows：(i), pretreatment of raw material：(1), offal pre-processes：Offal is first crushed to broken wall degree, then added after the urea for accounting for offal weight 0.75-1.25% is dissolved with a small amount of water, Stir, it is 45-55% then to adjust its moisture, turns into processing offal, standby；(2), grouts pre-process：First by dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal according to (70-80)：The percentage by weight of (20-30) is well mixed, then adjusts its water It is 40-50% to divide content, turns into processing grouts, standby；(3), decomposing agent pre-processes：The decomposing agent for accounting for offal weight 0.25-0.75 ‰ and the dregs of rapeseed cake for accounting for offal weight 0.75-1.25% are sufficiently stirred Uniformly, processing decomposing agent is turned into, it is standby；(4), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent pre-processes：The Flavor enhancement bacterial agent for the 1.5-2.5 ‰ for accounting for grouts and offal gross weight is soaked in 3-5 times of weight, 30-40 DEG C of warm water, 2-3 hours are soaked, stirs, turns into processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；(ii), high temperature just ferments：(1), offal inoculation is handled：Processing decomposing agent is mixed with processing offal, stirs, is deposited in naturally in fermentation vat, the high 1.2-1.4m of heap, turn into Inoculation processing offal heap, it is standby；(2), first fermented pretreatment：It is covered each by, on inoculation processing offal heap, preventing with the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability Only it is exposed to the sun, wind, drenches with rain；(3), the first fermentation processes of high temperature：For inoculation processing offal heap after inoculation from heap temperature rise to 50 DEG C, once, the rest may be inferred for turning after often continuing 3 days, protects Demonstrate,prove the abundant fermentation maturity of offal；If occurring moisture reduction during turning, it is 53-57% that water should be added, which to adjust its moisture,；Heap temperature During continuous decrease to normal temperature, that is, complete high temperature and just ferment, turn into just fermentation offal, it is standby；(iii), mixing recurrence ferment：(1), Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is handled again：Processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent is blended into and accounts for dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal gross weight 5-15%, 30- In 40 DEG C of warm water, stir, turn into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, it is standby；(2), multiple fermentation material mixing：Grouts will be handled and the offal that just ferments is according to (70-80)：The percentage by weight mixing of (30-20), stirs, and turns into rich Potassium cake fertilizer treats fermentate, standby；(3), stacking inoculation：Rich potassium cake fertilizer is treated that fermentate is laid in fermentation vat by 8-12cm thickness, is then equably spilled into Handle Flavor enhancement bacterial agent again, then tiled one layer above and treat fermentate, then be equably spilled into multiple processing Flavor enhancement bacterial agent, so heap layer by layer The high 60-70cm of heap is stacked to, turns into inoculation processing heap, it is standby；(4), turning is loose：Inoculation processing heap turning machine stirring is turned over even, piles the high loose heaps of 60-70cm again, it is standby；(5), multiple fermented pretreatment：Be covered in the material of straw screen or mat, numb piece class good permeability on loose heap, prevent from being exposed to the sun, wind, Drench with rain；(6), multiple fermentation processes：1., temperature detection setting：Loose heap after inoculation, a temperature is surveyed every 4 hours, it is per ton to be no less than 3 temperature prisons Measuring point；2., fermentation temperature control：During the fermentation, control temperature is at 38-48 DEG C for loose heap after inoculation；As heap Nei Wenduda During to 48-50 DEG C, by the way of heap height or turning is reduced, it is allowed to radiate in time；3., course of fermentation grasp：From temperature is increased to 35 DEG C, fermentate is sampled daily, grasped with this ferment into Degree, when amino acid content reaches high point and flex point occurs, multiple fermentation ends, rich potassium cake fermentation thing is become, it is standby；(iv), finished product：After multiple fermentation ends, by rich potassium cake fermentation thing naturally dry, when moisture is down to below 30%, 20 mesh are crushed Sieve, metering packing, become the rich potassium cake fertilizer finished product of tobacco.
- 2. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weight of the dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal It is 70 to measure percentage：30.
- 3. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weight of the dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal It is 80 to measure percentage：20.
- 4. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weight of the dregs of rapeseed cake and sesame cake meal It is 75 to measure percentage：25.
- 5. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The processing grouts and just fermentation offal Percentage by weight is 20：80.
- 6. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The processing grouts and just fermentation offal Percentage by weight is 30：70.
- 7. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The processing grouts and just fermentation offal Percentage by weight is 25：75.
- 8. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The specification of the fermentation vat is：Length and width, Deep is respectively 32m, 3.6m, 1.5m.
- 9. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The turning uses two-way automatic turning Machine, its turning speed turn over even 57.6m3 fermentates to be per minute.
- 10. the rich potassium cake fertilizer of tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The method of the amino acid content detection Detected for formaldehyde method.
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