CN111587762A - Environment-friendly vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111587762A CN111587762A CN202010355281.8A CN202010355281A CN111587762A CN 111587762 A CN111587762 A CN 111587762A CN 202010355281 A CN202010355281 A CN 202010355281A CN 111587762 A CN111587762 A CN 111587762A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly vegetable seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof, and the technical scheme is used for comprehensively screening, combining and compounding nutrients, thereby obtaining the substrate formula. The formula adopts a certain amount of cow dung and coconut husk to replace part of peat ingredients, reduces the using amount of nonrenewable resource peat, and is environment-friendly. And mineral components such as vermiculite, perlite and the like are introduced, so that the soil loosening property is improved on the premise of not influencing the nutrient supply. In addition, the invention can further add ingredients such as sawdust, corn straw fermentation products, peptone, yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal and the like, thereby perfecting the supply of trace elements and micromolecular nutrients and having positive significance for promoting the development of plant seedlings. The invention is not only suitable for cultivating the vegetable seedling, but also the selected components do not need to be pretreated, so the preparation process is more convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The vegetable seedling culture is a characteristic of vegetable production and is an important measure for striving for farming season, increasing stubble and reducing and avoiding plant diseases and insect pests and natural disasters. The bed soil for vegetable seedling is also called seedling substrate. The quality of the matrix has a great relationship with the growth and development of seedlings, and in order to culture strong seedlings, the matrix is required to have the conditions of fertility, looseness, subacidity or neutrality, good water retention and drainage performance, no germs, worm eggs, weed seeds and the like. In order to make the culture soil have the above-mentioned excellent properties, a reasonable formula and preparation method must be designed.
In the prior art, the vegetable seedling raising substrate generally takes garden soil as a main component, and generally accounts for 30-50 percent; meanwhile, 20 to 30 percent of organic fertilizer is mixed as a main nutrient source; and adding 20-30% of carbonized chaff or plant ash for increasing potassium and loosening and ventilating soil. The seedling raising substrate is developed by extending conventional cultivation soil, although the seedling raising effect is similar to that of cultivation soil in terms of components, the seedling raising effect needs to be improved, and the preparation process of the substrate is complicated and the efficiency is relatively low. Wherein, the selection of garden soil is to prevent the infection of soil-borne diseases such as damping-off and damping-off, early blight and cotton blight of solanaceae, blight of melons and anthracnose, and the garden soil of vegetables of the same family is not suitable to be used generally; the organic fertilizer can be used after being fully fermented and decomposed, and the undegraded organic fertilizer absorbs more germs and easily damages the seedlings; when the husk is carbonized, the proper degree needs to be mastered, and the husk, the garden soil and the stable manure are piled up for fermentation.
In addition, the soilless culture substrate mainly comprises turf, the turf is rich in organic matters and is an ideal composite substrate material, but turf resources in China are limited, development is difficult, seedling raising cost is high, the turf is an unrenewable resource, excessive exploitation can cause resource exhaustion, and the environment is damaged. Under such circumstances, it is expected to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems if a substrate which has a more prominent effect of promoting the growth of vegetable seedlings, is more easily prepared, and is more economical and environmentally friendly can be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof aiming at overcoming the technical defects in the prior art, and aims to solve the technical problem that the growth promotion effect of a conventional vegetable seedling raising matrix on vegetable seedlings needs to be improved in the prior art.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problems of complex preparation and low efficiency of the conventional vegetable seedling substrate.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.1 parts of cow dung, 0.9 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of grass peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 3 parts of perlite.
Preferably, 0.7 parts by weight of sawdust is also included.
Preferably, the corn stalk fermentation product also comprises 0.5 weight part.
Preferably, 0.2 weight part of peptone is also included.
Preferably, 0.1 part by weight of yeast powder is also included.
Preferably, the silkworm chrysalis powder also comprises 0.1 weight part of silkworm chrysalis powder.
Preferably, the environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.1 parts of cow dung, 0.9 part of coconut chaff, 2 parts of grass carbon, 3 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of perlite, 0.7 part of sawdust, 0.5 part of corn straw fermentation product, 0.2 part of peptone, 0.1 part of yeast powder, 0.1 part of silkworm chrysalis meal, a plurality of EM bacteria and a plurality of water.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention further provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising matrix, which comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing cow dung, coconut coir, turf, vermiculite and perlite according to the formula, adding crushed products into a stirrer, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and water into the stirrer, mixing and stirring, transferring the stirred products to a storage bin for storage, screening and filtering a large substrate through a roller screen, and feeding through a conveyor belt to obtain the environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising substrate.
Preferably, the amount of water added is 4.5 parts by weight; the concentration of EM bacteria in the environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate is 107CFU/g。
Preferably, the particle size of the pulverized product is 50 mesh; the mixing and stirring speed is 300 rpm.
In the technical scheme, the cow dung is conventional animal dung, can be naturally collected in an agricultural production environment and can also be purchased from the market; coconut coir is coconut husk fiber powder, is a processed coconut byproduct or waste, and is commercially available; peat is also known as plant residue, humus and a part of mineral substances which are not thoroughly decomposed in peat soil, and is also available on the market; vermiculite and perlite are natural and non-toxic inorganic minerals, wherein the vermiculite can generate an expansion effect under high temperature conditions. The sawdust is foam sawdust of trees scattered from the trees due to cutting in the wood processing process, and the sawdust is added into the vegetable seedling raising matrix to improve the looseness of the matrix and provide certain nutrients after being decomposed by microorganisms; the corn straw fermentation product is rich in secondary metabolites of microorganisms, and is helpful for providing trace elements for vegetable seedlings; substances such as peptone, yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal and the like are mostly used for culturing microorganisms, and the nutrient components of the substances are mostly in a small molecular level and are easily utilized by plants, so that the nutrient level of the vegetable seedling substrate is improved to a certain extent.
The invention provides an environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof. According to the technical scheme, firstly, comprehensive screening is carried out on nutrients for plant growth, and on the basis, all the components are combined and compounded, so that the substrate formula is obtained. The formula adopts a certain amount of cow dung and coconut husk to replace part of peat ingredients, improves the nutrition level of the matrix to a certain extent, reduces the use of nonrenewable resources of peat, and is environment-friendly; and mineral components such as vermiculite, perlite and the like are introduced, so that the soil loosening property is improved on the premise of not influencing the nutrient supply. In addition, the invention can further add ingredients such as sawdust, corn straw fermentation products, peptone, yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal and the like, thereby perfecting the supply of trace elements and micromolecular nutrients and having positive significance for promoting the development of plant seedlings. The formula of the invention is not only suitable for cultivating vegetable seedlings, but also the selected components do not need pretreatment, so the preparation process is more convenient. On the basis, the invention provides the preparation method of the vegetable seedling substrate, can efficiently finish the large-scale production of the vegetable seedling substrate, and has outstanding technical advantages.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Well-known structures or functions may not be described in detail in the following embodiments in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the details. Approximating language, as used herein in the following examples, may be applied to identify quantitative representations that could permissibly vary in number without resulting in a change in the basic function. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used in the following examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
An environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.1 parts of cow dung, 0.9 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of grass peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 3 parts of perlite.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing cow dung, coconut coir, turf, vermiculite and perlite according to the formula, adding crushed products into a stirrer, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and water into the stirrer, mixing and stirring, transferring the stirred products to a storage bin for storage, screening and filtering a large substrate through a roller screen, and feeding through a conveyor belt to obtain the environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising substrate.
Example 2
An environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.1 parts of cow dung, 0.9 part of coconut chaff, 2 parts of grass carbon, 3 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of perlite, 0.7 part of sawdust, 0.5 part of corn straw fermentation product, 0.2 part of peptone, 0.1 part of yeast powder, 0.1 part of silkworm chrysalis meal, a plurality of EM bacteria and a plurality of water.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly vegetable seedling culture medium comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively crushing cow dung, coconut chaff, turf, vermiculite, perlite, sawdust, corn straw fermentation products, peptone, yeast powder and silkworm chrysalis powder according to the formula, adding the crushed products into a stirrer, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and water into the stirrer, mixing and stirring, transferring the stirred products to a storage bin for material storage, screening and filtering large substrates through a roller screen, and feeding through a conveyor belt to obtain the environment-friendly vegetable seedling culture substrate. Wherein the addition amount of water is 4.5 parts by weight; the concentration of EM bacteria in the environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate is 107CFU/g. The granularity of the crushed product is 50 meshes; the mixing and stirring speed is 300 rpm.
Comparative example 1
"nongfeng" brand vegetable seedling culture medium produced by the Ming agriculture Limited liability company of Shouguang city.
Comparative example 2
"root" brand vegetable seedling culture medium available from agriculture science and technology limited of shoyujing of Shandong province.
Physical and chemical parameter detection
The physicochemical parameter characteristics of the vegetable seedling raising substrates in examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of physicochemical parameters of vegetable seedling substrate for each experimental group
| Item/group | Example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Volume weight (g. (cm))3)-1) | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.56 | 0.53 |
| Total porosity | 87.3％ | 89.9％ | 74.2％ | 77.1％ |
| Specific surface area (m)2·g-1) | 31.8 | 32.4 | 29.1 | 29.9 |
| pH | 6.93 | 6.94 | 7.02 | 7.11 |
| Organic matter content | 63.8％ | 64.1％ | 49.2％ | 50.3％ |
| Total nitrogen (g.Kg)-1) | 8.33 | 8.54 | 7.28 | 7.16 |
| Quick-acting nitrogen (g.Kg)-1) | 428.1 | 439.4 | 392.5 | 399.2 |
| Quick-acting phosphorus (g.Kg)-1) | 91.2 | 92.0 | 88.3 | 82.5 |
| Quick-acting potassium (g.Kg)-1) | 2074 | 2129 | 1965 | 1992 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate of examples 1 and 2 is completely superior to that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 in terms of looseness and nutritional ingredients; wherein, the embodiment 2 added with the sawdust, the corn straw fermentation product, the peptone, the yeast powder and the silkworm chrysalis powder is superior to the embodiment 1 to a certain extent, which shows that the embodiment 2 can be used as a preferred technical scheme of the invention.
Experiment of seedling raising effect
The method comprises the steps of purchasing tomato seeds, soaking the tomato seeds for accelerating germination, sowing the tomato seeds in different matrixes of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively giving the same conditions of external temperature and humidity, fertilizer, bactericide and the like, respectively counting the 10-day emergence rate of tomato seedlings in the different matrixes, and then respectively counting the physiological indexes of the seedlings in the different matrixes at 30 days, wherein the counting results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 10-day emergence rate of tomato seedlings in each experimental group and 30-day physiological index thereof
As can be seen from table 2, the rate of emergence of the seedlings in 10 days in example 1 of the present invention is as high as 98.2%, and the rate of emergence in example 2 is as high as 100%, which shows good seedling advantages, and is also comprehensively superior to commercially available products in terms of fresh weight of individual plant, volume of individual root, number of individual root tips, root activity, etc., so that it can be proved that the present invention has a prominent effect of cultivating vegetable seedlings and can promote the vigorous growth of the vegetable seedlings.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the scope of the application of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1.1 parts of cow dung, 0.9 part of coconut husk, 2 parts of grass peat, 3 parts of vermiculite and 3 parts of perlite.
2. The environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 0.7 parts by weight of sawdust.
3. The environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 0.5 part by weight of a corn stalk fermentation product.
4. The environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 0.2 parts by weight of peptone.
5. The environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, further comprising 0.1 part by weight of yeast powder.
6. The environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 0.1 part by weight of silkworm chrysalis powder.
7. The environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate as claimed in claim 1, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1.1 parts of cow dung, 0.9 part of coconut chaff, 2 parts of grass carbon, 3 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of perlite, 0.7 part of sawdust, 0.5 part of corn straw fermentation product, 0.2 part of peptone, 0.1 part of yeast powder, 0.1 part of silkworm chrysalis meal, a plurality of EM bacteria and a plurality of water.
8. A method for preparing an environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing cow dung, coconut coir, turf, vermiculite and perlite according to the formula, adding crushed products into a stirrer, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and water into the stirrer, mixing and stirring, transferring the stirred products to a storage bin for storage, screening and filtering a large substrate through a roller screen, and feeding through a conveyor belt to obtain the environment-friendly vegetable seedling raising substrate.
9. The formulation according to claim 8, wherein the amount of water added is 4.5 parts by weight; the concentration of EM bacteria in the environment-friendly vegetable seedling substrate is 107CFU/g。
10. The formulation process according to claim 8, wherein the particle size of the ground product is 50 mesh; the mixing and stirring speed is 300 rpm.
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| CN112154896A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Organic ecotype cultivation medium for muskmelons |
| CN112868497A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | EM (effective microorganisms) bacterium matrix for strawberry planting |
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| CN112868497A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | EM (effective microorganisms) bacterium matrix for strawberry planting |
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