CN107371447B - A kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil - Google Patents
A kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371447B CN107371447B CN201710866228.2A CN201710866228A CN107371447B CN 107371447 B CN107371447 B CN 107371447B CN 201710866228 A CN201710866228 A CN 201710866228A CN 107371447 B CN107371447 B CN 107371447B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods of gardens organic mat improvement soil, and this approach includes the following steps：1) afforestation waste, stalk, discarded mycelium, waste material of edible mushroom, furfural dregs are subjected to compost maturity processing after dyeing process processing and obtain gardens organic mat；2) by gardens organic mat cover it is smooth after soil surface.This method can improve the excessive phenomenon of city trees and shrubs open country area, reduce fugitive dust, absorption dust particles and air pollution, avoid exposed ground soil erosion and soil hardening, and fabrication process condition is simple, operation requires low, and both can satisfy appearance requirement can also improve acid-base property, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and the soil texture of soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, and in particular to a kind of side using gardens organic mat improvement soil
Method.
Background technique
With the development of country, the level of urbanization is improved, is also had higher requirement to living environment.But city trees and shrubs need
Ornamental trees and shrubs and large area lawn are irrigated, especially in north city, urban water shortage also suffers from sandstorm
Invasion, be easy to cause ground flora to be difficult to survive, and if things go on like this, the surface soil that will cause large area is exposed, must be yellow all over the sky when wind rises
It is husky.Therefore, " saving Landscape " is imperative.
Soil is the basis of plant growth, but city trees and shrubs soil surface consolidation, and permeability is poor, and nutrient content is low,
Seriously hinder surviving and growing for urban greenery plants.(2011) such as Zheng's baths are studies have shown that urban landscaping soil hardening
The main reason for have：1) artificial compacting is serious；2) thick bone material is more；3) the available nutrients content such as organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium
It is low；4) plants configuration is unreasonable；5) microbial populations in soil quantity is few；How greenery patches ground mulching is reinforced in urban construction,
Improve soil of greenbelt structure, reduces city raised dust, the development to city trees and shrubs is very necessary.
Soil improvement generally uses and ploughs deeply curing, soil moved in improve the original is improved, earthed up, mixes the measures such as husky and organic fertilizer, to improve soil
The problems such as fertility of earth improves soil texture and physicochemical property, but these measures generally existing period is long, and process is complicated.Therefore
It gradually promotes and minimal tills or no-tillage technology.And gardens covering can be very good to solve these problems, Cai Xiangyang (2007) is described
Using many benefits of trees and shrubs coverings, including：1) moisture in soil is conserved, reduces moisture directly from ground transpiration；2) press down
Weed growth processed；3) soil is made to maintain a more balanced soil temperature；4) sealing of soil is prevented；5) rainwash is prevented and treated,
It prevents erosion；6) balanced color and cute lines are provided for earth's surface.
Common trees and shrubs coverings are broadly divided into two kinds：Inorganic covers and organic mat.Inorganic covers mainly have
Cobblestone, haydite, gravel, volcanic ash, carg etc., maintenance cost is low, and not perishable, but function is relatively simple, than
If cobblestone is although relatively beautiful, but temperature stability is poor, surrounding plants of easily burning；Haydite good water-retaining property, but color is single.
Organic mat has leaf, bark, pine needle, wood chip, straw, shell etc., is bark, branch, tree root etc. using trees itself
Trees material is produced, and the organic waste of ornamental plant can be both used in this way, is also city trees and shrubs rubbish
It recycles and opens up new way, and city open country area can be reduced, reduce fugitive dust, moreover it is possible to provide organic matter for soil, be formed
Micropopulation abundant inhibits weeds, the variation of the buffering soil moisture so as to improve the physicochemical property of soil, promotes plant growth；
But certain organic mats, especially stalk may beat nest strong point as rodent, can be made using pine needle for a long time
Soil souring, cocoa pod shells material cover the coating of higher cost and consolidation easy to form, fever, and fresh dried leaf is easy quilt
Wind scrape fly it is inflammable, excrement class compost the smell is awful contain more weed seed.
Chinese patent CN 103773377B discloses a kind of method using the wooden vinegar fertilizer improvement urban green space soil, mainly
Include the following steps：1) selection needs the urban green space improved, and measures the physicochemical character of soil；2) with wood vinegar, charcoal powder, have
Machine fertilizer mixed configuration wood vinegar fertilizer；3) in every square metre of greenery patches middle position, a long 1m, wide 15~25cm, depth 10-15cm are dug
Ditch, and the wooden vinegar prepared fertilizer is uniformly spread into ditch, and backfill original soil.Chinese patent CN102388773B discloses a kind of garden
Woods trees earth surface of garden trees and its application method, the earth surface of garden trees utilize pine and cypress bark, pine needle and Trichoderma water
Dispersible granule is processed into, for inhibiting weed growth.CN106365824A discloses a kind of salt made of garden waste
Alkali land soil matrix and preparation method thereof, the Soil improvement matrix include 1000~1500 parts of garden waste, two chloroquines
1000~1300 parts of quinoline acid, 800~1200 parts of bear waste residue, 1200~1800 parts of nano-sized carbon, is received 1000~1500 parts of lobster shell
35~50 parts of calcium carbonate of rice, 10~20 parts of humic acid original powder, 50~80 parts of zinc sulfate, 60~90 parts of complex enzyme formulation, compound bacteria
30~60 parts of agent；For improving the biochemical activity of soil, soil salt is reduced, the growth of crops is conducive to.
However, soil environment should be effectively improved in the improved, process of urban green space soil, specious, improvement is also required
Method is simple, be not easy to be blown away without bad smell, covering, covering is not easy to be washed away by rainwater.And in the prior art, for
The problems such as improving technology of urban green space soil is seldom, and there are complicated for operation, effect is general, complicated component.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of process conditions, and simple, operation requires low, high treating effect, has both beautiful effect
The method of the trees and shrubs coverings improvement soil of fruit, the phenomenon that for improving city trees and shrubs open country area excessive, soil hardening.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil, includes the following steps：
1) afforestation waste, stalk, discarded mycelium, waste material of edible mushroom, furfural dregs are subjected to compost maturity processing,
After dyeing process processing, gardens organic mat is obtained；
2) by gardens organic mat cover it is smooth after soil surface.
The compost maturity treatment process includes：
A. it pre-processes：Afforestation waste, stalk are crushed, mycelium, waste material of edible mushroom, furfural dregs is discarded and carries out powder
It is broken；
B. one time fermentation：Afforestation waste and stalk are mixed, discarded mycelium tune carbon-nitrogen ratio is added；Water is added to adjust
Then fermenting agent is added in material water ratio, be uniformly mixed, and the aerobic heap of forced ventilation static is carried out in closed compost reactor
Fertilizer obtains one time fermentation product；
C. secondary fermentation：Waste material of edible mushroom tune carbon-nitrogen ratio is added, furfural dregs tune pH is added, water is added and adjusts water content, then
Fermenting agent is added to be uniformly mixed, forced ventilation static aerobic compost is carried out in closed compost reactor, obtains secondary fermentation
Product.
D. by the processing of secondary fermentation product dyeing process, gardens organic mat is obtained.
Further, the preparation method of the gardens organic mat, includes the following steps：
A. it pre-processes：Afforestation waste, stalk are crushed to partial size 3-6cm, discard mycelium, waste material of edible mushroom,
Furfural dregs are crushed, partial size≤2cm；
B. one time fermentation：Afforestation waste and stalk are pressed into mass fraction (4-5):Discarded bacterium is added in (2-3) mixing
Filament tune carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30；Water is added and adjusts material water ratio in 55%-60%, the agent of BM fermentation maturity, mixing is then added
Uniformly, the progress forced ventilation static aerobic compost in closed compost reactor, initial rate of venting 0.30L/ (minkg),
It is operated in composting process without turning, ferments 5-7 days, obtain one time fermentation product；
C. secondary fermentation：The physicochemical property of one time fermentation product is measured, waste material of edible mushroom tune carbon-nitrogen ratio is added, furfural is added
Slag tune pH is added water and adjusts water content, so that final pH is in 6.5-7.0, carbon-nitrogen ratio is in 20-25, and moisture content is in 50%-
55%, it adds ferment bacterium quick rotting agent and is uniformly mixed, forced ventilation static aerobic compost is carried out in closed compost reactor, just
Beginning rate of venting 0.30L/ (minkg) is operated without turning in composting process, is fermented 10-12 days, is obtained secondary fermentation and is produced
Object.
D. by the processing of secondary fermentation product dyeing process, gardens organic mat is obtained.
The BM fermentation maturity agent with prosperous Biotechnology Co., Ltd by providing；The ferment bacterium quick rotting agent is by the big China in Huaian
Biotechnology Co., Ltd provides；
Pretreatment crushes raw material, it is therefore an objective to so that raw material is adequately exposed to air and moisture, promote fermentation.
The purpose of one time fermentation is to make material preliminarily stabilised, and two days temperature of fermenting can rise to 55 DEG C, high-temperature duration 3
It or so can sufficiently kill pathogenic microorganism, weed seed；Product water content terminates fermentation at 35% or so.
The purpose of secondary fermentation is that the intermediate product of Partial fermentation is made to continue to decompose, and improves the stability and quality of product.
Temperature rises to 50 DEG C or so after fermentation 1.5 days, and maximum temperature is no more than 54 DEG C, and the megathermal period maintains 5 days or so；Product is no different
Taste, is in dark brown, and water content terminates fermentation at 25% or so, both obtains gardens organic mat.
Afforestation waste is that the plants such as generated limb, fallen leaves, grass cuttings are residual in urban greenery plants maintenance processes
Body, main component are organic substances；According to the application specific embodiment, the afforestation waste is great Ye yellow
Poplar, cercis, turf-mown object mixture.
Stalk is one of China's Main Agricultural waste, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc.；Rationally utilize agriculture
Industry waste can economize on resources, avoid environmental pollution；According to the application specific embodiment, the stalk is big beanstalk
One of stalk, corn stover.
During discarded mycelium is microbiological pharmacy, the filtrate for generation of fermenting remaining filter residue after filtering is extracted contains
There are other nutritional ingredients such as a large amount of protein, nucleic acid, polysaccharide, grease, cellulose and a variety of enzymes；According to the one of the application
Specific embodiment, the discarded mycelium are penicillin mycelium, and penicillin mycelium is that the remnants that penicillin fermentation generates are solid
Body waste.
Waste material of edible mushroom is the compost after culturing edible fungus, mushroom bran, bacteria residue, leftover bits and pieces, useless bacterium cylinder is called, containing abundant
Protein and other nutritional ingredients, utility value with higher in agricultural production；According to one embodiment of the application,
The waste material of edible mushroom is the waste material planted after agaricus bisporus.
Furfural dregs are biomass substance such as corncob, cornstalk, rice husk, cotton seed hulls and agricultural byproducts processing leftover bits and pieces
In poly-pentose ingredient hydrolysis production furfural (furtural) generate biomass class waste, containing a large amount of cellulose, partly
Cellulose, lignin have good recycle value；According to the application specific embodiment, the furfural dregs are beautiful
The residue that rice core production furfural generates
According to one embodiment of the application, the soil surface is city trees and shrubs soil surface.It is furthermore preferred that the soil
Earth surface is the exposed earth's surface of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting.
According to one embodiment of the application, the tiling of the trees and shrubs coverings is with a thickness of 50-150mm.Cladding thickness
It all having a certain impact to soil moisture, temperature, nutrition condition, weeds, flora etc., too thick or too thin effect is all undesirable,
Suitable cladding thickness can be selected according to the actual situation.The tiling thickness of trees and shrubs coverings is too thin, is easy to be blown away, up to not
Arrive moisturizing and other effects；The thickness that tiles is too thick, and it is poor to may cause the gas permeability of soil, water penetration, influences plant growth.
The trees and shrubs coverings coverage mode includes：A kind of organic mat individually covers, organic mat and inorganic
Covering layered coverage.
The present invention is by using afforestation waste and waste material of edible mushroom compost maturity as trees and shrubs coverings, for improving
The situations such as city trees and shrubs open country is excessive, and soil nutrient content is low, have the advantage that：
First, be free of chemical reagent；It is carried out in the manufacturing process of the application gardens organic mat using organic waste
Fermentation, the addition of any chemical reagents, not more environmentally-friendly, and quality is more secure.
Second, using secondary fermentation, the purpose of secondary fermentation is to keep the partial intermediate of one time fermentation further
Decomposition, further fermentation after, product is more stable, it is ensured that safety when application, quality are more excellent；
Third achievees the purpose that waste utilization.Afforestation waste is the landscaping limb of generation, root in the process
The organic wastes such as stem, fallen leaves, turf-mown object, common processing mode is with landfill or directly to burn, at these
Reason mode had both polluted environment or had influenced city appearance.Therefore, the recycling reutilization technology of afforestation waste is to compel to be essential
It wants.Stalk is main agricultural wastes, and yield is huge, is not all utilized rationally mostly；When discarded mycelium storage
Once encountering hot conditions, it will ferment and generate peculiar smell, or even induce thallus self-dissolving and generate large amount of sewage, pollute environment；It is edible
Bacterium waste material is the compost after culturing edible fungus, and main component is sawdust, wheat bran and abundant residues mycelium, contains a large amount of thallus
Albumen and minerals.But if the utilization for the science of not accomplishing arbitrarily is abandoned or is stacked, not only waste of resource, it is also possible to cause ring
The problems such as border pollution, pest and disease damage sprawling.Furfural dregs are pure biofermentation residues, are oligosaccharide leftover bits and pieces, there is hundreds of tons every year
Waste residue discharge, if cannot reasonably handle, not only can land occupation, also environment can be caused seriously to pollute.The present invention will
It is re-used after a variety of waste combination compost maturities, has both been able to achieve the reproducible utilization of resource, can also improve soil environment.
4th, it beautifies the environment and avoids fugitive dust.The utilization of gardens covering material will not only have certain ecological benefits, also
With certain Landscape benefit, social benefit.Organic matter covering can reduce artificial, rainwater and act on soil packing, may be used also
The dust raising phenomenon excessively generated to avoid open country.The different coverage modes of gardens organic mat and different coverings are thick in the present invention
Degree can be directed to different demands.According to soil texture situation, different gardens organic mats may be selected and covered.It is organic
Object covering poor situation of soil properties such as low, hardened suitable for urban green space soil nutrient.And organic matter and inorganic matter layered coverage
Suitable for bad weather, the case where soil property is poor, landscape requires relatively high or several persons to have concurrently, both can solve simple organic matter
The problems such as flammable, drift and floating pest and disease damage that may be present is propagated when covering, which also can solve, to be covered merely inorganic matter and causes
Soil aeration the problem of being deteriorated, and can be needed to design different patterns according to environment.Trees and shrubs coverings can play
Improvement soil prevents erosion, inhibits weedy weeds, promote plant growth, beautification garden landscape, spur economic growth
Effect.Different coverage mode and cladding thickness can be selected according to different requirements.
5th, improve soil environment.Some researches show that the soil moisture of covering organic matter processing is in summer significantly lower than sky
White control, shows the effect for keeping soil moisture content well, and soil moisture content year mean value is higher than blank control, and can be with
Increase the content of the soil organism, reduces Weeds coverage, increase the quantity of soil bacteria.Owner is discarded in afforestation in the present invention
Wanting ingredient is soluble sugar, cellulose, hemicellulose and some minerals etc..Stalk is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter
Deng；Discarded mycelium contains other nutritional ingredients such as a large amount of protein, nucleic acid, polysaccharide, grease, cellulose and a variety of enzymes；
Waste material of edible mushroom contains a large amount of edible mushroom mycelium, by the fermentation of multiple-microorganism, cellulose, hemicellulose quilt
It is degraded into the nutriment being absorbed by plants in various degree.Furfural dregs contain a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin；
The addition of stalk, waste material of edible mushroom, discarded mycelium and furfural dregs can reduce fermentation period, improve tunning organic matter and contain
Amount, providing nutriment abundant and micropopulation improves the structure of soil, increases soil fertility.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated with reference to embodiments.These embodiments be only for illustrative purposes,
And do not limit the scope of the invention and essence.Afforestation waste as described in the examples is that Euonymus japonicus, cercis, lawn are repaired
The mixture of object is cut, wherein pH value 6.20, moisture content 33%, phosphorus content 52.9%, nitrogen content 0.98%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 53.98；Institute
The stalk stated is one of soybean stalk, corn stover, wherein corn stover pH value 5.9, moisture content 62%, phosphorus content
41.53%, nitrogen content 1.149%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 36.14, soybean stalk pH value 6.34, moisture content 55%, phosphorus content 40.41%,
Nitrogen content 1.315%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 30.73；The discarded mycelium is penicillin mycelium, wherein pH value 6.55, moisture content
27%, phosphorus content 45.22%, nitrogen content 10.07%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 4.49；The waste material of edible mushroom is after planting agaricus bisporus
Waste material, wherein pH value 6.46, moisture content 20%, phosphorus content 38%, nitrogen content 2.37%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 16.03；The furfural
Slag is the waste residue that corncob produces that furfural generates, wherein pH value 2.91, moisture content 36%, phosphorus content 31.95%, nitrogen content
0.91%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 35.11.PH is measured with pH meter method in experimental result, organic matter volumetric determination, and full phosphorus, available phosphorus are used
Spectrophotometry measurement, full nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen volumetric determination, full potassium, available potassium atomic absorption spectroscopy determination.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of gardens organic mat：
A. it pre-processes：Afforestation waste, soybean stalk are crushed to partial size 3-6cm, penicillin mycelium, edible mushroom
Waste material, furfural dregs are crushed, partial size≤2cm；
B. one time fermentation：Smashed afforestation waste 25kg, soybean stalk 15kg are mixed, penicillin bacterium is added
Filament 2.34kg, water 8.5kg, BM fermentation maturity agent 5g are uniformly mixed, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30, moisture content 60% at this time, in closed heap
Carry out forced ventilation static aerobic compost in fertile reactor, initial rate of venting 0.30L/ (minkg), in composting process not into
Row turning operation, ferments 7 days, obtains one time fermentation product；
Experiment measures one time fermentation product pH value 7.96, moisture content 36%, phosphorus content 51.98%, nitrogen content 2.83%, carbon
Nitrogen is than 18.37；
C. secondary fermentation：By one time fermentation product 25kg, waste material of edible mushroom 14kg, furfural dregs 18kg, water 10.2kg, ferment
Bacterium quick rotting agent 0.21kg is uniformly mixed, and pH is 6.5 at this time, carbon-nitrogen ratio is in 25, moisture content 55%, in closed compost reactor
Middle progress forced ventilation static aerobic compost, initial rate of venting 0.30L/ (minkg) are grasped without turning in composting process
Make, ferments 12 days, obtain secondary fermentation product.
D. by the processing of secondary fermentation product dyeing process, gardens organic mat is obtained.
It is 38% that experiment, which measures the gardens organic mat content of organic matter, N-P-K content is respectively 3.24%, 2.31%,
1.77%.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of gardens organic mat：
A. it pre-processes：Afforestation waste, corn stalk powder are broken to partial size 3-6cm, penicillin mycelium, edible mushroom
Waste material, furfural dregs are crushed, partial size≤2cm；
B. one time fermentation：Afforestation waste 24kg, corn stover 12kg are mixed, penicillin mycelium is added
2.7kg；Be added water 7.3kg, then be added BM fermentation maturity agent 5g, be uniformly mixed, at this time carbon-nitrogen ratio be 25, moisture content 55%,
Forced ventilation static aerobic compost, initial rate of venting 0.30L/ (minkg), compost mistake are carried out in closed compost reactor
It is operated in journey without turning, ferments 5 days, obtain one time fermentation product；
Experiment measures one time fermentation product pH value 7.88, moisture content 34%, phosphorus content 53.02%, nitrogen content 2.75%, carbon
Nitrogen is than 19.28；
C. secondary fermentation：By one time fermentation product 25kg, waste material of edible mushroom 21kg, furfural dregs 18kg, water 12.8kg, ferment
Bacterium quick rotting agent 0.24kg, be uniformly mixed, at this time pH be 7.0, carbon-nitrogen ratio 20, moisture content 50%, in closed compost reactor
Middle progress forced ventilation static aerobic compost ferments 10 days, obtains secondary fermentation product；
D. by the processing of secondary fermentation product dyeing process, gardens organic mat is obtained.
It is 36% that experiment, which measures the gardens organic mat content of organic matter, N-P-K content is respectively 3.01%, 2.16%,
1.65%.
Embodiment 3
Using different coverage mode mulching soils：
Organic mat individually covers：The organic matter covering being prepared using 1 method of embodiment is laid in scattered planting
Chinese rose flowering shrubs exposed earth's surface, tile with a thickness of 50mm；
Rice straw mulching：The straw of current year harvesting is processed into the Chinese rose flowering shrubs that scattered planting is laid in after length is 50-150mm
Exposed earth's surface tiles with a thickness of 50mm；
Clod cover：The gravel that specification is 20-30mm is laid in the exposed earth's surface of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting, tile thickness
For 50mm；
Haydite covering：It is 5-20mm by grain size specification, the haydite that water imbibition is 5% is laid in the naked of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting
Open country table tiles with a thickness of 50mm；
Layered coverage：The organic mat being prepared using 1 method of embodiment is laid in the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting
Exposed earth's surface thinks to tread, and tiles with a thickness of 30mm, then by the tiling to organic mat of inorganic covers gravel, tile thickness
For 20mm.
The record cover time is on March 12nd, 2015, acquires unlapped exposed earth's surface May next year and has trees and shrubs coverings
Soil surface below 100-200mm soil sample, measure the pH value, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen content, content of tatal phosphorus, full potassium of soil
Content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available phosphorus contents, quick-acting potassium content, measurement result are as shown in table 1：
PH value in the soil, content of organic matter, total nitrogen content, complete is not covered and covers after trees and shrubs coverings in 1 embodiment 3 of table
The variation of phosphorus content, full potassium content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available phosphorus contents, quick-acting potassium content.
The optimum soil pH value of Chinese rose is 6.5, and the obvious meta-acid of pH value of non-covering area, covers it can be seen from upper table 1
It makes moderate progress after lid trees and shrubs coverings；And the content of organic matter, total nitrogen content, quick-acting potassium content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content compared to
The soil for not covering gardens organic matter is all improved to some extent, relative to inorganic matter mulching soil and not decomposed straw straw
Stalk mulching soil, the improvement of soil nutrient situation is the most obvious after organic mat covering；Also have very when layered coverage to soil
Good improvement, and inorganic covers be when upper layer can be blown to avoid high wind with heavy rain leaching, the stream of organic mat
It loses；In addition to this, the relatively unlapped soil porosity of soil after organic matter covering increases by 28%, and bulk density coefficient reduces
11%, soil permeability coefficient increases by 500, the soil after layered coverage relative to unlapped soil porosity increase by 23%,
Bulk density coefficient reduces by 10%, soil permeability coefficient and increases by 4.8 times.
Embodiment 4
Adjust the cladding thickness of mulch.
Organic mat individually covers：The organic matter covering being prepared using 1 method of embodiment is laid in scattered planting
Chinese rose flowering shrubs exposed earth's surface, tile with a thickness of 100mm；
Rice straw mulching：By current year, the straw of harvesting is processed as being laid in the naked of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting after length 50-150mm
Open country table tiles with a thickness of 100mm；
Clod cover：The gravel that specification is 20-30mm is laid in the exposed earth's surface of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting, tile thickness
For 100mm；
Haydite covering：It is 5-20mm by grain size specification, the haydite that water imbibition is 5% is laid in the naked of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting
Open country table tiles with a thickness of 100mm；
The record cover time is on March 13rd, 2015, acquires unlapped exposed earth's surface May next year and has trees and shrubs coverings
Soil surface below 100-200mm soil sample, measure the pH value, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen content, content of tatal phosphorus, full potassium of soil
Content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available phosphorus contents, quick-acting potassium content, measurement result are as shown in table 2：
PH value in the soil, content of organic matter, total nitrogen content, complete is not covered and covers after trees and shrubs coverings in 2 embodiment 4 of table
The variation of phosphorus content, full potassium content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available phosphorus contents, quick-acting potassium content.
| Detection | Uncovering area | Organic mat individually covers | Clod cover | Rice straw mulching | Haydite covering |
| pH | 4.55 | 6.05 | 4.93 | 4.65 | 4.82 |
| Organic matter/mgkg-1 | 3.1 | 7 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| Full phosphorus/mgkg-1 | 739 | 999 | 826 | 803 | 748 |
| Full nitrogen/mgkg-1 | 851 | 1750 | 1200 | 1500 | 1300 |
| Full potassium/% | 2.96 | 5.18 | 3.15 | 3.17 | 3.03 |
| Available phosphorus/mgkg-1 | 25.5 | 29.6 | 26.1 | 25.5 | 28 |
| Available potassium/mgkg-1 | 101 | 282 | 147 | 177 | 121 |
| Hydrolyzable nitrogen/mgkg-1 | 203 | 281 | 213 | 205 | 204 |
It can be seen from upper table 2 when organic mat tiles with a thickness of 100mm, soil pH has obtained apparent improvement；
And when gardens organic matter covers, total nitrogen content, full potassium content, quick-acting potassium content are all increased significantly, gardens organic mat
Soil improvement is the most obvious when covering；In addition to this, the relatively unlapped soil total gap of soil after organic matter covering
Degree increases by 32%, and bulk density coefficient reduces by 13%, soil permeability coefficient and increases by 5.1 times,
Embodiment 5
Adjust the cladding thickness of trees and shrubs coverings.
Organic mat individually covers：The organic matter covering being prepared using 1 method of embodiment is laid in scattered planting
Chinese rose flowering shrubs exposed earth's surface, tile with a thickness of 150mm；
Rice straw mulching：By current year, the straw of harvesting is processed as being laid in the naked of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting after length 50-150mm
Open country table tiles with a thickness of 150mm；
Clod cover：The gravel that specification is 20-30mm is laid in the exposed earth's surface of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting, tile thickness
For 150mm；
Haydite covering：It is 5-20mm by grain size specification, the haydite that water imbibition is 5% is laid in the naked of the Chinese rose flowering shrubs of scattered planting
Open country table tiles with a thickness of 150mm；
The record cover time is on March 14th, 2015, acquires unlapped exposed earth's surface May next year and has trees and shrubs coverings
Soil surface below 100-200mm soil sample, measure the pH value, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen content, content of tatal phosphorus, full potassium of soil
Content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available phosphorus contents, quick-acting potassium content, measurement result are as shown in table 2：
PH value in the soil, content of organic matter, total nitrogen content, complete is not covered and covers after trees and shrubs coverings in 3 embodiment 5 of table
The variation of phosphorus content, full potassium content, hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available phosphorus contents, quick-acting potassium content.
| Detection | Uncovering area | Organic mat individually covers | Clod cover | Rice straw mulching | Haydite covering |
| pH | 4.52 | 5.96 | 4.81 | 4.83 | 4.55 |
| Organic matter/mgkg-1 | 2.8 | 6.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.9 |
| Full phosphorus/mgkg-1 | 846 | 1120 | 849 | 872 | 861 |
| Full nitrogen/mgkg-1 | 980 | 1800 | 1500 | 1700 | 1500 |
| Full potassium/% | 3.05 | 4.76 | 3.27 | 3.08 | 3.1 |
| Available phosphorus/mgkg-1 | 25.9 | 30 | 26.6 | 26 | 27 |
| Available potassium/mgkg-1 | 88 | 209 | 137 | 129 | 167 |
| Hydrolyzable nitrogen/mgkg-1 | 218 | 284 | 232 | 236 | 224 |
There is the area of trees and shrubs coverings it can be seen from upper table 3, the pH value of soil has obtained apparent improvement, and has
The parameters such as machine matter are all promoted, and when wherein gardens organic mat covers, reclamation result is best；In addition to this organic matter
The relatively unlapped soil porosity of soil after covering increases by 26%, and bulk density coefficient reduces by 9%, soil permeability coefficient and increases
4.5 again.
Above-mentioned detailed description is illustrating for one of them possible embodiments of the present invention, the embodiment not to
The scope of the patents of the invention is limited, all equivalence enforcements or change without departing from carried out by the present invention are intended to be limited solely by the technology of the present invention
In the range of scheme.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) afforestation waste, stalk, discarded mycelium, waste material of edible mushroom, furfural dregs are subjected to compost maturity processing, dyeing
After working process, gardens organic mat is obtained；
2) by gardens organic mat uniform fold to the soil surface after smooth；
The cladding thickness of the gardens organic mat is 50-150mm；
The compost maturity treatment process includes：
A. it pre-processes：Afforestation waste, stalk are crushed to partial size 3-6cm, discard mycelium, waste material of edible mushroom, furfural
Slag is crushed, partial size≤2cm；
B. one time fermentation：Smashed afforestation waste 25kg, soybean stalk 15kg are mixed, penicillin mycelium is added
2.34kg, water 8.5kg, BM fermentation maturity agent 5g are uniformly mixed, and it is aerobic that forced ventilation static is carried out in closed compost reactor
Compost, initial rate of venting 0.30L/ (minkg) are operated without turning in composting process, are fermented 7 days, are once sent out
Ferment product；
C. secondary fermentation：Measure one time fermentation product physicochemical property, by one time fermentation product 25kg, waste material of edible mushroom 14kg,
Furfural dregs 18kg, water 10.2kg, ferment bacterium quick rotting agent 0.21kg are uniformly mixed, and carry out forcing in closed compost reactor logical
Wind aerobic static composting, initial rate of venting 0.30L/ (minkg) are operated without turning in composting process, are fermented 12 days,
Obtain secondary fermentation product；
D. by the processing of secondary fermentation product dyeing process, gardens organic mat is obtained；
Wherein, the discarded mycelium is penicillin mycelium.
2. a kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the garden
Woods afforest waste be Euonymus japonicus, cercis, turf-mown object mixture.
3. a kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the straw
Stalk is one of soybean stalk, corn stover.
4. a kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the food
With the waste material that bacterium waste material is after planting agaricus bisporus.
5. a kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the chaff
Aldehyde slag is the waste residue that corncob produces that furfural generates.
6. a kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil
Earth surface is city trees and shrubs soil surface.
7. a kind of method of gardens organic mat improvement soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described has
The mode that machine covering covers soil surface includes：A kind of organic mat individually covers, organic mat and inorganic covering
Object layered coverage.
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| CN109305858A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-05 | 天津市琪梦环保科技有限公司 | A kind of open ground covering |
| CN111732470A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-10-02 | 中林佳诚(天津)生物科技有限公司 | Method for recycling garden waste |
| CN110317098A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-10-11 | 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 | Soil organism nutrition supply technology |
| CN110178614A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-30 | 海口路氏肥业有限公司 | A kind of compositing formula of (plantation is used) half matrix covering |
| CN110771475A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 昆山合纵生态科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing mildew-proof organic covering |
| CN111010916A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Method for in-situ rapid degradation of dragon fruit branches |
| CN111406462B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-09-07 | 广州隆盛景观建设有限公司 | Method for improving soil by garden organic mulch |
| CN112521217A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 东莞市枫华园林工程有限公司 | Garden soil improvement process |
| CN112876318A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-01 | 北京岩土工程勘察院有限公司 | Preparation method of furfural residues for alkaline soil plant greening spray seeding |
| CN113134508B (en) * | 2021-04-17 | 2023-02-28 | 湖南省园艺研究所 | Method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch |
| CN114430979A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-06 | 廊坊师范学院 | Soil application method for mushroom cultivation waste |
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