CN106577236A - Organic ecological soilless cultivation technology for eggplants - Google Patents

Organic ecological soilless cultivation technology for eggplants Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106577236A
CN106577236A CN201611198078.4A CN201611198078A CN106577236A CN 106577236 A CN106577236 A CN 106577236A CN 201611198078 A CN201611198078 A CN 201611198078A CN 106577236 A CN106577236 A CN 106577236A
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matrix
cultivation
eggplant
organic ecological
ecological soilless
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CN201611198078.4A
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杜翔宇
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02Special apparatus therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

An organic ecological soilless cultivation technology for eggplants is characterized by comprising the following process: selection, preparation and disinfection of substrates, construction of a facility system for organic ecological soilless cultivation, final planting, and management and harvesting after final planting. Problems existing in traditional soil cultivation methods for eggplant are solved, and the organic ecological soilless cultivation technology for the eggplants is realized.

Description

Eggplant organic ecological soilless culture technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, specifically a kind of eggplant organic ecological soilless culture technology.
Background technology
At present, China's eggplant cultivation, mainly using traditional covering with ground sheeting and outdoor cropping isotype, is all native cultivation.Soil Cultivation nutrient loss ratio about 50% or so, due to applying fertilizers scientifically, technology moisture is low in China rural area, and utilization rate of fertilizer is lower, only 30-40%, the nutrient more than half all have lost, in soil fertilizer dissolve and be absorbed by plants profit process it is very complicated, not only There are many losses, and the loss of various nutrients is different, makes to be difficult to maintain balance between each element in the soil liquid.And soil Earth easily infects disease, accumulates salinity, there are problems that yield declines increasingly.
The content of the invention
The present invention is technical problem present in the traditional eggplant soil cultivation method of solution, according to plant physiology principle, Invent a kind of eggplant organic ecological soilless culture technology.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme taken, eggplant organic ecological soilless culture technology, It is characterized in that including procedure below:
1st, the selection of matrix is prepared and sterilized
The selection of 1.1 matrix.
The selection of matrix to follow gather materials on the spot, cost-effective principle, including inorganic matrix and organic substrate.It is inorganic Matrix is such as:Grit, perlite, boiler ash sediment, rock wool, haydite, smoked charcoal, weathered coal, vacuolar membrane plastics, vermiculite etc.;Organic substrate is such as: Turf, plastic foam, wood sawdust, stalk, rice husk, peanut shell, mushroom slag, schlempe, bagasse, cocoanut shell and leaf, bark, rice Shell, stalk, feces of livestock and poultry etc..
The preparation of 1.2 matrix.
Organic ecological soilless culture substrate is typically chosen 2-3 kinds organic substrate and 2-3 kind inorganic matrixes are mixed, and commonly uses Substrate composition be turf: vermiculite=2-3: 1, or turf: vermiculite: pearl=1: 1: 1, or turf: vermiculite: useless mushroom slag=1: 1: 1. Can also gather materials on the spot, such as:Mushroom slag: cornstalk: slag=1: 2: 2;Cornstalk after fermentation: mushroom slag: chicken manure: cow dung: stove Slag=7: 2.5: 1: 1: 6 etc..Charging the last week, the matrix for fermenting fully is mixed into (slag must sieve) in proportion, per cube Rice addition sterilization chicken manure 10-15kg, high-quality NPK (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) 2.5-3kg, or two ammonium 2.5-3kg, Potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg, is sufficiently mixed uniform standby with matrix.
1.3 cultivation matrixes are sterilized.
To prevent matrix from carrying germ, need to carry out disinfection, especially with the matrix after crossing once sterilization is more should be noted that.Often Sterilization method has solar disinfection, chemicals process.1. solar disinfection.Time is preferably selected in month summer 7-8, disappears Malicious place can be in vinyl house or greenhouse, and method is that organic substrate is piled into height, wide each 1m or so, length depending on consumption, Matrix should be first squirted during code heap, makes water content reach 75%-85%.After the good matrix of heap, obturaged with film, fully exposed in the sun 15-25d is shone, is carried out disinfection by greenhouse effects and fermentation high temperature.For stalk, Sunflower Stalk, sawdust, bark, leaf and in Dregs of a decoction etc., fibre-bearing is more, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, becomes thoroughly decomposed more difficult, should adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio, promotes fermentation to decompose.2. chemical method.With excellent Matter carbendazim, every cubic metre of matrix adds 200g, uses by being well mixed with matrix.
2nd, the facility system of organic ecological soilless culture builds the making of 2.1 cultivation beds.
Adopting trough cultivation organic ecological soilless culture system, building materials can select the material that locality is easy to get more, such as with plank, Batten, bamboo pole, fragment of brick etc., cultivation bed is divided into two kinds of ground type and semi-underground type.1. ground type.Groove frame selects 24cm10cm5cm Standard common brick build, groove internal diameter be 48cm, external diameter 72cm, groove depth 15-20cm (i.e. code 3-4 layers brick on the ground), cultivation Depending on training slot length foundation protecting field canopy room building situation, generally 5-30m, separation 60-100cm.South-north direction north Gao Nan Low, bottom angled degree 5 or so opens a wide 20cm, " U " type groove of depth 10cm in the middle of bottom land, digs between every two groove in the south between groove One depth 30cm, the pitting of diameter 30cm, with profit excessive ponding is excluded.Bottom land and four walls paving 0.08-0.1mm thick bilayer film Isolate with soil.2. semi-underground type.Greenhouse is watered makes soil flatten after implementing, and ditches by specification on ground, and specification is interior Footpath is 60cm, groove depth 25cm, flute length 6.5m, and separation 60-80cm, bottom treatment is identical with ground type, bottom land and four wall films Complete, one layer of brick is pressed on both sides.
2.2 filling matrix.
The rough coal slag 3-5cm of diameter 1-2cm is first spread in set " U " type groove, (if bottom land does not build " U " type groove, Thick slag 3-5cm can be directly spread at cultivation bed bottom), then double braid bag is spread thereon, for water conservation, then will ferment Matrix fill cultivation bed, and irrigated with water practicable, and take advantage of a favourable situation to flatten.
2.3 drip irrigation facilities are installed.
Each facility should set up independent water system, per cultivation bed 1-2 root diameter 1.5cm, every the modeling of the apertures of 30cm mono- Material drip irrigation hose (or 1 micro-nozzle), then uses plastic film mulching cultivation groove.
3rd, it is colonized
15d facilities carry out disinfection before field planting.Matrix pours permeable before groove training field planting, and groove trains little line-spacing 28cm, wide row space 112cm, strain Away from 50cm, per mu of cultivation 1900-2000 strain, using duplicate rows dislocation field planting method, field planting depth is nutritive cube and cultivation bed matrix furrow face It is equal.
4th, the management after being colonized
4.1 temperature treatment.
Seedling Stage thermophilic is 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of daytime, at 16 DEG C -20 DEG C of night, yields positive results the phase for 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of daytime, night 15 DEG C -20 DEG C, note increasing the Insulation in greenhouse in season severe winter, minimum temperature is not less than 13 DEG C, runs into extreme low temperature, can One layer of old canopy film of lid again on straw screen or mat, and 1-2 layer straw screen or mat is laterally pressed in greenhouse front end, 1 DEG C -2 DEG C of room temperature can be improved.
4.2 illumination.
Eggplant enjoys light, and sufficient illumination should be kept in cultivation.In addition to the film for selecting light transmittance higher, Jing is also answered often to clean thin Film, and Reflecting curtain is hanged up in Hou Qiang, increase illumination.After weather gets warm again after a cold spell, morning as far as possible takes off late lid straw mat, extends light application time. Fruiting period, can use light-supplementing system, to promote the raising of yield when having ready conditions.
4.3 water management.
Irrigation quantity is determined according to the dry and wet degree of cultivation matrix, Changes in weather, season and plant size after field planting.Soil humidity 65%-70% being maintained at before door eggplant sits to be advisable, after door eggplant sits, should improving the humidity of matrix, water content is maintained at 75%- 80% is advisable.General winter per 3-4d drip irrigations 1 time, each 5-15min, the time is shorter before bearing fruit, and time length is a little after bearing fruit, with guarantor Card Fruit needs;After temperature gos up within 2 months, pour water daily 1 time, temperature is higher after summer has set in, and irrigation times should increase, daily Pour 2 times, respectively in the morning 9:30 or so and afternoon 5:00 or so, and extend irrigation time, it is every time 15-20min.Note every 3d checks a water supply in media situation, prevents water supply in media excessive, causes and macerates root.
4.4 fertilising.
20d starts to topdress after field planting, according to plant growing way, the 1st fertilizer is typically chased after at door eggplant " staring ", chases after every 15d later Fertilizer 1 time.By ecological organic soilless culture special fertilizer and high-quality NPK (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) by 6: 4 part by weight Mixing, it is another in every 100kg mixed fertilizers to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 3kg.As a result per plant of early stage is topdressed every time 15g, as a result contains per plant of phase each 20g, and fertilizer is applied in the scope beyond plant root 5cm, and waters in time.Also can use and fill The cow dung and chicken manure for dividing fermentation maturity coordinates to be topdressed, to reduce fertilizer cost, it is also possible to impose biogas slurry.Big quantization can not be applied Fertilizer.Uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 1 month and stop topdressing.
4.5 Plant adjustment.
Using double dry trainings.It is appropriate to extract base portion 1 ~ 2 old leaf, yellow leaf after door eggplant bears fruit.When door eggplant is expanded, by door eggplant inferior lobe Piece is all destroyed, and the later stage only stays 2 leaves, remaining old leaf and unnecessary side shoot all to remove under each eggplant fruit.
4.6 flower and fruit protecting.
In SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING 2d, anthocaulus is smeared with 2, the 4-D solution of 40-45mg/kg, or it is molten with 2, the 4-D of 35-40mg/kg Liquid dips in flower, promotes to bear fruit, to improve yield.Season severe winter can also add a small amount of gibberellin in colored liquid is dipped in, and prevent deadlock, dehiscent fruit Occur.
5th, harvest
Eggplant should harvest in time door, preventing and treating pendant seedling.Afterwards according to fruit development time, season, market Deng timely collecting.
Technique effect
The solution have the advantages that, using above-mentioned technical proposal, solve the problems, such as soil cultivation, it is possible to achieve Yi Zhongqie Sub- organic ecological soilless culture technology.This cultivation technique, makes nutrient not only will not lose, and keeps balance, according to not Same growing stage, scientifically supplies nutrient, so crop growth is healthy and strong, growth potential is strong, and yield potential can give full play of Come, for proportion of crop planting has higher promotional value.
Specific embodiment
1st, the selection of 1.1 matrix is prepared and sterilized in the selection of matrix.
The selection of matrix to follow gather materials on the spot, cost-effective principle, including inorganic matrix and organic substrate.It is inorganic Matrix is such as:Grit, perlite, boiler ash sediment, rock wool, haydite, smoked charcoal, weathered coal, vacuolar membrane plastics, vermiculite etc.;Organic substrate is such as: Turf, plastic foam, wood sawdust, stalk, rice husk, peanut shell, mushroom slag, schlempe, bagasse, cocoanut shell and leaf, bark, rice Shell, stalk, feces of livestock and poultry etc..
The preparation of 1.2 matrix.
Organic ecological soilless culture substrate is typically chosen 2-3 kinds organic substrate and 2-3 kind inorganic matrixes are mixed, and commonly uses Substrate composition be turf: vermiculite=2-3: 1, or turf: vermiculite: pearl=1: 1: 1, or turf: vermiculite: useless mushroom slag=1: 1: 1. Can also gather materials on the spot, such as:Mushroom slag: cornstalk: slag=1: 2: 2;Cornstalk after fermentation: mushroom slag: chicken manure: cow dung: stove Slag=7: 2.5: 1: 1: 6 etc..Charging the last week, the matrix for fermenting fully is mixed into (slag must sieve) in proportion, per cube Rice addition sterilization chicken manure 10-15kg, high-quality NPK (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) 2.5-3kg, or two ammonium 2.5-3kg, Potassium sulfate 1-1.5kg, is sufficiently mixed uniform standby with matrix.
1.3 cultivation matrixes are sterilized.
To prevent matrix from carrying germ, need to carry out disinfection, especially with the matrix after crossing once sterilization is more should be noted that.Often Sterilization method has solar disinfection, chemicals process.1. solar disinfection.Time is preferably selected in month summer 7-8, disappears Malicious place can be in vinyl house or greenhouse, and method is that organic substrate is piled into height, wide each 1m or so, length depending on consumption, Matrix should be first squirted during code heap, makes water content reach 75%-85%.After the good matrix of heap, obturaged with film, fully exposed in the sun 15-25d is shone, is carried out disinfection by greenhouse effects and fermentation high temperature.For stalk, Sunflower Stalk, sawdust, bark, leaf and in Dregs of a decoction etc., fibre-bearing is more, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, becomes thoroughly decomposed more difficult, should adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio, promotes fermentation to decompose.2. chemical method.With excellent Matter carbendazim, every cubic metre of matrix adds 200g, uses by being well mixed with matrix.
2nd, the facility system of organic ecological soilless culture builds the making of 2.1 cultivation beds.
Adopting trough cultivation organic ecological soilless culture system, building materials can select the material that locality is easy to get more, such as with plank, Batten, bamboo pole, fragment of brick etc., cultivation bed is divided into two kinds of ground type and semi-underground type.1. ground type.Groove frame selects 24cm10cm5cm Standard common brick build, groove internal diameter be 48cm, external diameter 72cm, groove depth 15-20cm (i.e. code 3-4 layers brick on the ground), cultivation Depending on training slot length foundation protecting field canopy room building situation, generally 5-30m, separation 60-100cm.South-north direction north Gao Nan Low, bottom angled degree 5 or so opens a wide 20cm, " U " type groove of depth 10cm in the middle of bottom land, digs between every two groove in the south between groove One depth 30cm, the pitting of diameter 30cm, with profit excessive ponding is excluded.Bottom land and four walls paving 0.08-0.1mm thick bilayer film Isolate with soil.2. semi-underground type.Greenhouse is watered makes soil flatten after implementing, and ditches by specification on ground, and specification is interior Footpath is 60cm, groove depth 25cm, flute length 6.5m, and separation 60-80cm, bottom treatment is identical with ground type, bottom land and four wall films Complete, one layer of brick is pressed on both sides.
2.2 filling matrix.
The rough coal slag 3-5cm of diameter 1-2cm is first spread in set " U " type groove, (if bottom land does not build " U " type groove, Thick slag 3-5cm can be directly spread at cultivation bed bottom), then double braid bag is spread thereon, for water conservation, then will ferment Matrix fill cultivation bed, and irrigated with water practicable, and take advantage of a favourable situation to flatten.
2.3 drip irrigation facilities are installed.
Each facility should set up independent water system, per cultivation bed 1-2 root diameter 1.5cm, every the modeling of the apertures of 30cm mono- Material drip irrigation hose (or 1 micro-nozzle), then uses plastic film mulching cultivation groove.
3rd, it is colonized
15d facilities carry out disinfection before field planting.Matrix pours permeable before groove training field planting, and groove trains little line-spacing 28cm, wide row space 112cm, strain Away from 50cm, per mu of cultivation 1900-2000 strain, using duplicate rows dislocation field planting method, field planting depth is nutritive cube and cultivation bed matrix furrow face It is equal.
4th, the management after being colonized
4.1 temperature treatment.
Seedling Stage thermophilic is 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of daytime, at 16 DEG C -20 DEG C of night, yields positive results the phase for 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of daytime, night 15 DEG C -20 DEG C, note increasing the Insulation in greenhouse in season severe winter, minimum temperature is not less than 13 DEG C, runs into extreme low temperature, can One layer of old canopy film of lid again on straw screen or mat, and 1-2 layer straw screen or mat is laterally pressed in greenhouse front end, 1 DEG C -2 DEG C of room temperature can be improved.
4.2 illumination.
Eggplant enjoys light, and sufficient illumination should be kept in cultivation.In addition to the film for selecting light transmittance higher, Jing is also answered often to clean thin Film, and Reflecting curtain is hanged up in Hou Qiang, increase illumination.After weather gets warm again after a cold spell, morning as far as possible takes off late lid straw mat, extends light application time. Fruiting period, can use light-supplementing system, to promote the raising of yield when having ready conditions.
4.3 water management.
Irrigation quantity is determined according to the dry and wet degree of cultivation matrix, Changes in weather, season and plant size after field planting.Soil humidity 65%-70% being maintained at before door eggplant sits to be advisable, after door eggplant sits, should improving the humidity of matrix, water content is maintained at 75%- 80% is advisable.General winter per 3-4d drip irrigations 1 time, each 5-15min, the time is shorter before bearing fruit, and time length is a little after bearing fruit, with guarantor Card Fruit needs;After temperature gos up within 2 months, pour water daily 1 time, temperature is higher after summer has set in, and irrigation times should increase, daily Pour 2 times, respectively in the morning 9:30 or so and afternoon 5:00 or so, and extend irrigation time, it is every time 15-20min.Note every 3d checks a water supply in media situation, prevents water supply in media excessive, causes and macerates root.
4.4 fertilising.
20d starts to topdress after field planting, according to plant growing way, the 1st fertilizer is typically chased after at door eggplant " staring ", chases after every 15d later Fertilizer 1 time.By ecological organic soilless culture special fertilizer and high-quality NPK (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) by 6: 4 part by weight Mixing, it is another in every 100kg mixed fertilizers to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 3kg.As a result per plant of early stage is topdressed every time 15g, as a result contains per plant of phase each 20g, and fertilizer is applied in the scope beyond plant root 5cm, and waters in time.Also can use and fill The cow dung and chicken manure for dividing fermentation maturity coordinates to be topdressed, to reduce fertilizer cost, it is also possible to impose biogas slurry.Big quantization can not be applied Fertilizer.Uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 1 month and stop topdressing.
4.5 Plant adjustment.
Using double dry trainings.It is appropriate to extract base portion 1 ~ 2 old leaf, yellow leaf after door eggplant bears fruit.When door eggplant is expanded, by door eggplant inferior lobe Piece is all destroyed, and the later stage only stays 2 leaves, remaining old leaf and unnecessary side shoot all to remove under each eggplant fruit.
4.6 flower and fruit protecting.
In SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING 2d, with 2, the 4-D solution of 40-45mg/kg anthocaulus is smeared, or with 2, the 4-D solution of 35-40mg/kg Flower is dipped in, promotes to bear fruit, to improve yield.Season severe winter can also add a small amount of gibberellin in colored liquid is dipped in, and prevent deadlock, dehiscent fruit from going out It is existing.
5th, harvest
Eggplant should harvest in time door, preventing and treating pendant seedling.Afterwards according to timely collectings such as fruit development time, season, markets.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of eggplant organic ecological soilless culture technology, is characterized in that including procedure below:The selection of matrix is prepared and disappeared Management and harvesting after poison, facility system construction, field planting, the field planting of organic ecological soilless culture.
CN201611198078.4A 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Organic ecological soilless cultivation technology for eggplants Pending CN106577236A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611198078.4A CN106577236A (en) 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Organic ecological soilless cultivation technology for eggplants

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN106577236A true CN106577236A (en) 2017-04-26

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108046890A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-18 沿河土家族自治县双强牧业有限责任公司 A kind of eggplant seedling raising matrix and preparation method thereof
CN108409459A (en) * 2018-05-27 2018-08-17 陕西杨凌霖科生态工程有限公司 A kind of matrix for long-term cropping is rested the head on
CN109169158A (en) * 2018-07-27 2019-01-11 安龙县神农绿野种养殖农民专业合作社 A kind of cultural method of eggplant
CN109691376A (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-30 由书林 A kind of organic culture substrate in fish and vegetable symbiotic system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109691376A (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-04-30 由书林 A kind of organic culture substrate in fish and vegetable symbiotic system
CN108046890A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-18 沿河土家族自治县双强牧业有限责任公司 A kind of eggplant seedling raising matrix and preparation method thereof
CN108409459A (en) * 2018-05-27 2018-08-17 陕西杨凌霖科生态工程有限公司 A kind of matrix for long-term cropping is rested the head on
CN109169158A (en) * 2018-07-27 2019-01-11 安龙县神农绿野种养殖农民专业合作社 A kind of cultural method of eggplant

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Application publication date: 20170426