CN102992878A - Specific seedling substrate for Chinese cabbage, cabbage vegetables - Google Patents
Specific seedling substrate for Chinese cabbage, cabbage vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN102992878A CN102992878A CN2012104004110A CN201210400411A CN102992878A CN 102992878 A CN102992878 A CN 102992878A CN 2012104004110 A CN2012104004110 A CN 2012104004110A CN 201210400411 A CN201210400411 A CN 201210400411A CN 102992878 A CN102992878 A CN 102992878A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a specific seedling substrate for Chinese cabbage, cabbage vegetables, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The substrate comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 20 to 25 percent of vinegar residues, 10 to 15 percent of manioc waste, 10 to 15 percent of plant ash, 20 to 25 percent of vermiculite, 20 to 25 percent of turf, a little inorganic fertilizer, wherein 0.4 to 0.5kg of ammonium sulfate-nitrate, 0.1 to 0.2kg of potassium chloride, 0.1 to 0.2kg of monoammonium phosphate are added into the substrate. According to the seedling substrate, the vinegar residues, the manioc waste and other organic wastes are mainly used as raw materials and fermented at high temperature to produce soilless culture substrate, so that waste materials are changed into valuable things, and harmful substances are changed into benefits things. The seedling substrate produced by the invention has the advantages of high nutrition content, loosing and breathability, water and fertilizer maintenance and the like, and can be widely applied to seedling of Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli and other cabbage vegetables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of farm crop soilless culture seedling medium, particularly relate to the special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, belong to the cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Soilless culture refers to carry out with matrix without natural soil the method for arable farming, is mainly used in the cultivation of gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock, is that a water-saving is economized fertile again saving of labor's high yield and high quality modern technique.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode of popularizing area maximum in the soilless culture.It is that root system with crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, supplies with crop alimentary liquid.The countries in the world great majority adopt fixedly matrix of the conducts such as gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust at present.
Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, present gradually sectionalization, the development trend of customizations, present topmost matrix species is divided into two kinds of seedling medium and cultivation matrixes, seedling medium is divided into again the special-purpose seedling medium of vegetables, the special-purpose seedling medium of melon and fruit, raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate and the flower plants and nursery stock special use segmentation such as (cuttage) matrix type of growing seedlings, seedling medium is the dedicated substrate according to needed nutrition and the physico chemical factor preparation of rooting as vegetative organ, at present, the nutritious soil of most widely used soilless culture seedling medium during vegetables produce, vermiculite, perlite, peat (peat composed of rotten mosses) etc.Chinese patent CN 100441090C discloses a kind of melon vegetable grow seedling ground substance, and to specifically disclose this matrix be by fermentation cow dung, peat, vermiculite, perlite and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer composite forming by a certain percentage.Chinese patent CN 1552187A discloses the Patent Application Publication of " a kind of seedling medium that utilizes the organic waste exploitation ", and to specifically disclose this matrix be to mix with the straw that peat composed of rotten mosses, pearlstone, vermiculite, brown coal, humic leaf and natural vegetable mould and processing treatment are crossed.
The vinegar grain is the tankage of vinegar processed enterprise, account for greatly the 70-80% of vinegar raw material processed, that it is the residue that is filtered behind vinegar fermentation processed by raw materials such as glutinous rice, wheat bran, rice chaffs, nutrition is also abundanter, owing to contain more organic acid and microorganism in the bright acid-sludge, anti-depositing is stored for a long time perishable not rotten, contaminate environment; Add that its fibre content is many, energy efficiency is low, and the EC value is high, and quantity is large, and tart flavour is dense, becomes the organic waste that vinegar processed enterprise is difficult to digestion process.Permanent suitable vinegar already is of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu vinegar processed enterprise, and annual production reaches 180,000 tons, and the quantum of output of vinegar grain is just above 100,000 tons.Manioc waste is that alcohol enterprise utilizes cassava to extract residual solid waste behind the alcohol.Chinese patent CN 1394469A discloses the patent application scheme of the Li Ping of Jiangsu University duckweed " take the vinegar grain as the raw material production botanical seedling culturing and matrix and the manufacture method of cultivation usefulness ", and the vinegar grain raw material that specifically discloses with water content about 70% adds effective microbe, chicken manure and flyash, stir laggard windrow system fermentation, and cover water-proof heat-insulation material.Chinese patent CN 101811911A discloses the patent application scheme that Zhenjiang permanent glad fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. leaf has big grade " a kind of utilize greening that the vinegar grain produces with matrix and production technique thereof "; and specifically disclose take vinegar grain, plant ash as raw material; by fermentation; add again the perlite of 6-8% vermiculite, 10-15, the mushroom slag of 15-20% carries out Secondary Fermentation; obtain organic content and be not less than 50%, EC value 1-3, pH5.5-6.5; ventilative space 25%, the particle matrix in water holding space 50%.Document retrieval finds, the domestic relevant report that there is not yet of the special-purpose seedling medium of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables take fermentation of vinegar residue, manioc waste as the main raw material preparation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of technical scheme for preparing the special-purpose seedling medium of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables take fermentation of vinegar residue, manioc waste as main raw material is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, manioc waste, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
In this matrix moiety, by volume calculate, its component ratio is: vinegar grain 20-25%, manioc waste 10-15%, plant ash 10-15%, vermiculite 20-25%, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-25%; Ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.4-0.5kg, Repone K 0.1-0.2 kg, monoammonium phosphate 0.1-0.2 kg have also been added in this seedling medium.
This water content of substrate 25-40%, the organic content of butt matter 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 1-3%, total porosity 65-85%, the EC value is 1.5-2.5mS/cm, pH is 5.5-7.5.
Vinegar grain in this seedling medium, manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation, and described fermentative processing is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation vinegar grain, manioc waste to be carried out decomposition reactor system to process, and the fermentative processing time is 120-180 days.The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is every 100m
3Raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
In this seedling medium component, preferred ratio is by volume: vinegar grain 20%, manioc waste 15%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; In every cube of seedling medium, also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.4kg/m
3, Repone K 0.1 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.1 kg/m
3
The another kind of preferred prescription volume ratio of described seedling medium component is: vinegar grain 25%, manioc waste 10%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; Wherein also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.5kg/m
3, Repone K 0.2 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2 kg/m
3
The physical and chemical index of this matrix optimization is: water content 35%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is directed to the high characteristics of vinegar grain organic acid content, use the higher plant ash of alkalescence to be auxiliary material, not only can reduce the potential of hydrogen of matrix, and the plant ash potassium content is higher, also have abundant trace element, be well suited for the growth of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables seedling.
2, vinegar grain, manioc waste are the organic wastes of light industry, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of soilless culture substrate, can environmental contamination reduction, and turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
3, the special-purpose seedling medium of the Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables of the present invention's production has nutrient content height, loose ventilative, and the advantages such as preserve moisture and fertility can be widely used in growing seedlings of the Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetabless such as Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, wild cabbage, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand this embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention and is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, its moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, manioc waste, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
In this matrix moiety, by volume calculate, its component ratio is: vinegar grain 20%, manioc waste 15%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.4kg/m in this matrix
3, Repone K 0.1 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.1 kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 35%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components, manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed through high temperature quick rotting agent fermentative processing, and the fermentative processing time is 180 days; The consumption of high temperature quick rotting agent is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 15kg.
Embodiment 2:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, its moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, manioc waste, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
In this matrix moiety, by volume calculate, its component ratio is: vinegar grain 25%, manioc waste 10%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.5kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.2 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2 kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 25%, organic content 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 1%, total porosity 65%, the EC value is 1.5mS/cm, pH is 5.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components, manioc waste are to carry out the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed that fermentative processing is crossed with Japanese EM preparation, and the fermentative processing time is 180 days; Every 100m
3Raw material EM consumption is EM stoste 1kg.
Embodiment 3:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, its moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, manioc waste, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
In this matrix moiety, by volume calculate, its component ratio is: vinegar grain 25%, manioc waste 15%, plant ash 10%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.4kg/m in this matrix
3, Repone K 0.1 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.1 kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 40%, organic content 30%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 3%, total porosity 85%, the EC value is 2.5mS/cm, pH is 7.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components, manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed through high temperature quick rotting agent fermentative processing, and the fermentative processing time is 120 days; The consumption of high temperature quick rotting agent is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg.
Embodiment 4:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, its moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, manioc waste, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
In this matrix moiety, by volume calculate, its component ratio is: vinegar grain 25%, manioc waste 15%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 20%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.5kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.2 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2 kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 35%, organic content 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2.0mS/cm, pH is 6.0.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components, manioc waste are to carry out the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed that fermentative processing is crossed with Japanese EM preparation, and the fermentative processing time is 120 days; Every 100m
3Raw material EM consumption is EM stoste 2kg.
Embodiment 5:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, its moiety comprises the inorganic fertilizers such as vinegar grain, manioc waste, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and a small amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
In this matrix moiety, by volume calculate, its component ratio is: vinegar grain 25%, manioc waste 15%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 20%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.4kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.15 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.15 kg/m
3
This water content of substrate 35%, organic content 〉=25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2.5%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2.0mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
Vinegar grain in this matrix components, manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed through high temperature quick rotting agent fermentative processing, and the fermentative processing time is 160 days; The consumption of high temperature quick rotting agent is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 17.5kg.
The different substrates simultaneous test:
The special-purpose seedling medium of the Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables of embodiment 1 preparation can be used for growing seedlings of the vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, wild cabbage and Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, other 2 kinds of seedling mediums (ck1, ck2) of buying on the special-purpose seedling medium of the Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables of the present invention's preparation and the market are used for cauliflower jointly grow seedlings, the simultaneous test effect is as follows:
Vegetable variety: pagoda cauliflower;
The seeding and growing seedling phase: on September 10th, 2011.
Method for culturing seedlings: hole plate seedling growth; Adopt 50 holes dish.
Rearing condition: beam-connected greenhouse, envrionment temperature: 22-28 ℃ of daytime, 15-22 ℃ of night.Preparation before the sowing, seed treatment, sowing, seedling management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc. require to require operation according to the seeding raising technology among the DB3211/T154-2011 " pagoda cauliflower production technology regulation ".
The pagoda cauliflower seedling morphological index that adopts different seedling mediums to cultivate sees Table 1:
Table 1 can be found out, the special-purpose seedling medium of embodiment 1 described Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, and most of indexs are all a little more than other matrix, and test shows that the special-purpose seedling medium of the Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables of the present invention's preparation has good result of use.
Claims (10)
1. the special-purpose seedling medium of a Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables, it is characterized in that: this matrix moiety comprises vinegar grain, manioc waste, plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
2. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
According to claim 1 with the special-purpose seedling mediums of 2 described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetabless, it is characterized in that: by volume calculating ratio of this matrix components is: vinegar grain 20-25%, manioc waste 10-15%, plant ash 10-15%, vermiculite 20-25%, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-25%; Ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.4-0.5kg, Repone K 0.1-0.2 kg, monoammonium phosphate 0.1-0.2 kg have also been added in the special-purpose seedling medium of described every cube of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables.
4. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this water content of substrate 25-40%, the organic content of butt matter 〉=25%, total nutrient content 1-3%, total porosity 65-85%, the EC value is 1.5-2.5mS/cm, pH is 5.5-7.5.
5. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vinegar grain, manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation, and described fermentative processing is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation vinegar grain, manioc waste to be carried out decomposition reactor system to process; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is every 100m
3Raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
According to claim 1 with the special-purpose seedling mediums of 4 described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetabless, it is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2O
5+ K
2O.
7. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described seedling medium component, be by volume: vinegar grain 20%, manioc waste 15%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.4kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.1 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.1 kg/m
3
8. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium component volume ratio is: vinegar grain 25%, manioc waste 10%, plant ash 15%, vermiculite 25%, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25%; Also contain ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.5kg/m in the described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.2 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2 kg/m
3
9. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this water content of substrate 35%, organic content 25%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content 2%, total porosity 75%, the EC value is 2mS/cm, pH is 6.5.
10. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of Chinese cabbage cabbage vegetables according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the described fermentative processing composting time is 120-180 days.
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| CN103609397A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Seedling-cultivating substrate capable of preventing and treating soil-borne diseases and production method thereof |
| CN103708952A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-04-09 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Vegetable culture medium |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |