CN103749232A - High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for crystal pears - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for crystal pears Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for crystal pears. The method comprises the following steps: selecting loam and sandy loam which are fertile, deep in surface soil layers and high in water permeability and water-retaining property; selecting strong seedlings which are over 0.8 meter in heights and have complete root systems during field planting; filling surface oil around the root systems while slightly lifting the seedlings to hermetically connect roots and the soil during filling of soil; filling subsoil into the upper layers of holes; compacting by treading, watering and covering the tree bases with 10-20 centimeters of weeds; spraying acetochlor, metolachlor and like three times every year after tree planting to prevent and remove weeds, wherein 0.2 percent of borax, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 percent of urea are sprayed once respectively at a flower bud period to protect flowers and fruits, and 0.3 percent of borax is sprayed once when the flowers bloom by two thirds to protect the flowers and the fruits. Specific to prevention and control of diseases and pests, biological prevention and control are promoted on the basis of agricultural and physical prevention and control, and chemical pesticides are used scientifically, thereby reducing the plant diseases and insect pests within an economically-affordable range.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to plant cultivation field, specifically a kind of crystal pears high grade producing cultivation method.
Background technology
Crystal pear fruit is spheroidal or oblateness, 385 grams of average fruit masses, maximum 560 grams.Milk yellow during the nearly maturation of pericarp, surface is sparking and bright, has transparent feel, and outward appearance is tempting.Pulp white, meat is fine and smooth, and fine and close tender crisp, juice is many, soluble solid content 14%, lithocyte is few, and core is little, and taste is sweet, aromatic flavour, quality spy is excellent.Adopt non-pollution cultivation technique, can further improve fruit quality and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of crystal pears high grade producing cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
Field is selected: select loam and sand loam fertile, that topsoil dark, water-permeable and water retention is good, in addition, pH value all can be cultivated at the soil of 5.8-8.5, but better with faintly acid soil or alkalescent soil, choose behind location, garden, by north-south, carry out planning to build garden, and note suitable wind sheltering;
Seedling planting: before seedling planting, first by seeding row spacing 2m*3 m, determine planting point, again centered by planting point, dig length, wide, deeply be the planting hole of 80 c m, cave soil is placed respectively by table soil and cubsoil, often spread manuer in holes into farmyard manure 20k g, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.8k g, more than selecting height 0.8 m, the strong sprout that root system is complete, while banketing, first table soil is filled out around root system, while banketing, gently carry nursery stock, root soil is connected airtight, finally cubsoil is filled out to the upper strata in cave, after having peace of mind, water permeable, with weeds 10-20 cm overlay tree dish, tree is planted good rear spray Acetochlor, all that waits management of weeds,
Pruning: adopt " Y " diamond training, heading height 60-7 0 c m, after fixed dry by the shoot of 1-2 bud pumping, spreading angle is little, and its inferior division spreading angle is large, can cultivate as major branch, treelet is light pruning suitably, water sprout, the prosperous branch of back, competitive branch suitably removes, all prosperous branches were all removed in the 2nd year, in reservation, brachyplast and leafage branch result, to lacking branch position, summer, heavy cutting back inspired shoot, 1-3 is raw, and more tree stays and brings up branch as far as possible, draw branch by slow putting summer, pinching, particularly to gimmicks such as the continuous pinching of strong prosperous young sprout, promote into colored, life in 3 years is mainly to control apical dominance with the pruning of climbing the tree, to impel in desired site and branch out by bud at quarter, in pruning, note controlling upper strong tree vigo(u)r by the branch of selecting and remain, utilization draws branch fully to take up room, increase setting fruit position, rejuvenation will upgrade in time after result, maintain tree vigo(u)r balance, renewal be take retraction cutting back as main,
Topdress: annual 3 times, topdress for the 1st time and before blooming, carry out before rudiment, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, as urea or carbon ammonia+humic acid fertilizer, account for 1/3 of annual topdressing amount, water afterwards, topdress after spending the 2nd time and fruit expanding period is carried out, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, fertilizing amount accounts for 1/2 of annual topdressing amount, topdress for the 3rd time and carry out to picking time in the nearly maturation of fruit, apply humic acid fertilizer and composite fertilizer, with 100 kilograms of fruits of every production, chase after 0.3 kilogram of purity nitrogen, 0.25 kilogram, pure phosphorus, 0.3 kilogram, pure potassium, fertilizing amount accounts for 1/2 of annual topdressing amount, after fertilising, pour water in time, foliage spray: annual 4 ~ 5 times, growth 2 times in earlier stage, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, later stage 2 ~ 3 times, take phosphorus, potash fertilizer as main, conventional spraying concentration: urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.3%, borax 0.1% ~ 0.3%.Last 1 spray leaf fertilizer is carrying out before 20 days apart from fruit harvesting;
Flower and fruit management: flower and fruit protecting sprays respectively 0.2% borax, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea 1 time at bud stage, sprays 0.3% borax 1 time at 2/3 o'clock the flowers are in blossom, with flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning: pear tree bud easily forms, the fruit-setting rate of blooming is higher, Chang Yin bears fruit and too much occurs biennial fruiting phenomenon, therefore, dredge and remove unnecessary flower, really, the contradiction of growth regulation and result, to prevent biennial bearing, reach the effective measures of high and stable yield high-quality, before the 1st time flower thinning shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after buddingging, do not carry out, only stay 4 of peripheral healthy full bud 3 credits of inflorescence, the 2nd time flower thinning carries out at full-bloom stage, what the growth of only selecting and remain was intact spends 1, the 1st fruit thinning thank spend after 20 d carry out, the 2nd fruit thinning thank spend after 25 credit 30 d carry out, every 20 cm left and right, stay 2 fruits of 1 credit, finally leaf-fruit ratio is controlled to 25 credit 30 chins or cheeks 1, a little less than specific practice institute tree, the tree that fruit is many, early dredge ruthless dredging, set prosperous, the tree that fruit is few, dredge few dredging evening, the weak branch of interior thorax, dredge stayed less, peripheral enriching shoot, stay less more and dredge, accomplish to stay large fruit, dredge fruitlet, stay fruit, dredge sick wormed fruit, malformed fruit, stay limit fruit, the center of dredging fruit, it is 15 of lifes in 3 years that every strain tree stays fruit standard, 50 of lifes in 4 years, 120 of life in 5 years 100 credits,
Diseases and pests controlling: take cultural control and physical control as basis, advocate biological control, science is used chemical pesticide, damage by disease and insect is reduced in economic injury level, after spending, in 1 month, carry out bagging, protection fruit face, prevent the generation of fruit russeting, the extermination of disease and insect pest should be to put prevention first, before rudiment, strike off the sick skin of limb, be coated with 9281 disinfection protections, and sick skin is burnt, trunk, branch spray 3～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, to kill the germ worm's ovum of surviving the winter, reduce disease worm hibernating base, eliminate dry rot, rot, the pathogenies such as ring spot, for the control whole year is laid a solid foundation, after Germination to Frondescent, orchard is maked an inspection tour in running check, wipe out the sick leaf of disease branch, buried, scab, ring spot, black spot, 800 times of liquid of sprayed thiophanate methyl that rust morbidity is heavy, leaf diseases should spray the controls such as No. 3, young urea and decis of going out in time, to alleviate harm, the hawthron spider mite adult that survives the winter, come out of hibernation 60%, in the time of 100%, respectively spray 8000 times of acetamiprids 1 time, control two spotted spider mite.Spray 1500 times of farm chemical for control of moth and mite, control oriental fruit moth, with the little adult of gyplure trapping pears, by 40 meters * 40 meters, hang a trapper, monthly change 1 time and lure core, theatre scale insect active stage, 2000 times of spray decises, the height of inflorescence separation period spray 2.5% oozes 1500 times of pyrrole worm woodss, control pears aphid, comes out of hibernation while laying eggs the pear sucker adult that survives the winter, spray 5% acetamiprid, 8000 times, adopt and discontinue medication for first 30 days.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A crystal pears high grade producing cultivation cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
Field is selected: select loam and sand loam fertile, that topsoil dark, water-permeable and water retention is good, in addition, pH value all can be cultivated at the soil of 5.8-8.5, but better with faintly acid soil or alkalescent soil, choose behind location, garden, by north-south, carry out planning to build garden, and note suitable wind sheltering;
Seedling planting: before seedling planting, first by seeding row spacing 2m*3 m, determine planting point, again centered by planting point, dig length, wide, deeply be the planting hole of 80 c m, cave soil is placed respectively by table soil and cubsoil, often spread manuer in holes into farmyard manure 20k g, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.8k g, more than selecting height 0.8 m, the strong sprout that root system is complete, while banketing, first table soil is filled out around root system, while banketing, gently carry nursery stock, root soil is connected airtight, finally cubsoil is filled out to the upper strata in cave, after having peace of mind, water permeable, with weeds 10-20 cm overlay tree dish, tree is planted good rear spray Acetochlor, all that waits management of weeds,
Pruning: adopt " Y " diamond training, heading height 60-7 0 c m, after fixed dry by the shoot of 1-2 bud pumping, spreading angle is little, and its inferior division spreading angle is large, can cultivate as major branch, treelet is light pruning suitably, water sprout, the prosperous branch of back, competitive branch suitably removes, all prosperous branches were all removed in the 2nd year, in reservation, brachyplast and leafage branch result, to lacking branch position, summer, heavy cutting back inspired shoot, 1-3 is raw, and more tree stays and brings up branch as far as possible, draw branch by slow putting summer, pinching, particularly to gimmicks such as the continuous pinching of strong prosperous young sprout, promote into colored, life in 3 years is mainly to control apical dominance with the pruning of climbing the tree, to impel in desired site and branch out by bud at quarter, in pruning, note controlling upper strong tree vigo(u)r by the branch of selecting and remain, utilization draws branch fully to take up room, increase setting fruit position, rejuvenation will upgrade in time after result, maintain tree vigo(u)r balance, renewal be take retraction cutting back as main,
Topdress: annual 3 times, topdress for the 1st time and before blooming, carry out before rudiment, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, as urea or carbon ammonia+humic acid fertilizer, account for 1/3 of annual topdressing amount, water afterwards, topdress after spending the 2nd time and fruit expanding period is carried out, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, fertilizing amount accounts for 1/2 of annual topdressing amount, topdress for the 3rd time and carry out to picking time in the nearly maturation of fruit, apply humic acid fertilizer and composite fertilizer, with 100 kilograms of fruits of every production, chase after 0.3 kilogram of purity nitrogen, 0.25 kilogram, pure phosphorus, 0.3 kilogram, pure potassium, fertilizing amount accounts for 1/2 of annual topdressing amount, after fertilising, pour water in time, foliage spray: annual 4 ~ 5 times, growth 2 times in earlier stage, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, later stage 2 ~ 3 times, take phosphorus, potash fertilizer as main, conventional spraying concentration: urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.3%, borax 0.1% ~ 0.3%.Last 1 spray leaf fertilizer is carrying out before 20 days apart from fruit harvesting;
Flower and fruit management: flower and fruit protecting sprays respectively 0.2% borax, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea 1 time at bud stage, sprays 0.3% borax 1 time at 2/3 o'clock the flowers are in blossom, with flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning: pear tree bud easily forms, the fruit-setting rate of blooming is higher, Chang Yin bears fruit and too much occurs biennial fruiting phenomenon, therefore, dredge and remove unnecessary flower, really, the contradiction of growth regulation and result, to prevent biennial bearing, reach the effective measures of high and stable yield high-quality, before the 1st time flower thinning shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after buddingging, do not carry out, only stay 4 of peripheral healthy full bud 3 credits of inflorescence, the 2nd time flower thinning carries out at full-bloom stage, what the growth of only selecting and remain was intact spends 1, the 1st fruit thinning thank spend after 20 d carry out, the 2nd fruit thinning thank spend after 25 credit 30 d carry out, every 20 cm left and right, stay 2 fruits of 1 credit, finally leaf-fruit ratio is controlled to 25 credit 30 chins or cheeks 1, a little less than specific practice institute tree, the tree that fruit is many, early dredge ruthless dredging, set prosperous, the tree that fruit is few, dredge few dredging evening, the weak branch of interior thorax, dredge stayed less, peripheral enriching shoot, stay less more and dredge, accomplish to stay large fruit, dredge fruitlet, stay fruit, dredge sick wormed fruit, malformed fruit, stay limit fruit, the center of dredging fruit, it is 15 of lifes in 3 years that every strain tree stays fruit standard, 50 of lifes in 4 years, 120 of life in 5 years 100 credits,
Diseases and pests controlling: take cultural control and physical control as basis, advocate biological control, science is used chemical pesticide, damage by disease and insect is reduced in economic injury level, after spending, in 1 month, carry out bagging, protection fruit face, prevent the generation of fruit russeting, the extermination of disease and insect pest should be to put prevention first, before rudiment, strike off the sick skin of limb, be coated with 9281 disinfection protections, and sick skin is burnt, trunk, branch spray 3～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, to kill the germ worm's ovum of surviving the winter, reduce disease worm hibernating base, eliminate dry rot, rot, the pathogenies such as ring spot, for the control whole year is laid a solid foundation, after Germination to Frondescent, orchard is maked an inspection tour in running check, wipe out the sick leaf of disease branch, buried, scab, ring spot, black spot, 800 times of liquid of sprayed thiophanate methyl that rust morbidity is heavy, leaf diseases should spray the controls such as No. 3, young urea and decis of going out in time, to alleviate harm, the hawthron spider mite adult that survives the winter, come out of hibernation 60%, in the time of 100%, respectively spray 8000 times of acetamiprids 1 time, control two spotted spider mite.Spray 1500 times of farm chemical for control of moth and mite, control oriental fruit moth, with the little adult of gyplure trapping pears, by 40 meters * 40 meters, hang a trapper, monthly change 1 time and lure core, theatre scale insect active stage, 2000 times of spray decises, the height of inflorescence separation period spray 2.5% oozes 1500 times of pyrrole worm woodss, control pears aphid, comes out of hibernation while laying eggs the pear sucker adult that survives the winter, spray 5% acetamiprid, 8000 times, adopt and discontinue medication for first 30 days.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction; The those of ordinary skill of all industry all can by specification described in and implement swimmingly the present invention; But all those skilled in the art are not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, can utilize disclosed above technology contents and a little change, the modification of making and the equivalent variations developing, be equivalent embodiment of the present invention; Meanwhile, the change of any equivalent variations that all foundations essence technology of the present invention is done above embodiment, modification and differentiation etc., within all still belonging to the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a crystal pears high grade producing cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
Field is selected: select loam and sand loam fertile, that topsoil dark, water-permeable and water retention is good, in addition, pH value all can be cultivated at the soil of 5.8-8.5, but better with faintly acid soil or alkalescent soil, choose behind location, garden, by north-south, carry out planning to build garden, and note suitable wind sheltering;
Seedling planting: before seedling planting, first by seeding row spacing 2m*3 m, determine planting point, again centered by planting point, dig length, wide, deeply be the planting hole of 80 c m, cave soil is placed respectively by table soil and cubsoil, often spread manuer in holes into farmyard manure 20k g, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.8k g, more than selecting height 0.8 m, the strong sprout that root system is complete, while banketing, first table soil is filled out around root system, while banketing, gently carry nursery stock, root soil is connected airtight, finally cubsoil is filled out to the upper strata in cave, after having peace of mind, water permeable, with weeds 10-20 cm overlay tree dish, tree is planted good rear spray Acetochlor, all that waits management of weeds,
Pruning: adopt " Y " diamond training, heading height 60-7 0 c m, after fixed dry by the shoot of 1-2 bud pumping, spreading angle is little, and its inferior division spreading angle is large, can cultivate as major branch, treelet is light pruning suitably, water sprout, the prosperous branch of back, competitive branch suitably removes, all prosperous branches were all removed in the 2nd year, in reservation, brachyplast and leafage branch result, to lacking branch position, summer, heavy cutting back inspired shoot, 1-3 is raw, and more tree stays and brings up branch as far as possible, draw branch by slow putting summer, pinching, particularly to gimmicks such as the continuous pinching of strong prosperous young sprout, promote into colored, life in 3 years is mainly to control apical dominance with the pruning of climbing the tree, to impel in desired site and branch out by bud at quarter, in pruning, note controlling upper strong tree vigo(u)r by the branch of selecting and remain, utilization draws branch fully to take up room, increase setting fruit position, rejuvenation will upgrade in time after result, maintain tree vigo(u)r balance, renewal be take retraction cutting back as main,
Topdress: annual 3 times, topdress for the 1st time and before blooming, carry out before rudiment, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, as urea or carbon ammonia+humic acid fertilizer, account for 1/3 of annual topdressing amount, water afterwards, topdress after spending the 2nd time and fruit expanding period is carried out, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, fertilizing amount accounts for 1/2 of annual topdressing amount, topdress for the 3rd time and carry out to picking time in the nearly maturation of fruit, apply humic acid fertilizer and composite fertilizer, with 100 kilograms of fruits of every production, chase after 0.3 kilogram of purity nitrogen, 0.25 kilogram, pure phosphorus, 0.3 kilogram, pure potassium, fertilizing amount accounts for 1/2 of annual topdressing amount, after fertilising, pour water in time, foliage spray: annual 4 ~ 5 times, growth 2 times in earlier stage, take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, later stage 2 ~ 3 times, take phosphorus, potash fertilizer as main, conventional spraying concentration: urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.3%, borax 0.1% ~ 0.3%, last 1 spray leaf fertilizer is carrying out before 20 days apart from fruit harvesting,
Flower and fruit management: flower and fruit protecting sprays respectively 0.2% borax, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea 1 time at bud stage, sprays 0.3% borax 1 time at 2/3 o'clock the flowers are in blossom, with flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning: pear tree bud easily forms, the fruit-setting rate of blooming is higher, Chang Yin bears fruit and too much occurs biennial fruiting phenomenon, therefore, dredge and remove unnecessary flower, really, the contradiction of growth regulation and result, to prevent biennial bearing, reach the effective measures of high and stable yield high-quality, before the 1st time flower thinning shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after buddingging, do not carry out, only stay 4 of peripheral healthy full bud 3 credits of inflorescence, the 2nd time flower thinning carries out at full-bloom stage, what the growth of only selecting and remain was intact spends 1, the 1st fruit thinning thank spend after 20 d carry out, the 2nd fruit thinning thank spend after 25 credit 30 d carry out, every 20 cm left and right, stay 2 fruits of 1 credit, finally leaf-fruit ratio is controlled to 25 credit 30 chins or cheeks 1, a little less than specific practice institute tree, the tree that fruit is many, early dredge ruthless dredging, set prosperous, the tree that fruit is few, dredge few dredging evening, the weak branch of interior thorax, dredge stayed less, peripheral enriching shoot, stay less more and dredge, accomplish to stay large fruit, dredge fruitlet, stay fruit, dredge sick wormed fruit, malformed fruit, stay limit fruit, the center of dredging fruit, it is 15 of lifes in 3 years that every strain tree stays fruit standard, 50 of lifes in 4 years, 120 of life in 5 years 100 credits,
Diseases and pests controlling: take cultural control and physical control as basis, advocate biological control, science is used chemical pesticide, damage by disease and insect is reduced in economic injury level, after spending, in 1 month, carry out bagging, protection fruit face, prevent the generation of fruit russeting, the extermination of disease and insect pest should be to put prevention first, before rudiment, strike off the sick skin of limb, be coated with 9281 disinfection protections, and sick skin is burnt, trunk, branch spray 3～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, to kill the germ worm's ovum of surviving the winter, reduce disease worm hibernating base, eliminate dry rot, rot, the pathogenies such as ring spot, for the control whole year is laid a solid foundation, after Germination to Frondescent, orchard is maked an inspection tour in running check, wipe out the sick leaf of disease branch, buried, scab, ring spot, black spot, 800 times of liquid of sprayed thiophanate methyl that rust morbidity is heavy, leaf diseases should spray the controls such as No. 3, young urea and decis of going out in time, to alleviate harm, the hawthron spider mite adult that survives the winter, come out of hibernation 60%, in the time of 100%, respectively spray 8000 times of acetamiprids 1 time, control two spotted spider mite, spray 1500 times of farm chemical for control of moth and mite, control oriental fruit moth, with the little adult of gyplure trapping pears, by 40 meters * 40 meters, hang a trapper, monthly change 1 time and lure core, theatre scale insect active stage, 2000 times of spray decises, the height of inflorescence separation period spray 2.5% oozes 1500 times of pyrrole worm woodss, control pears aphid, comes out of hibernation while laying eggs the pear sucker adult that survives the winter, spray 5% acetamiprid, 8000 times, adopt and discontinue medication for first 30 days.
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| CN104365422A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-25 | 湖北仙仙果品有限公司 | Pear short dense early harvest cultivation method |
| CN104429776A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽久裕农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for late-autumn yellow pears |
| CN104429771A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-25 | 重庆市渝北区茨竹镇放牛坪砂梨种植专业合作社 | Managing method of pear trees |
| CN104429775A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽久裕农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for late-autumn yellow pears |
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| CN107371981A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 南充市嘉陵区集凤镇红瓦房果业合作社 | The cultivating superior high-yield method of Cuiguan pear |
| CN109041993A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-21 | 太仓市金诸农业发展有限公司 | The high-yield planting method of Shuijing Pear |
| CN109392587A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 庐山市环绿时代农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly |
| CN109526335A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-03-29 | 祥云县兆丰农林发展有限责任公司 | A kind of pear tree high yield implantation methods |
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