CN101473779A - Three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable - Google Patents
Three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable Download PDFInfo
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- CN101473779A CN101473779A CNA2009100141352A CN200910014135A CN101473779A CN 101473779 A CN101473779 A CN 101473779A CN A2009100141352 A CNA2009100141352 A CN A2009100141352A CN 200910014135 A CN200910014135 A CN 200910014135A CN 101473779 A CN101473779 A CN 101473779A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a spatial soilless vegetable planting method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. selecting two or more raw substrate materials such as biogas residue, furnace slag, grass carbon, decomposed fermentative crushed crop straw, decomposed fermentative crushed wood shavings, decomposed fermentative sawdust, decomposed fermentative lees and decomposed fermentative spent mushroom, and mixing the selected raw substrate materials to prepare a culture substrate; b. erecting a spatial cultivation groove in the existing facility space; c. installing a drip irrigation system, d. planting vegetable crops on a suitable upper layer and a suitable lower layer of the cultivation groove; and e. cultivation management. In the method, the vegetable cultivation is realized by carrying the culture substrate in a certain frame groove to artificially make an 'artificial land' in the limited facility space, the soilless vegetable cultivation is convenient as land cultivation and needs no nutrient solution, and the organic substrate and solid fertilizers provide nutrients necessary for growth and development of the vegetables, which can be accepted by vegetable growers, can improve utilization ratio of the facility by 50-200%, reduce cost by 30-60% and increase yield by 50-100%.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable, belong to crops production method technical field.
Background technology:
Along with Increase of population, land resources reduces relatively, and people more and more pay attention to the research of cultivation technique without soil.Soilless culture is a kind of agricultural high-tech, has joint fertilizer, water saving, saving of labor, high yield, high-quality, is not subjected to characteristics such as region restriction and the clean health of product.But traditional nutriculture one-time investment is bigger, and operating cost is higher relatively, and the preparation of nutrient solution is grasped with the plantation administrative skill is difficult, even the product that has (as leaf vegetables) do not reach green food standard, thereby does not obtain large tracts of land and promote.
The vertical cultivation of broad sense comprises ground stereoscopic cultivation (being intercropping, interplanting) and two kinds of forms of space multistory cultivation.And the vertical cultivation of narrow sense is meant the space multistory cultivation, promptly carries out utilizing the mode that sheaf space carries out soiless and three-dimensional culture that goes up again in the cultivation of ground in booth, greenhouse.Its main planting form has intercropping between tier rack type vertical cultivation, column vertical cultivation, bag shape vertical cultivation and crop and interplanting vertical cultivation etc.
At present, the vertical cultivation that research and extension is both at home and abroad used mainly is a water planting, even matrix (mostly being inorganic matrix, as rock wool, perlite etc.) cultivation also is to provide crop required various nutrients by nutrient solution.Solid growth mode with water planting and inorganic matrix cultivation is had relatively high expectations to administrative staff's schooling and administrative skill, one-time investment is bigger, to water quality requirement than higher, needed nutrition provides by nutrient solution fully in the vegetable growth process, be unfavorable for applying on producing, the vegetable grower is technical or beyond affordability economically at present.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art and provide a kind of simple to operate, pollution-free, the three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable of low-cost, highly efficient and productive, superior product quality.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure: a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
The preparation of a, cultivation matrix:
Choose natural pond slag, slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, two or more the matrix raw material in the mushroom residue of the broken crops straw of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the broken wood shavings of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the sawdust of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the vinasse of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed mix and to be made into cultivation matrix;
B, set up the vertical cultivation groove:
Set up the body cultivating groove at the existing facility space internal frame;
Cultivating bed is set, wide 100～120cm, furrow across back 25～30cm;
After cultivating bed is whole good, in cultivating bed central authorities along furrow to one deck cultivating groove at least is installed on the cultivating groove support;
Behind the good cultivating groove of frame the above-mentioned cultivation matrix for preparing is packed in the cultivating groove by the thickness of 12～15cm, wait for plantation;
C, installation drip irrigation system:
At cultivating groove drip irrigation equipment is installed; The trunk line of drip irrigation is installed in the end of cultivating groove;
D, the suitable cultivating groove levels planting vegetable crop of selection:
The fruit vegetables crop of happiness light is selected on the upper strata for use;
The stronger vegetable crop of shade tolerance is selected by lower floor;
E, cultivation management: cultivation management technology routinely carries out the cultivation management of vegetables.
In order further to realize purpose of the present invention, described matrix raw material preparation method of becoming thoroughly decomposed fermentation is: add the urea of 0.5kg～2kg, 0.1 cubic metre～0.2 cubic metre freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement or fresh pig dung or bright cow dung by every cubic metre of organic substrate raw material, make its water content reach 65%～70% the damping of organic substrate material then, fully mixing the back seals with plastic film, 30 days～45 days summer, in 60～90 days other seasons, make its fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fully.
For further realize that purpose of the present invention, described cultivating groove support select that brick is stamped for use, pipe of cement, steel pipe frame, timber make according to a conventional method.
In order further to realize that purpose of the present invention, described cultivating groove are selected diameter for use is to lay the tarred brown paper cultivating groove on white foamed plastic pipe cultivating groove, cement cultivating groove, vinyl disc cultivating groove or the bamboo pole underframe seat of 20cm.
In order further to realize purpose of the present invention, the specification of laying the tarred brown paper cultivating groove on described cement cultivating groove, vinyl disc cultivating groove or the bamboo pole underframe seat is: bottom land width 30cm, and groove wide 20cm suitable for reading, groove depth is 12～15cm.
In order further to realize purpose of the present invention, described diameter is that the preparation method that the white foamed plastic pipe of 20cm is made cultivating groove is: on same straight line of the white foamed plastic pipe of 20cm, make a call to the implantation hole that a diameter is 15cm every 33cm, two of plastic tube respectively connects a wryneck that bore is identical, the mouth of wryneck and implantation hole are on same straight line, can seal tube head again can be in the wryneck mouth planting vegetable, all joining places of plastic tube all need seal with special plastic glue.
In order further to realize purpose of the present invention, described to set up the body cultivating groove at the existing facility space internal frame be to set up the body cultivating groove at plastic tunnel, greenhouse by solar heat, beam-connected greenhouse or attached-greenhouse internal frame.
In order further to realize purpose of the present invention, the trend of described cultivating groove: south-north direction in the greenhouse by solar heat; The trend of cultivating groove is consistent with the trend of booth in the plastic tunnel; The cultivating groove trend is decided according to the convenient management degree in beam-connected greenhouse or the attached-greenhouse.
In order further to realize purpose of the present invention, the described height that sets up cultivating groove apart from ground: be 70cm～100cm in greenhouse by solar heat and the plastic tunnel; The interior lower floor of beam-connected greenhouse and attached-greenhouse cultivating groove is high 100cm apart from ground, and the upper strata is apart from the cultivating groove 100～120cm of lower floor.
The present invention can produce following good effect compared with the prior art: the present invention is according to the requirement to environmental condition of various vegetables growth characteristics and different vegetable kind, utilize agricultural byproducts the like waste formulated cultivation matrix after hot fermentation is handled, in limited facility soil and space, carry out low cost, highly efficient and productive three-dimensional vegetable hydroponics.This method belongs to the layer frame vertical cultivation in the soilless culture, its in facility as utilizing certain material to erect one deck cultivating groove in greenhouse or the booth, pack into after the matrix for preparing and a certain amount of organic manure fully mixed and carry out the three-dimensional vegetable cultivation in the cultivating groove, in whole vegetables production process, do not water nutrient solution, only water clear water, nutrition required in the vegetable crop process of growth is provided by the organic substrate for preparing, this method organically combines soilless culture and vertical cultivation, make environment-friendly type, economizing type, intensification, efficiently, facilities vegetable production cheaply becomes a reality, this method utilizes local waste resource or cheap material as cultivation matrix, the fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer that utilize various places to be easy to get, all advantages that not only have traditional soilless culture, and the one-time investment of soiless and three-dimensional culture system is obviously reduced, and it is simple to operate, pollution-free, water saving, the saving of labor, save time, superior product quality, can reach the standard of " the AA level pollution-free food " of the promulgation of Chinese pollution-free food center, can improve facility utilization rate 50%～200%, reduce cost 30%～60%, increase output 50%～100%.Be 5～10 years effective service life of frame groove one-time investment, and the vegetable grower is easy to accept.
Embodiment: following the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated:
Embodiment:
A kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable, it comprises the steps:
1, the preparation of cultivation matrix:
Select slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, broken crops straw, broken wood shavings, sawdust, vinasse, natural pond slag, mushroom residue the like waste raw material for use as the vertical cultivation organic substrate.Can select the raw material of the local waste resource that suits as required as organic substrate.The discarded mushroom residue of producing the many available edible mushrooms of edible mushroom as the locality is the main matrix material; Maize planting, wheat, soybean, peanut area how can stalk be the main matrix material; Do main host material by near selected for use the vinasse of brewery; Local woodworking mill is many can broken wood shavings or sawdust do main host material; In a word with can gather materials on the spot, cheap raw material are advisable, to reduce cost.
Above-mentioned raw material all need hot fermentation to handle the back use except that natural pond slag, slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses.
The concrete grammar that hot fermentation is handled is: add the urea of 0.5～2kg, 0.1～0.2 cubic metre freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement or fresh pig dung or bright cow dung by every cubic metre of organic substrate raw material, make its water content reach 65%～70% the damping of organic substrate material then, fully mixing the back seals with plastic film, 30 days～45 days summer, in 60～90 days other seasons, make its fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fully.The length of yeast phase mainly is subjected to Temperature Influence, and the megathermal period is short, and hypothermic phase can be grown.
Choose above-mentioned natural pond slag, slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, two or more the matrix raw material in the mushroom residue of the broken crops straw of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the broken wood shavings of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the sawdust of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the vinasse of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed mix and to be made into cultivation matrix.Available matrix formulations has:
Select slag for use and the sawdust of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the volume ratio of the sawdust of the slag and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 4:6.
Select the slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses for use, the volume ratio of the slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses is 6:4.
Select slag for use and the mushroom residue of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the volume ratio of the mushroom residue of the slag and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 3:7.
Select slag for use and the straw of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the volume ratio of the straw of the slag and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2:8.
Select the mushroom residue of the straw of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed for use, the volume ratio of the mushroom residue of the straw of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5:5.
Select the straw of the vinasse of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed for use, the volume ratio of the straw of the vinasse of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 3:7.
Select the peat composed of rotten mosses for use, the stalk of the mushroom residue of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the mushroom residue of the peat composed of rotten mosses, the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the volume ratio of stalk of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed are 3:3:4.
Select the straw of the vinasse of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mushroom residue of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed for use, the volume ratio of the straw of the vinasse of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the mushroom residue of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 3:3:4.
The mixed proportion of its material can be decided as required, and whether main consideration is drawn materials makes things convenient for and price, cost problem.The interior planting vegetable of the cultivating groove of can packing into after host material behind the hot fermentation prepares by a certain percentage.
2, set up the vertical cultivation groove: (following aerial cultivation layer is called cultivating groove; Ground cultivation layer is called cultivating bed)
Set up the body cultivating groove at existing facility space such as plastic tunnel, greenhouse by solar heat, beam-connected greenhouse, attached-greenhouse internal frame.
Cultivating bed is set, wide 100～120cm, furrow across back 25～30cm.
After cultivating bed is whole good, in cultivating bed central authorities along furrow to erecting one deck cultivating groove at least.
Cultivating groove selects for use timbering materials such as brick is stamped, pipe of cement, steel pipe frame, timber to make the cultivating groove support according to a conventional method, if firm, take up an area of less, economical and practical both can, on the cultivating groove support, cultivating groove is installed.
It is to lay tarred brown paper cultivating groove etc. on the white foamed plastic pipe cultivating groove, cement cultivating groove, vinyl disc cultivating groove, bamboo pole underframe seat of 20cm that cultivating groove can be selected diameter as required for use;
The specification of laying the tarred brown paper cultivating groove on cement cultivating groove, vinyl disc cultivating groove, the bamboo pole underframe seat is: bottom land width 30cm, groove wide 20cm suitable for reading, wide normal growth but also the operation inconvenience that not only influences the lower floor vegetables, groove depth is 12～15cm, and the length of cultivating groove is decided according to the span in greenhouse or the length of booth.
With diameter is that the method that the white foamed plastic pipe of 20cm is made cultivating groove is: on same straight line of plastic tube, make a call to the implantation hole that a diameter is 15cm every 33cm, two of plastic tube respectively connects a wryneck that bore is identical, the mouth of wryneck and implantation hole are on same straight line, can seal tube head again can be in the wryneck mouth planting vegetable, and elegant in appearance.All joining places of plastic tube all need to seal with special plastic glue, influence the growth of lower floor vegetables in order to avoid leak or drip when watering.
The trend of cultivating groove: south-north direction in the greenhouse by solar heat; The trend of cultivating groove is consistent with the trend of booth in the booth, so that management; The cultivating groove trend is decided according to the convenient management degree in beam-connected greenhouse and the attached-greenhouse.
The height on frame slot pitch ground: be generally 70cm～100cm in greenhouse by solar heat and the plastic tunnel, main according to wanting the kind of planting vegetable to decide, all plant short living vegetables frame height as levels and be advisable with 100cm; Plant short living vegetables as lower floor, the upper strata plantation is hung climing fruit vegetables frame height and is advisable with 80cm, reserves sufficient growing space can for like this upper strata vegetables.Can increase one deck again in beam-connected greenhouse and the attached-greenhouse, lower floor's cultivating groove is high 100cm apart from ground, and the upper strata gets final product apart from the cultivating groove 100～120cm of lower floor.
Behind the good cultivating groove of frame the above-mentioned cultivation matrix for preparing is packed in the cultivating groove by the thickness of 12～15cm, wait for plantation.
3, drip irrigation system is installed:
In order to economize on water, to water conveniently, the levels of the vertical cultivation groove in the facility is preferably all installed drip irrigation equipment.The trunk line of drip irrigation should be installed in the end of cultivating groove so that plant planting management.
4, select suitable levels planting vegetable crop:
The upper strata is selected the happiness fruit vegetables of light such as solanberry class, melon and beans, strawberry etc. for use;
The stronger vegetable crop of shade tolerance is selected by lower floor.As celery, leek, wild cabbage; Living leaf vegetables of speed such as little rape, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, spinach; Edible fungi etc.
Capsicum, short uncivilized nation eggplant etc. can be planted by high temperature season lower floor.
5, cultivation management: cultivation management technology routinely carries out the cultivation management of vegetables.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
The preparation of a, cultivation matrix:
Choose natural pond slag, slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, two or more the matrix raw material in the mushroom residue of the broken crops straw of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the broken wood shavings of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the sawdust of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the vinasse of the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed mix and to be made into cultivation matrix;
B, set up the vertical cultivation groove:
Set up the body cultivating groove at the existing facility space internal frame;
Cultivating bed is set, wide 100～120cm, furrow across back 25～30cm;
After cultivating bed is whole good, in cultivating bed central authorities along furrow to one deck cultivating groove at least is installed on the cultivating groove support;
Behind the good cultivating groove of frame the above-mentioned cultivation matrix for preparing is packed in the cultivating groove by the thickness of 12～15cm, wait for plantation;
C, installation drip irrigation system:
At cultivating groove drip irrigation equipment is installed; The trunk line of drip irrigation is installed in the end of cultivating groove;
D, the suitable cultivating groove levels planting vegetable crop of selection:
The fruit vegetables crop of happiness light is selected on the upper strata for use;
The stronger vegetable crop of shade tolerance is selected by lower floor;
E, cultivation management: cultivation management technology routinely carries out the cultivation management of vegetables.
2, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described matrix raw material preparation method of becoming thoroughly decomposed fermentation is: add the urea of 0.5kg～2kg, 0.1 cubic metre～0.2 cubic metre freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement or fresh pig dung or bright cow dung by every cubic metre of organic substrate raw material, make its water content reach 65%～70% the damping of organic substrate material then, fully mixing the back seals with plastic film, 30 days～45 days summer, in 60～90 days other seasons, make its fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fully.
3, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 1 is characterized in that described cultivating groove support selects that brick is stamped for use, pipe of cement, steel pipe frame, timber make according to a conventional method.
4, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is to lay the tarred brown paper cultivating groove on white foamed plastic pipe cultivating groove, cement cultivating groove, vinyl disc cultivating groove or the bamboo pole underframe seat of 20cm that described cultivating groove is selected diameter for use.
5, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the specification of laying the tarred brown paper cultivating groove on described cement cultivating groove, vinyl disc cultivating groove or the bamboo pole underframe seat is: bottom land width 30cm, groove wide 20cm suitable for reading, groove depth is 12～15cm.
6, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described diameter is that the preparation method that the white foamed plastic pipe of 20cm is made cultivating groove is: on same straight line of the white foamed plastic pipe of 20cm, make a call to the implantation hole that a diameter is 15cm every 33cm, two of plastic tube respectively connects a wryneck that bore is identical, the mouth of wryneck and implantation hole are on same straight line, can seal tube head again can be in the wryneck mouth planting vegetable, all joining places of plastic tube all need seal with special plastic glue.
7, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 1 is characterized in that described to set up the body cultivating groove at the existing facility space internal frame be to set up the body cultivating groove at plastic tunnel, greenhouse by solar heat, beam-connected greenhouse or attached-greenhouse internal frame.
8, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 7 is characterized in that the trend of described cultivating groove: south-north direction in the greenhouse by solar heat; The trend of cultivating groove is consistent with the trend of booth in the plastic tunnel; The cultivating groove trend is decided according to the convenient management degree in beam-connected greenhouse or the attached-greenhouse.
9, a kind of three-dimensional soilless planting method of vegetable according to claim 7 is characterized in that the described height that sets up cultivating groove apart from ground: be 70cm～100cm in greenhouse by solar heat and the plastic tunnel; The interior lower floor of beam-connected greenhouse and attached-greenhouse cultivating groove is high 100cm apart from ground, and the upper strata is apart from the cultivating groove 100～120cm of lower floor.
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| CN2389466Y (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2000-08-02 | 慕山君 | Three-D flower soilless cultivation device |
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2009
- 2009-02-06 CN CN2009100141352A patent/CN101473779B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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