CN105254416A - Method for returning all sorghum straw to field during harvesting - Google Patents
Method for returning all sorghum straw to field during harvesting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105254416A CN105254416A CN201510659751.9A CN201510659751A CN105254416A CN 105254416 A CN105254416 A CN 105254416A CN 201510659751 A CN201510659751 A CN 201510659751A CN 105254416 A CN105254416 A CN 105254416A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for returning all sorghum straw to a field during harvesting. The method comprises the steps that 1, sorghum straw leaching liquor is adopted as a culture medium to screen out No.7 exclusive bacterial strain sorghum with high composing activity on the sorghum straw; 2, high-density co-culture is carried out on bacteria, bacillus laterosporus, huge bacillus and jelly sample bacillus of the No.7 sorghum through the sorghum straw leaching liquor to obtain special and effective microbiota liquid strains capable of fast growing on the sorghum straw; 3, the sorghum straw is smashed, microwave treatment is carried out, the sorghum straw is mixed into nitrogenous fertilizer, 1%-5% of the special and effective microbiota liquid strains are inoculated in a spraying mode, and after even stirring, the sorghum straw is buried 10 cm to 15 cm below a soil layer in combination with plowing. After the sorghum straw is returned to the field, crops of the next batch can be immediately sown, the yield of the crops of the next batch is increased by 30%-40% than that of crops without returning or topdressing, and good economic benefits and ecological benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to after a kind of Chinese sorghum gathers, the method of total crop return during stalk cutting, concrete finger utilizes machinery and microwave first to carry out physical treatment to broomcorn straw, then special effective microorganism is inoculated, combine total crop return sow second stubble crop then and there of ploughing again, the method for second stubble crop comparable contrast volume increase 30%-40%.
Background technology
China's agricultural is annual produces broomcorn straw about 100,000,000 tons, as feed less than 10%, remaining 9,000 ten thousand tons have mostly been burned.Straw-returning is the stalk directly making feed, as broomcorn straw etc., and a kind of method during direct or accumulation is manured into soil after becoming thoroughly decomposed.Straw-returning can be improved soil property, accelerates immature soil into cultivated land, increase soil fertility.Straw-returning is the well stimulation of a culture fertility of most attention in the world today, while having stopped the topsoil that crop straw burning causes, also have getting fat production-increasing function.
But straw-returning also has its disadvantageous one side, if also the method in field is improper, soil germ also can be caused to increase, crop pest is increased the weight of and be short of seedling, the bad phenomenon such as stiff seedling.If when before harvesting, stubble plants rear stubble, directly ploughed under in soil by stalk, although saving of work and time, become thoroughly decomposed very slow, field is gone back one year in past northeast, within 2 years, rots, within 3 years, just sees the saying of fertilizer efficiency.Direct returning to farmland crop pest also can be caused to increase the weight of and straw decomposing time temperature too high, cause soil dehydration too much and burn that seedling is short of seedling, stiff seedling, etc. bad phenomenon.If in being manured into soil again after accumulation is become thoroughly decomposed, then time-consuming, delay the season of rush-harvesting and rush-planting, reduce straw-returning economic benefit.
Therefore, existing broomcorn straw also field technology exist time-consuming, become thoroughly decomposed slow, easily occur to burn seedling be short of seedling stiff seedling, easily increase the weight of many defects such as sick worm of second stubble crop, need to improve.
Summary of the invention
Become thoroughly decomposed when going back field slowly and the technical problem of burying of carrying disease germs to overcome broomcorn straw, the present inventor, through great many of experiments, invents after a kind of Chinese sorghum gathers finally, stalk then and there also field not disease carrying germ bury, become thoroughly decomposed in soil fast, the straw-returning method that next batch of increasing crop yield amplitude is large.
The present invention includes following step:
(1) to add water 5-10 extract doubly with broomcorn straw, 5 days are buried in 10-15 centimetre of dark rich soil in advance to being collected in, bacterium in still viridant Sorghum Stalk material is optimized cultivates 12-24 hour, streak inoculation is on broomcorn straw extract agar plate, 24-48 hour is cultivated under 28-37 degree temperature condition Celsius, obtain dozens of list bacterium colony, the single colony inoculation of picking is on LB slant medium, obtain a series of pure culture, the repeated screening of laboratory and field test is taken turns through number, finally select and broomcorn straw is become thoroughly decomposed the strongest bacterial isolates of vigor, called after Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacterial strains,
(2) sterile letheen is made with 5-10 times of broomcorn straw extract dull and stereotyped, inoculate Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacteriums, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering respectively, cultivate under 30-37 degree condition Celsius after 48 hours, the bacterium colony of largest diameter in the bacterium colony of picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates, be inoculated on LB slant medium, as the bacterial classification of next round inducing and acclimating.Inducing and acclimating 5-7 time so repeatedly, in the bacterium colony of all picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates at every turn, the bacterium colony of largest diameter is as the bacterial classification of taming inoculation next time.Take turns repeatedly inducing and acclimating through number to cultivate, obtain and can utilize the Side spore genus bacillus of broomcorn straw, bacillus megaterium and the outstanding dissociant pure culture of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering very well;
(3) with transfering loop get Chinese sorghum-No. 7 pure cultures first draw a straight line in the middle of broomcorn straw extract sterile letheen flat board, crossing with the linear vertical that Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is marked respectively with Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering again, in " rich " type, each standardized bar horizontal line.Cultivation results proves that these four kinds of bacterium mixed culture are on broomcorn straw extract flat board, do not have germicidal action mutually, only have some competitive inhibitory effect, can carry out Hybrid NC machine tool;
(4) high-density culture measure is adopted, by Chinese sorghum-No. 7, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and the common Hybrid NC machine tool of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering in 5-10 times of broomcorn straw extract, 30 DEG C-37 DEG C, 200-300 rev/min, 25-35 hour, obtains special effective efficiency micropopulation liquid spawn (cfu=1.5 × 10
10/ ml);
(5) broomcorn straw to be smashed or broken, and with microwave treatment 5-60 second of 915MHz power 30W-60W, play and kill stalk cell, promote straw decomposing, prevent temperature in straw decomposing process too high, cause stiff seedling to be short of seedling, kill the former bacterium of bacterium and worm's ovum, reduce the effect of second stubble crop disease and pest.In the broomcorn straw smashed, admix the nitrogenous fertilizer of 0.1%-0.3%, to avoid decomposing bacteria and crop to the competition of nitrogen, promote that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed in soil;
(6) spraying accesses the special effective microorganism liquid spawn of 1-5% again, makes every gram of broomcorn straw with more than 1,000,000 functional microorganism group cells, mixes rear combination thoroughly and plough, and is imbedded by broomcorn straw in the soil layer under 10 centimetres-15 centimetres, table soil.It is sowed again the seed (or transplanting seedlings) of second stubble crop.
Described Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is bacillus pumilis, and be not the arrangement of connecting rod shape, not producing gemma, be the exclusive bacterial classification of broomcorn straw quick composting, and bacterium culture medium is broomcorn straw extract, energy vigorous growth rapidly on broomcorn straw; Through microwave treatment after broomcorn straw pulverizing, play to kill and kill and wound stalk cytosis, because the material of dead cell is easily bacterially decomposed compared with the material of viable cell, digest process is accelerated.Also because access bacterium in a large number, bacterium becomes dominant bacteria, can suppress the activity of thermophilic actinomycete, therefore during stalk fermentation, temperature can not be too high, causes stiff seedling of being short of seedling.Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering can utilize the nutriment of broomcorn straw to breed, and play certain fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, retired effect in topsoil gong, increase soil fertility further and kill the nematode of root.Add microwave to kill and kill and wound crop pathogens and insect ovum, reduce the disease and pest of second stubble crop.So present method second stubble crop biomass can significantly increase production.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is also:
Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is the exclusive bacterial classification that can make broomcorn straw quick composting that contriver is separated, optimum growth temperature scope 30-37 DEG C, for bacillus pumilis, it is not bacillus cohaerens, during inoculation, the bacterium radix of every gram of stalk surface seeding is large, and bacterium culture medium is broomcorn straw extract, energy vigorous growth rapidly on broomcorn straw;
The present invention is total crop return when broomcorn straw is gathered in the crops, saving of work and time, does not delay Chinese sorghum results and next batch of crop seeding season; Broomcorn straw becomes thoroughly decomposed soon in the ground, and digest process does not form excessive temperature, does not cause and is short of seedling and stiff seedling; Can soil be improved, increase soil fertility, not cause again soil surface characters increase and second stubble crop disease and pest to increase the weight of.Next batch of farm crop than also field, the contrast volume increase of not topdressing reach 30%-40%, there are good economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Microwave treatment can effectively desinsection, sterilization and kill stalk cell, special efficient quick; After Chinese sorghum is gathered, stalk can also field then and there, saving of work and time, does not delay results and next batch of crop seeding season; Stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed soon in the ground, does not almost have direct returning to farmland to cause soil germ to increase, crop pest increase the weight of and straw decomposing time temperature is too high causes soil dehydration too much and burn seedling and to be short of seedling (stiff seedling) phenomenon; Inoculation special effective microorganism liquid spawn in the ground can breed in source using the broomcorn straw pulverized as nutritive substance, makes quickening of becoming thoroughly decomposed; Present method can also increase soil fertility, and Side spore genus bacillus wherein has the effect such as fixed nitrogen, nematicide, and huge gemma bar has the effect of phosphorus decomposing, and the potassium not for crop utilization in soil can be become available potassium by bacillusmusilaginosiengineering; Broomcorn straw of the present invention also Tian Houke sows next batch of farm crop immediately, and next batch of farm crop, than the volume increase 30-40% not going back field, do not topdress, have good economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the method that broomcorn straw goes back field is then and there described in detail.
embodiment 1:
(1) add water with broomcorn straw the extract of 8.5 times, 5 days are buried in 11 centimetres of dark rich soils in advance to being collected in, bacterium in still viridant Sorghum Stalk material is optimized cultivation 23 hours, streak inoculation is on broomcorn straw extract agar plate, cultivate 47 hours under 29 degree of temperature condition Celsius, obtain dozens of list bacterium colony, the single colony inoculation of picking is on LB slant medium, obtain a series of pure culture, the repeated screening of laboratory and field test is taken turns through number, finally select and broomcorn straw is become thoroughly decomposed the strongest bacterial isolates of vigor, called after Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacterial strains,
(2) sterile letheen is made with 5-10 times of broomcorn straw extract dull and stereotyped, inoculate Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacteriums, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering respectively, cultivate under 31 degree of conditions Celsius after 48 hours, the bacterium colony of largest diameter in the bacterium colony of picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates, be inoculated on LB slant medium, as the bacterial classification of next round inducing and acclimating.Inducing and acclimating 7 times so repeatedly, in the bacterium colony of all picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates at every turn, the bacterium colony of largest diameter is as the bacterial classification of taming inoculation next time.Take turns repeatedly inducing and acclimating through number to cultivate, obtain and can utilize the Side spore genus bacillus of broomcorn straw, bacillus megaterium and the outstanding dissociant pure culture of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering very well;
(3) with transfering loop get Chinese sorghum-No. 7 pure cultures first draw a straight line in the middle of broomcorn straw extract sterile letheen flat board, crossing with the linear vertical that Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is marked respectively with Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering again, in " rich " type, each standardized bar horizontal line.Cultivation results proves that these four kinds of bacterium mixed culture are on broomcorn straw extract flat board, do not have germicidal action mutually, only have some competitive inhibitory effect, can carry out Hybrid NC machine tool;
(4) high-density culture measure is adopted, by Chinese sorghum-No. 7, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and the common Hybrid NC machine tool of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering in 6 times of broomcorn straw extracts, 34 DEG C, 250 revs/min, 34 hours, obtain special effective efficiency micropopulation liquid spawn (cfu=1.6 × 10
10/ ml);
(5) broomcorn straw to be smashed or broken, and with microwave treatment 58 second of 915MHz power 50W, play and kill stalk cell, promote straw decomposing, prevent temperature in straw decomposing process too high, cause stiff seedling to be short of seedling, kill the former bacterium of bacterium and worm's ovum, reduce the effect of second stubble crop disease and pest.In the broomcorn straw smashed, admix the nitrogenous fertilizer of 0.11%, to avoid decomposing bacteria and crop to the competition of nitrogen, promote that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed in soil;
(6) to spray again the special effective microorganism liquid spawn of access 4.7%, make every gram of broomcorn straw with more than 1,000,000 functional microorganism group cells, mix rear combination thoroughly and plough, broomcorn straw is imbedded in the soil layer under 14 centimetres, table soil.It is sowed again the seed (or transplanting seedlings) of second stubble crop.
Described Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is bacillus pumilis, and be not the arrangement of connecting rod shape, not producing gemma, is the exclusive bacterial classification of broomcorn straw quick composting, optimum growth temperature scope 30-37 DEG C.
embodiment 2:
(1) add water with broomcorn straw the extract of 5.8 times, 5 days are buried in 14 centimetres of dark rich soils in advance to being collected in, bacterium in still viridant Sorghum Stalk material is optimized cultivation 13 hours, streak inoculation is on broomcorn straw extract agar plate, cultivate 27 hours under 35 degree of temperature condition Celsius, obtain dozens of list bacterium colony, the single colony inoculation of picking is on LB slant medium, obtain a series of pure culture, the repeated screening of laboratory and field test is taken turns through number, finally select and broomcorn straw is become thoroughly decomposed the strongest bacterial isolates of vigor, called after Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacterial strains,
(2) sterile letheen is made with 8.8 times of broomcorn straw extracts dull and stereotyped, inoculate Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacteriums, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering respectively, cultivate under 32 degrees celsius condition after 48 hours, the bacterium colony of largest diameter in the bacterium colony of picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates, be inoculated on LB slant medium, as the bacterial classification of next round inducing and acclimating.Inducing and acclimating 7 times so repeatedly, in the bacterium colony of all picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates at every turn, the bacterium colony of largest diameter is as the bacterial classification of taming inoculation next time.Take turns repeatedly inducing and acclimating through number to cultivate, obtain and can utilize the Side spore genus bacillus of broomcorn straw, bacillus megaterium and the outstanding dissociant pure culture of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering very well;
(3) with transfering loop get Chinese sorghum-No. 7 pure cultures first draw a straight line in the middle of broomcorn straw extract sterile letheen flat board, crossing with the linear vertical that Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is marked respectively with Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering again, in " rich " type, each standardized bar horizontal line.Cultivation results proves that these four kinds of bacterium mixed culture are on broomcorn straw extract flat board, do not have germicidal action mutually, only have some competitive inhibitory effect, can carry out Hybrid NC machine tool;
(4) high-density culture measure is adopted, by Chinese sorghum-No. 7, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and the common Hybrid NC machine tool of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering in 7.5 times of broomcorn straw extracts, 36 DEG C, 280 revs/min, 30 hours, obtain special effective efficiency micropopulation liquid spawn (cfu=1.8 × 10
10/ ml);
(5) broomcorn straw to be smashed or broken, and with microwave treatment 10 second of 915MHz power 45W, play and kill stalk cell, promote straw decomposing, prevent temperature in straw decomposing process too high, cause stiff seedling to be short of seedling, kill the former bacterium of bacterium and worm's ovum, reduce the effect of second stubble crop disease and pest.In the broomcorn straw smashed, admix the nitrogenous fertilizer of 0.24%, to avoid decomposing bacteria and crop to the competition of nitrogen, promote that stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed in soil;
(6) to spray again the special effective microorganism liquid spawn of access 4.2%, make every gram of broomcorn straw with more than 1,000,000 functional microorganism group cells, mix rear combination thoroughly and plough, broomcorn straw is imbedded in the soil layer under 11 centimetres, table soil.It is sowed again the seed (or transplanting seedlings) of second stubble crop.
Described Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is bacillus pumilis, and be not the arrangement of connecting rod shape, not producing gemma, is the exclusive bacterial classification of broomcorn straw quick composting, optimum growth temperature scope 30-37 DEG C.
Claims (2)
1. a method for total crop return when broomcorn straw is gathered in the crops, is characterized in that comprising following step:
(1) to add water 5-10 extract doubly with broomcorn straw, 5 days are buried in 10-15 centimetre of rich soil in advance to being collected in, bacterium in still viridant Sorghum Stalk material is optimized cultivates 12-24 hour, streak inoculation is on broomcorn straw extract agar plate, 24-48 hour is cultivated under 28-37 degree temperature condition Celsius, obtain dozens of list bacterium colony, the single colony inoculation of picking is on LB slant medium, obtain a series of pure culture, the repeated screening of laboratory and field test is taken turns through number, finally select and broomcorn straw is become thoroughly decomposed energetic bacterial isolates, called after Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacterial strains,
(2) sterile letheen is made with 5-10 times of broomcorn straw extract dull and stereotyped, inoculate Chinese sorghum-No. 7 bacteriums, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering respectively, cultivate under 30-37 DEG C of condition after 48 hours, the bacterium colony of largest diameter in the bacterium colony of picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates, be inoculated on LB slant medium, as the bacterial classification of next round inducing and acclimating; Inducing and acclimating 5-7 time so repeatedly, in the bacterium colony of each all picking 4 bacterial classification grow on plates, the bacterium colony of largest diameter is as the bacterial classification of taming inoculation next time, take turns repeatedly inducing and acclimating through number to cultivate, obtain and can utilize the Side spore genus bacillus of broomcorn straw, bacillus megaterium and the outstanding dissociant pure culture of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering very well;
(3) with transfering loop get Chinese sorghum-No. 7 pure cultures first draw a straight line in the middle of broomcorn straw extract sterile letheen flat board, crossing with the linear vertical that Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is marked respectively with Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering again, in " rich " type, each standardized bar horizontal line;
(4) high-density culture measure is adopted, by Chinese sorghum-No. 7, Side spore genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium and the common Hybrid NC machine tool of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering in 5-10 times of broomcorn straw extract, 30-37 degree Celsius, per minute 200-300 turns, cultivate 25-35 hour, obtain special effective efficiency micropopulation liquid spawn, cfu is 1.5 × 10
10/ more than ml;
(5) also with the microwave treatment 5-60 second of 915MHz power 30W-60W after being pulverized by broomcorn straw, in the broomcorn straw smashed, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 0.1%-0.3% is admixed;
(6) the special effective microorganism liquid spawn of spraying access 1-5%, make every gram of broomcorn straw with more than 1,000,000 functional microorganism group liquid cell, mix rear combination thoroughly to plough, broomcorn straw is imbedded in the soil layer under 10 centimetres-15 centimetres, table soil, it is sowed seed or the transplanting seedlings of second stubble crop again.
2. the method for total crop return when broomcorn straw is gathered in the crops according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Chinese sorghum-No. 7 is bacillus pumilis, is not the arrangement of connecting rod shape, does not produce gemma; Optimum growth temperature scope 30-37 DEG C.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106651613A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Field returning crop straw nitrogen fate quantitative measurement method |
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| CN101898100A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2010-12-01 | 东北农业大学 | Biosurfactant as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103087973A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-05-08 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Screening and domesticating method of composite microbial system for low-temperature degradation of straws |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106651613A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Field returning crop straw nitrogen fate quantitative measurement method |
| CN106651613B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2020-01-14 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Quantitative determination method for nitrogen destination of returned crop straws |
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Effective date of registration: 20190730 Address after: No. 55 Locomotive Road, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, 157000 Patentee after: Mudanjiang Baijiaxin Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 416000 Hunan, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Jishou City People's road, No. 120 Patentee before: Jishou University |