CN114034601B - Method for measuring straw decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of returning crop - Google Patents
Method for measuring straw decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of returning crop Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 280
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 37
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 36
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 36
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 23
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009406 nutrient management Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the decomposition rate of crop straws and the nutrient release rate thereof, belonging to the technical field of material recycling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material recycling, in particular to a method for measuring the decomposition rate of crop straws returned to the field and the nutrient release rate thereof.
Background
In agricultural production system, a great amount of crop stalks are produced each year, and in recent years, the annual yield of stalks of main crops in China is more than 7 hundred million t, and the stalks contain nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 ) Potassium (K) 2 And O) the total nutrient resources are respectively above 600, 200 and 1100 ten thousand t. Straw returning is one of the most effective modes for straw recycling. On one hand, the straw returning can obviously increase soil organic matters, improve physicochemical properties such as soil pores, agglomeration, adsorption, buffering and the like, improve the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and finally improve the cultivated land quality and the soil productivity; on the other hand, the straw returning can also return mineral nutrition contained in the straw to the soil, compensate the absorption of crops and promote the balance of the nutrition. Therefore, straw returning has become one of the purposes of improving crop yield, realizing sustainable utilization of resources and sustainable development of agricultureVery important agronomic measures.
The self-decomposition and the nutrient release of the crop straw after returning to the field are directly related to various aspects such as good or bad soil cultivation conditions, improved soil quality, material circulation rate, crop nutrient supply and demand, and the like, so that the determination of the crop straw decomposition rate and the nutrient release rate of returning to the field has important guiding significance for rapidly fertilizing soil, improving soil quality, and directionally managing crop nutrients and adjusting cultivation measures.
In the prior researches on straw decomposition and nutrient release of field returning crops, a nylon net bag method is generally adopted, namely, a certain amount of straw is mixed with a certain amount of soil and is filled into nylon Long Wangdai, then the soil is buried into soil with a certain depth, and after a certain time, the rest straw and the residual nutrient amount are taken out and measured. Compared with the actual returning of the straw, the nylon net bag method prevents the straw returning to the field from fully contacting soil and crop root systems due to the existence of the net bag, thereby reducing the probability of contacting the straw by soil microorganisms and root system secretions and further reducing the straw decomposition and nutrient release rate. In addition, after the straw is returned to the field for a period of time, the straw is inevitably stuck to the soil when the straw is detected from the soil, and the common method for removing the stuck soil in the prior art is to wash the straw with clear water and then dry the straw. On one hand, the straw washing can wash away the fine foam part of the straw to be decomposed, and on the other hand, the water-soluble mineral nutrients such as N, P, K and the like in the straw can also wash away, so that the finally measured straw decomposition rate and the nutrient release rate of the straw are obviously higher than the true value.
In a word, the existing method for returning the straws to the field by using the nylon mesh bag method and then cleaning the returned residual straws by using water cannot truly and objectively measure the straw decomposition rate and the nutrient release rate thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method capable of truly and accurately measuring the straw decomposition rate and the nutrient release rate of returning crop straws, which is applicable to the agricultural ecological system for returning all straws to the field.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a method for measuring the decomposition rate of crop straws and the nutrient release rate thereof, which comprises the following steps: burying micro-areas in the field before returning the straws to the field, measuring the nutrient content of the straws to be returned to the field, and returning the straws to the field in situ according to the yield of the crop straws; after returning to the field for a target period of time, picking up all residual straws (adhered with soil) in the micro-area, removing non-straw components such as root systems wound on the residual straws, drying the non-straw components to constant weight, and rolling the dried residual straws by a small rolling machine to fully separate the straws from the adhered soil; screening the crushed residual straws by a secondary screening method to obtain a mixture of straw scraps and soil microparticles, separating out the straw scraps in the mixture of the straw scraps and the soil microparticles by a water adding precipitation filtration method, drying, mixing the dried straw scraps with the straws reserved on the screen surface to obtain the final residual straws, and weighing the dry weight; and (5) measuring the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the residual straw, and finally calculating the straw decomposition rate and the straw nutrient release rate.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Straw returning to field
Measuring the concentration of a certain nutrient before returning the straw to the field, and marking as c 0 (%); arranging micro-area with area of 0.3-0.6m in field 2 Returning the crop straw to the field according to the actual yield of the crop straw, and recording the returning amount of the micro-area straw as m 0 (g)。
(2) Residual straw after picking up and returning to field
After returning to the field for a target period of time, picking up all residual straws (stuck with soil) in the micro-area, and further removing non-residual straw components such as crop roots, soil blocks and the like; and then drying the picked residual straws to constant weight.
(3) Residual straw adhered with soil after rolling and drying
And (3) rolling the dried residual straws by a small rolling type rolling machine to fully separate the straws from the adhered soil, wherein the pressure of rolling and drying the straws is 6-10KPa.
(4) Screening the rolled residual straws by a secondary screening method
Screening the straws by a 20-mesh sieve, screening the part which is leaked by the sieve by a 60-mesh sieve, and reserving the straws reserved on the 20-mesh sieve and the 60-mesh sieve for standby, wherein the part which is leaked by the 60-mesh sieve is a mixture of straw powder and soil microparticles.
(5) Separating straw scraps from the straw scraps in the soil microparticle mixture
3-5g of the mixture of the straw powder and the soil microparticles is put into a conical flask, 30-50mL of purified water is added, the mixture is oscillated for 15-30min at the frequency of 60-100r/min, the mixture is kept stand for 10-15min, and then the mixture is filtered, and the filtered straw powder is dried.
(6) Measuring straw decomposition rate and nutrient release rate
Mixing the dried straw powder with the straw remained on the sieve surface of the 20-mesh sieve and the 60-mesh sieve, weighing (the residual straw amount after returning to the field), and marking as m t As the final residual straw weight. Measuring the percentage concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the residual straw, and marking as c t And finally calculating the straw decomposition rate and the straw nutrient release rate.
Straw decomposition rate (%) = (straw returning amount-residue after Tian Mou a period of time)/straw returning amount= (m) 0 -m t )/m 0 ×100％。
Nutrient release rate (%) = (certain nutrient content of straw in returning to field-the nutrient content in residual straw after Tian Mou period of time)/nutrient content in straw in returning to field= (m) 0 c 0 -m t c t )/m 0 c 0 ×100％。
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention replaces nylon net bag method with in-situ returning, replaces original clean water flushing method with drying and rolling secondary screening method, can truly reflect the real state of the straw after returning to the field, does not cause the loss of the straw and the loss of the nutrient of the straw, and can accurately calculate the straw decomposition rate and the nutrient release rate after returning to the field.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
Example 1
The decomposition rate and the nutrient release rate of the wheat straw after returning to the field for 1 corn season are measured in the North China wheat-corn rotation planting system:
(1) Wheat straw returning to field
Cutting wheat straw into small sections of 3-5cm, and measuring the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the wheat straw, wherein the percentage is c respectively N ＝0.56％，c P2O5 ＝0.37％，c K2O =1.98%. Arranging micro-areas with the area of 0.3m in the field 2 (0.5 m multiplied by 0.6 m), returning the wheat straw to the field according to the actual yield of the wheat straw covered ground, wherein the returning amount of the straw in the micro-area is 337.5g (calculated on a dry basis), and planting corn in the micro-area.
(2) Residual wheat straw after returning 1 maize growing season (4 months) is picked up
After returning to the field for 1 corn growing season, picking up all residual straws (adhered with soil) in the micro-area, and further removing non-residual straw components such as crop root systems, a certain level of the crop roots and the like; and then drying the picked residual straws to constant weight.
(3) Residual wheat straw adhered with soil after rolling and drying
And (3) rolling the dried residual straws by a small rolling type rolling machine to fully separate the straws from the adhered soil, wherein the pressure of rolling and drying the straws is 6KPa.
(4) Screening the rolled residual straws by a secondary screening method
Screening the straws by a 20-mesh sieve, screening the part which is leaked by the sieve by a 60-mesh sieve, and reserving the straws reserved on the 20-mesh sieve and the 60-mesh sieve for standby, wherein the part which is leaked by the 60-mesh sieve is a mixture of straw powder and soil microparticles.
(5) Separating the straw scraps from the mixture of the straw scraps and the soil microparticles
Putting 4g of the mixture of the straw powder and the soil microparticles into a conical flask, adding 40mL of purified water, oscillating for 20min at the frequency of 80r/min, standing for 10min, filtering, and drying the filtered straw powder.
(6) Determination of decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of wheat straw
Mixing and weighing the dried straw powder and the straw remained on the 20-mesh and 60-mesh screen surfaces, taking the mixture as the final residual straw, weighing 219.38g, and measuring the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the residual straw, wherein the results are c 'respectively' N ＝0.42％，c' P2O5 ＝0.21％，c' K2O =0.52%. And finally calculating the straw decomposition rate and the straw nutrient release rate.
Straw decomposition rate (%) = (337.5-219.375)/337.5x100% = 35%;
straw nitrogen release rate (%) = (337.5×0.56% -219.38 ×0.42%)/(337.5×0.56%) ×100% = 51.25%;
straw phosphorus release rate (%) = (337.5×0.37% -219.38 ×0.21%)/(337.5×0.37%) ×100% = 63.11%;
straw potassium release rate (%) = (337.5×1.98% -219.38 ×0.52%)/(337.5×1.98%) ×100% = 82.93%.
Example 2
Determination of decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of corn straw after returning to field for 1 year
(1) Corn stalk returning to field
Cutting corn stalk into 3-5cm sections, and measuring the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the stalk to obtain c respectively N ＝0.89％，c P2O5 ＝0.32％，c K2O =2.01%. Arranging micro-areas with the area of 0.3m in the field 2 (0.5 m is multiplied by 0.6 m), returning to the field after uniformly mixing the actual yield of the corn straw with the surface soil of 0-20cm, wherein the returning amount of the straw in the micro-area is 250.36g (calculated on a dry basis), and wheat-corn is planted in turn within one year after returning to the field.
(2) Residual corn straw after picking up and returning to field for 1 year
After returning to the field for 1 year, picking up all residual straws (adhered with soil) in the micro-area, and further removing non-residual straw components such as crop root systems, a durable tractor and the like; and then drying the picked residual straws to constant weight.
(3) Residual corn stalk adhered with soil after rolling and drying
And (3) rolling the dried residual straws by a small rolling type rolling machine to fully separate the straws from the adhered soil, wherein the pressure of rolling and drying the straws is 10KPa.
(4) Screening the rolled residual straws by a secondary screening method
Screening the straws by a 20-mesh sieve, screening the part which is leaked by the sieve by a 60-mesh sieve, and reserving the straws reserved on the 20-mesh sieve and the 60-mesh sieve for standby, wherein the part which is leaked by the 60-mesh sieve is a mixture of straw powder and soil microparticles.
(5) Separating the straw scraps from the mixture of the straw scraps and the soil microparticles
5g of the mixture of the straw powder and the soil microparticles is put into a conical flask, 50mL of purified water is added, the mixture is oscillated for 15min at the frequency of 100r/min, the mixture is stood for 10min, and then the mixture is filtered, and the filtered straw powder is dried.
(6) Determination of decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of corn straw
Mixing and weighing the dried straw powder and the straw remained on the 20-mesh and 60-mesh screen surfaces, taking the mixture as the final residual straw, weighing 22.82g, and measuring the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the residual straw, wherein the results are c 'respectively' N ＝0.93％，c' P2O5 ＝0.33％，c' K2O =1.26%. And finally calculating the straw decomposition rate and the straw nutrient release rate.
Straw decomposition rate (%) = (250.36-22.82)/250.36 ×100% = 90.9%;
straw nitrogen release rate (%) = (250.36 ×0.89% -22.82×0.93%)/(250.36 ×0.89%) ×100% = 90.48%;
straw phosphorus release rate (%) = (250.36 ×0.32% -22.82×0.33%)/(250.36 ×0.32%) ×100% = 90.60%;
straw potassium release rate (%) = (250.36 ×2.01% -22.82×1.26%)/(250.36 ×2.01%) ×100% = 94.29%.
Example 1 results application example:
the returning quantity of the straw directly affects the cultivation quality, and the excessive returning quantity of the straw can cause the deterioration of cultivation conditions and directly affects the planting and growth of subsequent crops. The decomposition rate after returning the straw to the field can be used as an important basis for judging the size of the returning amount of the straw, so that the returning amount of the straw can be properly adjusted according to the important basis, and the aims of not affecting the cultivation quality and promoting the circulation of substances are fulfilled. According to the straw returning quantity and the straw nutrient release rate, the release quantity of the straw nutrient after returning the straw to the field for a period of time can be calculated, and the quantity of other nutrient sources can be replaced to a certain extent, so that the crop nutrient management can be optimized accordingly, the fertilizing quantity can be determined scientifically, blind fertilization is avoided, and the method has important significance in promoting efficient utilization of resources.
In the North China wheat-corn rotation planting system, the straws stored in the field before wheat sowing under the condition of straw returning comprise the corn straws just harvested and the wheat straws remained in the previous stubble, and the wheat straw returning amount in the area is 750 kg/mu, and the straw decomposition rate after the wheat straws return to the field for one corn season is 35% according to the test of the embodiment 1 of the invention, so that the wheat straw residue after corn harvesting (before wheat sowing) is 487.5 kg/mu. Researches show that the cultivation and sowing quality of wheat can be obviously reduced after the stored quantity of the field straw exceeds 1000 kg/mu, so that the returning quantity of the corn straw cannot exceed 512.5 kg/mu on the premise of not affecting the sowing quality of the wheat, and the redundant corn straw should be removed from the field.
The wheat straw returning amount is 750 kg/mu, the wheat straw returning amount is 4.2 kg/mu, the wheat straw returning amount is 2.775 kg/mu and the wheat straw returning amount is 14.85 kg/mu, according to the invention, the release rates of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium of the wheat straw after returning to the field for one corn season are respectively 51.25%, 63.11% and 82.93%, and the wheat straw releasing amounts are respectively 2.15 kg/mu, 1.75 kg/mu and 12.32 kg/mu, namely, the returning straw nutrient releasing amount is considered when the crops are fertilized, and the application amounts of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium are respectively reduced by 2.15kg, 1.75kg and 12.32kg.
Example 2 results application example:
assuming that the returning amount of the North China corn straw is 556.36 kg/mu, the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the straw are respectively 4.95 kg/mu, 1.78 kg/mu and 11.18 kg/mu, the embodiment 2 of the invention determines that the release rates of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the straw after returning the corn straw to the field for one year are respectively 90.48%, 90.60% and 94.29%, and the release amounts of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the corn straw are respectively 4.48 kg/mu, 1.61 kg/mu and 10.54 kg/mu, that is, the nutrient release amount of the straw returning to the field is considered when the crop is fertilized, and the annual application amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium fertilizer is respectively reduced by 4.48 kg/mu, 1.61 kg/mu and 10.54 kg/mu.
The application of the returning process and the results of other crop straws such as straws, oilwheat and the like is similar to those of the embodiments 1 and 2, and the returning commonality of the crop straws proves that the invention is applicable to other crops and has wide adaptability.
Comparative example 1
"Nylon net bag+secondary screening method" for measuring decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of corn stalk after returning to field for 1 year
(1) Corn stalk returning to field
Cutting corn stalk into 3-5cm sections, and measuring the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the stalk to obtain c respectively N ＝0.89％，c P2O5 ＝0.32％，c K2O =2.01%. At an area of 0.3m 2 10kg of soil is filled into a nylon mesh bag (0.5 m multiplied by 0.6 m), 250.36g (based on dry basis) of corn straw is put into the nylon mesh bag and is uniformly mixed with the soil, then the nylon mesh bag is buried into the soil, and wheat-corn is planted in sequence within one year of returning the straw to the field.
(2) Residual corn straw after picking up and returning to field for 1 year
After returning to the field for 1 year, picking up all residual straws (adhered with soil) in the nylon net bags, and further removing non-residual straw components such as crop root systems, a robust and the like; and then drying the picked residual straws to constant weight.
(3) Residual corn stalk adhered with soil after rolling and drying
And (3) rolling the dried residual straws by a small rolling type rolling machine to fully separate the straws from the adhered soil, wherein the pressure of rolling and drying the straws is 10KPa.
(4) Screening the rolled residual straws by a secondary screening method
Screening the straws by a 20-mesh sieve, screening the part which is leaked by the sieve by a 60-mesh sieve, and reserving the straws reserved on the 20-mesh sieve and the 60-mesh sieve for standby, wherein the part which is leaked by the 60-mesh sieve is a mixture of straw powder and soil microparticles.
(5) Separating the straw scraps from the mixture of the straw scraps and the soil microparticles
5g of the mixture of the straw powder and the soil microparticles is put into a conical flask, 50mL of purified water is added, the mixture is oscillated for 15min at the frequency of 100r/min, the mixture is stood for 10min, and then the mixture is filtered, and the filtered straw powder is dried.
(6) Determination of decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of corn straw
Mixing and weighing the dried straw powder and the straw remained on the 20-mesh and 60-mesh screen surfaces, taking the mixture as the final residual straw, weighing 49.85g, and measuring the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the residual straw, wherein the results are c 'respectively' N ＝0.90％，c' P2O5 ＝0.31％，c' K2O =1.87%. And finally calculating the straw decomposition rate and the straw nutrient release rate.
Straw decomposition rate (%) = (250.36-49.85)/250.36 ×100% = 80.1%;
straw nitrogen release rate (%) = (250.36 ×0.89% -49.85×0.90%)/(250.36 ×0.89%) ×100% = 79.87%;
straw phosphorus release rate (%) = (250.36 ×0.32% -49.85×0.31%)/(250.36 ×0.32) ×100% = 80.71%;
straw potassium release rate (%) = (250.36 ×2.01% -49.85×1.87%)/(250.36 ×2.01%) ×100% = 81.48%.
Comparison of results: as can be seen from the results of example 2 and comparative example 1, compared with the "in-situ returning+secondary screening method" of the present invention, the "nylon mesh bag+secondary screening method" has significantly smaller decomposition rate of corn straw and release rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients due to the slow decomposition of straw and release of nutrients caused by the existence of the nylon mesh bag, and the result is underestimated.
Comparative example 2
In-situ returning and clear water flushing method for measuring decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of corn straw after returning to field for 1 year
(1) Corn stalk returning to field
Cutting corn stalk into 3-5cm sections, and measuring the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the stalk to obtain c respectively N ＝0.89％，c P2O5 ＝0.32％，c K2O =2.01%. Arranging micro-areas with the area of 0.3m in the field 2 (0.5 m is multiplied by 0.6 m), returning to the field after uniformly mixing the actual yield of the corn straw with the surface soil of 0-20cm, wherein the returning amount of the straw in the micro-area is 250.36g (calculated on a dry basis), and wheat-corn is planted in turn within one year after returning to the field.
(2) Residual corn straw after picking up and returning to field for 1 year
After returning to the field for 1 year, all residual straws (adhered with soil) in the nylon net bags are picked up, and non-residual straw components such as crop root systems, rough and dirty garbage and the like are further removed.
(3) Clean water soaking and flushing residual corn straw
Putting the residual corn straw into a container, adding purified water for soaking for 10min, stirring continuously, filtering with a 60-mesh sieve, washing with clear water until the soil adhered to the straw is completely removed, and finally collecting the straw on the sieve surface.
(4) Residual straw washed clean by baking clear water
And (3) drying the residual straws washed clean by the clean water to constant weight, and weighing the weight as the final weight of the residual straws, wherein the weight is 17.76g.
(5) Determination of decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of corn straw
The percentage content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the residual straw is measured, and the results are c 'respectively' N ＝0.86％，c' P2O5 ＝0.30％，c' K2O =0.52%. And finally calculating the straw decomposition rate and the straw nutrient release rate.
Straw decomposition rate (%) = (250.36-17.76)/250.36 ×100% = 92.91%;
straw nitrogen release rate (%) = (250.36 ×0.89% -17.76×0.86%)/(250.36 ×0.89%) ×100% = 93.15%;
straw phosphorus release rate (%) = (250.36 ×0.32% -17.76×0.30%)/(250.36 ×0.32%) ×100% = 93.35%;
straw potassium release rate (%) = (250.36 ×2.01% -17.76×0.52%)/(250.36 ×2.01%) ×100% = 98.16%.
Comparison of results: as can be seen from the results of example 2 and comparative example 2, compared with the in-situ returning to field and secondary screening method of the invention, the in-situ returning to field and clear water flushing method of the invention increases the extra loss of residual straws and nutrients thereof due to flushing of clear water, so that the decomposition rate of corn straws and the release rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are obviously larger, and the result is overestimated.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for measuring the decomposition rate and the nutrient release rate of the crop straws returned to the field is characterized by comprising the following steps: burying micro-areas in the field before returning the straws to the field, measuring the nutrient content of the straws to be returned to the field, and returning the straws to the field in situ according to the yield of the crop straws; after returning to the field for a target period of time, picking up all residual straws in the micro-area, removing non-straw components, and drying to constant weight; rolling and rolling the dried residual straws; screening the crushed residual straws by a secondary screening method to obtain a mixture of straw scraps and soil microparticles, separating out the straw scraps in the mixture of the straw scraps and the soil microparticles by a water adding precipitation filtration method, drying, mixing the dried straw scraps with the straws reserved on the screen surface to obtain the final residual straws, and weighing the dry weight; and (5) measuring the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the residual straw, and finally calculating the straw decomposition rate and the straw nutrient release rate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microcell area is 0.3-0.6m 2 。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the rolled and dried straw is 6-10KPa.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary screening method is: screening the straws by a 20-mesh sieve, screening the part which is leaked by the sieve by a 60-mesh sieve, and reserving the straws reserved on the 20-mesh sieve and the 60-mesh sieve for standby, wherein the part which is leaked by the 60-mesh sieve is a mixture of straw powder and soil microparticles.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the separation of straw fines from the mixture of straw fines and soil micro-particles is performed by water precipitation filtration, in particular: adding purified water into a mixture of straw powder and soil microparticles, wherein the ratio of the mass of the mixture to the mass of the purified water is (3-5) g: (30-50) mL, oscillating for 15-30min at the frequency of 60-100r/min, standing for 10-15min, filtering, and drying the filtered straw powder.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the straw decomposition rate= (straw returning amount-straw remaining amount after a period of time of Tian Mou)/straw returning amount.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nutrient release rate = (a nutrient content in the straw when returning to the field-the nutrient content in the straw remaining after a period of time of Tian Mou)/the nutrient content in the straw when returning to the field.
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