CN112616590A - Method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops - Google Patents

Method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops Download PDF

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CN112616590A
CN112616590A CN202110029757.3A CN202110029757A CN112616590A CN 112616590 A CN112616590 A CN 112616590A CN 202110029757 A CN202110029757 A CN 202110029757A CN 112616590 A CN112616590 A CN 112616590A
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fermentation
prepared
planting
maotai
tank
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CN112616590B (en
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邱粤
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Wanglifu Liquor Ltd
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Wanglifu Liquor Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/12Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/44Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of crop planting methods, and particularly relates to a method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a nutrient material; s2, seed treatment; s3, soil preparation; s4, sowing; and (5) field management. The invention fully utilizes the vinasse as the main material, and the nutrient material obtained by reasonable blending not only can provide necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the wheat and the sorghum, promote the rapid rooting of the wheat and the sorghum and improve the survival rate, but also has excellent disinsection effect, so that the whole planting process of the wheat and the sorghum is harmless to the ecological environment, chemical fertilizers are not used, the used pesticides are harmless to the environment, the produced wheat and the sorghum have good quality and are natural without residues, and the quality of the soy sauce flavor wine prepared by taking the vinasse as the raw material is powerfully ensured.

Description

Method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting methods, and particularly relates to a method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops.
Background
At present, the Maotai-flavor liquor in Renhuai is mainly prepared from sorghum and wheat; the traditional sorghum and wheat planting method generally uses a large amount of substances such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the method is high in cost, and can cause environmental pollution, especially pollution to soil and water resources, and in addition, the large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can cause harmful chemical components to remain in the produced sorghum and wheat, so that the quality of Maotai-flavor liquor is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting Maotai-flavor organic liquor raw material crops, which is harmless to the ecological environment in the planting process, does not use chemical fertilizers, and is harmless to the environment for the pesticides used.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a nutrient material: mixing distiller's grains, crushed straws, biogas slurry, wormwood, pyrethrum and Artemisia selengensis according to the weight ratio of 100: (25-35): (15-25): (10-20): (7-15): (3-12) mixing in proportion and crushing to obtain a mixture, stacking the mixture into a fermentation tank with the depth of 1.5-2m, covering a plurality of layers of films on the top of the fermentation tank, sealing the top with yellow mud, fermenting for 15-30 days, and taking out the nutrient materials obtained by fermentation in the fermentation tank for later use; the fermentation tank consists of a main tank and an auxiliary tank, the main tank is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a porous partition plate, the upper layer is used for placing a mixture, and the lower layer is communicated with the auxiliary tank; the top of the auxiliary pool is covered with a sealing cover; the nutrient material consists of a fermentation material and fermentation liquor; the fermentation material is a solid material placed on the upper layer of the main tank after fermentation is finished; the fermentation liquor is liquid in the lower layer of the main tank and the auxiliary tank after fermentation is finished; equally dividing the fermentation liquor into three parts, heating and concentrating one part of the fermentation liquor to one fourth to three fifths of the original volume (indicating the volume of the fermentation liquor), and preparing a nutrient solution for later use; heating and concentrating the other part of fermentation liquor to one tenth to one seventh of the original volume (indicating the volume of the part of fermentation liquor) to prepare the pesticide for later use; the last part is used as rooting liquid for standby.
S2, seed treatment: and (3) uniformly mixing the seeds with full grains and no diseases and insect pests with the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 according to the proportion of 10 (0.5-2.5), putting the mixture into an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for culturing for 2-5 days, and spraying the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 once at intervals of 12-16 hours, wherein the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is one half to four fifths of that of the nutrient solution used for mixing the seeds for the first time.
S3, soil preparation: selecting a plot with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, firstly spreading a layer of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 with the thickness of 2-5mm on the plot, and then deeply turning for 15-20 cm; then, a plurality of rows of ditches are arranged in the land, and 100-150kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 80-120kg of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 are applied in each mu of the ditches.
S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the seeds processed in the step S2 in the ditch, covering with soil, and completing sowing; and (3) pouring 100-150kg of rooting liquid prepared in the step S1 into each mu of land after the sowing is finished for 2-3 hours.
S5, field management: and (4) spraying the insecticide prepared in the step (S1) to the field every month after the seeds germinate.
Further, the nutrient solution in step S1 is prepared by heating and concentrating one of the three fermentation broths to one third of the original volume.
Further, the pesticide in step S1 is prepared by heating and concentrating another part of the three parts of fermentation broth to one eighth of the original volume.
Further, the Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crop is wheat or sorghum.
Further, in the step S1, the mixture is prepared from distiller' S grains, crushed straws, biogas slurry, wormwood, pyrethrum and wormwood according to a ratio of 100: 30: 20: 15: 12: 7 and crushing to obtain the product.
The invention fully utilizes the vinasse as the main material, and the nutrient material obtained by reasonable blending not only can provide necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the wheat and the sorghum, promote the rapid rooting of the wheat and the sorghum and improve the survival rate, but also has excellent disinsection effect, so that the whole planting process of the wheat and the sorghum is harmless to the ecological environment, chemical fertilizers are not used, the used pesticides are harmless to the environment, the produced wheat and the sorghum have good quality and are natural without residues, and the quality of the soy sauce flavor wine prepared by taking the vinasse as the raw material is powerfully ensured.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a nutrient material: mixing distiller's grains, crushed straws, biogas slurry, wormwood, pyrethrum and Artemisia selengensis according to the weight ratio of 100: 30: 20: 15: 12: 7, mixing and crushing to obtain a mixture, stacking the mixture into a fermentation tank with the depth of 1.5-2m, covering a plurality of layers of thin films on the top of the fermentation tank, sealing the top with yellow mud, fermenting for 30 days, and taking out the nutrient materials obtained by fermentation in the fermentation tank for later use; the fermentation tank consists of a main tank and an auxiliary tank, the main tank is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a porous partition plate, the upper layer is used for placing a mixture, and the lower layer is communicated with the auxiliary tank; the top of the auxiliary pool is covered with a sealing cover; the nutrient material consists of a fermentation material and fermentation liquor; the fermentation material is a solid material placed on the upper layer of the main tank after fermentation is finished; the fermentation liquor is liquid in the lower layer of the main tank and the auxiliary tank after fermentation is finished; equally dividing the fermentation liquor into three parts, heating and concentrating one part of the fermentation liquor to one third of the original volume to prepare nutrient solution for later use; heating and concentrating the other part of fermentation liquor to one eighth of the original volume to prepare the pesticide for later use; the last part is used as rooting liquid for standby.
S2, seed treatment: uniformly mixing the selected full-grain wheat or sorghum seeds without diseases and insect pests with the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 according to the ratio of 10:1, putting the mixture into an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for culturing for 3 days, and spraying the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 once every 15 hours, wherein the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is three fifths of that of the nutrient solution for mixing the seeds for the first time.
S3, soil preparation: selecting a plot with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, firstly spreading a layer of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 with the thickness of 2-3mm on the plot, and then deeply turning for 15-20 cm; then, a plurality of rows of ditches are opened in the land, and 130kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 100kg of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 are applied to each mu of the ditches.
S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the seeds processed in the step S2 in the ditch, covering with soil, and completing sowing; and (4) irrigating 120kg of rooting liquid prepared in the step S1 in each mu of land 2-3 hours after the sowing is finished.
S5, field management: and (4) spraying the insecticide prepared in the step (S1) to the field every month after the seeds germinate.
Example two:
a method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a nutrient material: mixing distiller's grains, crushed straws, biogas slurry, wormwood, pyrethrum and Artemisia selengensis according to the weight ratio of 100: 25: 25: 12: 12: 10 to obtain a mixture, stacking the mixture into a fermentation tank with the depth of 1.5-2m, covering a plurality of layers of thin films on the top of the fermentation tank, sealing the top with yellow mud, fermenting for 30 days, and taking out the nutrient materials obtained by fermentation in the fermentation tank for later use; the fermentation tank consists of a main tank and an auxiliary tank, the main tank is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a porous partition plate, the upper layer is used for placing a mixture, and the lower layer is communicated with the auxiliary tank; the top of the auxiliary pool is covered with a sealing cover; the nutrient material consists of a fermentation material and fermentation liquor; the fermentation material is a solid material placed on the upper layer of the main tank after fermentation is finished; the fermentation liquor is liquid in the lower layer of the main tank and the auxiliary tank after fermentation is finished; equally dividing the fermentation liquor into three parts, heating and concentrating one part of the fermentation liquor to one fourth of the original volume to prepare nutrient solution for later use; heating and concentrating the other part of fermentation liquor to one tenth of the original volume to prepare the pesticide for later use; the last part is used as rooting liquid for standby.
S2, seed treatment: selecting the wheat or the sorghum with full grains and no plant diseases and insect pests, and the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 according to the proportion of 10: 2, placing the mixture into an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for 5 days, and spraying the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 once every 12 hours, wherein the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is three fifths of that of the nutrient solution for mixing the seeds for the first time.
S3, soil preparation: selecting a plot with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, firstly spreading a layer of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 with the thickness of 2-5mm on the plot, and then deeply turning for 15-20 cm; then, a plurality of rows of ditches are arranged in the land, and 150kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 120kg of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 are applied to each mu of the ditches;
s4, sowing: uniformly sowing the seeds processed in the step S2 in the ditch, covering with soil, and completing sowing; 2-3 hours after the sowing is finished, 120kg of rooting liquid prepared in the step S1 is poured into each mu of land;
s5, field management: and (4) spraying the insecticide prepared in the step (S1) to the field every month after the seeds germinate.
Example three:
a method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a nutrient material: mixing distiller's grains, crushed straws, biogas slurry, wormwood, pyrethrum and Artemisia selengensis according to the weight ratio of 100: 35: 25: 13: 8: 6, mixing and crushing the materials according to the proportion to obtain a mixture, stacking the mixture into a fermentation tank with the depth of 1.5-2m, covering a plurality of layers of thin films on the top of the fermentation tank, sealing the top with yellow mud for fermentation for 20 days, and taking out the nutrient materials obtained by fermentation in the fermentation tank for later use; the fermentation tank consists of a main tank and an auxiliary tank, the main tank is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a porous partition plate, the upper layer is used for placing a mixture, and the lower layer is communicated with the auxiliary tank; the top of the auxiliary pool is covered with a sealing cover; the nutrient material consists of a fermentation material and fermentation liquor; the fermentation material is a solid material placed on the upper layer of the main tank after fermentation is finished; the fermentation liquor is liquid in the lower layer of the main tank and the auxiliary tank after fermentation is finished; equally dividing the fermentation liquor into three parts, heating and concentrating one part of the fermentation liquor to one half of the original volume to prepare nutrient solution for later use; heating and concentrating the other part of fermentation liquor to one twelfth of the original volume to prepare the pesticide for later use; the last part is used as rooting liquid for standby.
S2, seed treatment: uniformly mixing the selected wheat or sorghum seeds which are full in grains and have no plant diseases and insect pests with the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 according to the proportion of 10:1, putting the mixture into an incubator at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for culturing for 2-5 days, and spraying the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 once at intervals of 12-16 hours, wherein the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is one half of that of the nutrient solution for mixing the seeds for the first time.
S3, soil preparation: selecting a plot with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, firstly spreading a layer of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 with the thickness of 2-5mm on the plot, and then deeply turning for 15-20 cm; then, a plurality of rows of ditches are opened in the land, and 120kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 100kg of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 are applied to each mu of the ditches.
S4, sowing: uniformly sowing the seeds processed in the step S2 in the ditch, covering with soil, and completing sowing; and (4) irrigating 130kg of rooting liquid prepared in the step S1 in each mu of land 2-3 hours after the sowing is finished.
S5, field management: and (4) spraying the insecticide prepared in the step (S1) to the field every month after the seeds germinate.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for planting Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crops is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a nutrient material: mixing distiller's grains, crushed straws, biogas slurry, wormwood, pyrethrum and Artemisia selengensis according to the weight ratio of 100: (25-35): (15-25): (10-20): (7-15): (3-12) mixing in proportion and crushing to obtain a mixture, stacking the mixture into a fermentation tank with the depth of 1.5-2m, covering a plurality of layers of films on the top of the fermentation tank, sealing the top with yellow mud, fermenting for 15-30 days, and taking out the nutrient materials obtained by fermentation in the fermentation tank for later use; the fermentation tank consists of a main tank and an auxiliary tank, the main tank is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by a porous partition plate, the upper layer is used for placing a mixture, and the lower layer is communicated with the auxiliary tank; the top of the auxiliary pool is covered with a sealing cover; the nutrient material consists of a fermentation material and fermentation liquor; the fermentation material is a solid material placed on the upper layer of the main tank after fermentation is finished; the fermentation liquor is liquid in the lower layer of the main tank and the auxiliary tank after fermentation is finished; equally dividing the fermentation liquor into three parts, heating and concentrating one part of the fermentation liquor to one fourth to three fifths of the original volume to prepare nutrient solution for later use; heating and concentrating the other part of fermentation liquor to one tenth to one seventh of the original volume to prepare the pesticide for later use; the last part is used as rooting liquid for standby;
s2, seed treatment: uniformly mixing the seeds with full grains and no diseases and insect pests with the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 according to the proportion of 10 (0.5-2.5), putting the mixture into an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for culturing for 2-5 days, and spraying the nutrient solution prepared in the step S1 once at intervals of 12-16 hours, wherein the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is one half to four fifths of the amount of the nutrient solution used for mixing the seeds for the first time;
s3, soil preparation: selecting a plot with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, firstly spreading a layer of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 with the thickness of 2-5mm on the plot, and then deeply turning for 15-20 cm; then, a plurality of rows of ditches are arranged in the land, and 100-150kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 80-120kg of fermentation material prepared in the step S1 are applied in each mu of the ditches;
s4, sowing: uniformly sowing the seeds processed in the step S2 in the ditch, covering with soil, and completing sowing; 2-3 hours after the sowing is finished, 100-150kg of rooting liquid prepared in the step S1 is poured into each mu of land;
s5, field management: and (4) spraying the insecticide prepared in the step (S1) to the field every month after the seeds germinate.
2. The method for planting Maotai-flavor organic liquor raw material crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by heating and concentrating one part of three parts of fermentation liquor to one third of the original volume in step S1.
3. The method for planting Maotai-flavor organic liquor raw material crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pesticide is prepared by heating and concentrating the other part of the three parts of fermentation liquor to one eighth of the original volume in step S1.
4. The method for planting the Maotai-flavor organic liquor raw material crop as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Maotai-flavor organic liquor raw material crop is wheat or sorghum.
5. The method for planting the Maotai-flavor organic wine raw material crop as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixture in the step S1 is prepared from distiller' S grains, crushed straw, biogas slurry, mugwort, pyrethrum and Artemisia selengensis by mixing the following raw materials in a ratio of 100: 30: 20: 15: 12: 7 and crushing to obtain the product.
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