CN109042190B - Bletilla striata planting method - Google Patents

Bletilla striata planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109042190B
CN109042190B CN201810852014.4A CN201810852014A CN109042190B CN 109042190 B CN109042190 B CN 109042190B CN 201810852014 A CN201810852014 A CN 201810852014A CN 109042190 B CN109042190 B CN 109042190B
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soil
microbial
fertilizer
bletilla striata
planting
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CN109042190A (en
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荆晶
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Shanghai Guohuan Ecological Technology Co., Ltd
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Shanghai Highken Ecology Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers

Abstract

The invention discloses a bletilla striata planting method; the method comprises the following steps: selecting sandy soil and humus soil with the pH value of 5.5-7, ploughing the soil by more than 25cm, and applying 150-400 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer; covering fine soil or ash soil after planting, and pouring 10-40L/mu of microbial liquid once, wherein the dilution multiple is 200-400 times; topdressing is carried out in spring and autumn every year, soil is fertilized once in 10-15 days, the fertilizer consumption of the microbial inoculum is 5-25L/mu, and the dilution multiple is 300-500 times; the fertilizer is applied to the leaf surface for 10 to 15 days once, and the dilution times are 1500-2500 times. According to the planting method, the adopted microbial preparation has insecticidal and bactericidal effects, the tubers and the biocontrol bacteria easily form a symbiotic environment, the insect-preventing and disease-preventing effects are ensured to be persistent, a large amount of bactericides and insecticides are avoided, the safety of the tubers of the bletilla striata is improved, the medicinal quality of the bletilla striata is ensured, and green planting of the bletilla striata is promoted.

Description

Bletilla striata planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a bletilla striata planting method.
Background
Bletilla striata is a perennial herb, namely, a sweet root, a white root, white chick child, yangjianqi, violet and the like, is an orchidaceae plant, has a plant height of 30-60 cm, is irregular oblate and white in tuber, has 2-3 forks in a water caltrop shape, has fibrous roots and belongs to a rare species. The raceme grows at the top, and 3-8 flowers are usually available; the flower is light purple red, and the petals are irregular. The capsule has a cylindrical shape, 6 longitudinal edges, and two pointed ends. The seeds are tiny and most. The flowering period is 4-5 months, and the fruit period is 7-8 months. China is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Zhejiang and the like, and is mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.
Common bletilla has the functions of tonifying lung, stopping bleeding, eliminating swelling, promoting granulation and the like, is mainly used for treating phthisis hemoptysis, bronchiectasis hemoptysis, gastric ulcer, hematemesis, hematuria, hemafecia and other symptoms, and is externally used for treating traumatic bleeding, burns, scalds, rhagadia manus et pedis and other symptoms. In recent years, the annual demand of bletilla striata for pharmaceutical manufacturers has gradually increased. Bletilla striata is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and is also used as an adhesive in industrial production, for example, in cigarette production, cigarette butts are made of bletilla striata as an adhesive, and adhesives for mounting pictures and pictures are also made of bletilla striata. In addition, the bletilla striata polysaccharide gum can be applied to daily chemical products to replace chemical thickeners, has the functions of reducing irritation, protecting skin, delaying aging and the like, and has wider and wider application range along with the continuous deep research, development and utilization, so that the demand of bletilla striata is larger and larger.
However, bletilla striata is planted at certain risk, firstly, the planting cost is high, and the cultivation time generally needs 4, 5 or even 6 years. The investment of at least 3 ten thousand yuan per mu is also needed for planting the seedlings; secondly, the technical threshold is high, the growth of the rootstocks needs the environment of symbiotic bacteria, and the transplantation and management are very fine; thirdly, the seedling death rate is high and the planting risk is large. According to research, the death rate of newly planted land is often 70-80% in 2014-2015 in Yuanduan and the like, and the land is even more costly if subjected to drought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bletilla striata planting method aiming at the defects, and the bletilla striata planting method is used for solving the problems of high seedling death rate and poor quality of bletilla striata in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing soil fertilizer: selecting sandy soil and humus soil with the pH value of 5.5-7, ploughing the soil by more than 25cm (such as 25cm-55cm), applying 150 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer, and ploughing to uniformly mix the soil and the microbial fertilizer; effective strains in the microbial fertilizer are bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae;
s2, fertilizing after planting: covering fine soil or ash soil after planting, and pouring 10-40L/mu of microbial liquid once, wherein the dilution multiple is 200-400 times; the effective strains in the microbial liquid are beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and streptomyces microflavus;
s3, topdressing: topdressing is carried out in spring and autumn every year, soil is fertilized once in 10-15 days, the fertilizer consumption of the microbial inoculum is 5-25L/mu, and the dilution multiple is 300-500 times; fertilizing the leaves once for 10-15 days, and diluting by 1500-2500 times; the soil fertilization and the foliar fertilizer are carried out alternately; the effective strains in the microbial agent are streptomyces rochei, bacillus thuringiensis and beauveria bassiana.
Preferably, the method also comprises the steps of shallow ploughing once before planting, soil preparation and raking, and high soil moisture with the width of 120-140 cm.
Preferably, the formula of the microbial fertilizer is as follows: 98-99.5 wt% of HPS hydrolysis solid product, 0.5-2 wt% of total amount of Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma harzianum and Metarrhizium anisopliae, and effective viable count more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g. The solid product of HPS hydrolysis is used as carrier.
Preferably, the solid product of HPS hydrolysis is a solid product obtained by solid-liquid separation of a tail product obtained after subcritical hydrolysis treatment of the organic solid waste.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis to the trichoderma harzianum to the metarhizium anisopliae is 1: 1. In the system of the invention, the bacillus thuringiensis and the metarhizium anisopliae have the ability of parasitizing in polypide to play a role in controlling pests, the trichoderma harzianum mainly plays a role in killing part of pathogenic bacteria and promoting growth, and the synergistic effect of the bacillus thuringiensis, the metarhizium anisopliae and the trichoderma harzianum can play a role in resisting diseases, controlling pests and promoting growth simultaneously.
Preferably, the formula of the microbial liquid is as follows: the total effective viable count of beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Streptomyces microflavus is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98 percent. The HPS liquid product is the carrier.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the beauveria bassiana to the metarhizium anisopliae to the streptomyces microflavus is 1: 0.5. In the system of the invention, the beauveria bassiana has double functions of controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and the streptomyces microflavus can prevent and resist diseases on one hand and can convert fixed nitrogen and phosphorus in soil to improve soil fertility on the other hand. The three components can simultaneously play the roles of disease resistance, insect control and partial growth promotion under the synergistic action.
Preferably, the HPS liquid product is a liquid product obtained by performing solid-liquid separation on a tail product obtained by performing subcritical hydrolysis treatment on the organic solid waste.
Preferably, the formula of the microbial agent is as follows: the total effective viable count of Streptomyces rochei, Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98 percent. The HPS liquid product is the carrier.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the streptomyces rochei, the bacillus thuringiensis and the beauveria bassiana is 1: 1. In the system of the invention, the Streptomyces rochei has bacteriostatic activity, and the three have synergistic effect to better play the role of disease resistance and insect prevention.
Preferably, the HPS liquid product is a liquid product obtained by performing solid-liquid separation on a tail product obtained by performing subcritical hydrolysis treatment on the organic solid waste.
More preferably, before the subcritical hydrolysis treatment, a chemical pretreatment step is further included, specifically: adding 50-100Kg of insoluble or citrate soluble phosphate fertilizer, 8-15Kg of zinc sulfate, 5-10Kg of borax and 48Kg of manganese sulfate into each ton of solid substrate according to the water content of the solid substrate; adding the straws according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.8 to the organic solid garbage.
The carriers of the microbial fertilizer, the bacterial liquid and the microbial inoculum in the embodiment of the invention are HPS hydrolysis solid products or HPS liquid products subjected to chemical pretreatment, and the invention finds that organic matters in the HPS hydrolysis products are more than 70 percent, and the HPS hydrolysis products contain high-activity micromolecular substances, so that the colonization and propagation of the microbial fertilizer in soil can be effectively promoted; in addition, the high-activity small molecular substance contains a certain amount of organic acid, and can also kill part of toxic and harmful substances and harmful bacteria.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer adopted by foliar fertilization is 10-10-15 macroelement water-soluble fertilizer. The 10-10-15 macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer containing 10% of nitrogen element, 10% of phosphorus element and 15% of potassium element.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the adopted microbial preparation in the fertilizer has insecticidal and bactericidal effects, avoids the use of a sulfur-octane emulsifiable concentrate insecticide and the use of bactericides such as chlorothalonil and the like for sterilization in the traditional fermentation method, ensures that the tuber and biocontrol bacteria easily form a symbiotic environment, ensures that the insect and disease prevention effects have continuity, avoids the use of a large amount of bactericides and insecticides, improves the safety of the tuber of bletilla striata, ensures the medicinal quality of the bletilla striata, and promotes green planting of the bletilla striata.
2. The fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matters, can improve soil and promote tuber growth, and can improve soil fertility and improve fertilizer utilization rate by using the microbial agent, thereby being beneficial to improving the tuber yield.
3. The invention effectively reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests.
4. The invention can reduce the seedling death rate and greatly reduce the cost of the grower.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which comprises the following steps:
1. fertilizer for soil preparation
Selecting loose and fertile sandy soil and humus soil, wherein the pH value is as follows: preferably 5.5-7, ploughing the soil by more than 25cm, applying 250 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer, and then ploughing to uniformly mix the soil and the fertilizer. Shallow ploughing once before planting, finely raking soil and making high soil moisture with the width of 130 cm.
The formula of the microbial fertilizer is as follows: 98.5wt% of HPS hydrolysis solid product, 1.5wt% of total amount of bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae, and more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g of effective viable bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis to the trichoderma harzianum to the metarhizium anisopliae is 1: 1.
2. Fertilizer used after planting
Covering fine soil or ash soil after planting, and pouring 20L/mu of microbial liquid once, wherein the dilution multiple is 300 times.
The formula of the microbial liquid is as follows: the total effective viable count of beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Streptomyces microflavus is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98 percent. The mass ratio of the beauveria bassiana to the Metarrhizium anisopliae to the streptomyces microflavus is 1: 0.5.
3. Topdressing
Topdressing is carried out in spring and autumn every year, namely 3-6 months and 9-11 months every year, soil is fertilized once for 10-15 days, the fertilizer consumption of the microbial inoculum is 20L/mu, and the dilution multiple is 400 times; applying the fertilizer to the leaf surface once for 10-15 days, and diluting by 2000 times. Can be applied to soil and conducted with foliar fertilizer alternately.
The formula of the microbial agent is as follows: the total effective viable count of Streptomyces rochei, Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98 percent. The mass ratio of the Streptomyces rochei, the Bacillus thuringiensis and the Beauveria bassiana is 1: 1.
The foliar fertilizer is 10-10-15 macroelement water soluble fertilizer.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that:
in the formula of the microbial fertilizer, 98 wt% of HPS hydrolysis solid product and 2 wt% of the total amount of bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae are contained;
in the formula of the microbial liquid, the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 99 percent;
in the formula of the microbial agent, the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 99.5 percent.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that:
in the formula of the microbial fertilizer, 99.5 wt% of HPS hydrolysis solid product and 0.5 wt% of total amount of bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae;
in the formula of the microbial liquid, the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 99.5 percent;
in the formula of the microbial agent, the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98.5 percent.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which is basically the same as example 1, except that:
the applied microbial fertilizer has the formula as follows: 98.5wt% of HPS hydrolysis solid product, 1.5wt% of total amount of bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae, and more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g of effective viable bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the trichoderma harzianum to the metarhizium anisopliae is 1: 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which is basically the same as example 1, except that:
the formula of the applied microbial liquid is as follows: the formula of the microbial liquid is as follows: the total effective viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum, the metarhizium anisopliae and the streptomyces microflavus is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98 percent. The mass ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the metarhizium anisopliae to the streptomyces microflavus is 1: 0.5.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which is basically the same as example 1, except that:
the applied microbial agent formula is as follows: the total effective viable count of Aspergillus niger, Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98%. The mass ratio of the aspergillus niger to the bacillus thuringiensis to the beauveria bassiana is 1: 1.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example relates to a bletilla striata planting method, which is basically the same as example 1, except that:
the added solid HPS hydrolysate and liquid HPS hydrolysate are obtained by directly performing subcritical hydrolysis treatment and solid-liquid separation on the solid substrate which is not subjected to chemical pretreatment.
The experimental results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in the following table 1:
experiment grouping Incidence of Enoki insect (%) Bletilla dead seedling rate (%)
Example 1 3 6
Example 2 5 8
Example 3 3 5
Comparative example 1 25 12
Comparative example 2 22 18
Comparative example 3 19 23
Comparative example 4 26 31
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. The bletilla striata planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing soil fertilizer: selecting sandy soil and humus soil with the pH value of 5.5-7, ploughing the soil by more than 25cm, applying 250 kg/mu of microbial fertilizer, and ploughing to uniformly mix the soil and the microbial fertilizer; effective strains in the microbial fertilizer are bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae; the formula of the microbial fertilizer is as follows: 98.5wt% of HPS hydrolysis solid product, 1.5wt% of total amount of bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and metarhizium anisopliae, and more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g of effective viable bacteria; the mass ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis to the trichoderma harzianum to the metarhizium anisopliae is 1:1: 1;
s2, fertilizing after planting: covering fine soil or ash soil after planting, and pouring 20L/mu of microbial liquid once, wherein the dilution multiple is 300 times; the effective strains in the microbial liquid are beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and streptomyces microflavus; the formula of the microbial liquid is as follows: the total effective viable count of beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Streptomyces microflavus is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98 percent; the mass ratio of the beauveria bassiana to the metarhizium anisopliae to the streptomyces microflavus is 1:1: 0.5;
s3, topdressing: topdressing is carried out in spring and autumn every year, soil is fertilized once in 10-15 days, the fertilizer consumption of the microbial inoculum is 20L/mu, and the dilution multiple is 400 times; fertilizing once for 10-15 days on the leaf surface, and diluting by 2000 times; the soil fertilization and the foliar fertilizer are carried out alternately; the effective strains in the microbial agent are streptomyces rochei, bacillus thuringiensis and beauveria bassiana; the formula of the microbial agent is as follows: the total effective viable count of Streptomyces rochei, Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/ml, and the HPS liquid product is more than or equal to 98 percent; the mass ratio of the streptomyces rochei, the bacillus thuringiensis and the beauveria bassiana is 1:1: 1; the foliar fertilizer is a 10-10-15 macroelement water-soluble fertilizer;
the solid product of HPS hydrolysis is a solid product obtained by performing solid-liquid separation on a tail product obtained after performing subcritical hydrolysis treatment on organic solid waste;
the HPS liquid product is obtained by performing solid-liquid separation on a tail product obtained after subcritical hydrolysis treatment on the organic solid waste.
2. The bletilla striata planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method further comprises a step of shallow plowing once before planting, soil is finely prepared and raked, and high soil moisture with a width of 120-140cm is made.
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CN104609997A (en) * 2015-02-05 2015-05-13 吉林农业大学 Manufacturing process and application method of ginseng bio-organic fertilizer
CN104782366A (en) * 2015-04-08 2015-07-22 安徽春之蔚农业科技有限公司 Standardized planting method for bletilla striata

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