A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of planting, and in particular to a kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot.
Background technology
Early crisp red pears are the bud mutation kinds of precocious strains, and variation features are:Tender leaf is purplish red, and pear flower is pink, and young fruit is entirely red, after ripe
Fruit bar is red;Its fruit thin skin meat is crisp, and core is small, and edible rate is high, and taste is dense and sweet tea, soluble solid content 12 ~ 14%, containing sugar
Amount 11 ~ 12.5%, quality is first-class, has the excellent in shape and mouthfeel of precocious strains, " fruit is described as by the well-known expert of fruit tree circle
Industry wonder, pears product wonderful work ".Because of its excellent outward appearance and quality, liking and planting for more and more people has been obtained.
During the early crisp red pears of plantation, black spot is a kind of common frequently-occurring disease, main harm fruit, blade and new
The tip, it is one of three major diseases of pears, is infected and caused by the alternaric bacteria (Alternaria alternata) of fungi, can typically made
The fruit underproduction 20 ~ 30%, the severe one meeting underproduction 50 ~ 60%, harmfulness is larger.People rely primarily on chemical agent and prevented and treated at present,
Typically 0.3% penta sodium pentachlorophenate of spray adds 5Be lime sulfur mixed liquors before tree body is germinateed, and sprays 200 times of lime times after fallen flowers again
Amount formula Bordeaux mixture, or 50% ambam, 1000 times of liquid, 600 to 800 times of liquid of Tuzet wettable powder, 10% Polyoxin are wettable
Property 1000 to 1500 times of liquid of pulvis, but the spraying times of this mode are not easy excessively, to exist and present environmental risks and cause medicine residual
The hidden danger stayed, it is impossible to which green, non-harmful fruit is produced in guarantee, is unfavorable for the healthy, sustainable of whole early crisp red pears industry
Development.Therefore it is urgent problem to be solved to seek a kind of method of safe and healthy prevention black spot.
The growth of alternaric bacteria and spread speed and natural environmental condition, nutriment composition etc. are closely bound up, black to pears
The result of study of pinta pathogenic fungus Alternaria tenuis Nees (Alternaria alternata) biological characteristics shows that growth of pathogenic bacteria is fitted
Suitable temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, and optimum temperature is 28 DEG C, and the optimum temperature of spore germination is 28 DEG C;Pathogen suitable growth is relatively wet
Spend for 50% ~ 100%, the most suitable growth relative humidity is 98% ~ 100%, and spore germination optimal pH value is 7 ~ 8, and different nutrients
The promotion and inhibition of matter and composition to it have difference.When pathogen infection host cell wall, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-β-half can be produced
Newborn dextranase, if cell membrane depauperation can accelerate parasitic speed, the state of an illness aggravating, K element is more in usual infected plant,
Cell membrane depauperation.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, foundation
The biological characteristics of Alternaria alternata caused occurrence alternaric bacteria and the flowering fruit bearing stage growth to early crisp red pears is reasonably managed, drop significantly
The low sick hair rate of black spot, method have safe, practical, non-harmful feature.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, comprises the following steps:
(1)Clear garden sterilization:Late February the residual branch in orchard is lost into leaf and sort out garden, and mu is applied 25 ~ 35kg quick limes and entered
Row sterilization;
(2)Blooming period management:The first tenday period of a month in late March to April enter the florescence, and it is 10 ~ 12 DEG C now to control day temperature in garden,
Nocturnal temperature is 5 ~ 8 DEG C, and it is 65 ~ 75% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 45 ~ 55%;
(3)Florescence applies fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 ~ 5 parts of fulvic acids
Potassium, 1 ~ 3 part of magnesium chloride, 1 ~ 2 part of glucose, 1 ~ 2 part of calcium lactate, 0.2 ~ 0.5 part of phenylalanine, 0.1 ~ 0.4 part of aspartic acid, 50
~ 100 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution A, apply week about once since the late March, altogether three times;
(4)Bear fruit period management:The first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, early crisp red the operatic circle tree bore fruit successively, now daytime in control garden
Temperature is 13 ~ 15 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 7 ~ 10 DEG C, and it is 70 ~ 80% to control in garden day relative humidity, night relative humidity is 50 ~
60%;
(5)Period is applied fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:10 ~ 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 2 ~ 5 parts
Calcium lactate, 0.5 ~ 1 part of phenylalanine, 0.5 ~ 1 part of threonine, 0.3 ~ 0.8 part of Bao Man rhzomorph, 0.5 ~ 1 part of Pyrolin, 1 ~ 3 part
China tree leaf extract, 60 ~ 80 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution B, apply week about once since the mid-April, four times altogether
.
Further, step(3)Described nutrient solution A compound method is:First by 5 ~ 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 3 parts of chlorinations
After ammonium, 2 ~ 5 parts of potassium fulvates, 1 ~ 3 part of magnesium chloride are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 50 ~ 100 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred
It is even.
Further, step(5)Described nutrient solution B compound method is:It is first that 10 ~ 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 ~ 4 parts of D- are sweet
After dew sugar, 2 ~ 5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.5 ~ 1 part of phenylalanine, 0.5 ~ 1 part of threonine are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 60 ~ 80 parts of water, then will
Residual components are added and stirred.
Further, step(5)Described China tree leaf extract is that Folium Meliae is put in 95% ethanol solution, control temperature
Spend for 35 ~ 45 DEG C, after extracting 15 ~ 18h, extract solution is concentrated into water content as 16 ~ 18%.
The present invention has the advantages that:
(1)At the florescence of early crisp red pears, that is, sprouting initial stage of Alternaria alternata caused occurrence alternaric bacteria, strict control are early crisp red
The growing environment condition of pears, and coordinate nutrient solution A application so that a part of pathogen can not grow death, and suppress very well
The growth and propagation of another part pathogen, reduce initial pathogen quantity.
(2)In the period of early crisp red pears, that is, the growth of Alternaria alternata caused occurrence alternaric bacteria, the outbreak period is propagated, controlled
While system early crisp red pears growing environment condition, it be with the addition of in compounding application nutrient solution B, nutrient solution B with work of directly tagging
Natural extract Bao Man rhzomorphs, Pyrolin and China tree leaf extract so that most of pathogen can not grow death, enter
One step reduces the sick hair rate of early crisp red Pear black spot.
(3)Contain more calcium constituent in the nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B of addition, to strengthen the development of cell membrane, simultaneously
Prevent the excessive consumption of potassium element, strengthen the resistance of plant, ammonium sulfate, threonine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine are to pathogen
It is respectively provided with inhibitory action, Bao Man rhzomorphs, Pyrolin and China tree leaf extract are natural extracts, safe to use, noresidue,
There is difference the additive for suppressing composition to cooperate, and enhance the suppression to pathogen and killing effect, and will not make its production
The raw resistance to the action of a drug, using effect are obvious.
(4)The present invention is strictly controlled early crisp red pear flower fruiting period growth phase environmental condition, and is applied with to cause of disease
Bacterium plays the nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B of inhibitory action, and in the case where material and environmental condition constrain jointly, early crisp red pears is black
The pinta incidence of disease substantially reduces, and the condition and quality of fruit also get a promotion, and method safety, practicality, nuisanceless.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, comprises the following steps:
(1)Clear garden sterilization:Late February the residual branch in orchard is lost into leaf and sort out garden, and mu is applied 25 ~ 35kg quick limes and entered
Row sterilization;
(2)Blooming period management:The first tenday period of a month in late March to April enter the florescence, and it is 10 ~ 12 DEG C now to control day temperature in garden,
Nocturnal temperature is 5 ~ 8 DEG C, and it is 65 ~ 75% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 45 ~ 55%;
(3)Florescence applies fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 parts of potassium fulvates, 1 part
Magnesium chloride, 2 parts of glucose, 2 parts of calcium lactates, 0.4 part of phenylalanine, 0.3 part of aspartic acid, 100 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution A,
Apply week about once since the late March, altogether three times;
(4)Bear fruit period management:The first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, early crisp red the operatic circle tree bore fruit successively, now daytime in control garden
Temperature is 13 ~ 15 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 7 ~ 10 DEG C, and it is 70 ~ 80% to control in garden day relative humidity, night relative humidity is 50 ~
60%;
(5)Period is applied fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 4 parts of calcium lactates,
0.8 part of phenylalanine, 0.7 part of threonine, 0.6 part of Bao Man rhzomorph, 1 part of Pyrolin, 2 parts of China tree leaf extracts, 65 parts of water, match somebody with somebody
Nutrient solution B is made, applies week about once since the mid-April, four times altogether.
Further, step(3)Described nutrient solution A compound method is:First by 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of ammonium chlorides, 2 parts
After potassium fulvate, 1 part of magnesium chloride are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 100 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred.
Further, step(5)Described nutrient solution B compound method is:First by 12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of D-MANNOSEs,
After 4 parts of calcium lactates, 0.8 part of phenylalanine, 0.7 part of threonine are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 65 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred
Mix uniformly.
Further, step(5)Described China tree leaf extract is that Folium Meliae is put in 95% ethanol solution, control temperature
Spend for 35 ~ 45 DEG C, after extracting 15h, extract solution is concentrated into water content as 16 ~ 18%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of early crisp red pear flower fruiting period prevention black spot, comprises the following steps:
(1)Clear garden sterilization:Late February the residual branch in orchard is lost into leaf and sort out garden, and mu is applied 25 ~ 35kg quick limes and entered
Row sterilization;
(2)Blooming period management:The first tenday period of a month in late March to April enter the florescence, and it is 10 ~ 12 DEG C now to control day temperature in garden,
Nocturnal temperature is 5 ~ 8 DEG C, and it is 70 ~ 75% to control day relative humidity in garden, and night relative humidity is 50 ~ 55%;
(3)Florescence applies fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of ammonium chlorides, 4 parts of potassium fulvates, 2 parts
Magnesium chloride, 1 part of glucose, 1.5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.4 part of phenylalanine, 0.3 part of aspartic acid, 85 parts of water, are configured to nutrient solution
A, apply week about once since the late March, altogether three times;
(4)Bear fruit period management:The first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May, early crisp red the operatic circle tree bore fruit successively, now daytime in control garden
Temperature is 13 ~ 15 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 7 ~ 10 DEG C, and it is 75 ~ 80% to control in garden day relative humidity, night relative humidity is 55 ~
60%;
(5)Period is applied fertilizer:Weigh the material of following parts by weight:13 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs, 5 parts of calcium lactates,
0.6 part of phenylalanine, 0.9 part of threonine, 0.6 part of Bao Man rhzomorph, 0.8 part of Pyrolin, 3 parts of China tree leaf extracts, 70 parts of water,
Nutrient solution B is configured to, is applied week about once since the mid-April, four times altogether.
Further, step(3)Described nutrient solution A compound method is:First by 7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of ammonium chlorides, 4 parts
After potassium fulvate, 2 parts of magnesium chlorides are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 85 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred.
Further, step(5)Described nutrient solution B compound method is:First by 13 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of D-MANNOSEs,
After 5 parts of calcium lactates, 0.6 part of phenylalanine, 0.9 part of threonine are sufficiently mixed uniformly with 70 parts of water, then residual components are added and stirred
Mix uniformly.
Further, step(5)Described China tree leaf extract is that Folium Meliae is put in 95% ethanol solution, control temperature
Spend for 35 ~ 45 DEG C, after extracting 18h, extract solution is concentrated into water content as 16 ~ 18%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is prevented and treated black spot using the conventional chemical agent that sprays.
Control group
This control group does not use any any special measures to carry out interference preventing and treating to black spot, allows early crisp red pears to grow naturally.
Quadrennial early crisp red pears are chosen as experimental subjects, four pieces of plantation field isolation implants closed on is chosen, uses respectively
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the method for comparative example 1 and control group are cultivated early crisp red pears, the fruit tree of mid-July investigation then
It is as shown in the table with the situation of fruit, its statistics:
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Comparative example 1 | Control group |
Fruit tree black spot illness rate(%) | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.2 | 32.4 |
Pears yield(Kg/ mus) | 2875 | 2860 | 2990 | 2250 |
Soluble solid content(%) | 13.21 | 13.16 | 12.37 | 11.54 |
Fruit indulges footpath(cm) | 7.42 | 7.43 | 6.85 | 6.04 |
Fruit transverse diameter(cm) | 6.02 | 6.04 | 5.68 | 5.37 |
Thus table, which can be seen that the inventive method, can preferably prevent and treat early crisp red Pear black spot, and the per mu yield of pears also compared with
Height, the growth of pathogen is limited by the nutrient solution A and B for controlling the growing environment of early crisp red pears and applying, significant effect, because
Harmful chemical substance is not used, so the fruit quality of output is safe and healthy, pollution-free, the condition and quality of fruit have
Lifting, the great market competitiveness.