CN110563525A

CN110563525A - Organic fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110563525A
Application number: CN201911012096.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张枫
Original assignee: Jilin Chenyu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jilin Chenyu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-23
Filing date: 2019-10-23
Publication date: 2019-12-13

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, preparing straw sections from the straws, air-drying the straw sections, crushing, and sieving to obtain straw powder; s2, drying the fruit and vegetable residues to constant weight, crushing and sieving to obtain fruit and vegetable powder; s3, taking animal waste, air drying, crushing, sieving to obtain animal waste powder, and sealing for storage; s4, mixing the prepared straw powder, fruit and vegetable powder and animal waste powder uniformly, adding EM (effective microorganisms) active liquid and clear water, stirring uniformly, and fermenting to obtain the organic fertilizer.

Description

Organic fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, in particular to an organic fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Most of the fruit and vegetable residues are treated as wastes, and a few of the fruit and vegetable residues are prepared into feeds, so that the overall utilization rate is low, and the environment is easily polluted.

Animal waste is often used as waste to prepare organic fertilizer, and the traditional composting takes a long time and is decomposed slowly.

The straws and the stalks are byproducts of crops such as rice, corn and the like, and are widely applied, such as carbon preparation, environmental protection daily necessities preparation, feed preparation, alcohol production and the like, but straw returning is the most environment-friendly straw application mode, and the stalks grown in the ground nourish soil, enhance soil fertility, improve grain yield and quality, and achieve the virtuous circle of sustainable development.

The EM is a microbial life bacterium preparation compounded by 10 microorganisms of 80 microorganisms in five categories of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, gram-positive actinomycetes and filamentous bacteria of a fermentation system. The EM bacteria are easy to live and propagate, form a dominant community of beneficial microbial bacteria, and can stably occupy the ecological status in soil, thereby controlling the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms and the invasion of crops. But also can ensure the stable and high yield of crops and effectively prevent plant diseases and insect pests.

The saline-alkali soil has high salinity and alkalinity, high inorganic salt content, low organic matter content, poor soil fertility, high viscosity and easy hardening, and the conditions of black root disease, crop hydrogen sulfide poisoning, undeveloped root system, slow green return, early senescence of green tea and the like are caused, and the rational structure of the soil needs to be improved and the granular structure needs to be enhanced. The traditional improving modes comprise modes of applying soil conditioners, chemical fertilizers or farmyard manure, applying desulfurized gypsum and the like. However, these methods have disadvantages that chemical improvement methods such as chemical fertilizers and desulfurized gypsum have high requirements on application amount accuracy, and excessive use may cause soil and crops to be polluted and have adverse effects; insufficient application amount results in weak improvement effect. On the other hand, although organic modifications can avoid the above-mentioned hazards, they are generally slow to become effective. In addition, the traditional straw returning method, namely straw mulching, is accompanied by the harm of harmful substances caused by insufficient straw decomposition degree, seedling turning green after seedling transplanting can be influenced, and seedlings can die directly if the seedlings are heavy.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an organic fertilizer containing EM bacteria, which can reduce environmental pollution caused by discharge of wastes such as fruit and vegetable residues, animal wastes and the like, and can utilize the wastes in a saline-alkali land paddy field to accelerate the process of 'growing land and maturing', greatly shorten the time required by traditional compost retting, save time and financial cost, improve the content of organic matters and microorganisms in soil, improve the condition of insufficient land capability of the saline-alkali land, enhance the granular structure of the soil, and avoid the phenomenon that the root system of crops is blocked in growth and poor in development due to high soil viscosity and easy hardening, and finally influence the overall development of the crops.

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps: s1, cutting straws into straw sections, putting the straw sections in a ventilated place for air drying, crushing the air-dried straw sections, and sieving to obtain straw powder; s2, putting the fruit and vegetable residues into an oven to be dried to constant weight (65 ℃), crushing the dried fruit and vegetable residues, and sieving to obtain fruit and vegetable powder; s3, taking animal waste, air drying, crushing, sieving to obtain animal waste powder, and sealing and storing in a cylinder; s4, mixing the prepared straw powder, fruit and vegetable powder and animal waste powder uniformly, adding EM (effective microorganisms) active liquid and clear water, stirring uniformly, standing the mixed material compost in a shade for fermentation to prepare the organic fertilizer, and covering a plastic film to prevent water evaporation during composting.

The straws in the S1 are selected from one or more of rice, corn, wheat, soybean, sunflower, cotton, peanut and sorghum; s2, the fruit and vegetable residues are selected from one or more of peach, pear, apple, Chinese cabbage and potato; the animal manure in S3 is one or more of cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure.

Preferably, the straws in the S1 are rice straws; the fruit and vegetable residues in the S2 are peaches; the animal manure in S3 is cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure.

Preferably, 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of chicken dung and 10 parts of pig dung are calculated by weight.

The size of the straw section in S1 is 5cm

The sizes of the straw powder in the S1, the fruit and vegetable powder in the S2 and the animal waste powder in the S3 are all less than or equal to 16 meshes.

The air drying temperature in S2 was 65 ℃.

And S4, controlling the fermentation temperature to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, detecting the fermentation temperature in real time, timely turning and radiating when the fermentation temperature exceeds 60 ℃, controlling the temperature generated in the natural fermentation process to be 60 ℃, killing residual harmful bacteria and eggs in the materials, achieving harmlessness and no pollution in a natural mode, and storing the fermented organic fertilizer in a sealed barrel for later use, wherein the fermentation time is 14-21 days.

The EM bacteria active liquid in S4 is the special EM bacteria liquid for planting produced by Henan nongfukang Biotech limited company, wherein the effective viable count is 2 multiplied by 10¹¹cfu/g。

5 parts of straw powder, 5 parts of fruit and vegetable powder, 50 parts of animal waste powder, 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) active liquid and 40 parts of clear water in parts by weight

The invention also aims to protect the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method can ensure that various crops such as rice, wheat, soybean and the like have stable and high yield; the waste fruit and vegetable residues and animal wastes are recycled, so that the environment is protected; natural fermentation, decomposition and decomposition of the organic fertilizer are accelerated by introducing EM bacteria, crops can absorb the organic fertilizer more easily, and the decomposition and fermentation time of the organic fertilizer is short; the organic fertilizer is rich in various floras and microorganisms, can promote the composition of a soil granular structure, improves the hardening condition of saline-alkali soil, and solves various root problems caused by high soil viscosity.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

Example 1

A preparation method of an organic fertilizer containing EM bacteria comprises the following steps: s1, cutting rice straws into straw sections of 5cm, putting the straw sections in a ventilated place for air drying, crushing the air-dried straw sections, and sieving the crushed straw sections with a 16-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder; s2, placing the peach skin into an oven, drying at 65 ℃ to constant weight, crushing the dried fruit and vegetable residues, and sieving with a 16-mesh sieve to obtain fruit and vegetable powder; s3, taking 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of chicken dung and 10 parts of pig dung by weight, air-drying, crushing, sieving by a 16-mesh sieve to obtain animal dung powder, and placing the animal dung powder in a barrel for sealed storage; s4, mixing the above 5 parts by weight of straw powder, 5 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable powder and 50 parts by weight of animal waste powder, adding EM bacteria active liquid (produced by Henan nongfukang Biotech Co., Ltd., effective viable bacteria number of 2 x 10)¹¹cfu/g)5 parts and clean water 40 parts, and uniformly stirringThe mixed material compost is placed in a shade place for fermentation, a plastic film is covered to prevent water from evaporating during composting, the fermentation temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the temperature is detected in real time, the compost is required to be turned over in time to dissipate heat when the temperature exceeds 60 ℃, the organic fertilizer is prepared after fermentation for 14-21 days, and the fermented organic fertilizer is poured into a sealed barrel to be stored for later use.

Example 2

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) is different from that of the organic fertilizer in example 1 in that 10 parts of cow dung, 0 part of chicken dung and 0 part of pig dung are taken.

Example 3

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) is different from that of the organic fertilizer in example 1 in that 0 part of cow dung, 10 parts of chicken dung and 0 part of pig dung are taken.

Example 4

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) is different from that of the organic fertilizer in example 1 in that 0 part of cow dung, 0 part of chicken dung and 10 parts of pig dung are taken.

Comparative example 1

The difference between the preparation method of the organic fertilizer containing the EM bacteria and the embodiment 1 is that the EM bacteria active liquid is not added in S4.

Test example 1

The test method comprises the following steps: organic fertilizers were prepared as described in examples 1-4 and comparative example 1, and the time required for composting was recorded for each example, as well as the effect of shortening the composting time compared to comparative example 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of EM bacteria on shortening of composting time

Name (R)	Composting time (sky)	Extent of time shortening (%)
			Comparative example 1	67	-
Example 1	20	70.1％
			Example 2	15	77.6％
Example 3	9	86.6％
			Example 4	11	83.6％

As can be seen from the data of Table 1, the composting time was significantly shortened in the production methods of examples 1 to 4 as compared with the production method of comparative example 1.

Test 2

Effect of increasing yield

Organic fertilizer was prepared according to the preparation methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1, and applied as base fertilizer and in the rice planting work in the test field, the yield was recorded after harvesting.

TABLE 2 effect of different examples on the increase of rice yield in the test field

Name (R)	Average yield per mu (kg/667m2)	Change in yield per mu (%)
			Comparative example 1	4959.7	-
Example 1	5345.3	7.8％
			Example 2	5258.1	6.0％
Example 3	5213.4	5.1％
			Example 4	5301.0	6.9％

As can be seen from the data of Table 2, the preparation methods of examples 1 to 4 can increase the yield of rice as compared with the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of comparative example 1.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer containing EM bacteria is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, preparing straw sections from the straws, air-drying the straw sections, crushing, and sieving to obtain straw powder; s2, drying the fruit and vegetable residues to constant weight, crushing and sieving to obtain fruit and vegetable powder; s3, taking animal waste, air drying, crushing, sieving to obtain animal waste powder, and sealing for storage; s4, mixing the prepared straw powder, fruit and vegetable powder and animal waste powder uniformly, adding EM (effective microorganisms) active liquid and clear water, stirring uniformly, and fermenting to obtain the organic fertilizer.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the straws in the S1 are selected from one or more of rice, corn, wheat, soybean, sunflower, cotton, peanut and sorghum; s2, the fruit and vegetable residues are selected from one or more of peach, pear, apple, Chinese cabbage and potato; the animal manure in S3 is one or more selected from cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the straws in the S1 are rice straws; the fruit and vegetable residues in the S2 are peaches; the animal manure in S3 is cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure.

4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of chicken dung and 10 parts of pig dung.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the size of the straw section in S1 is 5 cm; the sizes of the straw powder in the S1, the fruit and vegetable powder in the S2 and the animal waste powder in the S3 are all less than or equal to 16 meshes.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the air drying temperature in S2 was 65 ℃.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the fermentation temperature in S4 is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 14-21 days.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the effective viable count of EM bacteria active liquid in S4 is 2 x 10¹¹cfu/g。

9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the feed comprises, by weight, 5 parts of straw powder, 5 parts of fruit and vegetable powder, 50 parts of animal manure powder, 5 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) active liquid and 40 parts of clear water.

10. The organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9.