CN105557483A - Organic strawberry soilless culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic strawberry soilless culture method. According to the method, a culture medium is screened out, rotted leaves and rotted biological compost are mixed as a medium, and a culture tank mode is adopted for culture; and thus, the organic matter content in the strawberry culture medium is 294% or above of the soil, and the effective N, P and K contents are respectively 328%, 279% and 192% of the soil. When the medium is used for culturing strawberries, the yield is 157-228% of that of strawberries cultured by the soil. Due to the reduction of the pesticide consumption, the yield and quality of the strawberries can be obviously enhanced.

Description

Organic strawberry soilless culture method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of vegetables, particularly organic strawberry soilless culture method, belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation.

Background technology

Organic ecological soilless culture is a kind of emerging high-efficient soilless culture mode, it breaches the traditional concept that soilless culture must use nutrient solution, good rhizospheric environment and space environment can be created for strawberry growth, can effectively solve the soil salinization, soil-borne disease is on the rise and strawberry physiological disturbance such as to increase the weight of at the knotty problem being badly in need of solving, the yield and quality of strawberry can be improved, reduce pesticide dosage, the clean health of product, the fertile saving of labor of water saving joint, operational administrative is simple, environmentally safe, product can reach organic food and pollution-free food.But organic soilless cultivation matrix application is at present produced few, and area is little, and some base starting materials are as high in price comparisons such as the peats composed of rotten mosses, limited amount, and general certain kind of berries agriculture not easily accepts.Other matrix are as more in stalk kind, and source is different, physicochemical property disunity, and the process of matrix during use, configuration and sterilization are also pretty troublesome.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of strawberry organic soilless cultivation method, the method is through the screening to cultivation matrix, optimize the matrix formulations of applicable cultivated strawberry, the content of organic matter is more than 294% of soil, effective N, P, K content is 328%, 279%, 192% of soil respectively, utilizes this substrate culture Yield of Strawberry to be 157% ~ 228% of soil cultivation.

The present invention fruit uses following technical scheme:

1, adopt groove training mode to carry out, be built into the substrate grooves of wide 1.2m × high 0.3m with brick or bamboo chip, the wide 0.2 ~ 0.5m of pavement between groove, substrate grooves length is determined according to need, is generally no more than 20m; Spread plastic foil at the bottom of substrate grooves, matrix and soil are separated.

2, biological compost preparation method: 1. farmyard manure is pig manure or pig manure cow dung mixture; 2. stalk, with other crops straws below rice husk or length 2cm; 8. by farmyard manure and stalk by volume l:l mix; 4. mixture is piled 1.5m-2m high, wide trapezoidal of length of side 2-3m, waters permeable and obturages with plastic foil; 5. turning in 10-15 days once, and in three months winters, namely two months other seasons can be made into matured compost.

3, cheap rotted leaf selected by host material, and rotted leaf naturally becomes thoroughly decomposed on the ground at tree fallen leaves and forms, as long as there is the place of forest, has a large amount of unemployed leaf mould.Remove the unputrefied leaf in top layer, collect oneself and pile up the rotted leaf that becomes thoroughly decomposed, can with the thick soil of 0.5cm.

4, matrix configuration: 8 parts of rotted leaves and 2 parts of biological composts become thoroughly decomposed mix by volume.

5, tankage: first layer overlay Polypropylence Sheet in cultivating groove, to cut off the contact of matrix and soil, by matrix by formula mixing, insert in cultivating groove, till filling up, then use the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 1%, directly can plant strawberry after tankage sterilization, also can carry out plastic-film-covered cultivation.

6, water: during covering film cultivation, in groove, stromal surface can lay diameter 2-3cm, every the plastic drip irrigation belt of 20-30cm-weeper, then overlay film, supply water and get final product drip irrigation; During outdoor cropping, watering pot can be connect spill an artificial spray by direct hose.(pouring frequency and irrigation amount are followed and are seen and dryly see wet principle, usually carry out before at 10 in the morning of fine day or after at 43 in afternoon.）

7, apply fertilizer: can spread manuer in holes during vegetable permanent planting or ditch spread biological compost or organic commercial fertilizer, at every turn every mu of about 100kg; Liquid fertilizer irrigating plant root such as fertile phase (as phase in strong sprout, productive phase, fruit expanding period) available plant gold power, natural pond liquid etc. is needed in strawberry growth key, fertilizer type Different Irrigation amount is different, as natural pond liquid 300kg/ mu), also can dissolve with solid fertilizer (as Zun Yi grain Man Feng, thunder power fertilizer, super large fertilizer, sky Anew Issue Plate bio-fertilizer etc.) 50kg/ mu and carry out watering executing, every batch of strawberry fertilising l ~ 3 time; New cultivation matrix uses 2 years namely will supplement base manure, with 1/2 matrix first wife than the matured compost of compost usage amount or farmyard manure ditch spread.

Ecological organic substrate culture damage by disease and insect is less, with biopesticide (matrine, Bt, bordeaux mixture, farm antibiotics etc.), physics (physics kills germ, trapping lamp, insect-sticking plate, fly net etc.) and agricultural measures (crop rotation, deep ploughing, clean sick worm etc.) can reach the object of Pest management, restriction uses toxic chemical agricultural chemicals, stop agricultural chemicals seed dressing or other causes the measure of matrix belt toxic pesticides, environmental protection diseases prevention worm, fine quality production.

In order to filter out, cost is low, source is wide, the acceptant organic soilless substrate formula of vegetable grower, Fu Jia limit Horticultural Research Institute technical staff has carried out the experiment in cultivation of different substrates formula in 2007-2010 years at Horticultural Research Institute, filters out the strawberry ecological organic soilless culture substrate of Cheap highly effective and specify that its application method.Apply this technology production vegetables and have 6 large advantages:

L, application technique, by taking to isolate planting type with surface soil, oozing under effectively overcoming soil-borne disease insect pest and rich water harm such as groundwater contaminations, preserving the ecological environment.

2, apply technique, avoid the continuous cropping obstacle of strawberry by new substrate culture and damage by disease and insect spreads, Shaoshi agricultural chemicals or no pesticide grown, the residual strawberry caused that exceeds standard of the agriculture faced at present can be solved and pollute.

3, apply technique, by settling substrate culture groove at any free space and filling organic soilless substrate, non-cultivated land resources can be utilized to produce strawberry, reduce the battle of grain field of vegetables.

4, applying technique, soilless culture cost can be reduced by choosing cultivation matrix cheap and easy to get.

[5, application technique because nutrient content is higher needed for the organic strawberry of organic soilless substrate, and decrease Pesticide use amount, Yield of Strawberry and quality can be significantly improved.

6, apply technique, cost-saving synergistic protection of the environment also can produce high-grade organic strawberry and green strawberry simultaneously.

The configuration of organic soilless cultivation matrix is by experiment sieving out, specific as follows:

1, matrix configuration:

Formula 1:5 part rotted leaf, 3 parts of clean soil, 2 parts of compost (volume ratio, lower same);

Formula 2:5 part rotted leaf, 3 parts of river sands, 2 parts of compost;

Formula 3:5 part rotted leaf, 3 parts of perlites, 2 parts of compost;

Formula 4:8 part rotted leaf, 2 parts of compost;

Contrast (CK) is for using the normal soil with amount compost.

2, matrix physicochemical property

As seen from the above table, effective N, P, K of formula 4 and the content of organic matter are all filled a prescription higher than other, cation exchange capacity and pH value the best, thus, and the optimum allocation of formula 4 for filtering out.At the Second Year of substrate culture, the content of organic matter of formula 4 is that contrast ck executes with measuring 294% of fertilizer soil, and effective N, P, K content is 328%, 279%, 192% of contrast respectively, and fertility and other physicochemical property superiority are clearly.

3, cell production contrast

Community cm1 output (plot area lOrri2) unit: the kg of different substrates configuration

Shown by the experiment in cultivation result of strawberry, the output of formula 4 is the highest, and be optimization formula, output is 157% ~ 228% of the output of soil cultivation.

4, product quality

Because the content of organic matter of organic soilless substrate is higher, nutritive element is complete, the strawberry good taste of thus producing, and mouthfeel is better; In the production process of substrate culture strawberry, adopt physics, biology, ecological mode disease and pest control, when not using chemical pesticide, damage by disease and insect is effectively controlled.Strawberry product detects and does not find residue of pesticide, and content of beary metal is all below GB limit value.

Embodiment:

The embodiment of the present invention: concrete cultivation step is:

1, first prepare cultivating groove: the substrate grooves being built into wide 1.2m × high 0.3m with brick or bamboo chip, the wide 0.2 ~ 0.5m of pavement between groove, substrate grooves length is determined according to need, is generally no more than 20m; Spread plastic foil at the bottom of substrate grooves, matrix and soil are separated.

2, fertilizer prepares: biological compost preparation method: 1. farmyard manure is pig manure or pig manure cow dung mixture; 2. stalk, with other crops straws below rice husk or length 2cm; 8. by farmyard manure and stalk by volume l:l mix; 4. mixing specification 4/4 page of thing is piled 1.5m-2m high, wide trapezoidal of length of side 2-3m, waters permeable and obturages with plastic foil; 5. turning in 10-15 days once, and in three months winters, namely two months other seasons can be made into matured compost.

3, cheap rotted leaf selected by host material, and rotted leaf naturally becomes thoroughly decomposed on the ground at tree fallen leaves and forms, as long as there is the place of forest, has a large amount of unemployed rotted leaf.Remove the unputrefied leaf in top layer, collect oneself and pile up the rotted leaf that becomes thoroughly decomposed, can with the thick soil of 0.5cm.

4, matrix configuration: 8 parts of rotted leaves and 2 parts of biological composts become thoroughly decomposed mix by volume.

5, tankage: first layer overlay Polypropylence Sheet in cultivating groove, to cut off the contact of matrix and soil, by matrix by formula mixing, insert in cultivating groove, till filling up, then use the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 1%, directly can plant vegetables after tankage sterilization, also can carry out plastic-film-covered cultivation.

6, water: during covering film cultivation, in groove, stromal surface can lay diameter 2-3cm, every 20-30cm-weeper plastic drip irrigation belt, then overlay film, water supply gets final product drip irrigation; During outdoor cropping, watering pot can be connect spill an artificial spray by direct hose.

7, apply fertilizer: can spread manuer in holes during strawberry field planting or ditch spread biological compost or organic commercial fertilizer, at every turn every mu of about 100kg; Liquid fertilizer irrigating plant root such as fertile phase (as phase in strong sprout, productive phase, fruit expanding period) available plant gold power, natural pond liquid etc. is needed in strawberry growth key, fertilizer type Different Irrigation amount is different, as 300kg/ mu is rolled in natural pond), also can dissolve with solid fertilizer (as Zun Yi grain Man Feng, thunder power fertilizer, super large fertilizer, sky Anew Issue Plate bio-fertilizer etc.) 50kg/ mu and carry out watering executing, every batch of Vegetable Fertilizing l ~ 3 time; New cultivation matrix uses 2 years namely will supplement base manure, with l/2 matrix first wife than the matured compost of compost usage amount or farmyard manure ditch spread.

Claims (2)

1. organic strawberry soilless culture method, is characterized in that its cultivation method is:

(1) adopt groove training mode, be built into the substrate grooves of wide 1.2m × high 0.3m with brick or bamboo chip, the wide 0.2 ~ 0.5m of pavement between groove, length is no more than 20m, spreads plastic foil at the bottom of substrate grooves;

(2) biological compost makes: 1. farmyard manure is pig manure or pig manure cow dung mixture; 2. stalk, with other crops straws below rice husk or length 2cm; 3. by farmyard manure and stalk by volume 1:1 mix; 4. homomixture is piled 1.5m-2m high, wide trapezoidal of length of side 2-3m, waters permeable and obturages with plastic foil; 5. turning in 10-15 days once, namely can be made into the biological compost that becomes thoroughly decomposed;

(3) rotted leaf selected by host material, collects and piled up the rotted leaf become thoroughly decomposed, can with the thick soil of 0.5cm;

(4) matrix configuration: 8 parts of rotted leaves and 2 parts of biological composts that become thoroughly decomposed mix by volume;

(5) tankage: insert in substrate grooves by the matrix of mixing, till filling up, then uses the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 1%;

(6) water: during covering film cultivation, in groove, stromal surface can lay diameter 2-3cm, every 20-30cm-weeper plastic drip irrigation belt, then overlay film, water supply gets final product drip irrigation; During outdoor cropping, can directly use hose artificial spray;

(7) apply fertilizer: can spread manuer in holes during strawberry field planting or ditch spread biological compost or organic commercial fertilizer, at every turn every mu of 80 ~ 100kg; At strawberry available liquid in vegetative period fertilizer irrigating plant root, every mu of 200 ~ 300kg at every turn, also can dissolve with solid fertilizer and carry out washing executing, every mu of 40 ~ 50kg at every turn, fertilising l ~ 3 time.

2. a kind of strawberry organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described liquid fertilizer is: plant gold power, natural pond liquid, solid fertilizer is: Zun Yi grain Man Feng, thunder power fertilizer, super large fertilizer, sky Anew Issue Plate bio-fertilizer.