CN112042308B - Soil improvement method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil improvement method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112042308B CN112042308B CN202010995690.4A CN202010995690A CN112042308B CN 112042308 B CN112042308 B CN 112042308B CN 202010995690 A CN202010995690 A CN 202010995690A CN 112042308 B CN112042308 B CN 112042308B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000234314 Zingiber Species 0.000 description 18
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The invention provides a method for improving soil, which comprises the following steps: sampling and detecting soil, including soil pH value, soil volume weight and soil organic matter content; mixing the waste vegetable straws of the previous crops, the organic material containing crude fibers and the fermentation strain, and performing rotten fermentation to obtain finished compost; measuring the organic matter content of the finished compost; determining the amount R of compost per mu according to the volume weight of the obtained soil, the organic matter content of the soil and the organic matter content of the finished compost; the calculation formula is as follows: r133 xdxx (3% -S)/C; applying the finished compost into soil according to the dosage R, and deeply ploughing; and managing the soil moisture by using a ridging cultivation and water and fertilizer integrated technology. The invention obviously improves the content of crude fiber organic matters in the soil, effectively improves the physical and chemical structure and the tilth of the soil, and solves the problems that the mortar black soil of the facility greenhouse is easy to crack, harden, acidify and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a facility soil improvement method and application thereof.
Background
A large amount of organic wastes such as facility waste vegetable straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like are generated in agricultural production of China every year, the wastes contain a large amount of nutrient resources and insect eggs, and if the wastes are not properly treated, ecological environment pollution is caused. The wastes are subjected to harmless treatment and resource utilization, so that resources can be saved, wastes are changed into valuable substances, the rural ecological environment is improved, and the prepared compost can be used for fertilizing the soil and improving the soil.
The black soil of the sand ginger is one of the important soil types in China and is mainly distributed in Huang-Huai-Hai plain. The sand ginger black soil is rich in montmorillonite, has obvious characteristics of dry shrinkage and wet swelling, is sticky and heavy in soil texture, poor in physical structure, short in ploughing period and low in soil organic matter content, and seriously restricts the improvement of the yield of sand ginger black soil crops, and the conventional method for improving the sand ginger black soil mainly comprises the following steps: adding soil conditioner, applying organic fertilizer, improving irrigation and drainage facilities. The main purposes of improvement are to increase the soil aggregate structure, reduce the cohesive force among soil particles, optimize the soil moisture relation and balance the soil nutrients, thereby improving the physical and chemical structure and the tilth of the sand ginger black soil. However, due to the low economic value of field crops, the above soil improvement schemes have too high input cost, and cannot fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers for popularization.
In recent years, the number of greenhouse vegetable greenhouses in Huang-Huai-Hai region is increasing year by year. The facility vegetables have remarkable economic benefit, and the quality of the soil is closely related to the final yield value, so that the willingness of farmers to invest in improving the soil in the facility greenhouse is high. However, in recent years, problems occur in soil quality due to continuous high-strength production modes and excessive fertilizer application, and the improvement of mortar black soil in facility greenhouses needs to consider the acidification, hardening, salinization and the like of the improved soil.
At present, most measures for improving the black soil of the sand ginger do not comprehensively consider the characteristics of soil per se in various regions, such as indexes of pH value of the soil, background content of organic matters and the like, and only applying the modifying agents such as biochar and the like can cause over-alkali of the soil and excessive or insufficient application amount, thereby influencing the growth of crops. Therefore, for the improvement of the black soil of the sand ginger in the facility greenhouse, a method according to local conditions needs to be comprehensively considered and researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving soil aiming at the sand ginger black soil in a facility greenhouse. The method of the invention obviously improves the content of crude fiber organic matters in the soil, effectively improves the physical and chemical structure and the tilth of the soil, and overcomes the problems that the soil of the greenhouse is easy to crack, harden, acidify and the like; meanwhile, a part of agricultural wastes are subjected to harmless treatment and resource composting recycling, so that the green cyclic sustainable development of facility agriculture is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) sampling and detecting soil, including soil pH value, soil volume weight and soil organic matter content;
2) mixing the tailed vegetable straws of the previous crops, the organic material containing crude fibers and the fermentation strain, and carrying out decomposition fermentation to obtain finished compost;
3) measuring the organic matter content of the finished compost;
4) determining the amount R of compost per mu according to the volume weight of the soil obtained in the step 1), the organic matter content of the soil and the organic matter content of the finished compost in the step 3);
the calculation formula is as follows: r133 xdxx (3% -S)/C;
wherein, S: the organic matter content of the soil is expressed in units of percent; c: the organic matter content of the finished compost is expressed in units; d: the unit of the soil volume weight is t/m3(ii) a 133: the volume of the soil on the surface layer per mu is 0.2m, and the unit is m3(ii) a R is t;
5) applying the finished compost into soil according to the dosage R, and deeply ploughing;
6) and managing the soil moisture by using a ridging cultivation and water and fertilizer integrated technology.
Preferably, the soil in the step 1) is soil of facility greenhouses, the sampling is carried out in the stubble changing period, the sampling point positions of each facility greenhouse are 3-4, the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, and the volume weight of the soil is detected by adopting a cutting ring method.
Preferably, the waste vegetable straws of the previous crops in the step 2) are crushed, the granularity of the crushed treatment is 2-5 cm, the temperature of the decomposition fermentation is more than or equal to 60 ℃, the time is more than or equal to 10 days, and the initial moisture content of the mixture in the decomposition fermentation is 50-60%.
Preferably, the organic material containing crude fiber in the step 2) comprises one or more of biochar, furfural residue, edible fungus residue and livestock manure, and the fermentation strain comprises one or more of aspergillus niger, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Preferably, when the pH value of the soil is less than or equal to 6, preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the waste vegetable straws, the biochar, the edible fungus residues and the livestock manure of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 2-4; when the pH value of the soil is more than or equal to 8, preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the rape straws, the biochar, the furfural residues, the cow dung and/or the sheep dung of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 2-4; when the pH value of the soil is 6-8, preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the tailed vegetable straws, the biochar, the edible fungus residues, the furfural residues and the livestock manure of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 1-2.5: 2-4; the weight ratio of the fermentation strain to the mixture is 0.8-1.2: 1000.
Preferably, the biochar is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, rice hull and peanut shell, and the livestock manure is cow manure and/or sheep manure.
Preferably, when R < 1 in step 4), the value R is 1; and when the R is more than 5, the value R is 5.
Preferably, the deep ploughing depth in the step 5) is 0-40 cm, and the times are 2-3.
Preferably, the ridge height of the ridging cultivation in the step 6) is 25-30 cm, and the ridge width is 60-80 cm.
The invention also provides application of the soil improvement method in improving facility greenhouse sand ginger black soil.
The beneficial effects of the invention include the following:
1) according to the invention, the pH value of the sand ginger black soil in the greenhouse is adjusted, the content of crude fiber organic matters in the soil is increased, and the water-fertilizer relationship between crops and the soil in the planting process is improved, so that the physicochemical structure and the tilth of the soil are improved, and the problems that the mortar black soil of the greenhouse is easy to crack, harden, acidify and the like are solved.
2) The method of the invention simultaneously carries out harmless treatment and resource composting recycling on a part of agricultural wastes, and realizes green cyclic sustainable development of facility agriculture.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) sampling and detecting soil, including soil pH value, soil volume weight and soil organic matter content;
2) mixing the tailed vegetable straws of the previous crops, the organic material containing crude fibers and the fermentation strain, and carrying out decomposition fermentation to obtain finished compost;
3) measuring the organic matter content of the finished compost;
4) determining the amount R of compost per mu according to the volume weight of the soil obtained in the step 1), the organic matter content of the soil and the organic matter content of the finished compost in the step 3);
the calculation formula is as follows: r133 xdxx (3% -S)/C;
wherein, S: the organic matter content of the soil is expressed in units of percent; c: the organic matter content of the finished compost is expressed in units; d: the unit of the volume weight of the soil is t/m3(ii) a 133: the volume of the soil on the surface layer per mu is 0.2m, and the unit is m3(ii) a R is t;
5) applying the finished compost into soil according to the dosage R, and deeply ploughing;
6) and managing the soil moisture by using a ridging cultivation and water and fertilizer integrated technology.
The soil in the step 1) is preferably soil of facility greenhouses, the sampling is preferably carried out in a stubble changing period, the sampling point position of each facility greenhouse is preferably 3-4, and the soil at 3-4 point positions is further preferably mixed into one soil sample; the points are preferably located to avoid the surrounding soil in the greenhouse.
The depth of the sampling in the step 1) is preferably 0-20 cm, more preferably 5-15 cm, and even more preferably 8-12 cm; the detection of the soil volume weight preferably adopts a cutting ring method, the detection of the soil volume weight preferably selects 3 point locations, and the measured value preferably is the average value of the 3 point locations.
In the step 2) of the invention, the waste vegetable straws of the previous crops are preferably crushed, and the granularity of the crushing treatment is preferably 2-5 cm, and is further preferably 3-4 cm; the temperature of the decomposing fermentation is preferably not less than 60 ℃, the time is preferably not less than 10 days, and the initial moisture mass content of the mixture in the decomposing fermentation is preferably 50-60%, and more preferably 53-58%.
When the temperature of the decomposed fermentation is more than or equal to 60 ℃, turning treatment is preferably carried out, and turning treatment is preferably carried out once every 2-3 days.
The organic material containing crude fiber in the step 2) preferably comprises one or more of biochar, furfural residue, edible fungus residue and livestock excrement, and the fermentation strain preferably comprises one or more of aspergillus niger, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
In the step 2), when the pH value of the soil is less than or equal to 6, preferably preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the tailed vegetable straws, the biochar, the edible fungus residues and the livestock manure of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 2-4, and further preferably 3:1:3: 3; when the pH value of the soil is more than or equal to 8, preferably preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the rape straws, the biochar, the furfural residues, the cow dung and/or the sheep dung of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 2-4, and further preferably 3:1:3: 3; when the pH value of the soil is 6-8, preferably preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the vegetable straws, the biochar, the edible fungus residues, the furfural residues and the livestock manure of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 1-2.5: 2-4, and further preferably 3:1:1.5:1.5: 3; the pH value is 6-8, and the pH value is preferably not an endpoint value.
The weight ratio of the fermentation strain and the mixture in the step 2) of the invention is preferably 0.8-1.2: 1000, and more preferably 1: 1000.
The biochar is preferably black carbon particles formed by crushing one or more of wheat straws, corn straws, rice husks and peanut shells under a pyrolysis condition; the high-temperature cracking temperature is preferably 350-550 ℃, and further preferably 400-500 ℃; the livestock manure is preferably cow manure and/or sheep manure.
The furfural residue is preferably from a furfural plant; the edible fungus residue is preferably from an edible fungus factory; the cow dung and/or the sheep dung are preferably leftovers of a farm.
When R is less than 1 in the step 4), the value R is preferably 1; when R > 5, the value R ═ 5 is preferred.
The depth of deep ploughing in the step 5) is preferably 0-40 cm, more preferably 10-30 cm, and even more preferably 15-25 cm; the number of times of deep ploughing and deep ploughing is preferably 2-3.
In the step 6) of the invention, the ridge forming cultivation is preferably to determine the ridge height and the ridge width according to the characteristics of the planted crops, and the crops are planted on the ridges; the height of the ridge is preferably 25-30 cm, and is further preferably 27-29 cm; the ridge width is preferably 60-80 cm, and further preferably 65-75 cm.
According to the invention, the water and fertilizer integration technology in the step 6) preferably utilizes the connection of a venturi tube, a main pipe and drip irrigation branch pipes to drip nutrients into the soil of the root system of the crops along with water, 2-3 drip irrigation branch pipes are preferably distributed on each ridge, and the relation between the crops and the soil water and fertilizer is reasonably controlled.
The step 6) of the method for managing the soil moisture further comprises the step of perfecting water conservancy infrastructure around the greenhouse, wherein the water conservancy infrastructure around the greenhouse is preferably constructed by drainage ditches and drainage pipe networks.
The invention also provides application of the soil improvement method in improving black soil of sand ginger in facility greenhouse.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Sampling and analyzing the sand ginger black soil of the facility greenhouse in the stubble-changing period of the facility greenhouse, wherein each greenhouse sampling point is 3, the sampling depth is 5cm, 8cm and 10cm, the sampling soil of the 3 points is mixed into a soil sample, the soil volume weight sampling ring knife method is used for detecting, the 3 values obtained by detection are averaged to obtain the pH value of the soil sample which is 6,Soil volume weight D1.2 t/m3And the content of organic matters in the soil is 2 percent.
The method comprises the steps of crushing the waste vegetable straws of the previous crops in the greenhouse to the particle size of 2cm, mixing 3kg of the waste vegetable straws, 0.5kg of wheat straws, 0.5kg of black carbon particles obtained by cracking corn straws at 350 ℃, 3kg of edible fungus residues, 3kg of cow dung and 8g of aspergillus niger to prepare a finished compost, wherein the initial moisture content of the mixture is 50%, decomposing and fermenting the mixture at 60 ℃ for 10 days, and turning the compost once every 2 days. And measuring the content C of the organic matters in the finished compost to be 79.8 percent. And calculating the R (2) according to the R (133 XDx (3% -S)/C, applying the finished compost to each mu of sand ginger black soil in the facility greenhouse for 2t, and deeply ploughing the soil for 10cm for 2 times. A drainage ditch is built around the facility greenhouse, ridges in the facility greenhouse are 25cm high and 60cm wide, nutrients are dripped into crop root soil along with water by using the connection of a venturi tube, a main pipe and drip irrigation branch pipes, and 2 drip irrigation branch pipes are distributed on each ridge.
Example 2
Sampling and analyzing the sand ginger black soil of the facility greenhouse in the stubble changing period of the facility greenhouse, wherein each greenhouse sampling point is 4, the sampling depth is 10cm, 12cm, 15cm and 18cm, the sampling soil of the 4 points is mixed into a soil sample, the soil volume weight sampling cutting ring method is used for detecting, the 4 values obtained through detection are averaged, and the pH value of the soil sample is 8.5, and the soil volume weight D is 1.0t/m3And the content of organic matters in the soil is 1 percent.
The method comprises the steps of crushing the tail vegetable straws of greenhouse previous crops to 5cm in particle size, mixing 3kg of the tail vegetable straws, 0.5kg of rice straws, 0.5kg of black carbon particles obtained by cracking rice hulls at 500 ℃, 3kg of furfural residues, 3kg of cow dung, 6g of bacillus licheniformis and 6g of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to prepare finished compost, wherein the initial moisture content of the mixture is 60%, decomposing and fermenting at 62 ℃ for 12 days, and turning over the compost once every 3 days. And (5) measuring the content of organic matters C of the finished compost to be 51.2%. And calculating the R (133 XDx (3% -S)/C) to be 5.2, applying the finished compost to each mu of sand ginger black soil in the facility greenhouse for 5t, and deeply ploughing the soil for 40cm for 3 times. A drainage ditch is built around the facility greenhouse, ridges in the facility greenhouse are 30cm high and 80cm wide, nutrients are dripped into crop root soil along with water by using the connection of a venturi tube, a main pipe and drip irrigation branch pipes, and 3 drip irrigation branch pipes are distributed on each ridge.
Example 3
Sampling and analyzing the sand ginger black soil of the facility greenhouse in the stubble changing period of the facility greenhouse, wherein each greenhouse sampling point is 3, the sampling depth is 5cm, 10cm and 15cm, the sampling soil of the 3 points is mixed into a soil sample, the soil volume weight sampling ring cutting method is used for detecting, the 3 values obtained by detection are averaged, and the pH value of the soil sample is 7, and the soil volume weight D is 1.3t/m3And the content of organic matter S in the soil is 1.8 percent.
The method comprises the steps of crushing the tail vegetable straws of greenhouse previous crops to a granularity of 3cm, mixing 3kg of the tail vegetable straws, 0.5kg of rice straws, 0.5kg of black carbon particles obtained by cracking rice hulls at 500 ℃, 1.5kg of edible fungus residues, 1.5kg of furfural residues, 3kg of sheep manure, 5g of saccharomycetes and 5g of bacillus subtilis to prepare finished compost, wherein the initial moisture mass content of the mixture is 55%, and the mixture is thoroughly decomposed and fermented at 62 ℃ for 10 days and is turned over once every 2 days. And measuring the content C of the organic matters in the finished compost to be 63.8 percent. And calculating the R (133 XDx (3% -S)/C) to be 3.25, applying the finished compost to each mu of sand ginger black soil in the facility greenhouse for 3.25t, and deeply ploughing the soil for 20cm for 3 times. A drainage ditch is built around the facility greenhouse, ridges in the facility greenhouse are 28cm high and 70cm wide, nutrients are dripped into crop root soil along with water by using the connection of a venturi tube, a main pipe and drip irrigation branch pipes, and 3 drip irrigation branch pipes are distributed on each ridge.
In the embodiments 1 to 3, the pH value of the sand ginger black soil in the facility greenhouse is adjusted by adding the cabbage stalks and the organic material containing the crude fibers, so that the organic matter content of the crude fibers in the soil is increased; the method improves the water-fertilizer relationship between crops and soil in the planting process, thereby improving the physical and chemical structure and the tilth of the soil and overcoming the problems that the soil of the facility greenhouse is easy to crack, harden, acidify and the like; meanwhile, a part of agricultural wastes are subjected to harmless treatment and resource composting recycling, so that the green cyclic sustainable development of facility agriculture is realized.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of soil improvement comprising the steps of:
1) sampling and detecting soil, including soil pH value, soil volume weight and soil organic matter content;
2) mixing the tailed vegetable straws of the previous crops, the organic material containing crude fibers and the fermentation strain, and carrying out decomposition fermentation to obtain finished compost;
3) measuring the organic matter content of the finished compost;
4) determining the amount R of compost per mu according to the volume weight of the soil obtained in the step 1), the organic matter content of the soil and the organic matter content of the finished compost in the step 3);
the calculation formula is as follows: r133 xdxx (3% -S)/C;
wherein, S: the organic matter content of the soil is expressed in units of percent; c: the organic matter content of the finished compost is expressed in units; d: the unit of the volume weight of the soil is t/m3(ii) a 133: the volume of the soil on the surface layer per mu is 0.2m, and the unit is m3(ii) a R is t;
5) applying the finished compost into soil according to the dosage R, and deeply ploughing;
6) managing soil moisture by using a ridging cultivation and water and fertilizer integrated technology;
the soil in the step 1) is soil of facility greenhouses, the sampling is carried out in a stubble changing period, the sampling point position of each facility greenhouse is 3-4, the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, and the volume weight of the soil is detected by adopting a cutting ring method;
and 2) smashing the tailed vegetable straws of the previous crops, wherein the granularity of the smashing is 2-5 cm, the temperature of the decomposition fermentation is more than or equal to 60 ℃, the time is more than or equal to 10 days, and the initial moisture content of the mixture in the decomposition fermentation is 50-60%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic material containing crude fiber in step 2) comprises one or more of biochar, furfural residue, edible fungi residue and livestock manure, and the fermentation strain comprises one or more of aspergillus niger, yeast, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the pH value of the soil is less than or equal to 6, preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the tail vegetable straws, the biochar, the edible fungus residues and the livestock manure of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 2-4; when the pH value of the soil is more than or equal to 8, preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the rape straws, the biochar, the furfural residues, the cow dung and/or the sheep dung of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 2-4; when the pH value of the soil is 6-8, preparing a mixture according to the weight ratio of the tailed vegetable straws, the biochar, the edible fungus residues, the furfural residues and the livestock manure of 2-4: 0.5-1.5: 1-2.5: 2-4; the weight ratio of the fermentation strain to the mixture is 0.8-1.2: 1000.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the biochar is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw, rice hull and peanut shell, and the livestock manure is cow manure and/or sheep manure.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in step 4), when R < 1, the value R is 1; and when the R is more than 5, the value R is 5.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the deep ploughing in step 5) is carried out at a depth of 0-40 cm and 2-3 times.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the ridge height of the ridging cultivation in the step 6) is 25-30 cm, and the ridge width is 60-80 cm.
8. Use of the method of soil improvement according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for improving facility shed sandy ginger black soil.
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| CN102823355A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2012-12-19 | 新疆农业大学 | Soil improvement method |
| CN107022512A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-08 | 寿光市固本培园农业科技有限公司 | Greenhouse crops straw-returning bacteria agent and biofermentation method |
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| CN107022512A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-08 | 寿光市固本培园农业科技有限公司 | Greenhouse crops straw-returning bacteria agent and biofermentation method |
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