CN105766516B - A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot - Google Patents

A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot Download PDF

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CN105766516B
CN105766516B CN201610129518.4A CN201610129518A CN105766516B CN 105766516 B CN105766516 B CN 105766516B CN 201610129518 A CN201610129518 A CN 201610129518A CN 105766516 B CN105766516 B CN 105766516B
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parts
period
black spot
crisp red
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CN105766516A (en
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井良才
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Fujian Zhense Biotechnology Group Co ltd
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QUANJIAO JINGFU SELENIUM-RICH ECOLOGICAL ANIMAL HUSBANDARY Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, comprise the following steps:(1)Clear garden sterilization,(2)Blooming period management,(3)Florescence fertilising,(4)Bear fruit period management,(5)Period is applied fertilizer.The present invention is strictly controlled early crisp red pear flower fruiting period growth phase environmental condition, and it is applied with the nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B that inhibitory action is played to pathogen, in the case of material and environmental condition jointly constraint, the black spot incidence of disease of early crisp red pears substantially reduces, the condition and quality of fruit also get a promotion, and method safety, practicality, nuisanceless.

Description

A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of planting, and in particular to a kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot.
Background technology
Early crisp red pears are the bud mutation kinds of precocious strains, and variation features are:Tender leaf is purplish red, and pear flower is pink, and young fruit is entirely red, after ripe Fruit bar is red;Its fruit thin skin meat is crisp, and core is small, and edible rate is high, and taste is dense and sweet tea, soluble solid content 12 ~ 14%, containing sugar Amount 11 ~ 12.5%, quality is first-class, has the excellent in shape and mouthfeel of precocious strains, " fruit is described as by the well-known expert of fruit tree circle Industry wonder, pears product wonderful work ".Because of its excellent outward appearance and quality, liking and planting for more and more people has been obtained.
During the early crisp red pears of plantation, black spot is a kind of common frequently-occurring disease, main harm fruit, blade and new The tip, it is one of three major diseases of pears, is infected and caused by the alternaric bacteria (Alternaria alternata) of fungi, can typically made The fruit underproduction 20 ~ 30%, the severe one meeting underproduction 50 ~ 60%, harmfulness is larger.People rely primarily on chemical agent and prevented and treated at present, Typically 0.3% penta sodium pentachlorophenate of spray adds 5Be lime sulfur mixed liquors before tree body is germinateed, and sprays 200 times of lime times after fallen flowers again Amount formula Bordeaux mixture, or 50% ambam, 1000 times of liquid, 600 to 800 times of liquid of Tuzet wettable powder, 10% Polyoxin are wettable Property 1000 to 1500 times of liquid of pulvis, but the spraying times of this mode are not easy excessively, to exist and present environmental risks and cause medicine residual The hidden danger stayed, it is impossible to which green, non-harmful fruit is produced in guarantee, is unfavorable for the healthy, sustainable of whole early crisp red pears industry Development.Therefore it is urgent problem to be solved to seek a kind of method of safe and healthy prevention black spot.
The growth of alternaric bacteria and spread speed and natural environmental condition, nutriment composition etc. are closely bound up, black to pears The result of study of pinta pathogenic fungus Alternaria tenuis Nees (Alternaria alternata) biological characteristics shows that growth of pathogenic bacteria is fitted Suitable temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 28 DEG C, and the optimum temperature of spore germination is 28 DEG C;Pathogen suitable growth is relatively wet Spend for 50% ~ 100%, the most suitable growth relative humidity is 98% ~ 100%, and spore germination optimal pH value is 7 ~ 8, and different nutrients The promotion and inhibition of matter and composition to it have difference.When pathogen infection host cell wall, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-β-half can be produced Newborn dextranase, if cell membrane depauperation can accelerate parasitic speed, the state of an illness aggravating, K element is more in usual infected plant, Cell membrane depauperation.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, foundation The biological characteristics of Alternaria alternata caused occurrence alternaric bacteria and the flowering fruit bearing stage growth to early crisp red pears is reasonably managed, drop significantly The low sick hair rate of black spot, method have safe, practical, non-harmful feature.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, comprises the following steps:
(1)Clear garden sterilization:Late February the residual branch in orchard is lost into leaf and sort out garden, and mu is applied 25 ~ 35kg quick limes and entered Row sterilization;
(2)Blooming period management:The first tenday period of a month in late March to April enter the florescence, and it is 10 ~ 12 DEG C now to control day temperature in garden, Nocturnal temperature is 5 ~ 8 DEG C, and it is 65 ~ 75% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 45 ~ 55%;
(3)Florescence applies fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 ~ 5 parts of fulvic acids Potassium, 1 ~ 3 part of magnesium chloride, 1 ~ 2 part of glucose, 1 ~ 2 part of calcium lactate, 0.2 ~ 0.5 part of phenylalanine, 0.1 ~ 0.4 part of aspartic acid, 50 ~ 100 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution A, apply week about once since the late March, altogether three times;
(4)Bear fruit period management:The first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, early crisp red the operatic circle tree bore fruit successively, now daytime in control garden Temperature is 13 ~ 15 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 7 ~ 10 DEG C, and it is 70 ~ 80% to control in garden day relative humidity, night relative humidity is 50 ~ 60%;
(5)Period is applied fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:10 ~ 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 2 ~ 5 parts Calcium lactate, 0.5 ~ 1 part of phenylalanine, 0.5 ~ 1 part of threonine, 0.3 ~ 0.8 part of Bao Man rhzomorph, 0.5 ~ 1 part of Pyrolin, 1 ~ 3 part China tree leaf extract, 60 ~ 80 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution B, apply week about once since the mid-April, four times altogether .
Further, step(3)Described nutrient solution A compound method is:First by 5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 3 parts of chlorinations After ammonium, 2 ~ 5 parts of potassium fulvates, 1 ~ 3 part of magnesium chloride are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 50 ~ 100 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred It is even.
Further, step(5)Described nutrient solution B compound method is:It is first that 10 ~ 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 4 parts of D- are sweet After dew sugar, 2 ~ 5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.5 ~ 1 part of phenylalanine, 0.5 ~ 1 part of threonine are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 60 ~ 80 parts of water, then will Residual components are added and stirred.
Further, step(5)Described China tree leaf extract is that Folium Meliae is put in 95% ethanol solution, control temperature Spend for 35 ~ 45 DEG C, after extracting 15 ~ 18h, extract solution is concentrated into water content as 16 ~ 18%.
The present invention has the advantages that:
(1)At the florescence of early crisp red pears, that is, sprouting initial stage of Alternaria alternata caused occurrence alternaric bacteria, strict control are early crisp red The growing environment condition of pears, and coordinate nutrient solution A application so that a part of pathogen can not grow death, and suppress very well The growth and propagation of another part pathogen, reduce initial pathogen quantity.
(2)In the period of early crisp red pears, that is, the growth of Alternaria alternata caused occurrence alternaric bacteria, the outbreak period is propagated, controlled While system early crisp red pears growing environment condition, it be with the addition of in compounding application nutrient solution B, nutrient solution B with work of directly tagging Natural extract Bao Man rhzomorphs, Pyrolin and China tree leaf extract so that most of pathogen can not grow death, enter One step reduces the sick hair rate of early crisp red Pear black spot.
(3)Contain more calcium constituent in the nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B of addition, to strengthen the development of cell membrane, simultaneously Prevent the excessive consumption of potassium element, strengthen the resistance of plant, ammonium sulfate, threonine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine are to pathogen It is respectively provided with inhibitory action, Bao Man rhzomorphs, Pyrolin and China tree leaf extract are natural extracts, safe to use, noresidue, There is difference the additive for suppressing composition to cooperate, and enhance the suppression to pathogen and killing effect, and will not make its production The raw resistance to the action of a drug, using effect are obvious.
(4)The present invention is strictly controlled early crisp red pear flower fruiting period growth phase environmental condition, and is applied with to cause of disease Bacterium plays the nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B of inhibitory action, and in the case where material and environmental condition constrain jointly, early crisp red pears is black The pinta incidence of disease substantially reduces, and the condition and quality of fruit also get a promotion, and method safety, practicality, nuisanceless.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, comprises the following steps:
(1)Clear garden sterilization:Late February the residual branch in orchard is lost into leaf and sort out garden, and mu is applied 25 ~ 35kg quick limes and entered Row sterilization;
(2)Blooming period management:The first tenday period of a month in late March to April enter the florescence, and it is 10 ~ 12 DEG C now to control day temperature in garden, Nocturnal temperature is 5 ~ 8 DEG C, and it is 65 ~ 75% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 45 ~ 55%;
(3)Florescence applies fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 1 part Magnesium chloride, 2 parts of glucose, 2 parts of calcium lactates, 0.4 part of phenylalanine, 0.3 part of aspartic acid, 100 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution A, Apply week about once since the late March, altogether three times;
(4)Bear fruit period management:The first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, early crisp red the operatic circle tree bore fruit successively, now daytime in control garden Temperature is 13 ~ 15 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 7 ~ 10 DEG C, and it is 70 ~ 80% to control in garden day relative humidity, night relative humidity is 50 ~ 60%;
(5)Period is applied fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 4 parts of calcium lactates, 0.8 part of phenylalanine, 0.7 part of threonine, 0.6 part of Bao Man rhzomorph, 1 part of Pyrolin, 2 parts of China tree leaf extracts, 65 parts of water, match somebody with somebody Nutrient solution B is made, applies week about once since the mid-April, four times altogether.
Further, step(3)Described nutrient solution A compound method is:First by 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 parts After potassium fulvate, 1 part of magnesium chloride are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 100 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred.
Further, step(5)Described nutrient solution B compound method is:First by 12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of D-MANNOSEs, After 4 parts of calcium lactates, 0.8 part of phenylalanine, 0.7 part of threonine are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 65 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred Mix uniformly.
Further, step(5)Described China tree leaf extract is that Folium Meliae is put in 95% ethanol solution, control temperature Spend for 35 ~ 45 DEG C, after extracting 15h, extract solution is concentrated into water content as 16 ~ 18%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, comprises the following steps:
(1)Clear garden sterilization:Late February the residual branch in orchard is lost into leaf and sort out garden, and mu is applied 25 ~ 35kg quick limes and entered Row sterilization;
(2)Blooming period management:The first tenday period of a month in late March to April enter the florescence, and it is 10 ~ 12 DEG C now to control day temperature in garden, Nocturnal temperature is 5 ~ 8 DEG C, and it is 70 ~ 75% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 50 ~ 55%;
(3)Florescence applies fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of ammonium chlorides, 4 parts of potassium fulvates, 2 parts Magnesium chloride, 1 part of glucose, 1.5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.4 part of phenylalanine, 0.3 part of aspartic acid, 85 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution A, apply week about once since the late March, altogether three times;
(4)Bear fruit period management:The first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, early crisp red the operatic circle tree bore fruit successively, now daytime in control garden Temperature is 13 ~ 15 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 7 ~ 10 DEG C, and it is 75 ~ 80% to control in garden day relative humidity, night relative humidity is 55 ~ 60%;
(5)Period is applied fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:13 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.6 part of phenylalanine, 0.9 part of threonine, 0.6 part of Bao Man rhzomorph, 0.8 part of Pyrolin, 3 parts of China tree leaf extracts, 70 parts of water, Nutrient solution B is configured to, is applied week about once since the mid-April, four times altogether.
Further, step(3)Described nutrient solution A compound method is:First by 7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of ammonium chlorides, 4 parts After potassium fulvate, 2 parts of magnesium chlorides are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 85 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred.
Further, step(5)Described nutrient solution B compound method is:First by 13 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs, After 5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.6 part of phenylalanine, 0.9 part of threonine are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 70 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred Mix uniformly.
Further, step(5)Described China tree leaf extract is that Folium Meliae is put in 95% ethanol solution, control temperature Spend for 35 ~ 45 DEG C, after extracting 18h, extract solution is concentrated into water content as 16 ~ 18%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is prevented and treated black spot using the conventional chemical agent that sprays.
Control group
This control group does not use any any special measures to carry out interference preventing and treating to black spot, allows early crisp red pears to grow naturally.
Quadrennial early crisp red pears are chosen as experimental subjects, four pieces of plantation field isolation implants closed on is chosen, uses respectively Embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the method for comparative example 1 and control group are cultivated early crisp red pears, the fruit tree of mid-July investigation then It is as shown in the table with the situation of fruit, its statistics:
Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Comparative example 1 Control group
Fruit tree black spot illness rate(%) 9.3 9.5 8.2 32.4
Pears yield(Kg/ mus) 2875 2860 2990 2250
Soluble solid content(%) 13.21 13.16 12.37 11.54
Fruit indulges footpath(cm) 7.42 7.43 6.85 6.04
Fruit transverse diameter(cm) 6.02 6.04 5.68 5.37
Thus table, which can be seen that the inventive method, can preferably prevent and treat early crisp red Pear black spot, and the per mu yield of pears also compared with Height, the growth of pathogen is limited by the nutrient solution A and B for controlling the growing environment of early crisp red pears and applying, significant effect, because Harmful chemical substance is not used, so the fruit quality of output is safe and healthy, pollution-free, the condition and quality of fruit have Lifting, the great market competitiveness.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
    (1)Clear garden sterilization:Late February the residual branch in orchard is lost into leaf and sort out garden, and mu is applied 25 ~ 35kg quick limes and disappeared Poison;
    (2)Blooming period management:The first tenday period of a month in late March to April enter the florescence, and it is 10 ~ 12 DEG C now to control day temperature in garden, night Temperature is 5 ~ 8 DEG C, and it is 65 ~ 75% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 45 ~ 55%;
    (3)Florescence applies fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 ~ 5 parts of potassium fulvates, 1 ~ 3 parts of magnesium chlorides, 1 ~ 2 part of glucose, 1 ~ 2 part of calcium lactate, 0.2 ~ 0.5 part of phenylalanine, 0.1 ~ 0.4 part of aspartic acid, 50 ~ 100 Part water, is configured to nutrient solution A, applies week about once since the late March, altogether three times;
    (4)Bear fruit period management:The first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, early crisp red the operatic circle tree bore fruit successively, now day temperature in control garden For 13 ~ 15 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 7 ~ 10 DEG C, and it is 70 ~ 80% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 50 ~ 60%;
    (5)Period is applied fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:10 ~ 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 2 ~ 5 parts of lactic acid Calcium, 0.5 ~ 1 part of phenylalanine, 0.5 ~ 1 part of threonine, 0.3 ~ 0.8 part of Bao Man rhzomorph, 0.5 ~ 1 part of Pyrolin, 1 ~ 3 portion of China tree Leaf extract, 60 ~ 80 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution B, apply week about once since the mid-April, four times altogether.
  2. A kind of 2. method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3)Described nutrient solution A compound method is:First by 5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 ~ 5 parts of potassium fulvates, 1 ~ 3 part After magnesium chloride is sufficiently mixed uniformly with 50 ~ 100 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred.
  3. A kind of 3. method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5)Described nutrient solution B compound method is:First by 10 ~ 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 2 ~ 5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.5 ~ After 1 part of phenylalanine, 0.5 ~ 1 part of threonine are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 60 ~ 80 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred i.e. Can.
  4. A kind of 4. method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5)Described China tree leaf extract is that Folium Meliae is put in 95% ethanol solution, and it is 35 ~ 45 DEG C to control temperature, extracts 15 ~ 18h Afterwards, extract solution is concentrated into water content as 16 ~ 18%.
CN201610129518.4A 2016-03-08 2016-03-08 A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot Active CN105766516B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106748234A (en) * 2016-12-31 2017-05-31 孙明宗 A kind of cauliflower nutrient solution
CN107027570A (en) * 2017-03-21 2017-08-11 枞阳县弘阳园林绿化有限公司 A kind of method for planting for preventing and treating flowering plum black spot

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CN103749232A (en) * 2013-12-04 2014-04-30 张家港市塘桥果艺园 High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for crystal pears
CN104303939A (en) * 2014-11-14 2015-01-28 贵州山里红果蔬开发有限公司 Planting method of ecological pear

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CN104303939A (en) * 2014-11-14 2015-01-28 贵州山里红果蔬开发有限公司 Planting method of ecological pear

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